Carnobacterium divergens (DSM 20623, ATCC 35677, NCDO 2763)

Name: Carnobacterium divergens (DSM 20623, ATCC 35677, NCDO 2763)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 2253

Type strain

Strain Designation 66

Culture col. no. DSM 20623 ATCC 35677 NCDO 2763 WDCM 00075 CCUG 30094 15 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 1449336 2748

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM KCTC CIP

History DSMZ <- W.H. Holzapfel, 66 JCM <-- DSM 20623 <-- W. H. Holzapfel 66. CIP <- 1984, DSM <- W.H. Holzapfel: strain 66, Lactobacillus divergens

Links

Carnobacterium divergens 66 is a microaerophile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that was isolated from vacuum-packaged minced beef.

Gram-positive rod-shaped microaerophile genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 1682

LMG 9199,ATCC 35677,CCM 4117,CCUG 30094,DSM 20623,LMG 11421,NCFB 2763,NCIMB 11952,NCTC 13772,NCDO 2763,CIP 101029,JCM 5816,NCIB 11952,CCRC 14042,JCM 9133,CECT4016,IFO 15683,KCTC 3675,NBRC 15683,NRRL B-14830,BCRC 14042,VTT E-97850

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:25:25

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Bacilli

Order Lactobacillales

Family Carnobacteriaceae

Genus Carnobacterium

Species Carnobacterium divergens

Full scientific name Carnobacterium divergens (Holzapfel and Gerber 1984) Collins et al. 1987

Synonyms (1)

Lactobacillus divergens

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Carnobacterium divergens** (8)	Type strain
2252	C. divergens M2, DSM 20589
2254	C. divergens 115, DSM 20625
138628	C. divergens 1042.84, CIP 101348
154324	C. divergens CCUG 53087
156969	C. divergens CCUG 67747
165998	C. divergens JCM 9132
165999	C. divergens JCM 9134
172667	C. divergens MFPA43A14-05, CIP 110938

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Motility	Confidence
118951	positive	rod-shaped
125438	positive			91.43

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
8971	TRYPTICASE SOY YEAST EXTRACT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 92)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: TRYPTICASE SOY YEAST EXTRACT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 92) Composition: Trypticase soy broth 30.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Yeast extract 3.0 g/l Distilled water
41662	MEDIUM 72- for trypto casein soja agar		Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Trypto casein soy agar (40.000 g)
118951	CIP Medium 3	Medium recipe at CIP
118951	CIP Medium 72	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
8971	positive	growth	30
41662	positive	growth	30
49897	positive	growth	30
67770	positive	growth	25
118951	positive	growth	15-45

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
49897	microaerophile
118951	facultative anaerobe
125439	facultative anaerobe	90.503

Murein

@ref	Murein short key	Type
8971	A31	A1gamma m-Dpm-direct

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68371	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	12936 ChEBI	D-galactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17924 ChEBI	D-sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28066 ChEBI	gentiobiose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	24265 ChEBI	gluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	59640 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
118951	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
118951	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	respiration
118951	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68371	0 ChEBI	Potassium 2-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	0 ChEBI	Potassium 5-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17814 ChEBI	salicin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28017 ChEBI	starch	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	32528 ChEBI	turanose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test
118951	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
118951	alcohol dehydrogenase	+	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	+	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
68382	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API zym
68382	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
118951	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
68382	leucine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
118951	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
118951	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
118951	oxidase	-
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

