Ligilactobacillus salivarius (CCUG 31453, LMG 9477, DSM 20555)

Name: Ligilactobacillus salivarius (CCUG 31453, LMG 9477, DSM 20555)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 6665

Type strain

Strain Designation H066, HO 66

Culture col. no. CCUG 31453 LMG 9477 DSM 20555 ATCC 11741 NCDO 929 10 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 1624

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM CIP

History DSMZ <- ATCC <- M. Rogosa, H066 JCM <-- ATCC 11741 <-- M. Rogosa HO66. CIP <- 1988, DSMZ <- ATCC <- M. Rogosa: strain HO 66

Links

Ligilactobacillus salivarius H066 is a facultative anaerobe, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that was isolated from saliva.

Gram-positive rod-shaped facultative anaerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 3366

LMG 9477,ATCC 11741,DSM 20555,JCM 1231,LMG 13559,NCFB 2747,NCIMB 11975,NBIMCC 1589,CCUG 31453,NCDO 2747,NCDO 929,CIP 103140,NCIB 11975,CCRC 14759,CECT 4063,NRRL B-1949,BCRC 14759,HAMBI 78,HAMBI 87,KACC 10006,CGMCC 1.1881,VTT E-97853

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:26:27

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Bacilli

Order Lactobacillales

Family Lactobacillaceae

Genus Ligilactobacillus

Species Ligilactobacillus salivarius

Full scientific name Ligilactobacillus salivarius (Rogosa et al. 1953) Zheng et al. 2020

Synonyms (2)

Lactobacillus salivarius
Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Ligilactobacillus salivarius** (22)	Type strain
6663	L. salivarius HO-128X, DSM 20492
6664	L. salivarius HO268, HO 268, DSM 20554, ATCC 11742, NCDO ...
158986	L. salivarius WCA-383-APC-5E, DSM 105842
159530	L. salivarius WCA-389-WT-5E, DSM 103789
160645	L. salivarius Cla-CZ-11, DSM 108969
160944	L. salivarius JCM 1040
160950	L. salivarius JCM 1042
160955	L. salivarius JCM 1044
160956	L. salivarius JCM 1045
160959	L. salivarius JCM 1046, KCTC 3156
160960	L. salivarius JCM 1047, KCTC 3157
161212	L. salivarius JCM 1230
165562	L. salivarius JCM 7691
165569	L. salivarius JCM 7706
165574	L. salivarius JCM 7712
165578	L. salivarius JCM 7723
165903	L. salivarius JCM 8662
165904	L. salivarius JCM 8663
165905	L. salivarius JCM 8664
165906	L. salivarius JCM 8665
165933	L. salivarius JCM 8699
165934	L. salivarius JCM 8701

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Confidence
122389	positive	rod-shaped
125439	positive		91.663
125438	positive		91.539

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
8905	MRS MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 11)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: MRS MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 11) Composition: Glucose 20.0 g/l Casein peptone 10.0 g/l Meat extract 10.0 g/l Na-acetate 5.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l (NH4)3 citrate 2.0 g/l K2HPO4 2.0 g/l Tween 80 1.0 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.2 g/l MnSO4 x H2O 0.05 g/l Distilled water
40537	MEDIUM 40- for Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc		Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Man Rogosa Sharp agar (68.000 g)
122389	CIP Medium 40	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
8905	positive	growth	37
40537	positive	growth	37
50608	positive	growth	37
67770	positive	growth	37
122389	positive	growth	22-45
122389	negative	growth	10
122389	negative	growth	15

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
122389	facultative anaerobe
125439	facultative anaerobe	96.74

Murein

@ref	Murein short key	Type
8905	A11.31	A4alpha L-Lys-D-Asp

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68371	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	12936 ChEBI	D-galactose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17924 ChEBI	D-sorbitol	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28066 ChEBI	gentiobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	24265 ChEBI	gluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17716 ChEBI	lactose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	59640 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
122389	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
122389	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	respiration
122389	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68371	0 ChEBI	Potassium 2-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	0 ChEBI	Potassium 5-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17814 ChEBI	salicin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28017 ChEBI	starch	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	32528 ChEBI	turanose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test
122389	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	+

