Schaalia funkei (DSM 15537, CCUG 42773, CIP 106713)

Name: Schaalia funkei (DSM 15537, CCUG 42773, CIP 106713)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 181

Type strain

Strain Designation Hudd B9912678

Culture col. no. DSM 15537 CCUG 42773 CIP 106713 KCTC 15233 Hudd B9912678

NCBI tax ID(s) 132933

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG KCTC CIP Literature strains

Links

Schaalia funkei Hudd B9912678 is a microaerophile, mesophilic, Gram-positive prokaryote that was isolated from human blood, endocarditis.

Gram-positive rod-shaped microaerophile mesophilic 16S sequence

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 87791

NCTC 14280,KCTC 15233,CCUG 42773,CIP 106713,DSM 15537

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2025-12-16 09:46:48

Domain Bacillati

Phylum Actinomycetota

Class Actinomycetes

Order Actinomycetales

Family Actinomycetaceae

Genus Schaalia

Species Schaalia funkei

Full scientific name Schaalia funkei (Lawson et al. 2001) Nouioui et al. 2018

Synonyms (1)

Actinomyces funkei

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Schaalia funkei** (9)	Type strain
148017	S. funkei CCUG 34685
150164	S. funkei CCUG 39151
151935	S. funkei CCUG 45272
151936	S. funkei CCUG 45273
152300	S. funkei CCUG 46375
154492	S. funkei CCUG 53861 A
156434	S. funkei CCUG 61725
156435	S. funkei CCUG 61726
156436	S. funkei CCUG 61727

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape
23117	positive	rod-shaped
67771		rod-shaped
67771		curved-shaped
67771	positive
119495	positive	rod-shaped

Colony morphology

@ref	Type of hemolysis	Colony size	Colony color	Incubation period	Medium used
23117	gamma	<1.0 mm	grey	1 day	Columbia blood agar
119495

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
5986	FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1203)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1203) Composition: Horse blood 100.0 g/l Fastidious Anaerobe Agar 45.7 g/l Distilled water
5986	COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693) Composition: Defibrinated sheep blood 50.0 g/l Columbia agar base
23117	Columbia blood agar
36419	MEDIUM 6 - Columbia agar with 10 % horse blood		Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Columbia agar (39.000 g);Horseblood (100.000 ml)
119495	CIP Medium 6	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)	Range
5986	positive	growth	37	mesophilic
36419	positive	growth	37	mesophilic
55553	positive	growth	37	mesophilic
67771	positive	growth	37	mesophilic
119495	positive	growth	30-41
119495	negative	growth	10
119495	negative	growth	25
119495	negative	growth	45

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance
5986	microaerophile
23117	facultative anaerobe
55553	anaerobe
55553	microaerophile
67771	microaerophile
119495	facultative anaerobe

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation
23117
67771

Halophily

@ref	Salt	Growth	Tested relation	Concentration
119495	NaCl	positive	growth	0-6 %
119495	NaCl		growth	8 %
119495	NaCl		growth	10 %

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
23117	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-	other
68381	40585 ChEBI	alpha-cyclodextrin	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68381	29016 ChEBI	arginine	-	hydrolysis	from API rID32STR
68380	29016 ChEBI	arginine	+	hydrolysis	from API rID32A
119495	16947 ChEBI	citrate	-	carbon source
23117	23456 ChEBI	cyclodextrin	-	builds acid from
23117	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from
68381	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68379	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68379	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68381	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68380	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	+	fermentation	from API rID32A
68379	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68381	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68381	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
23117	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	+	builds acid from
68379	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
23117	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis
68379	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis	from API Coryne
119495	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis
23117	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	-	hydrolysis
68379	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	-	hydrolysis	from API Coryne
23117	17234 ChEBI	glucose	+	builds acid from
23117	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	builds acid from
68379	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68381	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
23117	606565 ChEBI	hippurate	+	hydrolysis
68381	606565 ChEBI	hippurate	+	hydrolysis	from API rID32STR
119495	606565 ChEBI	hippurate	+	hydrolysis
23117	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from
68381	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68380	29985 ChEBI	L-glutamate	-	degradation	from API rID32A
23117	17716 ChEBI	lactose	+/-	builds acid from
68379	17716 ChEBI	lactose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68381	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
23117	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+/-	builds acid from
68379	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68381	17306 ChEBI	maltose	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
23117	29864 ChEBI	mannitol	-	builds acid from
23117	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from
68381	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
23117	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from
68381	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
23117	320055 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside	-	builds acid from
68381	320055 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
23117	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+/-	reduction
68379	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction	from API Coryne
68380	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction	from API rID32A
119495	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction
119495	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	respiration
119495	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
23117	27941 ChEBI	pullulan	-	builds acid from
68381	27941 ChEBI	pullulan	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
23117	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from
68381	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68380	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	fermentation	from API rID32A
23117	33942 ChEBI	ribose	+/-	builds acid from
23117	30911 ChEBI	sorbitol	-	builds acid from
68381	30911 ChEBI	sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
23117	28017 ChEBI	starch	-	hydrolysis
23117	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from
68379	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68381	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
23117	33954 ChEBI	tagatose	-	builds acid from
23117	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	-	builds acid from
68381	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68380	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API rID32A
68379	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API Coryne
68381	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API rID32STR
68380	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API rID32A