Pathway annotation

Computationally determined by

@ref	pathway	enzyme coverage	annotated reactions
66794	cellulose degradation	100	5 of 5
66794	ethanol fermentation	100	2 of 2
66794	aspartate and asparagine metabolism	100	9 of 9
66794	vitamin K metabolism	100	5 of 5
66794	acetoin degradation	100	3 of 3
66794	coenzyme A metabolism	100	4 of 4
66794	CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	cis-vaccenate biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	anapleurotic synthesis of oxalacetate	100	1 of 1
66794	UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis	100	3 of 3
66794	folate polyglutamylation	100	1 of 1
66794	palmitate biosynthesis	100	22 of 22
66794	valine metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	chorismate metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	pentose phosphate pathway	81.82	9 of 11
66794	threonine metabolism	80	8 of 10
66794	metabolism of amino sugars and derivatives	80	4 of 5
66794	peptidoglycan biosynthesis	80	12 of 15
66794	photosynthesis	78.57	11 of 14
66794	serine metabolism	77.78	7 of 9
66794	pyrimidine metabolism	75.56	34 of 45
66794	glycogen biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	ppGpp biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	acetate fermentation	75	3 of 4
66794	purine metabolism	73.4	69 of 94
66794	NAD metabolism	72.22	13 of 18
66794	cardiolipin biosynthesis	71.43	5 of 7
66794	glycolysis	70.59	12 of 17
66794	Entner Doudoroff pathway	70	7 of 10
66794	myo-inositol biosynthesis	70	7 of 10
66794	starch degradation	70	7 of 10
66794	vitamin B1 metabolism	69.23	9 of 13
66794	phenylalanine metabolism	69.23	9 of 13
66794	formaldehyde oxidation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	L-lactaldehyde degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	cyanate degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	non-pathway related	63.16	24 of 38
66794	C4 and CAM-carbon fixation	62.5	5 of 8
66794	isoleucine metabolism	62.5	5 of 8
66794	ketogluconate metabolism	62.5	5 of 8
66794	alanine metabolism	62.07	18 of 29
66794	3-chlorocatechol degradation	60	3 of 5
66794	methylglyoxal degradation	60	3 of 5
66794	factor 420 biosynthesis	60	3 of 5
66794	glycogen metabolism	60	3 of 5
66794	ubiquinone biosynthesis	57.14	4 of 7
66794	propanol degradation	57.14	4 of 7
66794	oxidative phosphorylation	56.04	51 of 91
66794	d-mannose degradation	55.56	5 of 9
66794	allantoin degradation	55.56	5 of 9
66794	proline metabolism	54.55	6 of 11
66794	leucine metabolism	53.85	7 of 13
66794	isoprenoid biosynthesis	53.85	14 of 26
66794	flavin biosynthesis	53.33	8 of 15
66794	methionine metabolism	50	13 of 26
66794	sulfopterin metabolism	50	2 of 4
66794	selenocysteine biosynthesis	50	3 of 6
66794	gluconeogenesis	50	4 of 8
66794	CMP-KDO biosynthesis	50	2 of 4
66794	glycine metabolism	50	5 of 10
66794	glycolate and glyoxylate degradation	50	3 of 6
66794	suberin monomers biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	butanoate fermentation	50	2 of 4
66794	6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis	50	4 of 8
66794	tyrosine metabolism	50	7 of 14
66794	glutamate and glutamine metabolism	46.43	13 of 28
66794	vitamin B6 metabolism	45.45	5 of 11
66794	CO2 fixation in Crenarchaeota	44.44	4 of 9
66794	cysteine metabolism	44.44	8 of 18
66794	glutathione metabolism	42.86	6 of 14
66794	lysine metabolism	42.86	18 of 42
66794	mevalonate metabolism	42.86	3 of 7
66794	tryptophan metabolism	42.11	16 of 38
66794	degradation of aromatic, nitrogen containing compounds	41.67	5 of 12
66794	arachidonate biosynthesis	40	2 of 5
66794	lipoate biosynthesis	40	2 of 5
66794	degradation of pentoses	39.29	11 of 28
66794	phenylpropanoid biosynthesis	38.46	5 of 13
66794	degradation of sugar alcohols	37.5	6 of 16
66794	d-xylose degradation	36.36	4 of 11
66794	metabolism of disaccharids	36.36	4 of 11
66794	tetrahydrofolate metabolism	35.71	5 of 14
66794	lipid metabolism	35.48	11 of 31
66794	arginine metabolism	33.33	8 of 24
66794	IAA biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	enterobactin biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	octane oxidation	33.33	1 of 3
66794	acetyl CoA biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	lipid A biosynthesis	33.33	3 of 9
66794	urea cycle	30.77	4 of 13
66794	coenzyme M biosynthesis	30	3 of 10
66794	propionate fermentation	30	3 of 10
66794	reductive acetyl coenzyme A pathway	28.57	2 of 7
66794	degradation of hexoses	27.78	5 of 18
66794	ascorbate metabolism	27.27	6 of 22
66794	lactate fermentation	25	1 of 4
66794	catecholamine biosynthesis	25	1 of 4
66794	cyclohexanol degradation	25	1 of 4
66794	histidine metabolism	24.14	7 of 29
66794	bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway	23.53	4 of 17
66794	sulfate reduction	23.08	3 of 13
66794	arachidonic acid metabolism	22.22	4 of 18
66794	nitrate assimilation	22.22	2 of 9
66794	polyamine pathway	21.74	5 of 23
66794	citric acid cycle	21.43	3 of 14
66794	heme metabolism	21.43	3 of 14

