Lactobacillus leichmannii (DSM 20076, ATCC 4797, CCM 2344)

Name: Lactobacillus leichmannii (DSM 20076, ATCC 4797, CCM 2344)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 6453

Type strain

Strain Designation 326, F 59

Culture col. no. DSM 20076 ATCC 4797 CCM 2344 NCDO 299 NCIB 7854 21 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 28039 29397

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM CIP

History <- ATCC <- R.P. Tittsler, 326 <- E.B. Fred, F 59 ATCC 4797 <-- R. P. Tittsler 326 <-- E. B. Fred F59. CIP <- 1954, ATCC <- R.P. Tittsler: strain 326 <- E.B. Fred: strain F5, Lactobacillus leichmannii

Links

Lactobacillus leichmannii 326 is an anaerobe, mesophilic, Gram-positive prokaryote of the family Lactobacillaceae.

Gram-positive rod-shaped anaerobe mesophilic genome sequence 16S sequence

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 3283

LMG 13136,ATCC 4797,ATCC 7831,CCM 2344,DSM 20076,LMG 6891,NCFB 299,NCFB 301,NCIMB 7854,NCIMB 8117,NCTC 7854,NCDO 299,CCUG 21454,IFO 3073,JCM 1148,NCIB 8117,NCIB 7854,CCRC 10699,CECT 287,IAM 1196,NCDO301,NCIMB 8183,NCDO304,CIP 54.3,LMD 49.6,CIP 54.4,NBRC 3073,IAM 327,NCCB 49006,BCRC 10699,CCT 0563,NRRL B-4523,NCIM 2070,NCIM 2590,CDBB 64,NRRL B-1924,NRRL B-735

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2025-12-16 09:48:19

Domain Bacillati

Phylum Bacillota

Class Bacilli

Order Lactobacillales

Family Lactobacillaceae

Genus Lactobacillus

Species Lactobacillus leichmannii

Full scientific name Lactobacillus leichmannii (Henneberg 1903) Bergey et al. 1923 (Approved Lists 1980)

Synonyms (1)

"Bacillus leichmanni"

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Confidence
118882	positive	rod-shaped
125438			95.5
125438	positive		94.248

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
8504	MRS MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 11)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: MRS MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 11) Composition: Glucose 20.0 g/l Casein peptone 10.0 g/l Meat extract 10.0 g/l Na-acetate 5.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l (NH4)3 citrate 2.0 g/l K2HPO4 2.0 g/l Tween 80 1.0 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.2 g/l MnSO4 x H2O 0.05 g/l Distilled water
35815	MEDIUM 40- for Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc		Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Man Rogosa Sharp agar (68.000 g)
118882	CIP Medium 40	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)	Range
8504	positive	growth	37	mesophilic
35815	positive	growth	37	mesophilic
67770	positive	growth	37	mesophilic
118882	positive	growth	22-45
118882	negative	growth	10
118882	negative	growth	15

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
8504	anaerobe
8504	microaerophile
118882	facultative anaerobe
125439	obligate anaerobe	94.6

Murein

@ref	Murein short key	Type
8504	A11.31	A4alpha L-Lys-D-Asp

Observation

67770

ObservationAssay of Vitamin B12

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68371	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68371	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68371	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17924 ChEBI	D-sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68371	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis	from API Coryne
68371	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	-	hydrolysis	from API Coryne
68371	24265 ChEBI	gluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68371	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	17716 ChEBI	lactose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68371	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68371	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction	from API Coryne
118882	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
118882	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	respiration
118882	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68371		Potassium 2-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371		Potassium 5-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28017 ChEBI	starch	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68371	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	32528 ChEBI	turanose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API Coryne
68371	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test	Methylred-test
118882	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-
118882	17234 ChEBI	glucose		-

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
118882	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68379	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API Coryne
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	+	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68379	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API Coryne
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
68382	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API zym
68379	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API Coryne
68382	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68379	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API Coryne
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
68379	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API Coryne
118882	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
68379	catalase	-	1.11.1.6	from API Coryne
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	-		from API zym
68379	gelatinase	-		from API Coryne
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
118882	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68379	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API Coryne
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
118882	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
118882	oxidase	-
68379	pyrazinamidase	-	3.5.1.B15	from API Coryne
68379	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	-	3.4.19.3	from API Coryne
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
68379	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API Coryne
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

API coryne

@ref	Reduction of nitrateNIT	PYZ	PYRA	PAL	beta GUR	beta GAL	alpha GLU	beta NAG	ESC	URE	GEL	Control fermentationControl	GLU	RIB	XYL	MAN	MAL	LAC	SAC	GLYG	CAT
47415	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	not determinedn.d.	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
118882	-	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-

API 50CHac

@ref	ControlQ	GLY	ERY	DARA	LARA	RIB	DXYL	LXYL	ADO	MDX	GAL	GLU	FRU	MNE	SBE	RHA	DUL	INO	MAN	SOR	MDM	MDG	NAG	AMY	ARB	ESC	SAL	CEL	MAL	LAC	MEL	SAC	TRE	INU	MLZ	RAF	AMD	GLYG	XLT	GEN	TUR	LYX	TAG	DFUC	LFUC	DARL	LARL	GNT	2KG	5KG
8504	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+/-	+	+/-	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
8504	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
118882	not determinedn.d.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence JX986966 (>99% sequence identity) for Lactobacillus delbrueckii from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	6667
Soil Samples	2030
Animal Samples	50988
Plant Samples	973
Total Samples	60658

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
8504	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
118882	1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM2470191v1 assembly for Lactobacillus leichmannii JCM 1148	contig	GCA_024701915	28039.4	8047619631	28039	67.78
66792	ASM2113439v1 assembly for Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis NCIMB 8183	scaffold	GCA_021134395	29397.130		29397	56.76
66792	ASM2113449v1 assembly for Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis DSM 20076	scaffold	GCA_021134495	29397.135		29397	44.26

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
20218	Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis genes for 16S rRNA, 16S-23S intergenic spacer region, 23S rRNA, partial and complete sequence, strain:ATCC 4797	AB092635	690	29397
20218	Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 4797 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AF429504	502	1584
20218	Lactobacillus delbrueckii strain ATCC 4797 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; 16S-23S intergenic spacer, complete sequence; and 23S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AF429591	538	1584
67770	Lactobacillus leichmannii 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	JX986966	1479	28039

GC content

8504

GC-content (mol%)50.8

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis NCIMB 8183
NCBI: GCA_021134395

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	87.30	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	54.80	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	negative	71.60	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	obligate anaerobe	94.60	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis NCIMB 8183
NCBI: GCA_021134395.1

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	94.25	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	78.01	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	97.74	no
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	88.83	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	95.00	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	95.50	no

