Actinomyces graevenitzii (DSM 15540, CCUG 27294, CIP 105737)

Name: Actinomyces graevenitzii (DSM 15540, CCUG 27294, CIP 105737)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 186

Type strain

Culture col. no. DSM 15540 CCUG 27294 CIP 105737 CCM 4739

NCBI tax ID(s) 55565

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG CIP Literature strains

History <- CCUG <- PHLS, Sweden CIP <- 1998, CCUG <- Res. Dev., PHLS, Göteborg, Sweden

Links

Actinomyces graevenitzii DSM 15540 is a facultative anaerobe, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that was isolated from human bronchus brush, 57-yr-old woman.

Gram-positive rod-shaped facultative anaerobe 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 13434

LMG 19646,CCUG 27294,CIP 105737,NCTC 14281,CCM 4739,DSM 15540

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-02-09 11:17:49

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Actinomycetota

Class Actinomycetes

Order Actinomycetales

Family Actinomycetaceae

Genus Actinomyces

Species Actinomyces graevenitzii

Full scientific name Actinomyces graevenitzii Pascual Ramos et al. 1997

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Actinomyces graevenitzii** (27)	Type strain
138236	A. graevenitzii CIP 105738, CCUG 29516
146952	A. graevenitzii CCUG 32536
148604	A. graevenitzii CCUG 35697
150604	A. graevenitzii CCUG 41727
150749	A. graevenitzii CCUG 42165
150761	A. graevenitzii CCUG 42213
151770	A. graevenitzii CCUG 44830
152244	A. graevenitzii CCUG 46196
152519	A. graevenitzii CCUG 46994
152640	A. graevenitzii CCUG 47256
152878	A. graevenitzii CCUG 47855
152964	A. graevenitzii CCUG 48141
153181	A. graevenitzii CCUG 48659
153186	A. graevenitzii CCUG 48673
153253	A. graevenitzii CCUG 48895
153344	A. graevenitzii CCUG 49289
153643	A. graevenitzii CCUG 50473
153878	A. graevenitzii CCUG 51480
153949	A. graevenitzii CCUG 51733
153952	A. graevenitzii CCUG 51746
153986	A. graevenitzii CCUG 51841
154116	A. graevenitzii CCUG 52426
154760	A. graevenitzii CCUG 55107
155191	A. graevenitzii CCUG 56860
155247	A. graevenitzii CCUG 57065
155266	A. graevenitzii CCUG 57140
172901	A. graevenitzii CIMB 05-1990, CRBIP17.13

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Motility
23120	positive	rod-shaped
119721	positive	rod-shaped

Colony morphology

@ref	Colony size	Incubation period	Medium used	Hemolysis ability
23120	0.2 mm	1 day	blood agar
48702		2-3 days
119721				1

Pigmentation

23120

Productionno

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
5989	FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1203)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1203) Composition: Horse blood 100.0 g/l Fastidious Anaerobe Agar 45.7 g/l Distilled water
5989	COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693) Composition: Defibrinated sheep blood 50.0 g/l Columbia agar base
23120	blood agar
39350	MEDIUM 6 - Columbia agar with 10 % horse blood		Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Columbia agar (39.000 g);Horseblood (100.000 ml)
119721	CIP Medium 6	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
5989	positive	growth	37
39350	positive	growth	37
48702	positive	growth	37
119721	positive	growth	25-41
119721	negative	growth	10
119721	negative	growth	45

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance
23120	facultative anaerobe
48702	microaerophile
119721	facultative anaerobe

Spore formation

23120

Spore formationno

Halophily

@ref	Salt	Growth	Tested relation	Concentration
119721	NaCl	positive	growth	0-2 %
119721	NaCl		growth	4 %
119721	NaCl		growth	6 %
119721	NaCl		growth	8 %
119721	NaCl		growth	10 %

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
23120	17426 ChEBI	5-dehydro-D-gluconate	+	builds acid from
23120	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	-	builds acid from
68371	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	-	builds acid from
68371	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
119721	16947 ChEBI	citrate	-	carbon source
23120	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds acid from
68371	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from
68371	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68377	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	+	builds acid from	from API NH
68371	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from
68371	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	12936 ChEBI	D-galactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68377	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API NH
68371	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68371	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17924 ChEBI	D-sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	+	builds acid from
68371	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from
68379	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68371	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from
68371	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis
68379	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis	from API Coryne
119721	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis
68371	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	28757 ChEBI	fructose	+	builds acid from
23120	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from
68371	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	28260 ChEBI	galactose	+	builds acid from
23120	28066 ChEBI	gentiobiose	-	builds acid from
68371	28066 ChEBI	gentiobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	24265 ChEBI	gluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	+	builds acid from
68371	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	builds acid from
68379	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68371	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	606565 ChEBI	hippurate	-	hydrolysis
119721	606565 ChEBI	hippurate	-	hydrolysis
23120	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from
68371	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from
68371	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from
68371	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from
68371	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from
68371	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	17716 ChEBI	lactose	+	builds acid from
68379	17716 ChEBI	lactose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68371	17716 ChEBI	lactose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from
68379	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68377	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API NH
68371	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	29864 ChEBI	mannitol	-	builds acid from
23120	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from
68371	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from
68371	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from
68371	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	37657 ChEBI	methyl D-glucoside	-	builds acid from
23120	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	+	builds acid from
68371	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	28037 ChEBI	N-acetylgalactosamine	+	builds acid from
68371	59640 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
68379	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction	from API Coryne
119721	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
119721	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	respiration
119721	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68377	18257 ChEBI	ornithine	-	degradation	from API NH
68371		Potassium 2-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371		Potassium 5-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	26546 ChEBI	rhamnose	-	builds acid from
68371	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	33942 ChEBI	ribose	+	builds acid from
23120	17814 ChEBI	salicin	-	builds acid from
68371	17814 ChEBI	salicin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	30911 ChEBI	sorbitol	-	builds acid from
23120	28017 ChEBI	starch	-	builds acid from
68371	28017 ChEBI	starch	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from
68379	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68371	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68377	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from	from API NH
23120	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	-	builds acid from
68371	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68377	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API NH
68371	32528 ChEBI	turanose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23120	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis
68379	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API Coryne
68377	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API NH
23120	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from
68371	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid

Antibiotic resistance

@ref	Metabolite	Is sensitive	Is resistant
119721	0129 (2,4-Diamino-6,7-di-iso-propylpteridine phosphate)