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
122389	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
68382	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API zym
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
122389	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	-		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	-		from API zym
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
122389	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	-		from API zym
122389	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
122389	oxidase	-
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

Fatty acid profile

Metadata FA analysis

@ref

50608

Fatty acid	Percentage	ECL
C16:0	26.2	16
C18:1 ω9c	21	17.769
C18:1 ω7c /12t/9t	19.3	17.824
C19:0 CYCLO ω9c	17.2	18.87
C14:0	5.4	14
C16:1 ω7c	4.4	15.819
Unidentified	2.7
C18:0	2	18
Unidentified	1.9

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
122389	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-

API 50CHac

@ref	ControlQ	GLY	ERY	DARA	LARA	RIB	DXYL	LXYL	ADO	MDX	GAL	GLU	FRU	MNE	SBE	RHA	DUL	INO	MAN	SOR	MDM	MDG	NAG	AMY	ARB	ESC	SAL	CEL	MAL	LAC	MEL	SAC	TRE	INU	MLZ	RAF	AMD	GLYG	XLT	GEN	TUR	LYX	TAG	DFUC	LFUC	DARL	LARL	GNT	2KG	5KG
8905	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
8905	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
8905	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	+/-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
8905	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Host Body Product	#Oral cavity and Airways	#Saliva

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Host species
8905	saliva
50608	Saliva
67770	Human saliva	Homo sapiens
122389	Human, Saliva	Homo sapiens

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence LC071821 (>99% sequence identity) for Ligilactobacillus salivarius from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	3859
Soil Samples	1629
Animal Samples	69457
Plant Samples	834
Total Samples	75779

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
8905	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
122389	1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM273602v1 assembly for Ligilactobacillus salivarius BCRC 14759	chromosome	GCA_002736025	1624.113	2898118425	1624	86.8
67770	ASM15939v1 assembly for Ligilactobacillus salivarius DSM 20555 = ATCC 11741	scaffold	GCA_000159395	525364.3	643886048	1423799	68.01
66792	ASM2982354v1 assembly for Ligilactobacillus salivarius LMG 9477	contig	GCA_029823545	1624.800	8116798015	1624	67.42
67770	ASM143595v1 assembly for Ligilactobacillus salivarius DSM 20555 = ATCC 11741	contig	GCA_001435955	1423799.3	2663763409	1423799	66.62

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
20218	Lactobacillus salivarius strain ATCC 11741 16S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence	AF089108	1570	1624
20218	Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer region, complete sequence	AF113600	210	1624
20218	Lactobacillus salivarius strain DSM 20555 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	DQ901733	1063	1624
20218	Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius strain DSM 20555 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	EF468102	575	1624
20218	Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 1231	AB289296	657	1624
20218	Lactobacillus salivarius gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 1231	AB370881	1486	1624
20218	Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence; 16S/23S intergenic spacer region, complete sequence; and 23S ribosomal RNA partial sequence	AF182725	675	1624
67770	Lactobacillus salivarius gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 1231	LC071821	1472	1624
124043	Lactobacillus salivarius strain NCIMB 8817 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	DQ901732	1077	1624
124043	Lactobacillus salivarius strain NCIMB 8817 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	DQ901734	1067	1624
124043	Lactobacillus salivarius strain NCIMB 8817 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	DQ901735	1074	1624
124043	Ligilactobacillus salivarius strain LMG 9477 (DSM 20555) 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer, partial sequence.	MW646904	251	1624
124043	Ligilactobacillus salivarius strain LMG 9477 (DSM 20555) 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer, partial sequence.	MW646909	455	1624
124043	Lactobacillus salivarius strain BCRC 14759 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	MN587966	999	1624

GC content

8905

GC-content (mol%)34.7

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: ASM273602v1 assembly for Ligilactobacillus salivarius BCRC 14759
NCBI: GCA_002736025

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	facultative anaerobe	96.74	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	positive	91.66	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	84.16	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	84.21	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Lactobacillus salivarius strain BCRC 14759
PATRIC: 1624.113