Literature

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	Bacteriocin-Producing Enterococcus faecium LCW 44: A High Potential Probiotic Candidate from Raw Camel Milk.	Vimont A, Fernandez B, Hammami R, Ababsa A, Daba H, Fliss I.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2017.00865	2017
	Spectrofluorimetric assessment of bacterial cell membrane damage by pulsed electric field	Unal R, Yousef AE, Dunne CP.	Innovative food science & emerging technologies : IFSET : the official scientific journal of the European Federation of Food Science and Technology.	10.1016/s1466-8564(02)00033-4	2002
Metabolism	The corrinoid cofactor of reductive dehalogenases affects dechlorination rates and extents in organohalide-respiring Dehalococcoides mccartyi.	Yan J, Simsir B, Farmer AT, Bi M, Yang Y, Campagna SR, Loffler FE.	ISME J	10.1038/ismej.2015.197	2016
	Effects of sodium chloride on the dosage-response curve of Lactobacillus leichmannii to vitamin B12.	CORBETT JJ.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.64.6.889-890.1952	1952
	Protective effect of adonitol on lactic acid bacteria subjected to freeze-drying.	de Valdez GF, de Giori GS, de Ruiz Holgado AA, Oliver G.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.45.1.302-304.1983	1983
Metabolism	Production of vitamin B12 by Micromonospora.	Wagman GH, Gannon RD, Weinstein MJ.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.17.4.648-649.1969	1969
	The use of potassium cyanide in the lactobacillus leichmannii assay for vitamin B12.	SOARS MH, HENDLIN D.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.62.1.15-17.1951	1951
Pathogenicity	Microbiological assay of vitamin B12 with a mutant strain of Escherichia coli.	CHIAO JS, PETERSON WH.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.1.1.42-46.1953	1953
Cultivation	The nutritional requirements of Lactobacillus bifidus and Lactobacillus leichmannii.	SKEGGS HR, DRISCOLL CA, TAYLOR HN, WRIGHT LD.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.65.6.733-738.1953	1953
Metabolism	Reciprocal replacement of oleic acid and CO2 in the nutrition of the minute streptococci and Lactobacillus leichmannii.	DEIBEL RH, NIVEN CF.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.70.2.134-140.1955	1955
Metabolism	Further studies on the binding of vitamin B 12 to the cell wall of a B 12 -requiring Lactobacillus.	Sasaki T.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.109.1.169-178.1972	1972
	The effect of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole and related compounds on the growth of Lactobacillus lactis Dorner.	HENDLIN D, SOARS MH.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.62.5.633-638.1951	1951
Pathogenicity	Relationship between vitamin B12 oxidation product and sodium chloride toxicity for lactobacilli.	HENDLIN D, WALL JC.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.67.1.38-40.1954	1954
Metabolism	Cloning, expression, and nucleotide sequence of the Lactobacillus helveticus 481 gene encoding the bacteriocin helveticin J.	Joerger MC, Klaenhammer TR.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.172.11.6339-6347.1990	1990
Cultivation	Studies on vitamin B12 production with Streptomyces olivaceus.	HALL HH, BENEDICT RG, WIESEN CF, SMITH CE, JACKSON RW.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.1.3.124-129.1953	1953
	Some observations on the measurement of binding of cyanocobalamin by intrinsic factor preparations.	GREGORY ME, HOLDSWORTH ES.	Biochem J	10.1042/bj0660456	1957
Enzymology	Aldolase of lactic acid bacteria: a case history in the use of an enzyme as an evolutionary marker.	London J, Kline K.	Bacteriol Rev	10.1128/br.37.4.453-478.1973	1973
	Vitamin B12 and related factors: a clinical and experimental review.	GIRDWOOD RH.	Edinb Med J		1950
Metabolism	Purine and pyrimidine requirements of Lactobacillus leichmannii in the presence of vitamin B12 or thymidine.	DOWNING M, ROSE IA, SCHWEIGERT BS.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.64.1.141-143.1952	1952
	Preparation of 6-Azido-2-Chloropurine-2'-Deoxyriboside by Enzymatic Transglycosylation Reaction Catalyzed by Lactobacillus leichmannii Type II Nucleoside Deoxyribosyltransferase.	Alexeev CS, Konkina MA, Kurochkin NN, Drenichev MS.	Dokl Biochem Biophys	10.1134/s160767292560040x	2025
	Bacillus mojavensis isolated from aguamiel and its potential as a probiotic bacterium	Martinez-Ortiz VM, Trujillo-Lopez MA, El-Kassis EG, Bautista-Rodriguez E, Kirchmayr M, Hernandez-Carranza P, Perez Armendariz B.	Electron J Biotechnol		2024
	Biocatalytic synthesis of ribonucleoside analogues using nucleoside transglycosylase-2.	Salihovic A, Ascham A, Rosenqvist PS, Taladriz-Sender A, Hoskisson PA, Hodgson DRW, Grogan G, Burley GA.	Chem Sci	10.1039/d4sc07521h	2025
	Vitamin B₁₂ biosynthesis of Cetobacterium ceti isolated from the intestinal content of captive common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).	Suzuki A, Shirakata C, Anzai H, Sumiyama D, Suzuki M.	Microbiology (Reading)	10.1099/mic.0.001244	2022
	Gram-scale enzymatic synthesis of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside analogues using nucleoside transglycosylase-2.	Salihovic A, Ascham A, Taladriz-Sender A, Bryson S, Withers JM, McKean IJW, Hoskisson PA, Grogan G, Burley GA.	Chem Sci	10.1039/d4sc04938a	2024
	Preparation of nucleoside analogues: opportunities for innovation at the interface of synthetic chemistry and biocatalysis.	Salihovic A, Taladriz-Sender A, Burley GA.	Chem Sci	10.1039/d5sc03026a	2025
	Enhanced vitamin B₁₂ production by isolated Bacillus strains with the application of response surface methodology.	Abdel-Baki RMM, Ahmed MN, Barakat OS, Khalafalla GM.	BMC Biotechnol	10.1186/s12896-024-00919-5	2024
Enzymology	Aspergillus foetidus as a potent producer for beta-galactosidase utilizing lemon peels and coffee waste powder: production optimization, purification, kinetic and thermodynamic characterization.	Wahab WAA, Saleh SAA, Elzairy NH, Ahmed SA, Zaki ER, Salama WH, Mostafa FA.	Microb Cell Fact	10.1186/s12934-024-02600-0	2024
	Reaction mechanism of nucleoside 2'-deoxyribosyltransferases: free-energy landscape supports an oxocarbenium ion as the reaction intermediate.	Del Arco J, Perona A, Gonzalez L, Fernandez-Lucas J, Gago F, Sanchez-Murcia PA.	Org Biomol Chem	10.1039/c9ob01315f	2019
Enzymology	Isolation and Characterization of Engineered Nucleoside Deoxyribosyltransferase with Enhanced Activity Toward 2'-Fluoro-2'-Deoxynucleoside.	Yoo YJ, Choi KH, Kim BK, Choi SS, Kim ES.	J Microbiol Biotechnol	10.4014/jmb.2204.04041	2022
	Molecular evolution of nucleoside deoxyribosyl transferase to enhance the activity toward 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxynucleoside.	Yang SB, Yoo YJ, Choi K, Kim B, Choi SS, Kang SH, Kim ES.	J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1093/jimb/kuaf005	2024
	Functional characterization of vitamin B₁₂ from an extremophile-Pseudomonas alcaliphila and assessment of its microbial chassis potential.	Venkatesan SN, Sankaranarayanan M, Loganathan K.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2025.1654548	2025
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Metabolism	Association Between Dietary Intake and Blood Concentrations of One-Carbon-Metabolism-Related Nutrients in European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.	Park JY, Van Puyvelde H, Regazzetti L, Clasen JL, Heath AK, Eussen S, Ueland PM, Johansson M, Biessy C, Zamora-Ros R, Huerta JM, Sanchez MJ, Ocke M, Schulze MB, Schiborn C, Braaten TB, Skeie G, Sacerdote C, Castilla J, Karlsson T, Johansson I, Kyro C, Tjonneland A, Tong TYN, Katzke V, Bajracharya R, Lasheras C, Midttun O, Vollset SE, Vineis P, Masala G, Amiano P, Tumino R, Baldassari I, Weiderpass E, Riboli E, Gunter MJ, Freisling H, Rinaldi S, Muller DC, Huybrechts I, Ferrari P.	Nutrients	10.3390/nu17121970	2025
	Inorganic Cyanide as Protecting Group in the Stereospecific Reconstitution of Vitamin B₁₂ from an Artificial Green Secocorrinoid.	Prieto L, Neuburger M, Spingler B, Zelder F.	Org Lett	10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02611	2016
Enzymology	Direct coupling of lactate oxidation with butyryl-CoA formation via a canonical electron transfer flavoprotein in Fusobacterium nucleatum.	Do LTM, Godin R, Wolthers KR.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/j.jbc.2025.110796	2025
	Exploring the Role of Green Microbes in Sustainable Bioproduction of Biodegradable Polymers.	Akinsemolu A, Onyeaka H.	Polymers (Basel)	10.3390/polym15234617	2023
Enzymology	An Expedient Synthesis of Flexible Nucleosides through Enzymatic Glycosylation of Proximal and Distal Fleximer Bases.	Vichier-Guerre S, Ku TC, Pochet S, Seley-Radtke KL.	Chembiochem	10.1002/cbic.201900714	2020
	Implications and Mechanisms of Antiviral Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Systematic Review.	Farahmandi F, Parhizgar P, Mozafari Komesh Tape P, Bizhannia F, Rohani FS, Bizhanzadeh M, Mostafavi Alhosseini ZS, Hosseinzade M, Farsi Y, Nasiri MJ.	Int J Microbiol	10.1155/2023/9298363	2023
	Optimization of Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B₁₂) Sorption onto Mesoporous Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.	Flieger J, Zuk N, Pasieczna-Patkowska S, Flieger M, Panek R, Klepka T, Franus W.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules29092094	2024
	Enzymatic Transglycosylation Features in Synthesis of 8-Aza-7-Deazapurine Fleximer Nucleosides by Recombinant E. coli PNP: Synthesis and Structure Determination of Minor Products.	Eletskaya BZ, Mironov AF, Fateev IV, Berzina MY, Antonov KV, Smirnova OS, Zatsepina AB, Arnautova AO, Abramchik YA, Paramonov AS, Kayushin AL, Khandazhinskaya AL, Matyugina ES, Kochetkov SN, Miroshnikov AI, Mikhailopulo IA, Esipov RS, Konstantinova ID.	Biomolecules	10.3390/biom14070798	2024