Antibiotic resistance

@ref	Metabolite	Is antibiotic	Is sensitive	Is resistant
119495	0129 (2,4-Diamino-6,7-di-iso-propylpteridine phosphate)

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite
68381	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	from API rID32STR
68380	35581 ChEBI	indole	from API rID32A
119495	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test	Methylred-test	Indole test
68381	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-			from API rID32STR
119495	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-
119495	17234 ChEBI	glucose		-
68380	35581 ChEBI	indole			-	from API rID32A

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
23117	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
68380	alanine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.2	from API rID32A
68381	Alanyl-Phenylalanyl-Proline arylamidase	+		from API rID32STR
119495	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
23117	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68381	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API rID32STR
68379	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API Coryne
68380	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API rID32A
68380	alpha-arabinosidase	-	3.2.1.55	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
23117	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68380	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API rID32A
23117	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68380	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API rID32A
68381	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API rID32STR
23117	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20
68380	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68379	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API Coryne
23117	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
23117	arginine dihydrolase	-	3.5.3.6
68380	arginine dihydrolase	+	3.5.3.6	from API rID32A
68381	arginine dihydrolase	-	3.5.3.6	from API rID32STR
23117	beta-galactosidase	+/-	3.2.1.23
119495	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23
68381	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API rID32STR
68380	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API rID32A
68379	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API Coryne
68380	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphate	-		from API rID32A
23117	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68380	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API rID32A
68379	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API Coryne
68381	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API rID32STR
23117	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
68380	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API rID32A
68379	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API Coryne
68381	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API rID32STR
23117	beta-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.25
68381	beta-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.25	from API rID32STR
119495	caseinase	-	3.4.21.50
23117	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
119495	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
68379	catalase	-	1.11.1.6	from API Coryne
23117	chymotrypsin	-	3.4.4.5
23117	cystine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.3
68382	cystine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.3	from API zym
23117	esterase (C 4)	-
23117	esterase lipase (C 8)	-
119495	gamma-glutamyltransferase	+	2.3.2.2
119495	gelatinase	-
68379	gelatinase	-		from API Coryne
68380	glutamate decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.15	from API rID32A
68380	glutamyl-glutamate arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	glycin arylamidase	+		from API rID32A
23117	glycyl tryptophan arylamidase	-
68381	glycyl tryptophan arylamidase	-		from API rID32STR
68380	histidine arylamidase	+		from API rID32A
68380	L-arginine arylamidase	+		from API rID32A
23117	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68380	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API rID32A
68380	leucyl glycin arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API rID32A
23117	lipase (C 14)	-
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
119495	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
23117	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+/-	3.2.1.52
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68379	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API Coryne
68381	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API rID32STR
68380	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API rID32A
119495	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
119495	oxidase	-
119495	phenylalanine ammonia-lyase	-	4.3.1.24
68380	phenylalanine arylamidase	+		from API rID32A
68380	proline-arylamidase	+	3.4.11.5	from API rID32A
23117	pyrazinamidase	+/-	3.5.1.B15
68379	pyrazinamidase	+	3.5.1.B15	from API Coryne
23117	pyroglutamic acid arylamidase	-
23117	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	-	3.4.19.3
68381	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	-	3.4.19.3	from API rID32STR
68380	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	-	3.4.19.3	from API rID32A
68379	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	-	3.4.19.3	from API Coryne
68380	serine arylamidase	+		from API rID32A
23117	tripeptide aminopeptidase	+	3.4.11.4
23117	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
119495	tryptophan deaminase	-
68380	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1	from API rID32A
68380	tyrosine arylamidase	+		from API rID32A
23117	urease	-	3.5.1.5
119495	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68381	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API rID32STR
68380	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API rID32A
68379	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API Coryne
23117	valine arylamidase	-
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

Fatty acid profile

Metadata FA analysis

@ref

55553

Fatty acid	Percentage	ECL
C18:2 ω6,9c/C18:0 ANTE	31.7	17.724
C16:0	26.1	16
C18:1 ω9c	22	17.769
C18:0	15.8	18
C16:1 ω7c	2.4	15.819
C14:0	2.1	14