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
68377	35581 ChEBI	indole		from API NH
119721	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Indole test	Voges-proskauer-test	Methylred-test
119721	15688 ChEBI	acetoin		-
119721	17234 ChEBI	glucose			+
68377	35581 ChEBI	indole	-			from API NH

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
23120	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2
68382	acid phosphatase	-	3.1.3.2	from API zym
119721	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68379	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API Coryne
68377	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API NH
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
23120	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
23120	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
23120	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
23120	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
119721	amylase	+
23120	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23
68382	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API zym
119721	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23
68377	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API NH
68379	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API Coryne
23120	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68379	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API Coryne
23120	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
68379	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API Coryne
68377	beta-lactamase	-	3.5.2.6	from API NH
119721	caseinase	-	3.4.21.50
119721	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
68379	catalase	-	1.11.1.6	from API Coryne
23120	chymotrypsin	-	3.4.4.5
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
119721	DNase	-
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
119721	gamma-glutamyltransferase	-	2.3.2.2
68377	gamma-glutamyltransferase	-	2.3.2.2	from API NH
119721	gelatinase	+/-
119721	lecithinase	-
23120	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
23120	lipase	-
119721	lipase	-
68377	lipase	-		from API NH
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
119721	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
23120	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68379	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API Coryne
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	-		from API zym
119721	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
68377	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17	from API NH
119721	oxidase	-
119721	phenylalanine ammonia-lyase	-	4.3.1.24
23120	phosphoamidase	+	3.9.1.1
68377	proline-arylamidase	+	3.4.11.5	from API NH
119721	protease	-
68379	pyrazinamidase	+	3.5.1.B15	from API Coryne
23120	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	-	3.4.19.3
68379	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	-	3.4.19.3	from API Coryne
23120	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
119721	tryptophan deaminase	-
68377	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1	from API NH
119721	tween esterase	-
119721	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68377	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API NH
68379	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API Coryne
23120	valine arylamidase	-
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

API coryne

@ref	Reduction of nitrateNIT	PYZ	PYRA	PAL	beta GUR	beta GAL	alpha GLU	beta NAG	ESC	URE	GEL	Control fermentationControl	GLU	RIB	XYL	MAN	MAL	LAC	SAC	GLYG	CAT
48702	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-
5989	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	+	+/-	-	-	+	+	+	-	not determinedn.d.

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
119721	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	-

API 50CHac

@ref	ControlQ	GLY	ERY	DARA	LARA	RIB	DXYL	LXYL	ADO	MDX	GAL	GLU	FRU	MNE	SBE	RHA	DUL	INO	MAN	SOR	MDM	MDG	NAG	AMY	ARB	ESC	SAL	CEL	MAL	LAC	MEL	SAC	TRE	INU	MLZ	RAF	AMD	GLYG	XLT	GEN	TUR	LYX	TAG	DFUC	LFUC	DARL	LARL	GNT	2KG	5KG
119721	not determinedn.d.	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

API NH

@ref	PEN	GLU	FRU	MAL	SAC	ODC	URE	LIP	PAL	beta GAL	ProA	GGT	IND
48702	-	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Host	#Human	#Female
#Host Body-Site	#Oral cavity and airways	#Airways

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Sampling date	Geographic location	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent	Isolation date
5989	human bronchus brush, 57-yr-old woman		Göteborg	Sweden	SWE	Europe
48702	Human bronchus brush,57-yr-old woman	1990-10-03	Göteborg	Sweden	SWE	Europe
119721	Human, Bronchus brush		Göteborg	Sweden	SWE	Europe	1990

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence AJ540309 (>99% sequence identity) for Actinomyces graevenitzii subclade from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	2309
Soil Samples	1357
Animal Samples	115764
Plant Samples	576
Total Samples	120006

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
5989	2	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
119721	2	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
23120	A.graevenitzii sp. nov. 16S rRNA gene	Y09589	1360	55565
5989	Actinomyces graevenitzii 16S rRNA gene, strain CCUG 27294T	AJ540309	1413	55565
124043	Actinomyces graevenitzii CCUG 27294 gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence.	LC752337	585	55565