	Prevalent low Mediterranean diet adherence and low folate status in a Spanish Km 0 Mediterranean coast population.	Eigbefoh-Addeh A, Salas-Huetos A, Ramos-Rodriguez C, Ceruelo S, Rios L, Ueland PM, Meyer K, Fernandez-Ballart JD, Murphy MM.	Curr Res Food Sci	10.1016/j.crfs.2025.101217	2025
Enzymology	Investigating the intermediates in the reaction of ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii: An application of HF EPR-RFQ technology.	Manzerova J, Krymov V, Gerfen GJ.	J Magn Reson	10.1016/j.jmr.2011.08.030	2011
Enzymology	Non-host class II ribonucleotide reductase in Thermus viruses: sequence adaptation and host interaction.	Loderer C, Holmfeldt K, Lundin D.	PeerJ	10.7717/peerj.6700	2019
	Vitamin B12 Status before and after Outpatient Treatment of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 6-59 Months: A Sub-Study of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Burkina Faso.	Nikiema V, Kangas ST, Salpeteur C, Briend A, Talley L, Friis H, Ritz C, Nexo E, McCann A.	Nutrients	10.3390/nu15163496	2023
	Recombinant Pseudomonas growing on non-natural fluorinated substrates shows stress but overall tolerance to cytoplasmically released fluoride anion.	Dodge AG, Thoma CJ, O'Connor MR, Wackett LP.	mBio	10.1128/mbio.02785-23	2024
	Plasma Cotinine Is Positively Associated with Homocysteine in Smokers but Not in Users of Smokeless Tobacco.	Soderstrom E, Nilsson TK, Schneede J, Ueland PM, Midttun O, Gylling B, Johansson I, Hultdin J.	Int J Environ Res Public Health	10.3390/ijerph182111365	2021
	Vitamin B12 and Folate Status in Pregnant Females and Their Infants in Norway: Secondary Analysis from the Mommy's Food Study.	G Bjorkevoll SM, Konijnenberg C, Kvestad I, McCann A, Ueland PM, Naess Sleire S, Dahl L, Kjellevold M, Strand TA, Markhus MW.	J Nutr	10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.013	2023
Enzymology	Analysis of insertions and extensions in the functional evolution of the ribonucleotide reductase family.	Burnim AA, Xu D, Spence MA, Jackson CJ, Ando N.	Protein Sci	10.1002/pro.4483	2022
Metabolism	Molecular Basis of NDT-Mediated Activation of Nucleoside-Based Prodrugs and Application in Suicide Gene Therapy.	Acosta J, Perez E, Sanchez-Murcia PA, Fillat C, Fernandez-Lucas J.	Biomolecules	10.3390/biom11010120	2021
Metabolism	In vivo reshaping the catalytic site of nucleoside 2'-deoxyribosyltransferase for dideoxy- and didehydronucleosides via a single amino acid substitution.	Kaminski PA, Dacher P, Dugue L, Pochet S.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.m802706200	2008
	Cobalamin and folate status in women during early pregnancy in Bhaktapur, Nepal.	Schwinger C, Sharma S, Chandyo RK, Hysing M, Kvestad I, Ulak M, Ranjitkar S, Shrestha M, Shrestha LP, McCann A, Ueland PM, Strand TA.	J Nutr Sci	10.1017/jns.2021.53	2021
Metabolism	Association of Plasma Total Cysteine and Anthropometric Status in 6-30 Months Old Indian Children.	Schwinger C, Chowdhury R, Sharma S, Bhandari N, Taneja S, Ueland PM, Strand TA.	Nutrients	10.3390/nu12103146	2020
Enzymology	Characterization of N-deoxyribosyltransferase from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.	Miyamoto Y, Masaki T, Chohnan S.	Biochim Biophys Acta	10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.08.008	2007
Enzymology	Solution structure of the nucleotide hydrolase BlsM: Implication of its substrate specificity.	Kang M, Doddapaneni K, Sarni S, Heppner Z, Wysocki V, Wu Z.	Protein Sci	10.1002/pro.3812	2020
	The enzymatic activation of coenzyme B12.	Brown KL.	Dalton Trans	10.1039/b517599m	2006
	Nutrients, Phytochemicals and In Vitro Disease Prevention of Nephelium hypoleucum Kurz Fruit.	Luu LK, Thangsiri S, Sahasakul Y, Aursalung A, Inthachat W, Temviriyanukul P, On-Nom N, Chupeerach C, Suttisansanee U.	Nutrients	10.3390/nu15040950	2023
Metabolism	Green Production of Cladribine by Using Immobilized 2'-Deoxyribosyltransferase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii Stabilized through a Double Covalent/Entrapment Technology.	Rivero CW, Garcia NS, Fernandez-Lucas J, Betancor L, Romanelli GP, Trelles JA.	Biomolecules	10.3390/biom11050657	2021
Metabolism	Association of Maternal Plasma Total Cysteine and Growth among Infants in Nepal: A Cohort Study.	Arora N, Strand TA, Chandyo RK, Elshorbagy A, Shrestha L, Ueland PM, Ulak M, Schwinger C.	Nutrients	10.3390/nu12092849	2020
	Vitamin D status in early childhood is not associated with cognitive development and linear growth at 6-9 years of age in North Indian children: a cohort study.	Chowdhury R, Taneja S, Kvestad I, Hysing M, Bhandari N, Strand TA.	Nutr J	10.1186/s12937-020-00530-2	2020
	Dietary Intake and Biomarkers of Folate and Cobalamin Status in Norwegian Preschool Children: The FINS-KIDS Study.	Solvik BS, Strand TA, Kvestad I, Markhus MW, Ueland PM, McCann A, Oyen J.	J Nutr	10.1093/jn/nxaa111	2020
Metabolism	Euglena gracilis ribonucleotide reductase: the eukaryote class II enzyme and the possible antiquity of eukaryote B12 dependence.	Torrents E, Trevisiol C, Rotte C, Hellman U, Martin W, Reichard P.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.m512962200	2006
	Associations of atrophic gastritis and proton-pump inhibitor drug use with vitamin B-12 status, and the impact of fortified foods, in older adults.	Porter KM, Hoey L, Hughes CF, Ward M, Clements M, Strain J, Cunningham C, Casey MC, Tracey F, O'Kane M, Pentieva K, McAnena L, McCarroll K, Laird E, Molloy AM, McNulty H.	Am J Clin Nutr	10.1093/ajcn/nqab193	2021
	Influence of the densities and nutritional components of bacterial colonies on the culture-enriched gut bacterial community structure.	Gu Y, Yan D, Wu M, Li M, Li P, Wang J, Chang Y, Yang F, Di S, Ni S, Yang M, Liu J.	AMB Express	10.1186/s13568-021-01240-6	2021
	Efficient Biocatalytic Synthesis of Dihalogenated Purine Nucleoside Analogues Applying Thermodynamic Calculations.	Yehia H, Westarp S, Rohrs V, Kaspar F, Giessmann RT, Klare HFT, Paulick K, Neubauer P, Kurreck J, Wagner A.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules25040934	2020
	Effect of a Nutrient-Rich, Food-Based Supplement Given to Rural Vietnamese Mothers Prior to or during Pregnancy on the Trajectories of Nutrient Biomarkers.	Goletzke J, Nga HT, Quyen PN, Ngu T, King JC.	Nutrients	10.3390/nu12102913	2020
	Ubiquitous, B₁₂-dependent virioplankton utilizing ribonucleotide-triphosphate reductase demonstrate interseasonal dynamics and associate with a diverse range of bacterial hosts in the pelagic ocean.	Wu LY, Piedade GJ, Moore RM, Harrison AO, Martins AM, Bidle KD, Polson SW, Sakowski EG, Nissimov JI, Dums JT, Ferrell BD, Wommack KE.	ISME Commun	10.1038/s43705-023-00306-9	2023
Metabolism	Lemon Exosome-like Nanoparticles-Manipulated Probiotics Protect Mice from C. d iff Infection.	Lei C, Mu J, Teng Y, He L, Xu F, Zhang X, Sundaram K, Kumar A, Sriwastva MK, Lawrenz MB, Zhang L, Yan J, Feng W, McClain CJ, Zhang X, Zhang HG.	iScience	10.1016/j.isci.2020.101571	2020
	Maternal B-vitamin and vitamin D status before, during, and after pregnancy and the influence of supplementation preconception and during pregnancy: Prespecified secondary analysis of the NiPPeR double-blind randomized controlled trial.	Godfrey KM, Titcombe P, El-Heis S, Albert BB, Tham EH, Barton SJ, Kenealy T, Chong MF, Nield H, Chong YS, Chan SY, Cutfield WS, NiPPeR Study Group.	PLoS Med	10.1371/journal.pmed.1004260	2023
Metabolism	A 2-Year Randomized Controlled Trial With Low-Dose B-Vitamin Supplementation Shows Benefits on Bone Mineral Density in Adults With Lower B12 Status.	Clements M, Heffernan M, Ward M, Hoey L, Doherty LC, Hack Mendes R, Clarke MM, Hughes CF, Love I, Murphy S, McDermott E, Grehan J, McCann A, McAnena LB, Strain JJ, Brennan L, McNulty H.	J Bone Miner Res	10.1002/jbmr.4709	2022
Enzymology	Purification and characterization of dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Rao KN.	Indian J Biochem Biophys		2000
Enzymology	Purification and characterization of a corrinoid compound from Chlorella tablets as an algal health food.	Kittaka-Katsura H, Fujita T, Watanabe F, Nakano Y.	J Agric Food Chem	10.1021/jf020345w	2002
Metabolism	The expanding world of DNA and RNA.	Chen T, Hongdilokkul N, Liu Z, Thirunavukarasu D, Romesberg FE.	Curr Opin Chem Biol	10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.08.001	2016
Enzymology	Solution structure and thermolysis of Cobeta-5'-deoxyadenosylimidazolylcobamide, a coenzyme B12 analogue with an imidazole axial nucleoside.	Brown KL, Zou X, Banka RR, Perry CB, Marques HM.	Inorg Chem	10.1021/ic040079z	2004
	Cobalamin and Folate Status among Breastfed Infants in Bhaktapur, Nepal.	Chandyo RK, Ulak M, Kvestad I, Hysing M, Shrestha M, Ranjitkar S, Ulvik A, Ueland PM, Shrestha L, Strand TA.	Nutrients	10.3390/nu10050639	2018
Metabolism	Solution structure, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic reactivity of 3-isoadenosylcobalamin, a structural isomer of coenzyme B12 with surprising coenzymic activity.	Brown KL, Zou X, Chen G, Xia Z, Marques HM.	J Inorg Biochem	10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2003.10.016	2004
Enzymology	Reversible inhibition by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and irreversible inactivation by urea and guanidine hydrochloride of thymidylate synthase from Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Rao KN.	Indian J Biochem Biophys		1998
Enzymology	The crystal structure of class II ribonucleotide reductase reveals how an allosterically regulated monomer mimics a dimer.	Sintchak MD, Arjara G, Kellogg BA, Stubbe J, Drennan CL.	Nat Struct Biol	10.1038/nsb774	2002