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	91.54	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	78.21	no
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	88.39	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	94.43	yes
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	95.53	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	88.93	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Susceptibility of Lactobacillaceae Strains to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics in the Light of EFSA Guidelines.	Dec M, Herman-Ostrzyzek K, Zomer A, Urban-Chmiel R.	Life (Basel)	10.3390/life15050732	2025
Phylogeny	Biodiversity of Ligilactobacillus salivarius Strains from Poultry and Domestic Pigeons.	Dec M, Stepien-Pysniak D, Puchalski A, Hauschild T, Pietras-Ozga D, Ignaciuk S, Urban-Chmiel R.	Animals (Basel)	10.3390/ani11040972	2021
	Development of a reproducible small intestinal microbiota model and its integration into the SHIME^®-system, a dynamic in vitro gut model.	Deyaert S, Moens F, Pirovano W, van den Bogert B, Klaassens ES, Marzorati M, Van de Wiele T, Kleerebezem M, Van den Abbeele P.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2022.1054061	2022
Genetics	Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis and Subtractive Screening of Lactobacilli in the Searching for New Probiotics to Protect the Mammary Glands.	Bujnakova D, Galambosiova T, Karahutova L.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms262110809	2025
	Isolation, genomic characterization and biotechnological evaluation of lactobacilli strains from chicken gastrointestinal tract.	Bedir E, Ay H, Kotil ES, Ozbek T.	Microb Pathog	10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107142	2025
	Efficacy of a feed additive consisting of Enterococcus faeciumDSM 33761, Pediococcus acidilacticiDSM 33758, Bifidobacterium animalisDSM 16284, Limosilactobacillus reuteriDSM 33751, Ligilactobacillus salivariusDSM 16351 (Biomin® C5) as a zootechnical additive for poultry for fattening and reared for laying/breeding (Biomin GmbH).	EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Villa RE, Azimonti G, Bonos E, Christensen H, Durjava M, Dusemund B, Gehring R, Glandorf B, Kouba M, Lopez-Alonso M, Marcon F, Nebbia C, Pechova A, Prieto-Maradona M, Rohe I, Theodoridou K, Dierick N, Anguita M, Innocenti ML, Ortuno J.	EFSA J	10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9459	2025
	Probiotic bacteria of wild boar origin intended for piglets - An in vitro study.	Kostovova I, Kavanova K, Moravkova M, Gebauer J, Leva L, Vicenova M, Babak V, Faldyna M, Crhanova M.	Vet Med (Praha)	10.17221/35/2024-vetmed	2024
Genetics	Complete genome sequence, metabolic profiling and functional studies reveal Ligilactobacillus salivarius LS-ARS2 is a promising biofilm-forming probiotic with significant antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm potential.	Patra S, Pradhan B, Roychowdhury A.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2025.1535388	2025
	Assessment of the feed additive consisting of Enterococcus faecium DSM 21913, Bifidobacterium animalis DSM 16284 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius DSM 16351 (Biomin® C3) for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying and minor poultry species other than laying for the renewal of its authorisation and extension of use in all poultry species for fattening and reared for laying/breeding (Biomin GmbH).	EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos ML, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Durjava M, Kouba M, Lopez-Alonso M, Lopez Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechova A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Ortuno Casanova J, Pettenati E.	EFSA J	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8356	2023
	In vitro modulation of proinflammatory and proteolytic activities of Porphyromonas gingivalis by selected lactobacilli.	Naja JR, Desparois L, Hebert EM, Nader MEF, Saavedra L, Minahk CJ, Houde VP.	J Oral Microbiol	10.1080/20002297.2025.2469894	2025
