Streptomyces somaliensis (DSM 40738, ATCC 33201, IMRU 1274)

Name: Streptomyces somaliensis (DSM 40738, ATCC 33201, IMRU 1274)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 15604

Type strain

Culture col. no. DSM 40738 ATCC 33201 IMRU 1274 IP 733 VKM Ac-1898 5 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 1134445 78355

Special Collections DSMZ JCM KCTC

Links

Streptomyces somaliensis DSM 40738 is a mesophilic prokaryote that was isolated from mycetoma on foot of 20-year old male.

mesophilic genome sequence 16S sequence

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 360119

ATCC 33201,DSM 40738,KCTC 9044,NCTC 11332,CIP 733,JCM 12659,NRRL B-12077

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2025-12-16 09:50:38

Domain Bacillati

Phylum Actinomycetota

Class Actinomycetes

Order Kitasatosporales

Family Streptomycetaceae

Genus Streptomyces

Species Streptomyces somaliensis

Full scientific name Streptomyces somaliensis (Brumpt 1906) Waksman and Henrici 1948 (Approved Lists 1980)

Synonyms (1)

"Indiella somaliensis"

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Streptomyces somaliensis** (12)	Type strain
15603	S. somaliensis Rhartoum, DSM 40267, ATCC 19437, ATCC 23964, ...
15605	S. somaliensis 632, M 4054, DSM 40760, ATCC 14817, NIH 9986
15606	S. somaliensis A 29, A-310, DSM 41607, IP 314
15607	S. somaliensis A 235, DSM 41608, NCPF 1069
15608	S. somaliensis A 236, DSM 41609, NCPF 1070
15609	S. somaliensis A 239, DSM 41610, NCPF 1220
15610	S. somaliensis A 320, DSM 41612, IP 313
128254	S. somaliensis ST028314(HKI), 239/8,
128255	S. somaliensis STI40135(IMET), INA1461/54, IMET 40135
152013	S. somaliensis CCUG 45534
152485	S. somaliensis CCUG 46915
156143	S. somaliensis CCUG 60535

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Confidence	Gram stain
125438	91
125438	90.143	positive
125439	99.7	positive

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Medium link	Composition
9741	GYM STREPTOMYCES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 65)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: GYM STREPTOMYCES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 65) Composition: Agar 18.0 g/l Malt extract 10.0 g/l Yeast extract 4.0 g/l Glucose 4.0 g/l CaCO3 2.0 g/l Distilled water
9741	SPORULATION-AGAR (SA) (DSMZ Medium 555)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: SPORULATION-AGAR (SA) (DSMZ Medium 555) Composition: Agar 15.0 g/l Glucose 10.0 g/l Tryptone peptone 2.0 g/l Beef extract 1.0 g/l Yeast extract 1.0 g/l FeSO4 Distilled water

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)	Range
9741	positive	growth	28	mesophilic
67770	positive	growth	28	mesophilic

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
125438	aerobe	90.011
125439	facultative anaerobe	97.1

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125439		94.2

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Infection	#Disease	-
#Infection	#Patient	-
#Host Body-Site	#Limb	#Foot
#Host	#Human	#Male

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent
9741	mycetoma on foot of 20-year old male	Somalia	SOM	Africa
67770	Mycetoma on foot of a 20-year-old male	Somalia	SOM	Africa

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence AJ007403 (>99% sequence identity) for Streptomyces from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	41
Soil Samples	538
Animal Samples	100
Plant Samples	96
Total Samples	775

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
9741	2	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
67770	Ssomaliensis1 assembly for Streptomyces somaliensis DSM 40738	contig	GCA_000258595	1134445.3	2548876818	1134445	30.08
66792	ASM2434928v1 assembly for Streptomyces somaliensis DSM 40738	scaffold	GCA_024349285	1134445.11		1134445	1.14
67770	ASM1239611v1 assembly for Streptomyces somaliensis DSM 40738	contig	GCA_012396115	1134445.8	8119623074	1134445