Genome-based predictions

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Diagnosis of Pulmonary Actinomycosis Caused by Actinomyces graevenitzii: a Case Series of Three Patients.	Zhang X, He Q, Mao G, Liang M.	Clin Lab	10.7754/clin.lab.2025.250254	2025
	Microbial profile of the appendix niche in acute appendicitis: a novel sampling approach.	Ma H, Wang M, Feng Y, Zhang W, Wang W, Xie Y, Kong G, Feng J, Wang P, Wang Q, Huang X.	FEBS Open Bio	10.1002/2211-5463.70105	2025
Phylogeny	Differential microbiome response to sucrose in caries-free and caries-affected individuals.	Wang Y, Liu X, Ma S, Li L, Wang L.	AMB Express	10.1186/s13568-025-01943-0	2025
	Non-invasive early detection on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions by microbial biomarkers combining epidemiological factors in China.	Li M, Shao D, Fan Z, Qin J, Xu J, Huang Q, Li X, Hua Z, Li J, Hao C, Wei W, Abnet CC.	J Gastroenterol	10.1007/s00535-024-02117-8	2024
	Tropheryma whipplei in interstitial lung disease: A case series.	Li J, Guo B, Zhao G, Wei R, Luo Q, Zhuo C, Han Q.	Respir Med Case Rep	10.1016/j.rmcr.2025.102279	2025
	Differences of the respiratory microbiota between children suffering from community acquired pneumonia with presence or absence of asthma.	Chen L, Chen H, Lv T, Guo X, Wu W, Zhao D, Liu F.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-025-04847-y	2025
	Pulmonary Actinomycosis by Actinomyces graevenitzii in Two Hematologic Patients.	Facchin G, Battaglia G, Sartor A, Fili C, Zannier ME, Battista ML, Fanin R, Candoni A.	Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis	10.4084/mjhid.2023.034	2023
	A Pulmonary Abscess Caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review.	Chen X, Wu L, Wu R, Dong J.	Clin Respir J	10.1111/crj.70099	2025
	Oral Microbiota Dysbiosis in Male HIV Patients: Comparative Analysis of Candidiasis and HPV-Associated Lesions.	Ramirez-Hernandez MDC, Gaytan-Cervantes J, Gonzalez-Torres C, Loyola-Cruz MA, Garcia-Mendiola RE, Cruz-Cruz C, Cortes-Ortiz IA, Garcia-Moncada E, Lopez-Flores T, Duran-Manuel EM, Gomez-Mancilla N, Oviedo-Lopez MF, Jimenez-Zamarripa CA, Rojas-Bernabe A, Garcia-Hernandez OA, Puente-Rivera J, Lopez-Ornelas A, Nieto-Velazquez NG, Blanco-Hernandez DMR, Castaneda-Ortega JC, Hernandez-Castellanos B, Anaya-Saavedra G, Calzada-Mendoza CC, Bello-Lopez JM.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms13092121	2025
	Pulmonary Actinomyces graevenitzii Infection: Case Report and Review of the Literature.	Yuan Y, Hou Z, Peng D, Xing Z, Wang J, Zhang S.	Front Med (Lausanne)	10.3389/fmed.2022.916817	2022
Genetics	Genetic Patterns of Oral Cavity Microbiome in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease.	Al-Sarraj F, Albiheyri R, Qari M, Alotaibi M, Al-Zahrani M, Anwar Y, Alghamdi MA, Nass NM, Bouback T, Alotibi I, Radhwi O, Sajer BH, Redhwan A, Al-Matary MA, Almanzalawi EA, Elshafie HS.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms25168570	2024
	Mimicry of Rhabdomyosarcoma by Tonsillar Actinomycosis: Case Report.	Montenegro Palacios JF, Correa Forero SV, Ordonez Andrade GA, Posu Barco J, Melo Burbano LA, Liscano Y.	Medicina (Kaunas)	10.3390/medicina60071172	2024
	Subtype-Based Microbial Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.	Jang HJ, Lee E, Cho YJ, Lee SH.	Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)	10.4046/trd.2022.0149	2023
	Multi-year comparison of VITEK MS performance for identification of rarely encountered pathogenic gram-positive organisms (GPOs) in a large integrated Canadian healthcare region.	Church D, Griener T, Gregson D.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.02545-24	2025
	Altered microbiota of the lower respiratory tract and its association with COVID-19 severity analysed by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics.	Wang D, Duan Y, He L, Jiang J, Xian J, Yuan K, Zhang R, Zhang H, Wang J, Li N, Huang M, Hu C, Lu S, Luo Z, Deng T, Zhang Z, Chen B, Li W.	Commun Biol	10.1038/s42003-025-08234-1	2025
Genetics	Dysbiosis of the oropharyngeal microbiota in COVID-19: distinct profiles in patients with severe respiratory symptoms.	Kumari V S S, Potdar V, Shinde M, Parashar D, Alagarasu K, Cherian S, Lavania M.	J Oral Microbiol	10.1080/20002297.2025.2569523	2025
	Polymicrobial infections with specific Actinomyces and related organisms, using the current taxonomy.	Kononen E.	J Oral Microbiol	10.1080/20002297.2024.2354148	2024
	Detection of pulmonary actinomycosis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in a cancer patient receiving maintenance olaparib: A review and case report.	Ni L, Wu Z, Huang J.	Respir Med Case Rep	10.1016/j.rmcr.2024.102007	2024
Genetics	Analysis of lung microbiota in pediatric pneumonia patients using BALF metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A retrospective observational study.	Lu S, Sun L, Cao L, Zhao M, Guo Y, Li M, Duan S, Zhai Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Gai W, Cui X.	Medicine (Baltimore)	10.1097/md.0000000000040860	2024
Genetics	The Relationship Between Osteoporosis and Intestinal Microbes in the Henan Province of China.	Qin Q, Yan S, Yang Y, Chen J, Yan H, Li T, Gao X, Wang Y, Li A, Wang S, Ding S.	Front Cell Dev Biol	10.3389/fcell.2021.752990	2021
	No man's land: Species-specific formation of exclusion zones bordering Actinomyces graevenitzii microcolonies in nanoliter cultures.	Jalali F, Ellett F, Balani P, Duncan MJ, Dewhirst FE, Borisy GG, Irimia D.	Microbiologyopen	10.1002/mbo3.1137	2021
	Analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid microbial flora in COPD patients at different lung function during acute exacerbation.	Bahetjan K, Yu-Xia, Lin S, Aili N, Yang H, Du S.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-025-96746-5	2025
	Actinomyces and Shewanella algae complicated paediatric mastoiditis: a case report of a multidisciplinary approach.	Martins Sousa M, von Hafe M, Reis-Melo A, Silveira H, Coutinho G, Moura CP.	Access Microbiol	10.1099/acmi.0.000436	2022
	Potential roles of cigarette smoking on gut microbiota profile among Chinese men.	Fan J, Zeng F, Zhong H, Cai J, Shen W, Cheng C, He C, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Chen S, Zhu Y, Liu T, Zheng JS, Wang L, Chen YM, Ma W, Zhou D.	BMC Med	10.1186/s12916-025-03852-2	2025