Metabolism	Epimerization at carbon-5' of (5'R)-[5'-2H]adenosylcobalamin by ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase: cysteine 408-independent cleavage of the Co-C5' bond.	Chen D, Abend A, Stubbe J, Frey PA.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi030018x	2003
Metabolism	The function of adenosylcobalamin in the mechanism of ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Lawrence CC, Stubbe J.	Curr Opin Chem Biol	10.1016/s1367-5931(98)80097-5	1998
Metabolism	Binding of Cob(II)alamin to the adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii. Identification of dimethylbenzimidazole as the axial ligand.	Lawrence CC, Gerfen GJ, Samano V, Nitsche R, Robins MJ, Retey J, Stubbe J.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.274.11.7039	1999
Genetics	Comparative Genomics Guides Elucidation of Vitamin B₁₂ Biosynthesis in Novel Human-Associated Akkermansia Strains.	Kirmiz N, Galindo K, Cross KL, Luna E, Rhoades N, Podar M, Flores GE.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02117-19	2020
Metabolism	NMR observations of 13C-enriched coenzyme B12 bound to the ribonucleotide reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Brown KL, Li J, Zou X.	Inorg Chem	10.1021/ic061385a	2006
Metabolism	Hydrogen abstraction from thiols by adenosyl radicals: chemical precedent for thiyl radical formation, the first catalytic step in ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Sirovatka JM, Finke RG.	J Inorg Biochem	10.1016/s0162-0134(99)00224-x	2000
Metabolism	Thermolysis of coenzymes B12 at physiological temperatures: activation parameters for cobalt-carbon bond homolysis and a quantitative analysis of the perturbation of the homolysis equilibrium by the ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Brown KL, Zou X.	J Inorg Biochem	10.1016/s0162-0134(99)00190-7	1999
Enzymology	Characterization of vitamin B12 compounds from edible shellfish, clam, oyster, and mussel.	Watanabe F, Katsura H, Takenaka S, Enomoto T, Miyamoto E, Nakatsuka T, Nakano Y.	Int J Food Sci Nutr	10.1080/09637480020027000-3-6	2001
Enzymology	A unique cysteine-rich zinc finger domain present in a majority of class II ribonucleotide reductases mediates catalytic turnover.	Loderer C, Jonna VR, Crona M, Rozman Grinberg I, Sahlin M, Hofer A, Lundin D, Sjoberg BM.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.m117.806331	2017
Enzymology	Adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii. Rapid, improved purification involving dGTP-based affinity chromatography plus biophysical characterization studies demonstrating enhanced, "crystallographic level" purity.	Suto RK, Whalen MA, Finke RG.	Prep Biochem Biotechnol	10.1080/10826069908544929	1999
Metabolism	Preparative 2'-reduction of ATP catalyzed by ribonucleotide reductase purified by liquid-liquid extraction.	Brunella A, Abrantes M, Ghisalba O.	Biosci Biotechnol Biochem	10.1271/bbb.64.1836	2000
	A calcium channel blocker nifedipine distorts the effects of nano-zinc oxide on metal metabolism in the marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus.	Falfushynska H, Gnatyshyna L, Horyn O, Shulgai A, Stoliar O.	Saudi J Biol Sci	10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.10.004	2019
Metabolism	Enzymatic activity of coenzyme B(12) derivatives with altered axial nucleotides: probing the mechanochemical triggering hypothesis in ribonucleotide reductase.	Brown KL, Zou X, Li J, Chen G.	Inorg Chem	10.1021/ic010796i	2001
	Risk factors of anaemia and iron deficiency in Somali children and women: Findings from the 2019 Somalia Micronutrient Survey.	Wirth JP, Sesay F, Mbai J, Ali SI, Donkor WES, Woodruff BA, Pilane Z, Mohamud KM, Muse A, Yussuf HO, Mohamed WS, Veraguth R, Rezzi S, Williams TN, Mohamoud AM, Mohamud FM, Galvin M, Rohner F, Katambo Y, Petry N.	Matern Child Nutr	10.1111/mcn.13254	2022
Enzymology	Rapid purification and characterization of two distinct N-deoxyribosyltransferases of Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Becker J, Brendel M.	Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler	10.1515/bchm3.1996.377.6.357	1996
Metabolism	Inactivation of Lactobacillus leichmannii ribonucleotide reductase by 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: adenosylcobalamin destruction and formation of a nucleotide-based radical.	Lohman GJ, Gerfen GJ, Stubbe J.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi9021318	2010
Enzymology	Gemcitabine 5'-triphosphate is a stoichiometric mechanism-based inhibitor of Lactobacillus leichmannii ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase: evidence for thiyl radical-mediated nucleotide radical formation.	Silva DJ, Stubbe J, Samano V, Robins MJ.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi972934e	1998
Pathogenicity	Effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on neurodevelopment and growth in Nepalese Infants: A randomized controlled trial.	Strand TA, Ulak M, Hysing M, Ranjitkar S, Kvestad I, Shrestha M, Ueland PM, McCann A, Shrestha PS, Shrestha LS, Chandyo RK.	PLoS Med	10.1371/journal.pmed.1003430	2020
	Inhibition of thymidylate synthase by pergularinine, tylophorinidine and deoxytubulosine.	Rao KN, Bhattacharya RK, Veankatachalam SR.	Indian J Biochem Biophys		1999
Metabolism	Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase and cell growth activity by the phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids pergularinine and tylophorinidine: the in vitro cytotoxicity of these plant alkaloids and their potential as antimicrobial and anticancer agents.	Rao KN, Venkatachalam SR.	Toxicol In Vitro	10.1016/s0887-2333(99)00092-2	2000
Enzymology	Molecular cloning and characterization of the pyrB gene of Lactobacillus leichmannii encoding aspartate transcarbamylase.	Becker J, Brendel M.	Biochimie	10.1016/0300-9084(96)81323-x	1996
	Biological activity of hydroxo-vitamin B12 degradation product formed during microwave heating.	Watanabe F, Abe K, Katsura H, Takenaka S, Mazumder SAMZH, Yamaji R, Ebara S, Fujita T, Tanimori S, Kirihata M.	J Agric Food Chem	10.1021/jf980727v	1998
	Cloning, sequencing, and characterizing the Lactobacillus leichmannii pyrC gene encoding dihydroorotase.	Schenk-Groninger R, Becker J, Brendel M.	Biochimie	10.1016/0300-9084(96)88135-1	1995
	Pseudovitamin B(12) is the predominant cobamide of an algal health food, spirulina tablets.	Watanabe F, Katsura H, Takenaka S, Fujita T, Abe K, Tamura Y, Nakatsuka T, Nakano Y.	J Agric Food Chem	10.1021/jf990541b	1999
Metabolism	One-carbon metabolite ratios as functional B-vitamin markers and in relation to colorectal cancer risk.	Gylling B, Myte R, Ulvik A, Ueland PM, Midttun O, Schneede J, Hallmans G, Haggstrom J, Johansson I, Van Guelpen B, Palmqvist R.	Int J Cancer	10.1002/ijc.31606	2019
Enzymology	Molecular characterization of the xerC gene of Lactobacillus leichmannii encoding a site-specific recombinase and two adjacent heat shock genes.	Becker J, Brendel M.	Curr Microbiol	10.1007/s002849900042	1996
Metabolism	Dihydrofolate reductase and cell growth activity inhibition by the beta-carboline-benzoquinolizidine plant alkaloid deoxytubulosine from Alangium lamarckii: its potential as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent.	Rao KN, Venkatachalam SR.	Bioorg Med Chem	10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00262-4	1999
	Dried green and purple lavers (Nori) contain substantial amounts of biologically active vitamin B(12) but less of dietary iodine relative to other edible seaweeds.	Watanabe F, Takenaka S, Katsura H, Masumder SA, Abe K, Tamura Y, Nakano Y.	J Agric Food Chem	10.1021/jf981065c	1999
Enzymology	Biochemical and structural studies of two tetrameric nucleoside 2'-deoxyribosyltransferases from psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria: Insights into cold-adaptation.	Fernandez-Lucas J, Acebron I, Wu RY, Alfaro Y, Acosta J, Kaminski PA, Arroyo M, Joachimiak A, Nocek BP, De la Mata I, Mancheno JM.	Int J Biol Macromol	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.164	2021
Enzymology	Folylpolyglutamate synthetase in Lactobacillus leichmannii: in vitro synthesis and characterization of polyglutamylfolates.	Nair CP, Noronha JM.	Indian J Biochem Biophys		1994
Metabolism	De Novo Cobalamin Biosynthesis, Transport, and Assimilation and Cobalamin-Mediated Regulation of Methionine Biosynthesis in Mycobacterium smegmatis.	Kipkorir T, Mashabela GT, de Wet TJ, Koch A, Dawes SS, Wiesner L, Mizrahi V, Warner DF.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.00620-20	2021
Metabolism	Selenocysteine Substitution in a Class I Ribonucleotide Reductase.	Greene BL, Stubbe J, Nocera DG.	Biochemistry	10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00973	2019
Enzymology	Pteroyl- and tetrahydropteroylpolyglutamate effects on the catalytic activity of thymidylate synthase from Lactobacillus leichmannii: a novel method for determining gamma-glutamyl chain lengths of the folylpolyglutamates.	Rao KN.	Indian J Biochem Biophys		1994
	The appropriateness of using cyanocobalamin as calibration standards in Lactobacillus leichmannii A.T.C.C. 7830 assay of vitamin B12	Muhammad K, Briggs D, Jones G.	Food Chem	10.1016/0308-8146(93)90330-i	1993
Enzymology	Physico-chemical properties of thymidylate synthase from Lactobacillus leichmannii: thiol groups, amino acid composition and the terminal end-groups.	Rao KN.	Indian J Biochem Biophys		1994
Enzymology	Selenocysteine substitutions in thiyl radical enzymes.	Caceres JC, Bailey CA, Yokoyama K, Greene BL.	Methods Enzymol	10.1016/bs.mie.2021.10.014	2022
Metabolism	Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on carbon-cobalt bond homolysis by ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase: the importance of entropy in catalysis.	Licht SS, Lawrence CC, Stubbe J.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi981886a	1999
