Streptomyces azureus (DSM 40106, ATCC 14921, CBS 467.68)

Cell morphology

Multimedia

• @ref:	9317
  multimedia content:	DSM_40106.jpg
  multimedia.multimedia content:	https://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/photos/DSM_40106.jpg
  caption:	Medium 65 28°C
  intellectual property rights:	© Leibniz-Institut DSMZ
  manual_annotation:	1

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Medium link	Composition
9317	GYM STREPTOMYCES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 65)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: GYM STREPTOMYCES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 65) Composition: Agar 18.0 g/l Malt extract 10.0 g/l Yeast extract 4.0 g/l Glucose 4.0 g/l CaCO3 2.0 g/l Distilled water
9317	ROLLED OATS MINERAL MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 84)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: ROLLED OATS MINERAL MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 84) Composition: Agar 20.0 g/l Rolled oats 20.0 g/l ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.001 g/l MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.001 g/l FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.001 g/l Distilled water

Culture temp

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Compound production

Halophily

Tolerance

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
18535	22599 ChEBI	arabinose	+
68368	29016 ChEBI	arginine	+	hydrolysis	from API 20E
68368	16947 ChEBI	citrate	+	assimilation	from API 20E
18535	28757 ChEBI	fructose	+
68368	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	-	hydrolysis	from API 20E
18535	17234 ChEBI	glucose	+
68368	25094 ChEBI	lysine	+	degradation	from API 20E
18535	29864 ChEBI	mannitol	+
18535	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	+
68368	18257 ChEBI	ornithine	+	degradation	from API 20E
18535	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	+
18535	26546 ChEBI	rhamnose	+
18535	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+/-
68368	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API 20E
68368	16199 ChEBI	urea	+	hydrolysis	from API 20E
18535	18222 ChEBI	xylose	+

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
68368	15688 ChEBI	acetoin		from API 20E
68368	16136 ChEBI	hydrogen sulfide		from API 20E
68368	35581 ChEBI	indole		from API 20E
67770	29693 ChEBI	thiostrepton

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test	Indole test
68368	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	+		from API 20E
68368	35581 ChEBI	indole		-	from API 20E

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68368	arginine dihydrolase	+	3.5.3.6	from API 20E
68368	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API 20E
68368	gelatinase	-		from API 20E
68368	lysine decarboxylase	+	4.1.1.18	from API 20E
68368	ornithine decarboxylase	+	4.1.1.17	from API 20E
68368	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1	from API 20E
68368	urease	+	3.5.1.5	from API 20E

API 20E

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence EF178674 (>99% sequence identity) for Streptomyces from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	2
Soil Samples	112
Animal Samples	49
Plant Samples	3
Total Samples	166

Risk assessment

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
67770	Sazu_1.0 assembly for Streptomyces azureus ATCC 14921	scaffold	GCA_001270025	146537.3	2775507102	146537	6.99

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
20218	Streptomyces cyaneus partial 16S rRNA gene, strain ISP 5106	AJ399470	1449		1904
20218	Streptomyces cyaneus gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 4564	D44234	121		1904
20218	Streptomyces azureus gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: NBRC 12744	AB184837	1479		146537
20218	Streptomyces azureus strain NRRL B-2655 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	EF178674	1516		146537