Genetics	Using Nanopore Sequencing to Obtain Complete Bacterial Genomes from Saliva Samples.	Baker JL.	mSystems	10.1128/msystems.00491-22	2022
	Potential Clinical Application of Organs-on-a-Chip in Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies.	Ardila CM, Jimenez-Arbelaez GA, Vivares-Builes AM.	Dent J (Basel)	10.3390/dj11070158	2023
Metabolism	Taxonomic and functional alterations in the salivary microbiota of children with and without severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) at the age of 3.	Tang Z, Xu W, Zhou Z, Qiao Y, Zheng S, Rong W.	PeerJ	10.7717/peerj.13529	2022
	The Infant Oral Microbiome: Developmental Dynamics, Modulating Factors, and Implications for Oral and Systemic Health	Olate P, Martinez A, Sans-Serramitjana E, Cortes M, Diaz R, Hernandez G, Paz E, Sepulveda N, Quinones J.	Int J Mol Sci		2025
	Distal gut colonization by oral bacteria during intensive chemotherapy: direct evidence from strain-level analysis of paired samples.	Raychaudhuri S, Gem H, Chung K, McLean JS, Kerns KA, Hullar MAJ, Elmorr E, Appelbaum JB, Percival MM, Walter RB, Halpern AB, Minot SS, Kim K, Zevin AS, Rashidi A.	NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes	10.1038/s41522-025-00725-7	2025
Enzymology	Meta-analysis of the lung microbiota in pulmonary tuberculosis.	Hong BY, Paulson JN, Stine OC, Weinstock GM, Cervantes JL.	Tuberculosis (Edinb)	10.1016/j.tube.2018.02.006	2018
Genetics	Effects of Therapeutic Antibiotic Exposure on the Oropharyngeal and Fecal Microbiota in Infants With Cystic Fibrosis.	Hayden HS, Nelson MT, Ross SE, Verster AJ, Bouzek DC, Eng A, Waalkes A, Penewit K, Kopp BT, Siracusa C, Rock MJ, Salipante SJ, Hoffman LR, Sanders DB.	Pediatr Pulmonol	10.1002/ppul.71024	2025
Genetics	One-step diagnosis of infection and lung cancer using metagenomic sequencing.	Li S, Zhan Y, Wang Y, Li W, Wang X, Wang H, Sun W, Cao X, Li Z, Ye F.	Respir Res	10.1186/s12931-025-03127-7	2025
Genetics	Active herpesviruses are associated with intensive care unit (ICU) admission in patients pulmonary infection and alter the respiratory microbiome.	Liu Z, Qi CJ, Shi Y, Li T, Fang Y, Zhang Q.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2024.1441476	2024
	Pulmonary Actinomyces graevenitzii Infection Diagnosed by Bronchoscopy using Endobronchial Ultrasonography with a Guide Sheath.	Himeji D, Hara S, Kawaguchi T, Tanaka GI.	Intern Med	10.2169/internalmedicine.9799-17	2018
Genetics	The diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing in critically ill patients with respiratory tract infections.	Hu X, Jiang L, Liu X, Chang H, Dong H, Yan J, Zhou X, Kong M.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.00458-24	2024
	The Association of the Oral Microbiota with the Effects of Acid Stress Induced by an Increase of Brain Lactate in Schizophrenia Patients.	Krzysciak W, Karcz P, Bystrowska B, Szwajca M, Bryll A, Smierciak N, Ligezka A, Turek A, Kozicz T, Skalniak AE, Jagielski P, Popiela TJ, Pilecki M.	Biomedicines	10.3390/biomedicines11020240	2023
	Lung Microbiome in Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.	Lucaciu SR, Domokos B, Puiu R, Ruta V, Motoc SN, Rajnoveanu R, Todea D, Stoia AM, Man AM.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms12122439	2024
	Altered oral microbiome in Sudanese Toombak smokeless tobacco users carries a newly emerging risk of squamous cell carcinoma development and progression.	Sami A, Elimairi I, Ryan CA, Stanton C, Patangia D, Ross RP.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-023-32892-y	2023
	Effects of Konjaku Flour on the Gut Microbiota of Obese Patients.	Li Y, Kang Y, Du Y, Chen M, Guo L, Huang X, Li T, Chen S, Yang F, Yu F, Hong J, Kong X.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2022.771748	2022
Genetics	Chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash alters the oral microbial composition and affects the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes.	Bartsch S, Kohnert E, Kreutz C, Woelber JP, Anderson A, Burkhardt AS, Hellwig E, Buchalla W, Hiller KA, Ratka-Krueger P, Cieplik F, Al-Ahmad A.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2024.1429692	2024
	Diversity, composition, and networking of saliva microbiota distinguish the severity of COVID-19 episodes as revealed by an analysis of 16S rRNA variable V1-V3 region sequences.	Larios Serrato V, Meza B, Gonzalez-Torres C, Gaytan-Cervantes J, Gonzalez Ibarra J, Santacruz Tinoco CE, Anguiano Hernandez YM, Martinez Miguel B, Cazarez Cortazar A, Sarquiz Martinez B, Alvarado Yaah JE, Mendoza Perez AR, Palma Herrera JJ, Garcia Soto LM, Chavez Rojas AI, Bravo Mateos G, Samano Marquez G, Grajales Muniz C, Torres J.	mSystems	10.1128/msystems.01062-22	2023
	An optimized culturomics strategy for isolation of human milk microbiota.	Wang F, Yu L, Ren Y, Zhang Q, He S, Zhao M, He Z, Gao Q, Chen J.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2024.1272062	2024
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of Actinomyces and related genera reveals an unusual clindamycin resistance among Actinomyces urogenitalis strains.	Barberis C, Budia M, Palombarani S, Rodriguez CH, Ramirez MS, Arias B, Bonofiglio L, Famiglietti A, Mollerach M, Almuzara M, Vay C.	J Glob Antimicrob Resist	10.1016/j.jgar.2016.11.007	2017
Phylogeny	Metagenomic analysis of bacterial species in tongue microbiome of current and never smokers.	Sato N, Kakuta M, Hasegawa T, Yamaguchi R, Uchino E, Kobayashi W, Sawada K, Tamura Y, Tokuda I, Murashita K, Nakaji S, Imoto S, Yanagita M, Okuno Y.	NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes	10.1038/s41522-020-0121-6	2020
Metabolism	Variations in salivary microbiome and metabolites are associated with immunotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced NSCLC.	Huang D, Chen Y, Li C, Yang S, Lin L, Zhang X, Su X, Liu L, Zhao H, Luo T, Cai S, Ren Q, Dong H.	mSystems	10.1128/msystems.01115-24	2025