Enzymology	Thymidylate synthase activity and the cell growth are inhibited by the beta-carboline-benzoquinolizidine alkaloid deoxytubulosine.	Rao KN, Bhattacharya RK, Venkatachalam SR.	J Biochem Mol Toxicol	10.1002/(sici)1099-0461(1998)12:3<167::aid-jbt5>3.0.co;2-j	1998
Metabolism	Allosteric control of three B12-dependent (class II) ribonucleotide reductases. Implications for the evolution of ribonucleotide reduction.	Eliasson R, Pontis E, Jordan A, Reichard P.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.274.11.7182	1999
Metabolism	Cobalamin is present in cells of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, but not in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.	Minias A, Gasior F, Brzostek A, Jagielski T, Dziadek J.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-021-91430-w	2021
Pathogenicity	Inhibition of thymidylate synthase and cell growth by the phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids pergularinine and tylophorinidine.	Rao KN, Bhattacharya RK, Venkatachalam SR.	Chem Biol Interact	10.1016/s0009-2797(97)00065-3	1997
Enzymology	Purification, relative molecular mass and subunits of thymidylate synthase from Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Rao KN.	Indian J Biochem Biophys		1993
Metabolism	Studies on the catalysis of carbon-cobalt bond homolysis by ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase: evidence for concerted carbon-cobalt bond homolysis and thiyl radical formation.	Licht SS, Booker S, Stubbe J.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi981885i	1999
	Comparison of a competitive binding assay with Lactobacillus leichmannii A.T.C.C. 7830 assay for the determination of vitamin B12 in foods	Muhammad K, Briggs D, Jones G.	Food Chem	10.1016/0308-8146(93)90331-9	1993
Enzymology	Ternary complex formation with 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate and the kinetic properties of thymidylate synthase from Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Rao KN.	Indian J Biochem Biophys		1993
	The Rise of Radicals in Bioinorganic Chemistry.	Gray HB, Winkler JR.	Isr J Chem	10.1002/ijch.201600069	2016
Metabolism	Thiyl radicals in ribonucleotide reductases.	Licht S, Gerfen GJ, Stubbe J.	Science	10.1126/science.271.5248.477	1996
Enzymology	An indirect role of vitamin B12 in regulation of thymidylate synthase in Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Nair CP, Noronha JM.	Indian J Exp Biol		1991
	Synthesis, properties and microbiological activity of hydrophobic derivatives of vitamin B12.	Takahata Y, Nishizawa A, Kojima I, Yamanishi M, Toraya T.	J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)	10.3177/jnsv.41.515	1995
Pathogenicity	Impact of Pre-Pregnancy BMI on B Vitamin and Inflammatory Status in Early Pregnancy: An Observational Cohort Study.	Bjorke-Monsen AL, Ulvik A, Nilsen RM, Midttun O, Roth C, Magnus P, Stoltenberg C, Vollset SE, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Ueland PM.	Nutrients	10.3390/nu8120776	2016
	Characterization of lactobacilli by Southern-type hybridization with a Lactobacillus plantarum pyrDFE probe.	Bringel F, Curk MC, Hubert JC.	Int J Syst Bacteriol	10.1099/00207713-46-2-588	1996
	The effect of vitamin B₁₂ supplementation in Nepalese infants on growth and development: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.	Strand TA, Ulak M, Chandyo RK, Kvestad I, Hysing M, Shrestha M, Basnet S, Ranjitkar S, Shrestha L, Shrestha PS.	Trials	10.1186/s13063-017-1937-0	2017
	Cryo-preservation of Lactobacillus leichmannii for vitamin B12 microbiological assay.	Kelleher BP, Scott JM, O'Broin SD.	Med Lab Sci		1990
Metabolism	Vitamin B12 levels in ewe colostrum and milk and in lamb serum.	Ramos JJ, Saez T, Bueso JP, Sanz MC, Fernandez A.	Vet Res		1994
Metabolism	Is low iron status a risk factor for neural tube defects?	Molloy AM, Einri CN, Jain D, Laird E, Fan R, Wang Y, Scott JM, Shane B, Brody LC, Kirke PN, Mills JL.	Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol	10.1002/bdra.23223	2014
Metabolism	Use of beta-lactamase to hydrolyse interfering antibiotics in vitamin B12 microbiological assay using Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Kelleher BP, Scott JM, O'Broin SD.	Clin Lab Haematol	10.1111/j.1365-2257.1990.tb01114.x	1990
Enzymology	Crystallization and preliminary X-ray investigation of recombinant Lactobacillus leichmannii nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase.	Cook WJ, Short SA, Ealick SE.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39855-2	1990
	Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of South African Cashew Apple Juice as a Biofuel Feedstock.	Deenanath ED, Rumbold K, Daramola M, Falcon R, Iyuke S.	Scientifica (Cairo)	10.1155/2015/764196	2015
	Vitamin Status among Breastfed Infants in Bhaktapur, Nepal.	Ulak M, Chandyo RK, Thorne-Lyman AL, Henjum S, Ueland PM, Midttun O, Shrestha PS, Fawzi WW, Graybill L, Strand TA.	Nutrients	10.3390/nu8030149	2016
Metabolism	Lactobacillus reuteri 2'-deoxyribosyltransferase, a novel biocatalyst for tailoring of nucleosides.	Fernandez-Lucas J, Acebal C, Sinisterra JV, Arroyo M, de la Mata I.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01685-09	2010
	Antagonistic Compounds Produced by a Chicken Intestinal Strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus.	Juven BJ, Schved F, Lindner P.	J Food Prot	10.4315/0362-028x-55.3.157	1992
	Rich biotin content in lignocellulose biomass plays the key role in determining cellulosic glutamic acid accumulation by Corynebacterium glutamicum.	Wen J, Xiao Y, Liu T, Gao Q, Bao J.	Biotechnol Biofuels	10.1186/s13068-018-1132-x	2018
	Effect of a nutrient-rich, food-based supplement given to rural Vietnamese mothers prior to and/or during pregnancy on birth outcomes: A randomized controlled trial.	Nga HT, Quyen PN, Chaffee BW, Diep Anh NT, Ngu T, King JC.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0232197	2020
Enzymology	Inactivation of the ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii by 2'-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate: a 3'-2' hydrogen transfer during the formation of 3'-keto-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate.	Ashley GW, Harris G, Stubbe JA.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi00420a038	1988
Pathogenicity	The effects of vitamin B12 supplementation in pregnancy and postpartum on growth and neurodevelopment in early childhood: Study Protocol for a Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial.	Chandyo RK, Ulak M, Kvestad I, Shrestha M, Ranjitkar S, Basnet S, Hysing M, Shrestha L, Strand TA.	BMJ Open	10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016434	2017
Enzymology	Location of the redox-active thiols of ribonucleotide reductase: sequence similarity between the Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus leichmannii enzymes.	Lin AN, Ashley GW, Stubbe J.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi00396a006	1987
Enzymology	Inactivation of the Lactobacillus leichmannii ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase by 2'-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate: stoichiometry of inactivation, site of inactivation, and mechanism of the protein chromophore formation.	Ashley GW, Harris G, Stubbe J.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi00412a017	1988
Enzymology	Coenzyme B12-dependent ribonucleotide reductase: evidence for the participation of five cysteine residues in ribonucleotide reduction.	Booker S, Licht S, Broderick J, Stubbe J.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi00208a019	1994
Metabolism	Role of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine in growth of several microbial B12 requirers.	Baker H, Frank O, Baker ER, Hutner SH, DeAngelis B.	Life Sci	10.1016/0024-3205(91)90410-d	1991
Pathogenicity	Activity spectrum of colicins produced by Shigella sonnei and genetic mechanism of colicin resistance in conspecific S. sonnei strains and Escherichia coli.	Calcuttawala F, Hariharan C, Pazhani GP, Ghosh S, Ramamurthy T.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.04122-14	2015
Enzymology	2'-Deoxy-2'-halonucleotides as alternate substrates and mechanism-based inactivators of Lactobacillus leichmannii ribonucleotide reductase.	Harris G, Ashley GW, Robins MJ, Tolman RL, Stubbe J.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi00381a017	1987
Metabolism	Inactivation of Lactobacillus leichmannii ribonucleotide reductase by 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: covalent modification.	Lohman GJ, Stubbe J.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi902132u	2010
	Enhanced Formation of Methylglyoxal-Derived Advanced Glycation End Products in Arabidopsis Under Ammonium Nutrition.	Borysiuk K, Ostaszewska-Bugajska M, Vaultier MN, Hasenfratz-Sauder MP, Szal B.	Front Plant Sci	10.3389/fpls.2018.00667	2018
	Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus leichmannii and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Subjective Synonyms of Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and Description of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis comb. nov. and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus comb. nov.	Weiss N, Schillinger U, Kandler O.	Syst Appl Microbiol	10.1016/s0723-2020(83)80012-5	1983
	Spuriously high prevalence of prediabetes diagnosed by HbA(1c) in young indians partly explained by hematological factors and iron deficiency anemia.	Hardikar PS, Joshi SM, Bhat DS, Raut DA, Katre PA, Lubree HG, Jere A, Pandit AN, Fall CH, Yajnik CS.	Diabetes Care	10.2337/dc11-1321	2012