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
118951	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-

API 50CHac

@ref	ControlQ	GLY	ERY	DARA	LARA	RIB	DXYL	LXYL	ADO	MDX	GAL	GLU	FRU	MNE	SBE	RHA	DUL	INO	MAN	SOR	MDM	MDG	NAG	AMY	ARB	ESC	SAL	CEL	MAL	LAC	MEL	SAC	TRE	INU	MLZ	RAF	AMD	GLYG	XLT	GEN	TUR	LYX	TAG	DFUC	LFUC	DARL	LARL	GNT	2KG	5KG
8971	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Engineered	#Food production	#Bottled, canned, packed food
#Engineered	#Food production	#Meat

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent
8971	vacuum-packaged minced beef
49897	Vacuum-packaged minced beef	South Africa	ZAF	Africa
67770	Raw vacuum-packaged minced beef
118951	Food, Vacuum packaged minced beef

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence LC097075 (>99% sequence identity) for Carnobacterium divergens subclade from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	963
Soil Samples	441
Animal Samples	4851
Plant Samples	215
Total Samples	6470

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
8971	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
118951	1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM74425v1 assembly for Carnobacterium divergens DSM 20623 66	contig	GCA_000744255	1449336.3	2574180433	1449336	77.34
66792	ASM143708v1 assembly for Carnobacterium divergens DSM 20623	scaffold	GCA_001437085	1449336.4	2700989267	1449336	68.11

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
20218	Carnobacterium divergens strain ATCC 35677 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	GU460377	809	2748
20218	Carnobacterium divergens strain DSM 20623 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	M58816	1502	2748
20218	Carnobacterium divergens gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: NBRC 15683	AB680940	1481	2748
20218	Carnobacterium divergens 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; small 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer, complete sequence; and 23S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AF374292	446	2748
20218	Carnobacterium divergens 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; medium 16S-23S intergenic spacer and tRNA-Ala gene, complete sequence; and 23S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AF374293	554	2748
20218	Carnobacterium divergens 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; large 16S-23S intergenic spacer, tRNA-Ile and tRNA-Ala genes, complete sequence; and 23S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AF374294	668	2748
20218	Carnobacterium divergens partial 16S RNA	X54270	1492	2748
67770	Carnobacterium divergens gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 9133	LC097075	1494	2748
67770	Carnobacterium divergens gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 5816	LC145556	1462	2748

GC content

@ref	GC-content (mol%)	Method
8971	35.5
67770	35.5	thermal denaturation, midpoint method (Tm)
67770	34.8	thermal denaturation, midpoint method (Tm)

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: ASM74425v1 assembly for Carnobacterium divergens DSM 20623 66
BV-BRC: 1449336.3

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	facultative anaerobe	90.50	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	variable	51.18	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	47.65	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	42.61	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Carnobacterium divergens DSM 20623 DSM 20623
NCBI: GCA_001437085.1