Metadata FA analysis

@ref

55553

Fatty acid	Percentage	ECL
C18:2 ω6,9c/C18:0 ANTE	28.8	17.724
C18:0	24.5	18
C16:0	23	16
C18:1 ω9c	20.5	17.769
C16:1 ω7c	1.3	15.819
C14:0	1	14
C17:0	1	17

API coryne

@ref	Reduction of nitrateNIT	PYZ	PYRA	PAL	beta GUR	beta GAL	alpha GLU	beta NAG	ESC	URE	GEL	Control fermentationControl	GLU	RIB	XYL	MAN	MAL	LAC	SAC	GLYG	CAT
55553	+	+	-	+	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	-

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
55553	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	-
119495	-	+	+	+	-	+	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	-

API rID32A

@ref	URE	ADH (Arg)	alpha GAL	beta GAL	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphatebeta GP	alpha GLU	beta GLU	alpha ARA	beta GUR	beta-N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidasebeta NAG	MNE	RAF	GDC	alpha FUC	Reduction of nitrateNIT	IND	PAL	L-arginine arylamidaseArgA	ProA	LGA	Phenylalanine arylamidasePheA	Leucine arylamidaseLeuA	PyrA	Tyrosine arylamidaseTyrA	Alanine arylamidaseAlaA	Glycin arylamidaseGlyA	Histidine arylamidaseHisA	Glutamyl-glutamate arylamidaseGGA	Serine arylamidaseSerA
55553	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	-	+

API rID32STR

@ref	ADH (Arg)	beta GLU	beta GAR	beta GUR	alpha GAL	PAL	RIB	MAN	SOR	LAC	TRE	RAF	SAC	LARA	DARL	Acid from alpha-cyclodextrinCDEX	Acetoin production (Voges Proskauer test)VP	Alanyl-Phenylalanyl-Proline arylamidaseAPPA	beta GAL	Pyrrolidonyl arylamidasePyrA	N-Acetyl-glucosaminidasebeta NAG	Glycyl-tryptophan arylamidaseGTA	HIP	GLYG	PUL	MAL	MEL	MLZ	Acidification of methyl beta-D-glucopyranosideMbeta DG	TAG	beta MAN	URE
55553	-	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Infection	#Disease	-
#Infection	#Patient	-
#Host	#Human	#Female
#Infection	#Inflammation	-
#Host Body Product	#Fluids	#Blood

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Sampling date	Geographic location	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent	Isolation date
5986	human blood, endocarditis		Huddinge	Sweden	SWE	Europe
23117	40-year-old female intravenous drug user with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis
55553	Human blood,endocarditis,clinically documented	1999-09-21	Huddinge	Sweden	SWE	Europe
67771	From human blood, endocarditis, clinically documented		Huddinge	Sweden	SWE	Europe
119495	Human, Blood		Huddinge	Sweden	SWE	Europe	1999

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence NR_028960 (>99% sequence identity) for Actinomyces from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	62
Soil Samples	9
Animal Samples	1196
Plant Samples	9
Total Samples	1276

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
5986	2	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
119495	2	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
5986	Actinomyces funkeii partial 16S rRNA gene, strain CCUG 42773	AJ404889	1395		132933
67771	Schaalia funkei strain CCUG 42773 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence	NR_028960	1366		132933

Genome-based predictions

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Genetics	Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria.	Nouioui I, Carro L, Garcia-Lopez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Goker M.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007	2018
Genetics	Genome characterisation and comparative analysis of Schaalia dentiphila sp. nov. and its subspecies, S. dentiphila subsp. denticola subsp. nov., from the human oral cavity.	Tian X, Teo WFA, Yang Y, Dong L, Wong A, Chen L, Ahmed H, Choo SW, Jakubovics NS, Tan GYA.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/s12866-024-03346-w	2024
Phylogeny	Actinomyces funkei sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens.	Lawson PA, Nikolaitchouk N, Falsen E, Westling K, Collins MD	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/00207713-51-3-853	2001

References

#5986	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 15537
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#23117	P A Lawson, N Nikolaitchouk, E Falsen, K Westling, M D Collins: Actinomyces funkei sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens.. IJSEM 51: 853 - 855 2001 ( DOI 10.1099/00207713-51-3-853 , PubMed 11411706 )
#36419	; Curators of the CIP;
#55553	Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) ; Curators of the CCUG; CCUG 42773
#67771	Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC) ; Curators of the KCTC;
#68379	Automatically annotated from API Coryne .
#68380	Automatically annotated from API rID32A .
#68381	Automatically annotated from API rID32STR .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#119495	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 106713
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Schaalia funkei (DSM 15537, CCUG 42773, CIP 106713)

Name and taxonomic classification