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
20218	Streptomyces somaliensis strain DSM 40738, 16S rRNA gene	AJ007403	1483		1134445
20218	Streptomyces somaliensis DSM 40738 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AY999731	1450		1134445

GC content

@ref	GC-content (mol%)	Method
67770	74.1	genome sequence analysis

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Streptomyces somaliensis DSM 40738
NCBI: GCA_024349285

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	facultative anaerobe	97.10	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	positive	99.70	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	86.50	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	94.20	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Streptomyces somaliensis DSM 40738
PATRIC: 1134445.8

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	90.14	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	97.21	no
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	yes	82.63	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	yes	90.01	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	89.93	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	91.00	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Characterization and Bioactive Metabolite Profiling of Streptomyces sp. Y009: A Mangrove-Derived Actinomycetia with Anticancer and Antioxidant Potential.	Yu B, Zeng W, Zhou Y, Li N, Liang Z.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms12112300	2024
Genetics	The Genome Analysis of the Human Lung-Associated Streptomyces sp. TR1341 Revealed the Presence of Beneficial Genes for Opportunistic Colonization of Human Tissues.	Lara AC, Corretto E, Kotrbova L, Lorenc F, Petrickova K, Grabic R, Chronakova A.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms9081547	2021
	Discovery and Biosynthesis of Nyuzenamides D and E by Genome Mining in Streptomyces hygroscopicus.	Lum KY, Kumar R, Yang Z, Souza LDO, Jarmusch SA, Moreira JMA, Morth JP, Ding L.	ACS Omega	10.1021/acsomega.5c03067	2025
	Streptomyces albireticuli lung infection managed as a pulmonary air cyst: a case report and literature review.	Liu J, Xu Z, Bai Y, Feng J, Xu L, Li F.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2023.1296491	2023
Genetics	Genome mining reveals the origin of a bald phenotype and a cryptic nucleocidin gene cluster in Streptomyces asterosporus DSM 41452.	Zhang S, Klementz D, Zhu J, Makitrynskyy R, Ola Pasternak AR, Gunther S, Zechel DL, Bechthold A.	J Biotechnol	10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.12.016	2019
	Systematic whole-genome sequencing reveals an unexpected diversity among actinomycetoma pathogens and provides insights into their antibacterial susceptibilities.	Watson AK, Kepplinger B, Bakhiet SM, Bakhiet SM, Mhmoud NA, Chapman J, Allenby NE, Mickiewicz K, Goodfellow M, Fahal AH, Errington J.	PLoS Negl Trop Dis	10.1371/journal.pntd.0010128	2022
Genetics	Genome sequence of the aurodox-producing bacterium Streptomyces goldiniensis ATCC 21386.	McHugh RE, Munnoch JT, Roe AJ, Hoskisson PA.	Access Microbiol	10.1099/acmi.0.000358	2022
Metabolism	Purification and characterization of extracellular laccase produced by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and decolorization of triphenylmethane dyes.	Chmelova D, Ondrejovic M.	J Basic Microbiol	10.1002/jobm.201600152	2016
	Mold Fungal Resistance of Loose-Fill Thermal Insulation Materials Based on Processed Wheat Straw, Corn Stalk and Reed.	Tupciauskas R, Orlovskis Z, Blums KT, Liepins J, Berzins A, Pavlovics G, Andzs M.	Polymers (Basel)	10.3390/polym16040562	2024