GC content

Predictions

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Metabolism	Nucleophilic 1,4-additions for natural product discovery.	Cox CL, Tietz JI, Sokolowski K, Melby JO, Doroghazi JR, Mitchell DA.	ACS Chem Biol	10.1021/cb500324n	2014
	Multicopy derivative of pock-forming plasmid pSA1 in Streptomyces azureus.	Miyoshi YK, Ogata S, Hayashida S.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.168.1.452-454.1986	1986
	Mechanism of Action of Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-Translationally Modified Peptides.	Ongpipattanakul C, Desormeaux EK, DiCaprio A, van der Donk WA, Mitchell DA, Nair SK.	Chem Rev	10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00210	2022
Pathogenicity	Resistance to thiostrepton, siomycin, and sporangiomycin in actinomycetes that produce them.	Thompson J, Cundliffe E.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.142.2.455-461.1980	1980
Pathogenicity	Inhibition of ribosomal A site functions by sporangiomycin and micrococcin.	Cundliffe E, Dixon PD.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.8.1.1	1975
Pathogenicity	Biochemical characterization of resistance determinants cloned from antibiotic-producing streptomycetes.	Thompson CJ, Skinner RH, Thompson J, Ward JM, Hopwood DA, Cundliffe E.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.151.2.678-685.1982	1982
	Exploring the Potentiality of Native Actinobacteria to Combat the Chilli Fruit Rot Pathogens under Post-Harvest Pathosystem.	Renuka R, Prabakar K, Anandham R, Pugalendhi L, Rajendran L, Raguchander T, Karthikeyan G.	Life (Basel)	10.3390/life13020426	2023
Phylogeny	A Novel Genus of Actinobacterial Tectiviridae.	Caruso SM, deCarvalho TN, Huynh A, Morcos G, Kuo N, Parsa S, Erill I.	Viruses	10.3390/v11121134	2019
	Complete sequences of pIJ101-based Streptomyces-Escherichia coli shuttle vectors.	Brown KV, Nybo SE.	Access Microbiol	10.1099/acmi.0.000893.v3	2024
	Thiostrepton Suppresses the Progression of Rhabdomyosarcoma by Inhibiting the PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway.	Wang Y, Hong P, Gao Z, Ma W, Hu Z, Lin J, Cui K, Shi Q, Tian XM, Wei G.	Pediatr Discov	10.1002/pdi3.70014	2025
	Rapid detection of avipoxvirus using a fluorescent probe-based multienzyme isothermal amplification assay.	Zhu Y, Huo S, Chen L, Fu Y, Hua J, Yun T, Zhang C, Ni Z, Ye W.	Front Vet Sci	10.3389/fvets.2025.1601685	2025
	Characterization of two bacterial multi-flavinylated proteins harboring multiple covalent flavin cofactors.	Tong Y, Rozeboom HJ, Loonstra MR, Wijma HJ, Fraaije MW.	BBA Adv	10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100097	2023
	Thiostrepton induces apoptotic cell death at the level of BCL-2/CED-9 in C. elegans.	Al-Kaabi A, Ali TA, Izadi M, Prabhu KS, Uddin S, Pourkarimi E.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-025-09446-5	2025
	A new paradigm for the regulation of A40926B0 biosynthesis.	Liu YQ, Zheng YL, Xu Y, Liu XY, Xia TY, Zhao QW, Li YQ.	Synth Syst Biotechnol	10.1016/j.synbio.2025.03.012	2025
	Mode of Action and Mechanisms of Resistance to the Unusual Polyglycosylated Thiopeptide Antibiotic Persiathiacin A.	Woodgate J, Sumang FA, Salliss ME, Belousoff M, Ward AC, Challis GL, Zenkin N, Errington J, Dashti Y.	ACS Infect Dis	10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00503	2025
	Rapid and sensitive detection of chikungunya virus using one-tube, reverse transcription, semi-nested multi-enzyme isothermal rapid amplification, and lateral flow dipstick assays.	Wu X, Liu G, Chang Y, Zheng M, Liu L, Xia X, Feng Y.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.00383-24	2024
	Rapid and sensitive detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using nested multi-enzyme isothermal rapid amplification in a single reaction.	Chang Y, Zhang M, Liu G, Wu X, Yan Q, Yang C, Liu L, Feng Y, Xia X.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.00887-24	2024
	Functional Prediction of trans-Prenyltransferases Reveals the Distribution of GFPPSs in Species beyond the Brassicaceae Clade.	Zhang J, Ma Y, Chen Q, Yang M, Feng D, Zhou F, Wang G, Wang C.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms23169471	2022
Transcriptome	Effects of the pleiotropic regulator DasR on lincomycin production in Streptomyces lincolnensis.	Pai H, Liu Y, Zhang C, Su J, Lu W.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-024-13201-7	2024
	Thiostrepton-Nanomedicine, a TLR9 Inhibitor, Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Inflammation in Mice.	Esparza K, Oliveira SD, Castellon M, Minshall RD, Onyuksel H.	Mediators Inflamm	10.1155/2023/4035516	2023
	Expression analysis of the spi gene in the pock-forming plasmid pSA1.1 from Streptomyces azureus and localization of its product during differentiation.	Doi K, Ohyama Y, Yokoyama E, Nishiyama T, Fujino Y, Nagayoshi Y, Ohshima T, Ogata S.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-012-4000-9	2012
Pathogenicity	Thiostrepton Hijacks Pyoverdine Receptors To Inhibit Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	Ranieri MRM, Chan DCK, Yaeger LN, Rudolph M, Karabelas-Pittman S, Abdo H, Chee J, Harvey H, Nguyen U, Burrows LL.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00472-19	2019