	Ethenoguanines undergo glycosylation by nucleoside 2'-deoxyribosyltransferases at non-natural sites.	Ye W, Paul D, Gao L, Seckute J, Sangaiah R, Jayaraj K, Zhang Z, Kaminski PA, Ealick SE, Gold A, Ball LM.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0115082	2014
	Solar-panel and parasol strategies shape the proteorhodopsin distribution pattern in marine Flavobacteriia.	Kumagai Y, Yoshizawa S, Nakajima Y, Watanabe M, Fukunaga T, Ogura Y, Hayashi T, Oshima K, Hattori M, Ikeuchi M, Kogure K, DeLong EF, Iwasaki W.	ISME J	10.1038/s41396-018-0058-4	2018
	Untangling the role of one-carbon metabolism in colorectal cancer risk: a comprehensive Bayesian network analysis.	Myte R, Gylling B, Haggstrom J, Schneede J, Magne Ueland P, Hallmans G, Johansson I, Palmqvist R, Van Guelpen B.	Sci Rep	10.1038/srep43434	2017
Metabolism	The mechanism of Lactobacillus leichmannii ribonucleotide reductase. Evidence for 3' carbon-hydrogen bond cleavage and a unique role for coenzyme B12.	Ashley GW, Harris G, Stubbe J.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35608-9	1986
	Mice lacking the transcobalamin-vitamin B12 receptor, CD320, suffer from anemia and reproductive deficits when fed vitamin B12-deficient diet.	Bernard DJ, Pangilinan FJ, Cheng J, Molloy AM, Brody LC.	Hum Mol Genet	10.1093/hmg/ddy267	2018
Phylogeny	Weissella confusa (basonym: Lactobacillus confusus) bacteremia: a case report.	Olano A, Chua J, Schroeder S, Minari A, La Salvia M, Hall G.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.39.4.1604-1607.2001	2001
Metabolism	Interaction of 3'-[3H]2'-Chloro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate with ribonucleotide reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Stubbe J, Smith G, Blakley RL.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33030-8	1983
	Maternal B vitamin status in pregnancy week 18 according to reported use of folic acid supplements.	Bjorke-Monsen AL, Roth C, Magnus P, Midttun O, Nilsen RM, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Stoltenberg C, Susser E, Vollset SE, Ueland PM.	Mol Nutr Food Res	10.1002/mnfr.201200114	2013
Enzymology	Glutaredoxin from rabbit bone marrow. Purification, characterization, and amino acid sequence determined by tandem mass spectrometry.	Hopper S, Johnson RS, Vath JE, Biemann K.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/s0021-9258(19)47081-6	1989
	Nutritional composition of raw fresh cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) kernels from different origin.	Rico R, Bullo M, Salas-Salvado J.	Food Sci Nutr	10.1002/fsn3.294	2016
	Determination of vitamin B12 in gruel by a radioisotope dilution assay.	Osterdahl BG, Janne K, Johansson E, Johnsson H.	Int J Vitam Nutr Res		1986
Enzymology	Aerobic degradation of choline by Proteus mirabilis: enzymatic requirements and pathway.	Sandhu SS, Chase T.	Can J Microbiol	10.1139/m86-135	1986
Enzymology	Mechanism of inactivation of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus leichmannii ribonucleotide reductases by 2'-chloro-2'-deoxynucleotides: evidence for generation of 2-methylene-3(2H)-furanone.	Harris G, Ator M, Stubbe J.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi00317a020	1984
Enzymology	On the mechanism of ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii. Evidence for 3' C--H bond cleavage.	Stubbe J, Ackles D, Segal R, Blakley RL.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69331-2	1981
	The diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency in sheep: comparison of serum vitamin B12 levels measured by a microbiological and a radioisotope dilution technique.	Mohammed R, Lamand M.	Ann Rech Vet		1985
Enzymology	Purification, characterization and revised amino acid sequence of a second thioredoxin from Corynebacterium nephridii.	McFarlan SC, Hogenkamp HP, Eccleston ED, Howard JB, Fuchs JA.	Eur J Biochem	10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14565.x	1989
	Determination of metabolically active B12 and inactive B12 analog titers in human blood using several microbial reagents and a radiodilution assay.	Baker H, Frank O, Khalil F, DeAngelis B, Hutner SH.	J Am Coll Nutr	10.1080/07315724.1986.10720150	1986
	Demonstration of vitamin B12 analogues in human sera not detected by microbiological assay.	Chanarin I, Muir M.	Br J Haematol	10.1111/j.1365-2141.1982.tb07301.x	1982
Metabolism	Intramolecular hydride transfer of a combined coenzyme-substrate analog by D- and L-lactate dehydrogenases.	Philipp R, Long GL, Trommer WE.	Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem	10.1515/bchm2.1984.365.2.877	1984
	Motor development related to duration of exclusive breastfeeding, B vitamin status and B12 supplementation in infants with a birth weight between 2000-3000 g, results from a randomized intervention trial.	Torsvik IK, Ueland PM, Markestad T, Midttun O, Bjorke Monsen AL.	BMC Pediatr	10.1186/s12887-015-0533-2	2015
Metabolism	Properties of a thioredoxin purified from rabbit bone marrow which fails to serve as a hydrogen donor for the homologous ribonucleotide reductase.	Hopper S, Iurlano D.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43935-4	1983
Enzymology	Mechanism of Lactobacillus leichmannii ribonucleotide reductase studied with Coalpha-[alpha-(Aden-9-yl)]-Cobeta-adenosylcobamide (Pseudocoenzyme B12) as coenzyme.	Blakley RL, Orme-Johnson WH, Bozdech JM.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi00578a031	1979
	The need for a sufficient number of low level sera in comparisons of different serum vitamin B12 assays.	Gijzen AH, de Kock HW, Meulendijk PN, Schmidt NA, Schopman W, Tertoolen JF, Voogd CE.	Clin Chim Acta	10.1016/s0009-8981(83)80003-5	1983
Enzymology	Biochemical Characterization of the Split Class II Ribonucleotide Reductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	Crona M, Hofer A, Astorga-Wells J, Sjoberg BM, Tholander F.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0134293	2015
	Is there a "gold standard" for human serum vitamin B12 assay?	Herbert V, Colman N, Palat D, Manusselis C, Drivas G, Block E, Akerkar A, Weaver D, Frenkel E.	J Lab Clin Med		1984
	Riboflavin status modifies the effects of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) polymorphisms on homocysteine.	Garcia-Minguillan CJ, Fernandez-Ballart JD, Ceruelo S, Rios L, Bueno O, Berrocal-Zaragoza MI, Molloy AM, Ueland PM, Meyer K, Murphy MM.	Genes Nutr	10.1007/s12263-014-0435-1	2014
Pathogenicity	Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Improve Gross Motor and Problem-Solving Skills in Young North Indian Children: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.	Kvestad I, Taneja S, Kumar T, Hysing M, Refsum H, Yajnik CS, Bhandari N, Strand TA, Folate and Vitamin B12 Study Group.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0129915	2015
	Cobalamin and folate status in 6 to 35 months old children presenting with acute diarrhea in Bhaktapur, Nepal.	Ulak M, Chandyo RK, Adhikari RK, Sharma PR, Sommerfelt H, Refsum H, Strand TA.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0090079	2014
	Intrinsic factor, free of R proteins, can be prepared from mouse stomach and used in a ligand assay specific for "true" cobalamin.	Reynoso G, Tuggey R, Hansen H, Fontelo PA, Konopka S, Miller JT.	Am J Clin Pathol	10.1093/ajcp/75.6.786	1981
	Commercially-supplied binders for plasma cobalamin (vitamin B12), analysis--"purified" intrinsic factor, "cobinamide"-blocked R-protein binder, and non-purified intrinsic factor-R-protein binder--compared to microbiological assay.	Kubasik NP, Ricotta M, Sine HE.	Clin Chem	10.1093/clinchem/26.5.598	1980
Enzymology	Phosphodeoxyribosyltransferases, designed enzymes for deoxyribonucleotides synthesis.	Kaminski PA, Labesse G.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.m112.446492	2013
	II. Pure Culture Fermentation Studies.	Sugihara TF.	J Food Prot	10.4315/0362-028x-41.12.980	1978
	Unreliability of radiodilution assays as screening tests for cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency.	Cohen KL, Donaldson RM.	JAMA	10.1001/jama.1980.03310170040023	1980
	I. Isolation and Identification of Microflora.	Sugihara TF.	J Food Prot	10.4315/0362-028x-41.12.977	1978
Metabolism	Deoxyribonucleoside-requiring mutants of Bacillus subtilis.	Rima BK, Takahashi I.	J Gen Microbiol	10.1099/00221287-107-1-139	1978
Metabolism	Adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase from the blue-green alga, Anabaena sp. Purification and partial characterization.	Gleason FK, Frick TD.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43891-x	1980
Enzymology	An affinity adsorbent containing deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate linked to sepharose and its use for large scale preparation of ribonucleotide reductase of Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Hoffmann PJ, Blakley RL.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi00693a005	1975
Metabolism	Microbiological assay for vitamin B12 performed in 96-well microtitre plates.	Kelleher BP, Broin SD.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.44.7.592	1991
Metabolism	The purification and characterization of an adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase from Corynebacterium nephridii.	Tsai PK, Hogenkamp HP.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/s0021-9258(19)86025-8	1980
Metabolism	Versatility in corrinoid salvaging and remodeling pathways supports corrinoid-dependent metabolism in Dehalococcoides mccartyi.	Yi S, Seth EC, Men YJ, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Alvarez-Cohen L, Taga ME.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02150-12	2012
Metabolism	Determination of erythrocyte vitamin B12 activity.	Santini R, Millan S.	Am J Clin Nutr	10.1093/ajcn/29.7.791	1976