Genetics	Data on DNA-seq analysis of Endophytic Streptomyces sp. SUK 48.	Ahmad SJ, Zin NM.	Data Brief	10.1016/j.dib.2021.106768	2021
Enzymology	Draft genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. strain F1, a potential source for glycoside hydrolases isolated from Brazilian soil.	Melo RR, Persinoti GF, Paixao DAA, Squina FM, Ruller R, Sato HH.	Braz J Microbiol	10.1016/j.bjm.2016.11.010	2017
Transcriptome	Recently published Streptomyces genome sequences.	Harrison J, Studholme DJ.	Microb Biotechnol	10.1111/1751-7915.12143	2014
	Generation of an actagardine A variant library through saturation mutagenesis.	Boakes S, Ayala T, Herman M, Appleyard AN, Dawson MJ, Cortes J.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-012-4041-0	2012
	Dioxane Bridge Formation during the Biosynthesis of Spectinomycin Involves a Twitch Radical S-Adenosyl Methionine Dehydrogenase That May Have Evolved from an Epimerase.	Zhang J, Hou X, Chen Z, Ko Y, Ruszczycky MW, Chen Y, Zhou J, Liu HW.	J Am Chem Soc	10.1021/jacs.2c02676	2022
	Two 3'-O-beta-glucosylated nucleoside fluorometabolites related to nucleocidin in Streptomyces calvus.	Feng X, Bello D, Lowe PT, Clark J, O'Hagan D.	Chem Sci	10.1039/c9sc03374b	2019
	Draft Genome Sequence of Thiostrepton-Producing Streptomyces azureus ATCC 14921.	Sakihara K, Maeda J, Tashiro K, Fujino Y, Kuhara S, Ohshima T, Ogata S, Doi K.	Genome Announc	10.1128/genomea.01183-15	2015
	More P450s Are Involved in Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis in Streptomyces Compared to Bacillus, Cyanobacteria, and Mycobacterium.	Mnguni FC, Padayachee T, Chen W, Gront D, Yu JH, Nelson DR, Syed K.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms21134814	2020
	Enzymatic Biosynthesis of Simple Phenolic Glycosides as Potential Anti-Melanogenic Antioxidants.	Jung H, Oh J, Kwon Y, Kang W, Seo M, Seol Y, Park JW.	Antioxidants (Basel)	10.3390/antiox11071396	2022
Metabolism	Identification, Cloning and Heterologous Expression of the Gene Cluster Directing RES-701-3, -4 Lasso Peptides Biosynthesis from a Marine Streptomyces Strain.	Oves-Costales D, Sanchez-Hidalgo M, Martin J, Genilloud O.	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md18050238	2020
	Molecular Characterization of Plasmids Harbored by Actinomycetes Isolated From the Great Salt Plains of Oklahoma Using PFGE and Next Generation Whole Genome Sequencing.	Cornell CR, Marasini D, Marasini D, Fakhr MK.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2018.02282	2018
Enzymology	Epoxinnamide: An Epoxy Cinnamoyl-Containing Nonribosomal Peptide from an Intertidal Mudflat-Derived Streptomyces sp.	Kang S, Han J, Jang SC, An JS, Kang I, Kwon Y, Nam SJ, Shim SH, Cho JC, Lee SK, Oh DC.	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md20070455	2022
Metabolism	The l-Alanosine Gene Cluster Encodes a Pathway for Diazeniumdiolate Biosynthesis.	Ng TL, McCallum ME, Zheng CR, Wang JX, Wu KJY, Balskus EP.	Chembiochem	10.1002/cbic.201900565	2020
	P450-mediated dehydrotyrosine formation during WS9326 biosynthesis proceeds via dehydrogenation of a specific acylated dipeptide substrate.	Zhang S, Zhang L, Greule A, Tailhades J, Marschall E, Prasongpholchai P, Leng DJ, Zhang J, Zhu J, Kaczmarski JA, Schittenhelm RB, Einsle O, Jackson CJ, Alberti F, Bechthold A, Zhang Y, Tosin M, Si T, Cryle MJ.	Acta Pharm Sin B	10.1016/j.apsb.2023.03.021	2023
Enzymology	Purification, characterization, cytotoxicity and anticancer activities of L-asparaginase, anti-colon cancer protein, from the newly isolated alkaliphilic Streptomyces fradiae NEAE-82.	El-Naggar NE, Deraz SF, Soliman HM, El-Deeb NM, El-Ewasy SM.	Sci Rep	10.1038/srep32926	2016