	Adjunctive role of Q10 with Ligilactobacillus salivarius, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum probiotic Bacteria on the HEp-2 cells viability and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans.	Khodaii Z, Mardi S, Mardi P, Natanzi MM.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2023.1053230	2023
	Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of Enterococcus faecium DSM 33761, Pediococcus acidilactici DSM 33758, Bifidobacterium animalis DSM 16284, Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 33751 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius DSM 16351 (Biomin® C5) for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying, turkeys for fattening, turkeys reared for breeding and minor poultry species for fattening and reared for laying/breeding (Biomin GmbH).	EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos ML, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Durjava M, Kouba M, Lopez-Alonso M, Lopez Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechova A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Ortuno Casanova J, Pettenati E.	EFSA J	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8354	2023
	Short-chain fatty acid-producing bacterial strains attenuate experimental ulcerative colitis by promoting M2 macrophage polarization via JAK/STAT3/FOXO3 axis inactivation.	Zhao H, Zhou Y, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhao C, Huang H, Yang J, Huang C, Li Y, Wang L, Nie Y.	J Transl Med	10.1186/s12967-024-05122-w	2024
	Microbiome-Based Products: Therapeutic Potential for Inflammatory Skin Diseases.	Rusanac A, Skibola Z, Matijasic M, Cipcic Paljetak H, Peric M.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms26146745	2025
	Probiotic supplementation as an alternative to antibiotics in broiler chickens.	Tomczyk G, Niczyporuk JS, Kozdrun W, Sawicka-Durkalec A, Bocian L, Barabasz M, Michalski M.	J Vet Res	10.2478/jvetres-2024-0009	2024
	The gut-lung axis in asthma: microbiota-driven mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.	Yang Z, Mao W, Wang J, Yin L.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2025.1680521	2025
	Prodrug-conjugated tumor-seeking commensals for targeted cancer therapy.	Shen H, Zhang C, Li S, Liang Y, Lee LT, Aggarwal N, Wun KS, Liu J, Nadarajan SP, Weng C, Ling H, Tay JK, Wang Y, Yao SQ, Hwang IY, Lee YS, Chang MW.	Nat Commun	10.1038/s41467-024-48661-y	2024
	Bioactive Hydrogel Formulation Based on Ferulic Acid-Grafted Nano-Chitosan and Bacterial Nanocellulose Enriched with Selenium Nanoparticles from Kombucha Fermentation.	Tritean N, Dimitriu L, Dima SO, Ghiurea M, Trica B, Nicolae CA, Moraru I, Nicolescu A, Cimpean A, Oancea F, Constantinescu-Aruxandei D.	J Funct Biomater	10.3390/jfb15070202	2024
	Antifungal and antibiofilm effects of probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius, zinc nanoparticles, and zinc nanocomposites against Candida albicans from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), water and humans.	El-Gazzar N, Elez RMMA, Attia ASA, Abdel-Warith AA, Darwish MM, Younis EM, Eltahlawi RA, Mohamed KI, Davies SJ, Elsohaby I.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2024.1358270	2024
	The Role of Nutraceuticals and Probiotics in Addition to Lifestyle Intervention in the Management of Childhood Obesity-Part 1: Metabolic Changes.	Street ME, Casadei F, Di Bari ER, Ferraboschi F, Montani AG, Shulhai AM, Esposito S.	Nutrients	10.3390/nu17101630	2025
	A randomized double-blind placebo controlled pilot study of probiotics in adolescents with severe obesity.	Verma A, Nelson MT, DePaolo WR, Hampe C, Roth CL.	J Diabetes Metab Disord	10.1007/s40200-021-00855-7	2021
	Probiotics for Parkinson's disease: Current evidence and future directions.	Tan AH, Hor JW, Chong CW, Lim SY.	JGH Open	10.1002/jgh3.12450	2021
Pathogenicity	Probiotics May Have Beneficial Effects in Parkinson's Disease: In vitro Evidence.	Magistrelli L, Amoruso A, Mogna L, Graziano T, Cantello R, Pane M, Comi C.	Front Immunol	10.3389/fimmu.2019.00969	2019