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	91.43	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	90.72	yes
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	93.97	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	73.69	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	95.97	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	88.37	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Genetics	Phylogenomic insights support the merger of the genera Mameliella and Maliponia into the genus Antarctobacter.	Xu X, Li X, Xue Q, Liu A.	BMC Genomics	10.1186/s12864-025-12173-w	2025
	Hidden diversity in Enterococcus faecalis revealed by CRISPR2 screening: eco-evolutionary insights into a novel subspecies.	Leite VLM, Faria AR, Guerra CF, Souza SdSR, Freitas AdAR, Morais JM, Merquior VLC, Planet PJ, Teixeira LM.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.01428-25	2025
Phylogeny	Genome-based taxonomic classification of the genus Sulfitobacter along with the proposal of a new genus Parasulfitobacter gen. nov. and exploring the gene clusters associated with sulfur oxidation.	Xu X, He M, Xue Q, Li X, Liu A.	BMC Genomics	10.1186/s12864-024-10269-3	2024
	Tn-seq profiling reveals that NodS of the beta-rhizobium Paraburkholderia phymatum is detrimental for nodulating soybean.	Belles-Sancho P, Golaz D, Paszti S, Vitale A, Liu Y, Bailly A, Eberl L, James EK, Pessi G.	Commun Biol	10.1038/s42003-024-07385-x	2024
	Structural properties of the linkers connecting the N- and C- terminal domains in the MocR bacterial transcriptional regulators.	Milano T, Angelaccio S, Tramonti A, Di Salvo ML, Contestabile R, Pascarella S.	Biochim Open	10.1016/j.biopen.2016.07.002	2016
Pathogenicity	Metabolomic signature of exposure and response to citalopram/escitalopram in depressed outpatients.	Bhattacharyya S, Ahmed AT, Arnold M, Liu D, Luo C, Zhu H, Mahmoudiandehkordi S, Neavin D, Louie G, Dunlop BW, Frye MA, Wang L, Weinshilboum RM, Krishnan RR, Rush AJ, Kaddurah-Daouk R.	Transl Psychiatry	10.1038/s41398-019-0507-5	2019
	Identifying and exploring biohydrogenating rumen bacteria with emphasis on pathways including trans-10 intermediates.	Dewanckele L, Jeyanathan J, Vlaeminck B, Fievez V.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/s12866-020-01876-7	2020
Enzymology	Phylogenetic analysis of faecal microbiota from captive cheetahs reveals underrepresentation of Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacteriaceae.	Becker AA, Hesta M, Hollants J, Janssens GP, Huys G.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/1471-2180-14-43	2014
Enzymology	Variations of bacterial populations in human feces measured by fluorescent in situ hybridization with group-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes.	Franks AH, Harmsen HJ, Raangs GC, Jansen GJ, Schut F, Welling GW.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.64.9.3336-3345.1998	1998
	Antimicrobial Effect of Lippia citriodora Extract in Combination with Gallic Acid or Octyl Gallate on Bacteria from Meat.	Rua J, Sanz-Gomez J, Maestro S, Caro I, Garcia-Armesto MR.	Foods	10.3390/foods13111643	2024
Genetics	Evaluating disinfectant efficacy on mixed biofilms comprising Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli, lactic acid bacteria, and spoilage microorganisms.	Koti K, Rodas-Gonzalez A, Nadon C, McAllister T, Yang X, Narvaez-Bravo C.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2024.1360645	2024
Metabolism	Impact of Gallic Acid on Gut Health: Focus on the Gut Microbiome, Immune Response, and Mechanisms of Action.	Yang K, Zhang L, Liao P, Xiao Z, Zhang F, Sindaye D, Xin Z, Tan C, Deng J, Yin Y, Deng B.	Front Immunol	10.3389/fimmu.2020.580208	2020
	Formation and Transfer of Multi-Species Biofilms Containing E. coli O103:H2 on Food Contact Surfaces to Beef.	Nan Y, Rodas-Gonzalez A, Stanford K, Nadon C, Yang X, McAllister T, Narvaez-Bravo C.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2022.863778	2022
	Bacterial Proteinaceous Compounds With Multiple Activities Toward Cancers and Microbial Infection.	Rodrigues G, Silva GGO, Buccini DF, Duque HM, Dias SC, Franco OL.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2019.01690	2019
	Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and conformational analysis of the class IIa bacteriocin pediocin PA-1 and analogs thereof.	Bedard F, Hammami R, Zirah S, Rebuffat S, Fliss I, Biron E.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-018-27225-3	2018
Biotechnology	Hydroxyapatite adherence as a means to concentrate bacteria.	Berry ED, Siragusa GR.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.63.10.4069-4074.1997	1997