Metabolism	Synthesis of vitamin B12 by various species of mycobacteria.	Karasseva V, Weiszfeiler JG, Lengyel Z.	Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A		1977
Metabolism	Circulating folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, vitamin B12 transport proteins, and risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study, systematic review, and meta-analysis.	Collin SM, Metcalfe C, Refsum H, Lewis SJ, Zuccolo L, Smith GD, Chen L, Harris R, Davis M, Marsden G, Johnston C, Lane JA, Ebbing M, Bonaa KH, Nygard O, Ueland PM, Grau MV, Baron JA, Donovan JL, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Smith AD, Martin RM.	Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev	10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0180	2010
	Comparative Review of the Thiochrome, Microbial and Protozoan Analyses of B-Vitamins.	Voigt MN, Eitenmiller RR.	J Food Prot	10.4315/0362-028x-41.9.730	1978
	A radiometric microbiologic method for vitamin B12 assay.	Chen MF, McIntyre PA, Wagner HN.	J Nucl Med		1977
	Vitamin B12 levels of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with a variety of neurological disorders.	Taguchi H, Sanada H, Hara K, Miyoshi I, Hiraki K.	J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)	10.3177/jnsv.23.299	1977
	Formation of 3-(2'-deoxyribofuranosyl) and 9-(2'-deoxyribofuranosyl) nucleosides of 8-substituted purines by nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase.	Huang MC, Montgomery JA, Thorpe MC, Stewart EL, Secrist JA, Blakley RL.	Arch Biochem Biophys	10.1016/0003-9861(83)90510-6	1983
Metabolism	The interaction of adeninylalkylcobalamins with ribonucleotide reductase.	Sando GN, Grant ME, Hogenkamp HP.	Biochim Biophys Acta	10.1016/0304-4165(76)90123-9	1976
	Methylglyoxal production in human blood.	Brandt RB, Siegel SA.	Ciba Found Symp	10.1002/9780470720493.ch14	1978
	Comparison of toadfish-serum competitive binding and microbiologic assays of vitamin B12.	Buchanan JW, McIntyre PA, Scheffel U, Wagner HN.	J Nucl Med		1977
Metabolism	Isolation of the gene for the B12-dependent ribonucleotide reductase from Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 and expression in Escherichia coli.	Gleason FK, Olszewski NE.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.184.23.6544-6550.2002	2002
	Tissue vitamin B-12 assay by a radioisotope dilution technique.	Van Tonder SV, Metz J, Green R.	Clin Chim Acta	10.1016/0009-8981(75)90049-2	1975
	Solid-phase cobalamin assay using cobalamin-binding protein from dog stomach.	Hippe E, Olesen H.	Scand J Clin Lab Invest	10.1080/00365517509095783	1975
Enzymology	EPR determination of the Co(II)-free radical magnetic geometry of the "doublet" species arising in a coenzyme B-12-enzyme reaction.	Buettner GR, Coffman RE.	Biochim Biophys Acta	10.1016/0005-2744(77)90042-0	1977
	Radioimmunoassay that measures serum vitamin B12.	O'Sullivan JJ, Leeming RJ, Lynch SS, Pollock A.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.45.4.328	1992
Metabolism	Underestimation of vitamin B 12 in serum by a microbiological method(Lactobacillus leichmannii): comparison with a radioisotopic method.	Raven JL, Robson MB, Barkhan P.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.22.6.741-b	1969
Enzymology	Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Booker S, Stubbe J.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.90.18.8352	1993
Enzymology	Active site of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase from Escherichia coli. Inactivation of the enzyme by 2'-substituted ribonucleoside diphosphates.	Thelander L, Larsson B.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33753-5	1976
Metabolism	Phylogenetic analysis of vitamin B12-related metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.	Young DB, Comas I, de Carvalho LP.	Front Mol Biosci	10.3389/fmolb.2015.00006	2015
Metabolism	Studies on the mechanism of adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reduction by the use of analogs of the coenzyme.	Sando GN, Blakley RL, Hogenkamp HP, Hoffmann PJ.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40739-4	1975
	MTHFR genotype and colorectal adenoma recurrence: data from a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.	Levine AJ, Wallace K, Tsang S, Haile RW, Saibil F, Ahnen D, Cole BF, Barry EL, Munroe DJ, Ali IU, Ueland P, Baron JA.	Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev	10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2670	2008
	Clofarabine 5'-di and -triphosphates inhibit human ribonucleotide reductase by altering the quaternary structure of its large subunit.	Aye Y, Stubbe J.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.1013274108	2011
Enzymology	The Crystal Structure of Thermotoga maritima Class III Ribonucleotide Reductase Lacks a Radical Cysteine Pre-Positioned in the Active Site.	Aurelius O, Johansson R, Bagenholm V, Lundin D, Tholander F, Balhuizen A, Beck T, Sahlin M, Sjoberg BM, Mulliez E, Logan DT.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0128199	2015
Metabolism	A rare combination of ribonucleotide reductases in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum.	Crona M, Avesson L, Sahlin M, Lundin D, Hinas A, Klose R, Soderbom F, Sjoberg BM.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.m112.442434	2013
Metabolism	Structures of eukaryotic ribonucleotide reductase I provide insights into dNTP regulation.	Xu H, Faber C, Uchiki T, Fairman JW, Racca J, Dealwis C.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.0600443103	2006
Metabolism	Evidence for four deoxynucleoside kinase activities in extracts of Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Powell JW, Wachsman JT.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.25.6.869-872.1973	1973
Metabolism	The class III ribonucleotide reductase from Neisseria bacilliformis can utilize thioredoxin as a reductant.	Wei Y, Funk MA, Rosado LA, Baek J, Drennan CL, Stubbe J.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.1414396111	2014
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of the new semisynthetic glycopeptide telavancin (TD-6424), vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, and four comparator agents against anaerobic gram-positive species and Corynebacterium spp.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Merriam CV, Warren YA, Tyrrell KL, Fernandez HT.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.48.6.2149-2152.2004	2004
Metabolism	The B12-dependent ribonucleotide reductase from the archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophila: an evolutionary solution to the ribonucleotide reductase conundrum.	Tauer A, Benner SA.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.94.1.53	1997
Metabolism	New tricks for the glycyl radical enzyme family.	Backman LRF, Funk MA, Dawson CD, Drennan CL.	Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol	10.1080/10409238.2017.1373741	2017
	Colorectal adenomas in a randomized folate trial: the role of baseline dietary and circulating folate levels.	Figueiredo JC, Levine AJ, Grau MV, Barry EL, Ueland PM, Ahnen DJ, Byers T, Bresalier RS, Summers RW, Bond J, McKeown-Eyssen GE, Sandler RS, Haile RW, Baron JA.	Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev	10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0382	2008
	Ribonucleotide reduction in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: function and expression of genes encoding class Ib and class II ribonucleotide reductases.	Dawes SS, Warner DF, Tsenova L, Timm J, McKinney JD, Kaplan G, Rubin H, Mizrahi V.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.71.11.6124-6131.2003	2003
	Curcumin inhibits glyoxalase 1: a possible link to its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity.	Santel T, Pflug G, Hemdan NY, Schafer A, Hollenbach M, Buchold M, Hintersdorf A, Lindner I, Otto A, Bigl M, Oerlecke I, Hutschenreuther A, Sack U, Huse K, Groth M, Birkemeyer C, Schellenberger W, Gebhardt R, Platzer M, Weiss T, Vijayalakshmi MA, Kruger M, Birkenmeier G.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0003508	2008
Enzymology	Ribonucleotide reductase in the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus: a critical enzyme in the evolution of DNA genomes?	Riera J, Robb FT, Weiss R, Fontecave M.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.94.2.475	1997
	Experience with a commercial kit for the radioisotopic assay of vitamin B12 in serum: the Phadebas B12 test.	Raven JL, Robson MB.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.27.1.59	1974
	LIQUID NITROGEN FREEZING IN MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY SYSTEMS. I. PRESERVATION OF LACTOBACILLUS LEICHMANNII FOR DIRECT USE IN THE VITAMIN B12 ASSAY.	SOKOLSKI WT, STAPERT EM, FERRER EB.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.12.4.327-329.1964	1964
	An automated microbiological method for the measurement of vitamin B12.	Davis RE, Moulton J, Kelly A.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.26.7.494	1973
	Synthesis and biological activity of a profluorescent analogue of coenzyme B12.	Rosendahl MS, Omann GM, Leonard NJ.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.79.11.3480	1982
Metabolism	Association between folate levels and CpG Island hypermethylation in normal colorectal mucosa.	Wallace K, Grau MV, Levine AJ, Shen L, Hamdan R, Chen X, Gui J, Haile RW, Barry EL, Ahnen D, McKeown-Eyssen G, Baron JA, Issa JP.	Cancer Prev Res (Phila)	10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0047	2010
Metabolism	SURVIVAL OF LACTOBACILLUS LEICHMANNII IN RELATION TO VITAMIN B12 ASSAYS.	VALU JA.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.13.3.486-490.1965	1965