	Population-level gut microbiome and its associations with environmental factors and metabolic disorders in Southwest China.	Qu Q, Dou Q, Xiang Z, Yu B, Chen L, Fan Z, Zhao X, Yang S, Zeng P.	NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes	10.1038/s41522-025-00661-6	2025
	Gastrointestinal complaints after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Impact of microbiota and its metabolites.	Custers E, van der Burgh YGR, Vreeken D, Schuren F, van den Broek TJ, Verschuren L, de Blaauw I, Bouwens M, Kleemann R, Kiliaan AJ, Hazebroek EJ.	Heliyon	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39899	2024
	Classification of NSCLC subtypes using lung microbiome from resected tissue based on machine learning methods.	Kashyap P, Raj KV, Sharma J, Dutt N, Yadav P.	NPJ Syst Biol Appl	10.1038/s41540-025-00491-4	2025
	Detailed Characterization of the Lung-Gut Microbiome Axis Reveals the Link between PD-L1 and the Microbiome in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients.	Ankudavicius V, Nikitina D, Lukosevicius R, Tilinde D, Salteniene V, Poskiene L, Miliauskas S, Skieceviciene J, Zemaitis M, Kupcinskas J.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms25042323	2024
Genetics	Targeted Hybridization Capture of SARS-CoV-2 and Metagenomics Enables Genetic Variant Discovery and Nasal Microbiome Insights.	Nagy-Szakal D, Couto-Rodriguez M, Wells HL, Barrows JE, Debieu M, Butcher K, Chen S, Berki A, Hager C, Boorstein RJ, Taylor MK, Jonsson CB, Mason CE, O'Hara NB.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.00197-21	2021
	ACE inhibitory casein peptide lowers blood pressure and reshapes gut microbiota in a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial.	Li K, Jiang P, Li S, Sun J, Qi C.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-025-98446-6	2025
	Characterization of tongue coating microbiome from patients with colorectal cancer.	Chen Q, Huang X, Zhang H, Jiang X, Zeng X, Li W, Su H, Chen Y, Lin F, Li M, Gu X, Jin H, Wang R, Diao D, Wang W, Li J, Wei S, Zhang W, Liu W, Huang Z, Deng Y, Luo W, Liu Z, Zhang B.	J Oral Microbiol	10.1080/20002297.2024.2344278	2024
Genetics	Comprehensive human respiratory genome catalogue underlies the high resolution and precision of the respiratory microbiome.	Li Y, Pan G, Wang S, Li Z, Yang R, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Li SC, Shen B.	Brief Bioinform	10.1093/bib/bbae620	2024
Pathogenicity	Results from a pilot study on the oral microbiome in children and adolescents with chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis.	Zeus M, Janssen S, Laws HJ, Fischer U, Borkhardt A, Oommen PT.	Z Rheumatol	10.1007/s00393-021-01035-x	2023
Enzymology	Community-acquired pneumonia in children: cell-free plasma sequencing for diagnosis and management.	Farnaes L, Wilke J, Ryan Loker K, Bradley JS, Cannavino CR, Hong DK, Pong A, Foley J, Coufal NG.	Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.12.016	2019
Pathogenicity	Microbial-derived imidazole propionate links the heart failure-associated microbiome alterations to disease severity.	Raju SC, Molinaro A, Awoyemi A, Jorgensen SF, Braadland PR, Nendl A, Seljeflot I, Ueland PM, McCann A, Aukrust P, Vestad B, Mayerhofer C, Broch K, Gullestad L, Lappegard KT, Halvorsen B, Kristiansen K, Hov JR, Troseid M.	Genome Med	10.1186/s13073-024-01296-6	2024
	Gut microbiome influences efficacy of Endostatin combined with PD-1 blockade against colorectal cancer.	Xu J, Tian Y, Zhao B, Hu D, Wu S, Ma J, Yang L.	Mol Biomed	10.1186/s43556-024-00200-3	2024
	Actinomyces graevenitzii pulmonary abscess mimicking tuberculosis in a healthy young man.	Gliga S, Devaux M, Gosset Woimant M, Mompoint D, Perronne C, Davido B.	Can Respir J	10.1155/2014/841480	2014
	The Composition and Metabolic Potential of the Human Small Intestinal Microbiota Within the Context of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.	Ruigrok RAAA, Collij V, Sureda P, Klaassen MAY, Bolte LA, Jansen BH, Voskuil MD, Fu J, Wijmenga C, Zhernakova A, Weersma RK, Vich Vila A.	J Crohns Colitis	10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab020	2021
Enzymology	Actinomyces graevenitzii bacteremia in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.	Hwang SS, Park SD, Jang IH, Uh Y, Yoon KJ, Kim HY.	Anaerobe	10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.03.002	2011
Enzymology	Combining culture and culture-independent methods reveals new microbial composition of halitosis patients' tongue biofilm.	Bernardi S, Karygianni L, Filippi A, Anderson AC, Zurcher A, Hellwig E, Vach K, Macchiarelli G, Al-Ahmad A.	Microbiologyopen	10.1002/mbo3.958	2020
Transcriptome	Caries Increment and Salivary Microbiome during University Life: A Prospective Cohort Study.	Uchida-Fukuhara Y, Ekuni D, Islam MM, Kataoka K, Taniguchi-Tabata A, Fukuhara D, Toyama N, Kobayashi T, Fujimori K, Sawada N, Iwasaki Y, Morita M.	Int J Environ Res Public Health	10.3390/ijerph17103713	2020
	Distinctive features of the oropharyngeal microbiome in Inuit of Nunavik and correlations of mild to moderate bronchial obstruction with dysbiosis.	Flahaut M, Leprohon P, Pham NP, Gingras H, Bourbeau J, Papadopoulou B, Maltais F, Ouellette M.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-023-43821-4	2023
	Unexpected lower level of oral periodontal pathogens in patients with high numbers of systemic diseases.	Shen MT, Shahin B, Chen Z, Adami GR.	PeerJ	10.7717/peerj.15502	2023
Phylogeny	Pseudo-outbreak of Actinomyces graevenitzii associated with bronchoscopy.	Peaper DR, Havill NL, Aniskiewicz M, Callan D, Pop O, Towle D, Boyce JM.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.02302-14	2015
	Potential Association Between Changes in Microbiota Level and Lung Diseases: A Meta-Analysis.	Chai L, Wang Q, Si C, Gao W, Zhang L.	Front Med (Lausanne)	10.3389/fmed.2021.723635	2021
	Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clinical Oral Isolates of Actinomyces spp.	Wolff A, Rodloff AC, Vielkind P, Borgmann T, Stingu CS.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms10010125	2022
	A 79-Year-Old Man With Chronic Aspiration and an ¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography Positive Lung Mass.	Ramanan P, Qureshi AS, Martin SA, Zea D, Patel R, Pritt BS.	Open Forum Infect Dis	10.1093/ofid/ofw256	2017