	Safety evaluation of the food enzyme chymosin from the genetically modified Aspergillus niger strain DSM 29546.	EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP), Silano V, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lambre C, Lampi E, Mengelers M, Mortensen A, Riviere G, Steffensen IL, Tlustos C, Van Loveren H, Vernis L, Zorn H, Aguilera J, Andryszkiewicz M, de Sousa RF, Liu Y, di Piazza G, Rainieri S, Chesson A.	EFSA J	10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7465	2022
	Mycelial differentiation and spore formation by Streptomyces brasiliensis in submerged culture.	Rueda B, Miguelez EM, Hardisson C, Manzanal MB.	Can J Microbiol	10.1139/cjm-47-11-1042	2001
Metabolism	Changes in glycogen and trehalose content of Streptomyces brasiliensis hyphae during growth in liquid cultures under sporulating and non-sporulating conditions.	Rueda B, Miguelez EM, Hardisson C, Manzanal MB.	FEMS Microbiol Lett	10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb09466.x	2001
	Evidence for an iterative module in chain elongation on the azalomycin polyketide synthase.	Hong H, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Stephens E, Samborskyy M, Leadlay PF.	Beilstein J Org Chem	10.3762/bjoc.12.206	2016
Metabolism	New WS9326A Derivatives and One New Annimycin Derivative with Antimalarial Activity are Produced by Streptomyces asterosporus DSM 41452 and Its Mutant.	Zhang S, Zhu J, Zechel DL, Jessen-Trefzer C, Eastman RT, Paululat T, Bechthold A.	Chembiochem	10.1002/cbic.201700428	2018
	Synthesis of allysine ethylene acetal using phenylalanine dehydrogenase from Thermoactinomyces intermedius.	Hanson RL, Howell JM, LaPorte TL, Donovan MJ, Cazzulino DL, Zannella V, Montana MA, Nanduri VB, Schwarz SR, Eiring RF, Durand SC, Wasylyk JM, Parker WL, Liu MS, Okuniewicz FJ, Chen B, Harris JC, Natalie KJ, Ramig K, Swaminathan S, Rosso VW, Pack SK, Lotz BT, Bernot PJ, Rusowicz A, Lust DA, Tse KS, Venit JJ, Szarka LJ, Patel RN.	Enzyme Microb Technol	10.1016/s0141-0229(99)00175-1	2000
	Genotyping-Guided Discovery of Persiamycin A From Sponge-Associated Halophilic Streptomonospora sp. PA3.	Matroodi S, Siitonen V, Baral B, Yamada K, Akhgari A, Metsa-Ketela M.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2020.01237	2020
	New Lipase for Biodiesel Production: Partial Purification and Characterization of LipSB 25-4.	Ugur A, Sarac N, Boran R, Ayaz B, Ceylan O, Okmen G.	ISRN Biochem	10.1155/2014/289749	2014
Metabolism	MS-282a and MS-282b, new inhibitors of calmodulin-activated myosin light chain kinase from Streptomyces tauricus ATCC 27470.	Nakanishi S, Kita K, Uosaki Y, Yoshida M, Saitoh Y, Mihara A, Kawamoto I, Matsuda Y.	J Antibiot (Tokyo)	10.7164/antibiotics.47.855	1994
Metabolism	d-Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate is a common precursor for the heptoses of septacidin and hygromycin B.	Tang W, Guo Z, Cao Z, Wang M, Li P, Meng X, Zhao X, Xie Z, Wang W, Zhou A, Lou C, Chen Y.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.1711665115	2018
	Characterization of two different types of resistance genes among producers of fortimicin-group antibiotics.	Ohta T, Dairi T, Hasegawa M.	J Gen Microbiol	10.1099/00221287-139-3-591	1993
Enzymology	Rat hormone sensitive lipase inhibition by cyclipostins and their analogs.	Vasilieva E, Dutta S, Malla RK, Martin BP, Spilling CD, Dupureur CM.	Bioorg Med Chem	10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.028	2015