Metabolism	Enhanced subunit interactions with gemcitabine-5'-diphosphate inhibit ribonucleotide reductases.	Wang J, Lohman GJ, Stubbe J.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.0706803104	2007
	Global DNA hypomethylation (LINE-1) in the normal colon and lifestyle characteristics and dietary and genetic factors.	Figueiredo JC, Grau MV, Wallace K, Levine AJ, Shen L, Hamdan R, Chen X, Bresalier RS, McKeown-Eyssen G, Haile RW, Baron JA, Issa JP.	Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev	10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0926	2009
Enzymology	Genetic characterization and role in virulence of the ribonucleotide reductases of Streptococcus sanguinis.	Rhodes DV, Crump KE, Makhlynets O, Snyder M, Ge X, Xu P, Stubbe J, Kitten T.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.m113.533620	2014
	Plasma vitamins B2, B6, and B12, and related genetic variants as predictors of colorectal cancer risk.	Eussen SJ, Vollset SE, Hustad S, Midttun O, Meyer K, Fredriksen A, Ueland PM, Jenab M, Slimani N, Boffetta P, Overvad K, Thorlacius-Ussing O, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Morois S, Weikert C, Pischon T, Linseisen J, Kaaks R, Trichopoulou A, Zilis D, Katsoulis M, Palli D, Pala V, Vineis P, Tumino R, Panico S, Peeters PH, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, van Duijnhoven FJ, Skeie G, Munoz X, Martinez C, Dorronsoro M, Ardanaz E, Navarro C, Rodriguez L, VanGuelpen B, Palmqvist R, Manjer J, Ericson U, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Norat T, Riboli E.	Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev	10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0407	2010
	Integration and excision of a Bacteroides conjugative transposon, CTnDOT.	Cheng Q, Paszkiet BJ, Shoemaker NB, Gardner JF, Salyers AA.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.182.14.4035-4043.2000	2000
	The influence of penicillin on Lactobacillus leichmannii serum B(12) assay.	Boczarow B.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.14.2.189	1961
Metabolism	Pyrimidine biosynthesis in Lactobacillus leichmannii.	Hutson JY, Downing M.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.96.4.1249-1254.1968	1968
Enzymology	Extraction of serum vitamin B12 for radio-isotopic and Lactobacillus leichmannii assay.	Raven JL, Robson MB.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.28.7.531	1975
	Rapid microbiological assay of serum vitamin B 12 by electronic counter.	Stuart J, Sklaroff SA.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.19.1.46	1966
Metabolism	Ribonucleotide reduction - horizontal transfer of a required function spans all three domains.	Lundin D, Gribaldo S, Torrents E, Sjoberg BM, Poole AM.	BMC Evol Biol	10.1186/1471-2148-10-383	2010
	Presence of cobalamin analogues in animal tissues.	Kondo H, Kolhouse JF, Allen RH.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.77.2.817	1980
	OBSERVATIONS ON VITAMIN B12 IN SERUM AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.	BASIL W, BROWN JK, MATTHEWS DM.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.18.3.317	1965
	Comparative studies on the microbiological vitamin B12 assay at two laboratories.	Berg TM, de Vries JA, van Gasteren CJ, Meeuwissen H, Stevens GA, Verbon FJ.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.31.4.459-464.1976	1976
	Vitamin B12 levels in erythrocytes in normal subjects and in pernicious anaemia.	Harrison RJ.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.23.3.219	1970
Enzymology	Structure of the nucleotide radical formed during reaction of CDP/TTP with the E441Q-alpha2beta2 of E. coli ribonucleotide reductase.	Zipse H, Artin E, Wnuk S, Lohman GJ, Martino D, Griffin RG, Kacprzak S, Kaupp M, Hoffman B, Bennati M, Stubbe J, Lees N.	J Am Chem Soc	10.1021/ja806693s	2009
	Detection and activity of lactacin B, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus.	Barefoot SF, Klaenhammer TR.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.45.6.1808-1815.1983	1983
Genetics	Chloroplast genome sequencing analysis of Heterosigma akashiwo CCMP452 (West Atlantic) and NIES293 (West Pacific) strains.	Cattolico RA, Jacobs MA, Zhou Y, Chang J, Duplessis M, Lybrand T, McKay J, Ong HC, Sims E, Rocap G.	BMC Genomics	10.1186/1471-2164-9-211	2008
Enzymology	Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene encoding cyclic 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate synthetase, the key enzyme of cyclic 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate metabolism in Methanothermus fervidus.	Matussek K, Moritz P, Brunner N, Eckerskorn C, Hensel R.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.180.22.5997-6004.1998	1998
Enzymology	A comparative genome analysis identifies distinct sorting pathways in gram-positive bacteria.	Comfort D, Clubb RT.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.72.5.2710-2722.2004	2004
Phylogeny	Use of conserved randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments and RAPD pattern for characterization of Lactobacillus fermentum in Ghanaian fermented maize dough.	Hayford AE, Petersen A, Vogensen FK, Jakobsen M.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.65.7.3213-3221.1999	1999
Metabolism	The occurrence of growth factors for Lactobacillus leichmannii; Streptococcus faecalis and Leuconostoc citrovorum in the tissues of pernicious anaemia patients and controls.	GIRDWOOD RH.	Biochem J	10.1042/bj0520058	1952
Enzymology	AtzC is a new member of the amidohydrolase protein superfamily and is homologous to other atrazine-metabolizing enzymes.	Sadowsky MJ, Tong Z, de Souza M, Wackett LP.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.180.1.152-158.1998	1998
Enzymology	Lactate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus mutans: purification, characterization, and crossed antigenicity with lactate dehydrogenases from Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces viscosus, and Streptococcus sanguis.	Sommer P, Klein JP, Scholler M, Frank RM.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.47.2.489-495.1985	1985
	Cloning and characterization of the R1 and R2 subunits of ribonucleotide reductase from Trypanosoma brucei.	Hofer A, Schmidt PP, Graslund A, Thelander L.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.94.13.6959	1997
Enzymology	MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF CORRINOIDS. 3. PIGMENTS DERIVED FROM VITAMIN B12 BY PSEUDOMONAS RUBESCENS.	BURGUS RC, HUFHAM JB, SCOTT WM, PFIFFNER JJ.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.88.4.1139-1144.1964	1964
Enzymology	Immunological relationships among lactic dehydrogenases in the genera Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc.	Gasser F, Gasser C.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.106.1.113-125.1971	1971
	Tec3, a new developmentally eliminated DNA element in Euplotes crassus.	Jacobs ME, Sanchez-Blanco A, Katz LA, Klobutcher LA.	Eukaryot Cell	10.1128/ec.2.1.103-114.2003	2003
Metabolism	Variations in the growth response of four different vitamin B12 assay microorganisms to the same tissue and standard preparations.	Cook EA, Ellis LN.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.16.12.1831-1840.1968	1968
Biotechnology	Inactivation of Escherichia coli O1 57:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Lactobacillus leichmannii by combinations of ozone and pulsed electric field.	Unal R, Kim JG, Yousef AE	J Food Prot	10.4315/0362-028x-64.6.777	2001
Phylogeny	Identification and purification of a protein that induces production of the Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin lactacin B.	Barefoot SF, Chen YR, Hughes TA, Bodine AB, Shearer MY, Hughes MD	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.60.10.3522-3528.1994	1994
Phylogeny	[Production of vitamin B12 by fermentation].	Ogultekin R, Oner M	Mikrobiyol Bul		1985
Pathogenicity	Protective role of probiotic lactic acid bacteria against dietary fumonisin B1-induced toxicity and DNA-fragmentation in sprague-dawley rats.	Khalil AA, Abou-Gabal AE, Abdellatef AA, Khalid AE	Prep Biochem Biotechnol	10.1080/10826068.2014.940969	2015
Biotechnology	Homo-fermentative production of D-lactic acid by Lactobacillus sp. employing casein whey permeate as a raw feed-stock.	Prasad S, Srikanth K, Limaye AM, Sivaprakasam S	Biotechnol Lett	10.1007/s10529-014-1482-9	2014
Enzymology	Cloning and expression analysis of the 28 kDa protein from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis ATCC 4797 hypothesized to influence lactacin B production.	Ulrich RL, Hughes TA	J Appl Microbiol	10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01480.x	2001
Cultivation	A rapid procedure for isolating chromosomal DNA from Lactobacillus species and other Gram-positive bacteria.	Ulrich RL, Hughes TA	Lett Appl Microbiol	10.1046/j.1472-765x.2001.00866.x	2001
Metabolism	Jenseniin G, a heat-stable bacteriocin produced by Propionibacterium jensenii P126.	Grinstead DA, Barefoot SF	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.58.1.215-220.1992	1992

References

#8504	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 20076
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#35815	; Curators of the CIP;
#47415	Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) ; Curators of the CCUG; CCUG 21454
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68371	Automatically annotated from API 50CH acid .
#68379	Automatically annotated from API Coryne .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#118882	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 54.3
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Lactobacillus leichmannii (DSM 20076, ATCC 4797, CCM 2344)

Name and taxonomic classification

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