	Microbial changes in relation to oral mucositis in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients.	Laheij AMGA, Raber-Durlacher JE, Koppelmans RGA, Huysmans MDNJM, Potting C, van Leeuwen SJM, Hazenberg MD, Brennan MT, von Bultzingslowen I, Johansson JE, de Soet JJ, Haverman TM, Buijs MJ, Brandt BW, Rozema FR, Blijlevens NMA, Zaura E.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-019-53073-w	2019
Pathogenicity	Mucositis and Infection in Hematology Patients.	Blijlevens NMA, de Mooij CEM.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms24119592	2023
Enzymology	Cigarette smoking and oral microbiota in low-income and African-American populations.	Yang Y, Zheng W, Cai QY, Shrubsole MJ, Pei Z, Brucker R, Steinwandel MD, Bordenstein SR, Li Z, Blot WJ, Shu XO, Long J.	J Epidemiol Community Health	10.1136/jech-2019-212474	2019
	Functional metagenomics highlights varied infection states with dynamics of pathogens and antibiotic resistance in lower respiratory tract infections.	Shamim U, Yadav A, Maurya R, Devi P, Kumari P, Kanika, Khare K, Tarai B, Pandey R.	Heliyon	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38380	2024
	Features of the oral microbiome in Japanese elderly people with 20 or more teeth and a non-severe periodontal condition during periodontal maintenance treatment: A cross-sectional study.	Toyama N, Ekuni D, Yokoi A, Fukuhara D, Islam MM, Sawada N, Nakashima Y, Nakahara M, Sumita I, Morita M.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2022.957890	2022
Phylogeny	Oral microbiota transplantation for intra-oral halitosis: a feasibility analysis based on an oral microbiota colonization trial in Wistar rats.	Huang Z, Cheng Y.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/s12866-024-03322-4	2024
	Rapid identification of oral Actinomyces species cultivated from subgingival biofilm by MALDI-TOF-MS.	Stingu CS, Borgmann T, Rodloff AC, Vielkind P, Jentsch H, Schellenberger W, Eschrich K.	J Oral Microbiol	10.3402/jom.v7.26110	2015
Enzymology	Multiple lung abscesses caused by Actinomyces graevenitzii mimicking acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis.	Nagaoka K, Izumikawa K, Yamamoto Y, Yanagihara K, Ohkusu K, Kohno S.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.00761-12	2012
	"Holes" in the Jaw-A Report of Two Cases of Periapical Actinomycosis.	Ayoade F, Olayiwola A, Li A.	Diseases	10.3390/diseases6030079	2018
	Oral-gut microbial transmission promotes diabetic coronary heart disease.	Li Y, Liu Y, Cui J, Zhu M, Wang W, Chen K, Huang L, Liu Y.	Cardiovasc Diabetol	10.1186/s12933-024-02217-y	2024
	Novel bacterial proteolytic and metabolic activity associated with dental erosion-induced oral dysbiosis.	Cleaver LM, Carda-Dieguez M, Moazzez R, Carpenter GH.	Microbiome	10.1186/s40168-023-01514-0	2023
	Loss of Airway Phylogenetic Diversity Is Associated with Clinical and Pathobiological Markers of Disease Development in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.	Opron K, Begley LA, Erb-Downward JR, Li G, Alexis NE, Barjaktarevic I, Barr RG, Bleecker ER, Boucher R, Bowler RP, Christenson SA, Comellas AP, Criner G, Cooper CB, Couper D, Galban CJ, Han MK, Hastie A, Hatt C, Hoffman EA, Kaner RJ, Kesimer M, Krishnan JA, LaFon DC, Martinez FJ, Ortega VE, Peters SP, Paine R, Putcha N, Woodruff PG, Huffnagle GB, Kozik AJ, Curtis JL, Huang YJ, SPIROMICS Investigators.	Am J Respir Crit Care Med	10.1164/rccm.202303-0489oc	2024
Genetics	Evaluation of Extraction Methods for Clinical Metagenomic Assay.	Farraj SA, El-Kafrawy SA, Kumosani TA, Yousef JM, Azhar EI.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms8081128	2020
Genetics	Oral Microbiome Alterations Associated with Early Childhood Caries Highlight the Importance of Carbohydrate Metabolic Activities.	Wang Y, Wang S, Wu C, Chen X, Duan Z, Xu Q, Jiang W, Xu L, Wang T, Su L, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, Huang Y, Tong S, Zhou C, Deng S, Qin N.	mSystems	10.1128/msystems.00450-19	2019
	Oral Microcosm Biofilms Grown under Conditions Progressing from Peri-Implant Health, Peri-Implant Mucositis, and Peri-Implantitis.	Sousa V, Spratt D, Davrandi M, Mardas N, Beltran V, Donos N.	Int J Environ Res Public Health	10.3390/ijerph192114088	2022
Enzymology	Bacterial diversity and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the oral microbiome.	Almeida VSM, Azevedo J, Leal HF, Queiroz ATL, da Silva Filho HP, Reis JN.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0239664	2020
	Tooth Loss and Risk of Lung Cancer among Urban Chinese Adults: A Cohort Study with Meta-Analysis.	Yoon HS, Shu XO, Gao YT, Yang G, Cai H, Shi J, Yang JJ, Rothman N, Lan Q, Zheng W, Cai Q.	Cancers (Basel)	10.3390/cancers14102428	2022
Phylogeny	Salivary Microbiome Diversity in Caries-Free and Caries-Affected Children.	Jiang S, Gao X, Jin L, Lo EC.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms17121978	2016
Metabolism	Clostridium butyricum Potentially Improves Immunity and Nutrition through Alteration of the Microbiota and Metabolism of Elderly People with Malnutrition in Long-Term Care.	Liu L, Chen X, Liu L, Qin H.	Nutrients	10.3390/nu14173546	2022
	The Role of Oral Microbiota in Intra-Oral Halitosis.	Hampelska K, Jaworska MM, Babalska ZL, Karpinski TM.	J Clin Med	10.3390/jcm9082484	2020
Enzymology	Actinomyces--gathering evidence of human colonization and infection.	Hall V.	Anaerobe	10.1016/j.anaerobe.2007.12.001	2008
	SARS-CoV-2 infection elucidates features of pregnancy-specific immunity.	Oh DS, Kim E, Normand R, Lu G, Shook LL, Lyall A, Jasset O, Demidkin S, Gilbert E, Kim J, Akinwunmi B, Tantivit J, Tirard A, Arnold BY, Slowikowski K, MGH COVID-19 Collection & Processing Team, Goldberg MB, Filbin MR, Hacohen N, Nguyen LH, Chan AT, Yu XG, Li JZ, Yonker L, Fasano A, Perlis RH, Pasternak O, Gray KJ, Choi GB, Drew DA, Sen P, Villani AC, Edlow AG, Huh JR.	Cell Rep	10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114933	2024
Phylogeny	Proximal small intestinal microbiota and identification of rod-shaped bacteria associated with childhood celiac disease.	Ou G, Hedberg M, Horstedt P, Baranov V, Forsberg G, Drobni M, Sandstrom O, Wai SN, Johansson I, Hammarstrom ML, Hernell O, Hammarstrom S.	Am J Gastroenterol	10.1038/ajg.2009.524	2009