Genetics	Complete genome sequence and description of Lactococcus garvieae M14 isolated from Algerian fermented milk.	Moumene M, Drissi F, Croce O, Djebbari B, Robert C, Angelakis E, Benouareth DE, Raoult D, Merhej V.	New Microbes New Infect	10.1016/j.nmni.2016.01.009	2016
	Isolation, Characterization, and Application of Bacteriophage LPSE1 Against Salmonella enterica in Ready to Eat (RTE) Foods.	Huang C, Virk SM, Shi J, Zhou Y, Willias SP, Morsy MK, Abdelnabby HE, Liu J, Wang X, Li J.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2018.01046	2018
	Fermentation of Common Nettle Extracts by Ligilactobacillus salivarius: New Avenue for the Development of Added-Value Bioactive Products.	Bogdanovic M, Zugic A, Tadic V, Krgovic N, Mladenovic D, Djukic-Vukovic A.	Foods	10.3390/foods14223905	2025
	Probiotic Lactobacillus Species Modulate Immune Responses During Vaginal Epithelial Cell Colonization.	Valentine M, Rosati D, Dietschmann A, Schille TB, Netea MG, Hube B, Gresnigt MS.	J Infect Dis	10.1093/infdis/jiaf221	2025
	Exploration of the primary antibiofilm substance and mechanism employed by Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 to inhibit biofilm of Streptococcus mutans.	Ma N, Yang W, Chen B, Bao M, Li Y, Wang M, Yang X, Liu J, Wang C, Qiu L.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2025.1535539	2025
	Dual Inhibition of Salmonella enterica and Clostridium perfringens by New Probiotic Candidates Isolated from Chicken Intestinal Mucosa.	Lone A, Mottawea W, Ait Chait Y, Hammami R.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms9010166	2021
	Lipid discovery enabled by sequence statistics and machine learning.	Christensen PM, Martin J, Uppuluri A, Joyce LR, Wei Y, Guan Z, Morcos F, Palmer KL.	Elife	10.7554/elife.94929	2024
	Featured Prebiotic Agent: The Roles and Mechanisms of Direct and Indirect Prebiotic Activities of Lactoferrin and Its Application in Disease Control.	Liu ZS, Chen PW.	Nutrients	10.3390/nu15122759	2023
	Growth Conditions Influence Lactobacillus Cell-Free Supernatant Impact on Viability, Biofilm Formation, and Co-Aggregation of the Oral Periodontopathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis.	Zanetta P, Squarzanti DF, di Coste A, Amoruso A, Pane M, Azzimonti B.	Biomedicines	10.3390/biomedicines11030859	2023
	Exploring Beneficial Properties of Haskap Berry Leaf Compounds for Gut Health Enhancement.	Sip S, Sip A, Szulc P, Selwet M, Zarowski M, Czerny B, Cielecka-Piontek J.	Antioxidants (Basel)	10.3390/antiox13030357	2024
	In Vitro Selection of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Probiotic Strains for the Management of Oral Pathobiont Infections Associated to Systemic Diseases.	Zanetta P, Squarzanti DF, di Coste A, Rolla R, Valletti PA, Garzaro M, Dell'Era V, Amoruso A, Pane M, Azzimonti B.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms232416163	2022
	How probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics prevent dental caries: an oral microbiota perspective.	Luo SC, Wei SM, Luo XT, Yang QQ, Wong KH, Cheung PCK, Zhang BB.	NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes	10.1038/s41522-024-00488-7	2024
	Maternal Intake of Probiotics to Program Offspring Health.	Cuinat C, Stinson SE, Ward WE, Comelli EM.	Curr Nutr Rep	10.1007/s13668-022-00429-w	2022
Metabolism	The Adhesion of Lactobacillus salivarius REN to a Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line Requires S-layer Proteins.	Wang R, Jiang L, Zhang M, Zhao L, Hao Y, Guo H, Sang Y, Zhang H, Ren F.	Sci Rep	10.1038/srep44029	2017
	The evolution of host specialization in the vertebrate gut symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri.	Frese SA, Benson AK, Tannock GW, Loach DM, Kim J, Zhang M, Oh PL, Heng NC, Patil PB, Juge N, Mackenzie DA, Pearson BM, Lapidus A, Dalin E, Tice H, Goltsman E, Land M, Hauser L, Ivanova N, Kyrpides NC, Walter J.	PLoS Genet	10.1371/journal.pgen.1001314	2011
	Viability of Probiotic Microorganisms and the Effect of Their Addition to Fruit and Vegetable Juices.	Maia MS, Domingos MM, de Sao Jose JFB.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms11051335	2023