	Generation and utilization of polyclonal antibodies to a synthetic C-terminal amino acid fragment of divercin V41, a class IIa bacteriocin.	Richard C, Drider D, Fliss I, Denery S, Prevost H.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.70.1.248-254.2004	2004
	Protective Effect of Carnobacterium spp. against Listeria monocytogenes during Host Cell Invasion Using In vitro HT29 Model.	Pilchova T, Pilet MF, Cappelier JM, Pazlarova J, Tresse O.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2016.00088	2016
Metabolism	Purification and amino acid sequences of piscicocins V1a and V1b, two class IIa bacteriocins secreted by Carnobacterium piscicola V1 that display significantly different levels of specific inhibitory activity.	Bhugaloo-Vial P, Dousset X, Metivier A, Sorokine O, Anglade P, Boyaval P, Marion D.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.62.12.4410-4416.1996	1996
Enzymology	Development of a rapid real-time PCR method as a tool to quantify viable Photobacterium phosphoreum bacteria in salmon (Salmo salar) steaks.	Mace S, Mamlouk K, Chipchakova S, Prevost H, Joffraud JJ, Dalgaard P, Pilet MF, Dousset X.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.03677-12	2013
	Solid- and Vapor-Phase Antibacterial Activities and Mechanisms of Essential Oils Against Fish Spoilage Bacteria.	Lin HJ, Hsu PH, Lin TC, Lu WJ, Lin HV.	Antibiotics (Basel)	10.3390/antibiotics13121137	2024
Enzymology	Comparative genomics of Streptococcus parauberis: new target for molecular identification of serotype III.	Torres-Corral Y, Santos Y.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-020-10683-z	2020
	Antimicrobial potential of pyroligneous extracts - a systematic review and technological prospecting.	Souza JLS, Guimaraes VBDS, Campos AD, Lund RG.	Braz J Microbiol	10.1016/j.bjm.2018.07.001	2018
Genetics	New Insight into Antimicrobial Compounds from Food and Marine-Sourced Carnobacterium Species through Phenotype and Genome Analyses.	Begrem S, Ivaniuk F, Gigout-Chevalier F, Kolypczuk L, Bonnetot S, Leroi F, Grovel O, Delbarre-Ladrat C, Passerini D.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms8071093	2020
	Identification of Potential Citrate Metabolism Pathways in Carnobacterium maltaromaticum.	Li H, Ramia NE, Borges F, Revol-Junelles AM, Vogensen FK, Leisner JJ.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms9102169	2021
	Bacterial Isolates Associated with Mortality Events in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) Restocking Farms in Spain: A Descriptive Field Study.	Vargas-Gonzalez A, Barajas M, Perez-Sanchez T.	Animals (Basel)	10.3390/ani15172532	2025
Metabolism	Comparison of different application strategies of divergicin M35 for inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked wild salmon.	Tahiri I, Desbiens M, Kheadr E, Lacroix C, Fliss I	Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.fm.2009.05.003	2009
Enzymology	Genetic and biochemical characterization of CAD-1, a chromosomally encoded new class A penicillinase from Carnobacterium divergens.	Meziane-Cherif D, Decre D, Hoiby EA, Courvalin P, Perichon B	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/AAC.01145-07	2007
Phylogeny	Differentiation of closely related Carnobacterium food isolates based on 16S-23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer region polymorphism.	Kabadjova P, Dousset X, Le Cam V, Prevost H	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/AEM.68.11.5358-5366.2002	2002

References

#8971	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 20623
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#41662	; Curators of the CIP;
#49897	Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) ; Curators of the CCUG; CCUG 30094
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#66794	Antje Chang, Lisa Jeske, Sandra Ulbrich, Julia Hofmann, Julia Koblitz, Ida Schomburg, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Dieter Jahn, Dietmar Schomburg: BRENDA, the ELIXIR core data resource in 2021: new developments and updates. Nucleic Acids Res. 49: D498 - D508 2020 ( DOI 10.1093/nar/gkaa1025 , PubMed 33211880 )
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68371	Automatically annotated from API 50CH acid .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#118951	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 101029
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Carnobacterium divergens (DSM 20623, ATCC 35677, NCDO 2763)

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