	Bayesian variable selection for multivariate zero-inflated models: Application to microbiome count data.	Lee KH, Coull BA, Moscicki AB, Paster BJ, Starr JR.	Biostatistics	10.1093/biostatistics/kxy067	2020
	Heterogeneous lineage-specific arginine deiminase expression within dental microbiome species.	Mann AE, Chakraborty B, O'Connell LM, Nascimento MM, Burne RA, Richards VP.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.01445-23	2024
	Effect of gut microbiome modulation on muscle function and cognition: the PROMOTe randomised controlled trial.	Ni Lochlainn M, Bowyer RCE, Moll JM, Garcia MP, Wadge S, Baleanu AF, Nessa A, Sheedy A, Akdag G, Hart D, Raffaele G, Seed PT, Murphy C, Harridge SDR, Welch AA, Greig C, Whelan K, Steves CJ.	Nat Commun	10.1038/s41467-024-46116-y	2024
	Pulmonary actinomycosis complicating infliximab therapy for Crohn disease.	Cohen R, Bowie W, Enns R, Flint J, Fitzgerald M.	BMJ Case Rep	10.1136/bcr.11.2008.1262	2009
Phylogeny	Tongue microbiome of smokeless tobacco users.	Halboub E, Al-Ak'hali MS, Alamir AH, Homeida HE, Baraniya D, Chen T, Al-Hebshi NN.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/s12866-020-01883-8	2020
	The airway microbiota and exacerbations of COPD.	Leiten EO, Nielsen R, Wiker HG, Bakke PS, Martinsen EMH, Drengenes C, Tangedal S, Husebo GR, Eagan TML.	ERJ Open Res	10.1183/23120541.00168-2020	2020
Phylogeny	Dynamic Alterations of Oral Microbiota Related to Halitosis in Preschool Children.	Zhang Y, Zhu C, Cao G, Zhan J, Feng X, Chen X.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2021.599467	2021
	Disentangling the Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Human Gut Microbiota.	Wang T, Guo XK, Xu H.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2021.728823	2021
	Divergent pro-inflammatory profile of human dendritic cells in response to commensal and pathogenic bacteria associated with the airway microbiota.	Larsen JM, Steen-Jensen DB, Laursen JM, Sondergaard JN, Musavian HS, Butt TM, Brix S.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0031976	2012
	Staphylococcus lugdunensis: Novel Organism causing Cochlear Implant Infection.	Bhumbra S, Mahboubi M, Blackwood RA.	Infect Dis Rep	10.4081/idr.2014.5406	2014
	In-Depth Metaproteomics Analysis of Oral Microbiome for Lung Cancer.	Jiang X, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang Z, Hu S, Cao C, Xiao H.	Research (Wash D C)	10.34133/2022/9781578	2022
Phenotype	Daily Exposure to a Cranberry Polyphenol Oral Rinse Alters the Oral Microbiome but Not Taste Perception in PROP Taster Status Classified Individuals.	Yousaf NY, Wu G, Melis M, Mastinu M, Contini C, Cabras T, Tomassini Barbarossa I, Zhao L, Lam YY, Tepper BJ.	Nutrients	10.3390/nu14071492	2022
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Actinomyces species with 12 antimicrobial agents.	Smith AJ, Hall V, Thakker B, Gemmell CG.	J Antimicrob Chemother	10.1093/jac/dki206	2005
	Association between the nasopharyngeal microbiome and metabolome in patients with COVID-19.	Liu J, Liu S, Zhang Z, Lee X, Wu W, Huang Z, Lei Z, Xu W, Chen D, Wu X, Guo Y, Peng L, Lin B, Chong Y, Mou X, Shi M, Lan P, Chen T, Zhao W, Gao Z.	Synth Syst Biotechnol	10.1016/j.synbio.2021.06.002	2021
Pathogenicity	Spatial Ecology of the Human Tongue Dorsum Microbiome.	Wilbert SA, Mark Welch JL, Borisy GG.	Cell Rep	10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.097	2020
Metabolism	Inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis: contribution of bacterial production of long-chain fatty acids.	Felton E, Burrell A, Chaney H, Sami I, Koumbourlis AC, Freishtat RJ, Crandall KA, Hahn A.	Pediatr Res	10.1038/s41390-021-01419-4	2021
	A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Oral Microbiome and Dental Health in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.	Polla D, Astafurov K, Hawy E, Hyman L, Hou W, Danias J.	J Glaucoma	10.1097/ijg.0000000000000465	2017
	Salivary dysbiosis and the clinical spectrum in anti-Ro positive mothers of children with neonatal lupus.	Clancy RM, Marion MC, Ainsworth HC, Blaser MJ, Chang M, Howard TD, Izmirly PM, Lacher C, Masson M, Robins K, Buyon JP, Langefeld CD.	J Autoimmun	10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102354	2020
	Saliva microbiome, dietary, and genetic markers are associated with suicidal ideation in university students.	Ahrens AP, Sanchez-Padilla DE, Drew JC, Oli MW, Roesch LFW, Triplett EW.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-022-18020-2	2022
	Microbiome Profiling Using Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing Identified Unique Microorganisms in COVID-19 Patients With Altered Gut Microbiota.	Li S, Yang S, Zhou Y, Disoma C, Dong Z, Du A, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Huang W, Chen J, Song D, Chen Z, Liu P, Li S, Zheng R, Liu S, Razzaq A, Chen X, Tao S, Yu C, Feng T, Liao W, Peng Y, Jiang T, Huang J, Wu W, Hu L, Wang L, Li S, Xia Z.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2021.712081	2021
Phylogeny	Isolation and cultivation of candidate phyla radiation Saccharibacteria (TM7) bacteria in coculture with bacterial hosts.	Murugkar PP, Collins AJ, Chen T, Dewhirst FE.	J Oral Microbiol	10.1080/20002297.2020.1814666	2020
Enzymology	Disseminated coinfection with Actinomyces graevenitzii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis: case report and review of the literature.	Tietz A, Aldridge KE, Figueroa JE.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.43.6.3017-3022.2005	2005
	Gut microbial co-abundance networks show specificity in inflammatory bowel disease and obesity.	Chen L, Collij V, Jaeger M, van den Munckhof ICL, Vich Vila A, Kurilshikov A, Gacesa R, Sinha T, Oosting M, Joosten LAB, Rutten JHW, Riksen NP, Xavier RJ, Kuipers F, Wijmenga C, Zhernakova A, Netea MG, Weersma RK, Fu J.	Nat Commun	10.1038/s41467-020-17840-y	2020
Enzymology	Acquisition of the arginine deiminase system benefits epiparasitic Saccharibacteria and their host bacteria in a mammalian niche environment.	Tian J, Utter DR, Cen L, Dong PT, Shi W, Bor B, Qin M, McLean JS, He X.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.2114909119	2022