	Antimicrobial activity of cell-free supernatant of lactic acid bacteria on spoilage bacteria of vacuum-packed sliced emulsion-type sausages.	Tajbakhsh S, Eskandari MH, Shekarforoush SS.	Iran J Vet Res	10.22099/ijvr.2024.49361.7255	2024
	Inhibitory Effect of Enterococcus faecium WB2000 on Volatile Sulfur Compound Production by Porphyromonas gingivalis.	Suzuki N, Higuchi T, Nakajima M, Fujimoto A, Morita H, Yoneda M, Hanioka T, Hirofuji T.	Int J Dent	10.1155/2016/8241681	2016
	Electrospun antimicrobial poly(lactic acid) foams with nanocellulose for enhanced hydrophilicity and controlled drug release.	Sleinus D, Lovato MJ, Platnieks O, Sabalina A, Gaidukovs S, Franco L, Puiggali J, Del Valle LJ.	RSC Adv	10.1039/d4ra08580a	2025
	A Color Indicator Based on 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) and a Biodegradable Poly(ester amide) for Detecting Bacterial Contamination	Lovato M, De Lama-Odria M, Puiggali J, del Valle L, Franco L.	Int J Mol Sci		2024
	Exploring fermentation with lactic acid bacteria as a pretreatment for enhancing antioxidant potential in broccoli stem powders.	Serna-Barrera MA, Bas-Bellver C, Segui L, Betoret N, Barrera C.	AIMS Microbiol	10.3934/microbiol.2024013	2024
	Improved Functionality, Quality, and Shelf Life of Merguez-Type Camel Sausage Fortified with Spirulina as a Natural Ingredient.	Djenane D, Khaled BM, Ben Miri Y, Metahri MS, Montanes L, Aider M, Arino A.	Foods	10.3390/foods14010059	2024
Genetics	Whole-genome analysis of Ligilactobacillus salivarius L33, a potential probiotic strain isolated from chicken gastrointestinal tract.	Maniee SA, Mahmoodian S, Zamani Amirzakaria J, Meimandipour A, Shariati V, Tavakol E.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.01591-24	2025
	Characterization of Potential Probiotic Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Camel Colostrum by Biochemical and Molecular Methods.	Safi E, Haddad M, Hasan M, Al-Dalain SY, Proestos C, Siddiqui SA.	Vet Med Int	10.1155/2023/8334152	2023
Genetics	Selection of Immunobiotic Ligilactobacillus salivarius Strains from the Intestinal Tract of Wakame-Fed Pigs: Functional and Genomic Studies.	Zhou B, Albarracin L, Indo Y, Arce L, Masumizu Y, Tomokiyo M, Islam MA, Garcia-Castillo V, Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Nochi T, Morita H, Takahashi H, Kurata S, Villena J, Kitazawa H.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms8111659	2020
	Molecular Identification and Selection of Probiotic Strains Able to Reduce the Serum TMAO Level in Mice Challenged with Choline.	Ramireddy L, Tsen HY, Chiang YC, Hung CY, Wu SR, Young SL, Lin JS, Huang CH, Chiu SH, Chen CC, Chen CC.	Foods	10.3390/foods10122931	2021
Genetics	Plasmids encode niche-specific traits in Lactobacillaceae.	Davray D, Deo D, Kulkarni R.	Microb Genom	10.1099/mgen.0.000472	2021
	Designing primers and evaluation of the efficiency of propidium monoazide - Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for counting the viable cells of Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus salivarius.	Lai CH, Wu SR, Pang JC, Ramireddy L, Chiang YC, Lin CK, Tsen HY.	J Food Drug Anal	10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.004	2017
	Lactobacillus plantarum Disrupts S. mutans-C. albicans Cross-Kingdom Biofilms.	Zeng Y, Fadaak A, Alomeir N, Wu TT, Rustchenko E, Qing S, Bao J, Gilbert C, Xiao J	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2022.872012	2022
	Antioxidants Bioaccessibility and Lactobacillus salivarius (CECT 4063) Survival Following the In Vitro Digestion of Vacuum Impregnated Apple Slices: Effect of the Drying Technique, the Addition of Trehalose, and High-Pressure Homogenization.	Burca-Busaga CG, Betoret N, Segui L, Garcia-Hernandez J, Hernandez M, Barrera C	Foods	10.3390/foods10092155	2021
	Survival of Lactobacillus salivarius CECT 4063 and Stability of Antioxidant Compounds in Dried Apple Snacks as Affected by the Water Activity, the Addition of Trehalose and High Pressure Homogenization.	Burca-Busaga CG, Betoret N, Segui L, Betoret E, Barrera C	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms8081095	2020