	Partner choice and fidelity stabilize coevolution in a Cretaceous-age defensive symbiosis.	Kaltenpoth M, Roeser-Mueller K, Koehler S, Peterson A, Nechitaylo TY, Stubblefield JW, Herzner G, Seger J, Strohm E.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.1400457111	2014
	Purine Auxotrophic Mutants with Altered Spore Color in Streptomyces azureus. ATCC 14921.	Yamada S, Hayashida S, Ogata S.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.56.2.575-577.1990	1990
Metabolism	KorSA from the Streptomyces integrative element pSAM2 is a central transcriptional repressor: target genes and binding sites.	Sezonov G, Possoz C, Friedmann A, Pernodet JL, Guerineau M.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.182.5.1243-1250.2000	2000
	Identification and localization of the gene cluster encoding biosynthesis of the antitumor macrolactam leinamycin in Streptomyces atroolivaceus S-140.	Cheng YQ, Tang GL, Shen B.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.184.24.7013-7024.2002	2002
	Action spectra for photoreactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli and Streptomyces griseus.	KELNER A.	J Gen Physiol	10.1085/jgp.34.6.835	1951
Enzymology	Distribution of a Nocardia brasiliensis catalase gene fragment in members of the genera Nocardia, Gordona, and Rhodococcus.	Vera-Cabrera L, Johnson WM, Welsh O, Resendiz-Uresti FL, Salinas-Carmona MC.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.37.6.1971-1976.1999	1999
Enzymology	Rapid identification of clinically significant species and taxa of aerobic actinomycetes, including Actinomadura, Gordona, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces, and Tsukamurella isolates, by DNA amplification and restriction endonuclease analysis.	Steingrube VA, Wilson RW, Brown BA, Jost KC, Blacklock Z, Gibson JL, Wallace RJ.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.35.4.817-822.1997	1997
Genetics	Draft genome sequence of the human pathogen Streptomyces somaliensis, a significant cause of actinomycetoma.	Kirby R, Sangal V, Tucker NP, Zakrzewska-Czerwinska J, Wierzbicka K, Herron PR, Chu CJ, Chandra G, Fahal AH, Goodfellow M, Hoskisson PA	J Bacteriol	10.1128/JB.00534-12	2012
Phylogeny	Streptomyces cupreus sp. nov., an antimicrobial producing actinobacterium isolated from Himalayan soil.	Maiti PK, Mandal S.	Arch Microbiol	10.1007/s00203-020-02160-y	2021
Phylogeny	Streptomyces tunisiensis sp. nov., a novel Streptomyces species with antibacterial activity.	Slama N, Mankai H, Ayed A, Mezhoud K, Rauch C, Lazim H, Barkallah I, Gtari M, Limam F.	Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek	10.1007/s10482-013-0086-z	2014
	Identification and genomic analyses of a novel endophytic actinobacterium Streptomyces endophytica sp. nov. with potential for biocontrol of yam anthracnose.	Zhou S, Zhou Y, Li C, Wu W, Xu Y, Xia W, Huang D, Huang X.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1139456	2023
Phylogeny	Emended description of Actinomyces naeslundii and descriptions of Actinomyces oris sp. nov. and Actinomyces johnsonii sp. nov., previously identified as Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1, 2 and WVA 963.	Henssge U, Do T, Radford DR, Gilbert SC, Clark D, Beighton D.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.000950-0	2009

References

#9741	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 40738
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Streptomyces somaliensis (DSM 40738, ATCC 33201, IMRU 1274)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Taxonmaps

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_000258595

16S sequences

GC content

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

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