Metabolism	Evaluation of the gut microbiome in association with biological signatures of inflammation in murine polytrauma and shock.	Appiah SA, Foxx CL, Langgartner D, Palmer A, Zambrano CA, Braumuller S, Schaefer EJ, Wachter U, Elam BL, Radermacher P, Stamper CE, Heinze JD, Salazar SN, Luthens AK, Arnold AL, Reber SO, Huber-Lang M, Lowry CA, Halbgebauer R.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-021-85897-w	2021
Metabolism	Immunopathology of childhood celiac disease-Key role of intestinal epithelial cells.	Pietz G, De R, Hedberg M, Sjoberg V, Sandstrom O, Hernell O, Hammarstrom S, Hammarstrom ML.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0185025	2017
	The association of gut microbiota characteristics in Malawian infants with growth and inflammation.	Kamng'ona AW, Young R, Arnold CD, Kortekangas E, Patson N, Jorgensen JM, Prado EL, Chaima D, Malamba C, Ashorn U, Fan YM, Cheung YB, Ashorn P, Maleta K, Dewey KG.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-019-49274-y	2019
	Nanopore sequencing of SARS-CoV-2: Comparison of short and long PCR-tiling amplicon protocols.	Brejova B, Borsova K, Hodorova V, Cabanova V, Gafurov A, Fricova D, Nebohacova M, Vinar T, Klempa B, Nosek J.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0259277	2021
Genetics	Host genetic variation and its microbiome interactions within the Human Microbiome Project.	Kolde R, Franzosa EA, Rahnavard G, Hall AB, Vlamakis H, Stevens C, Daly MJ, Xavier RJ, Huttenhower C.	Genome Med	10.1186/s13073-018-0515-8	2018
	Thoracic vertebral actinomycosis: Actinomyces israelii and Fusobacterium nucleatum.	Honda H, Bankowski MJ, Kajioka EH, Chokrungvaranon N, Kim W, Gallacher ST.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01706-07	2008
Pathogenicity	Influence of chronic azithromycin treatment on the composition of the oropharyngeal microbial community in patients with severe asthma.	Lopes Dos Santos Santiago G, Brusselle G, Dauwe K, Deschaght P, Verhofstede C, Vaneechoutte D, Deschepper E, Jordens P, Joos G, Vaneechoutte M.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/s12866-017-1022-6	2017
	Targeted next-generation sequencing of the 16S-23S rRNA region for culture-independent bacterial identification - increased discrimination of closely related species.	Sabat AJ, van Zanten E, Akkerboom V, Wisselink G, van Slochteren K, de Boer RF, Hendrix R, Friedrich AW, Rossen JWA, Kooistra-Smid AMDM.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-017-03458-6	2017
	Xylitol and sorbitol effects on the microbiome of saliva and plaque.	Rafeek R, Carrington CVF, Gomez A, Harkins D, Torralba M, Kuelbs C, Addae J, Moustafa A, Nelson KE.	J Oral Microbiol	10.1080/20002297.2018.1536181	2019
Genetics	MetaSort untangles metagenome assembly by reducing microbial community complexity.	Ji P, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhao F.	Nat Commun	10.1038/ncomms14306	2017
	Intestinal T-cell responses in celiac disease - impact of celiac disease associated bacteria.	Sjoberg V, Sandstrom O, Hedberg M, Hammarstrom S, Hernell O, Hammarstrom ML.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0053414	2013
	Genome resolved analysis of a premature infant gut microbial community reveals a Varibaculum cambriense genome and a shift towards fermentation-based metabolism during the third week of life.	Brown CT, Sharon I, Thomas BC, Castelle CJ, Morowitz MJ, Banfield JF.	Microbiome	10.1186/2049-2618-1-30	2013
	Actinomyces and related organisms in human infections.	Kononen E, Wade WG.	Clin Microbiol Rev	10.1128/cmr.00100-14	2015
Phylogeny	Genotypic diversity of clinical Actinomyces species: phenotype, source, and disease correlation among genospecies.	Clarridge JE, Zhang Q.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.40.9.3442-3448.2002	2002
	The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.	Rajilic-Stojanovic M, de Vos WM.	FEMS Microbiol Rev	10.1111/1574-6976.12075	2014
Enzymology	Comparison of the vaginal microbiota diversity of women with and without human papillomavirus infection: a cross-sectional study.	Gao W, Weng J, Gao Y, Chen X.	BMC Infect Dis	10.1186/1471-2334-13-271	2013
Phylogeny	Development of amplified 16S ribosomal DNA restriction analysis for identification of Actinomyces species and comparison with pyrolysis-mass spectrometry and conventional biochemical tests.	Hall V, O'Neill GL, Magee JT, Duerden BI.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.37.7.2255-2261.1999	1999
Phylogeny	Actinomyces graevenitzii sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens.	Ramos CP, Falsen E, Alvarez N, Akervall E, Sjoden B, Collins MD	Int J Syst Bacteriol	10.1099/00207713-47-3-885	1997

References

#5989	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 15540
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#23120	Cristina Pascual Ramos, Enevold Falsen, Nerea Alvarez, Eva Akervall, Berit Sjödén, Matthew D. Collins: Actinomyces graevenitzii sp. nov., Isolated from Human Clinical Specimens. IJSEM 47: 885 - 888 1997 ( DOI 10.1099/00207713-47-3-885 , PubMed 9226924 )
#39350	; Curators of the CIP;
#48702	Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) ; Curators of the CCUG; CCUG 27294
#68371	Automatically annotated from API 50CH acid .
#68377	Automatically annotated from API NH .
#68379	Automatically annotated from API Coryne .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#119721	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 105737
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Actinomyces graevenitzii (DSM 15540, CCUG 27294, CIP 105737)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Pigmentation

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Halophily

Metabolite utilization

Antibiotic resistance

Metabolite production

Metabolite tests

Enzymes

API coryne

API zym

API 50CHac

API NH

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Taxonmaps

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

16S sequences

Genome-based predictions

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