	Microbial Community and FermentationDynamics of Corn Silage Prepared withHeat-Resistant Lactic Acid Bacteria in a HotEnvironment.	Guan H, Shuai Y, Yan Y, Ran Q, Wang X, Li D, Cai Y, Zhang X	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms8050719	2020
Pathogenicity	Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. inhibit growth, biofilm formation and gene expression of caries-inducing Streptococcus mutans.	Wasfi R, Abd El-Rahman OA, Zafer MM, Ashour HM	J Cell Mol Med	10.1111/jcmm.13496	2018
Metabolism	Evasin-displaying lactic acid bacteria bind different chemokines and neutralize CXCL8 production in Caco-2 cells.	Skrlec K, Pucer Janez A, Rogelj B, Strukelj B, Berlec A	Microb Biotechnol	10.1111/1751-7915.12781	2017
Metabolism	Inhibition of Fusarium solani Infection in Murine Keratocytes by Lactobacillus salivarius ssp. salivarius JCM1231 Culture Filtrate In Vitro.	Hu J, Chen F, Kan T, Zhuang H, Zhang J, Han X	Curr Eye Res	10.1080/02713683.2017.1317816	2017
	Microencapsulation of functional strains by high pressure homogenization for a potential use in fermented milk.	Patrignani F, Siroli L, Serrazanetti DI, Braschi G, Betoret E, Reinheimer JA, Lanciotti R	Food Res Int	10.1016/j.foodres.2017.04.020	2017
Phylogeny	Heterologous surface display on lactic acid bacteria: non-GMO alternative?	Zadravec P, Strukelj B, Berlec A	Bioengineered	10.1080/21655979.2015.1040956	2015
Metabolism	Improvement of LysM-mediated surface display of designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) in recombinant and nonrecombinant strains of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus Species.	Zadravec P, Strukelj B, Berlec A	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/AEM.03694-14	2015
Metabolism	Antimicrobial potential for the combination of bovine lactoferrin or its hydrolysate with lactoferrin-resistant probiotics against foodborne pathogens.	Chen PW, Jheng TT, Shyu CL, Mao FC	J Dairy Sci	10.3168/jds.2012-6112	2013
Pathogenicity	Protective effect of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota against lethal infection with multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 in mice.	Asahara T, Shimizu K, Takada T, Kado S, Yuki N, Morotomi M, Tanaka R, Nomoto K	J Appl Microbiol	10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04884.x	2010
Metabolism	Immobilization of Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 on loofa sponge coated with chitosan for lactic acid fermentation.	Chantawongvuti R, Veerajetbodithat J, Jaturapiree P, Muangnapoh C	J Microbiol Biotechnol	JMB020-01-15	2010
	Whole-Genome Sequencing of Lactobacillus salivarius Strains BCRC 14759 and BCRC 12574.	Chiu SH, Chen CC, Wang LT, Huang L	Genome Announc	10.1128/genomeA.01336-17	2017
	Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the poultry intestinal environment with anti-Salmonella activity in vitro.	Hidalgo VM, Babot JD, Fernandez MM, Perez Chaia A, Audisio C, Apella MC	Braz J Microbiol	10.1007/s42770-022-00860-9	2022
	Ligilactobacillus cholophilus sp. nov., isolated from pickled potherb mustard (Brassica juncea Coss.).	Ren Q, Wang D, Han J, Wang J, Liu Z, Wu Z.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.006160	2023
Phylogeny	Lactobacillus hayakitensis sp. nov., isolated from intestines of healthy thoroughbreds.	Morita H, Shiratori C, Murakami M, Takami H, Kato Y, Endo A, Nakajima F, Takagi M, Akita H, Okada S, Masaoka T	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.65135-0	2007

References

#8905	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 20555
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#40537	; Curators of the CIP;
#50608	Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) ; Curators of the CCUG; CCUG 31453
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68371	Automatically annotated from API 50CH acid .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#122389	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 103140
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Ligilactobacillus salivarius (CCUG 31453, LMG 9477, DSM 20555)

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