	In Vivo Ribosome-Amplified MetaBOlism, RAMBO, Effect Observed by Real Time Pulse Chase, RTPC, NMR Spectroscopy.	Yu J, Sciolino N, Breindel L, Lin Q, Burz DS, Shekhtman A.	Biochemistry	10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00086	2025
	UmetaFlow: an untargeted metabolomics workflow for high-throughput data processing and analysis.	Kontou EE, Walter A, Alka O, Pfeuffer J, Sachsenberg T, Mohite OS, Nuhamunada M, Kohlbacher O, Weber T.	J Cheminform	10.1186/s13321-023-00724-w	2023
	Small molecule inducers of actinobacteria natural product biosynthesis.	Alwali AY, Parkinson EI.	J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1093/jimb/kuad019	2023
	Thiostrepton induces ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through STAT3/GPX4 signalling.	Zhang W, Gong M, Zhang W, Mo J, Zhang S, Zhu Z, Wang X, Zhang B, Qian W, Wu Z, Ma Q, Wang Z.	Cell Death Dis	10.1038/s41419-022-05082-3	2022
Genetics	Whole genome sequencing of Streptomyces actuosus ISP-5337, Streptomyces sioyaensis B-5408, and Actinospica acidiphila B-2296 reveals secondary metabolomes with antibiotic potential.	Majer HM, Ehrlich RL, Ahmed A, Earl JP, Ehrlich GD, Beld J.	Biotechnol Rep (Amst)	10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00596	2021
Metabolism	6S-Like scr3559 RNA Affects Development and Antibiotic Production in Streptomyces coelicolor.	Bobek J, Mikulova A, Setinova D, Elliot M, Cihak M.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms9102004	2021
	Microbial Inoculants as Plant Biostimulants: A Review on Risk Status.	Kumari M, Swarupa P, Kesari KK, Kumar A.	Life (Basel)	10.3390/life13010012	2022
	FOXM1 Inhibition Enhances the Therapeutic Outcome of Lung Cancer Immunotherapy by Modulating PD-L1 Expression and Cell Proliferation.	Madhi H, Lee JS, Choi YE, Li Y, Kim MH, Choi Y, Goh SH.	Adv Sci (Weinh)	10.1002/advs.202202702	2022
	Whole sequence of spoIIIE-like, sporulation-inhibitory, and transfer gene (spi) in a conjugative plasmid, pSA1.1, of Streptomyces azureus and detection of spi-like gene in the actinomycete chromosome.	Doi K, Ono Y, Yokoyama E, Tsukagoe Y, Ogata S.	Biosci Biotechnol Biochem	10.1271/bbb.62.1597	1998
	Statistical optimization of culture medium for improved production of antimicrobial compound by Streptomyces rimosus AG-P1441.	Ju Y, Son KH, Jin C, Hwang BS, Park DJ, Kim CJ.	Food Sci Biotechnol	10.1007/s10068-017-0257-1	2018
	A Cassette Containing Thiostrepton, Gentamicin Resistance Genes, and dif sequences Is Effective in Construction of Recombinant Mycobacteria.	Mugweru J, Makafe G, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Wang B, Huang S, Njire M, Chhotaray C, Tan Y, Li X, Liu J, Tan S, Deng J, Zhang T.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2017.00468	2017
	Structure-Activity Relationship of N-Phenylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide Derivatives Designed as Forkhead Box M1 Inhibitors: The Effect of Electron-Withdrawing and Donating Substituents on the Phenyl Ring.	Huerta-Garcia CS, Perez DJ, Velazquez-Martinez CA, Tabatabaei Dakhili SA, Romo-Mancillas A, Castillo R, Hernandez-Campos A.	Pharmaceuticals (Basel)	10.3390/ph15030283	2022
	Reconstruction and optimization of a Pseudomonas putida-Escherichia coli microbial consortium for mcl-PHA production from lignocellulosic biomass.	Qin R, Zhu Y, Ai M, Jia X.	Front Bioeng Biotechnol	10.3389/fbioe.2022.1023325	2022
Metabolism	Overexpression of the thiostrepton-resistance gene from Streptomyces azureus in Escherichia coli and characterization of recognition sites of the 23S rRNA A1067 2'-methyltransferase in the guanosine triphosphatase center of 23S ribosomal RNA.	Bechthold A, Floss HG.	Eur J Biochem	10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.00431.x	1994
	Sporulation-inhibitory gene in pock-forming plasmid pSA1.1 of Streptomyces azureus.	Tomura T, Kishino H, Doi K, Hara T, Kuhara S, Ogata S.	Biosci Biotechnol Biochem	10.1271/bbb.57.438	1993
Metabolism	LeuRS can leucylate type I and type II tRNALeus in Streptomyces coelicolor.	Fan JY, Huang Q, Ji QQ, Wang ED.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/gkz443	2019
	Autophagy induction by thiostrepton improves the efficacy of immunogenic chemotherapy.	Wang Y, Xie W, Humeau J, Chen G, Liu P, Pol J, Zhang Z, Kepp O, Kroemer G.	J Immunother Cancer	10.1136/jitc-2019-000462	2020
Enzymology	[Lytic action of lysoamidase from Xanthomonas sp. correlates with the presence of the target ribitol teichoic acids in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria].	Kulaev IS, Naumova IB, Streshinskaia GM, Tul'skaia EM, Stepnaia OA, Severin AI, Begunova EA.	Mikrobiologiia		1996
Enzymology	Probestin, a new inhibitor of aminopeptidase M, produced by Streptomyces azureus MH663-2F6. I. Taxonomy, production, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities.	Aoyagi T, Yoshida S, Nakamura Y, Shigihara Y, Hamada M, Takeuchi T.	J Antibiot (Tokyo)	10.7164/antibiotics.43.143	1990
	Tandem promoters, tsrp1 and tsrp2, direct transcription of the thiostrepton resistance gene (tsr) of Streptomyces azureus: transcriptional initiation from tsrp2 occurs after deletion of the -35 region.	Janssen GR, Bibb MJ.	Mol Gen Genet	10.1007/bf00259397	1990
Enzymology	Binding induced RNA conformational changes control substrate recognition and catalysis by the thiostrepton resistance methyltransferase (Tsr).	Kuiper EG, Conn GL.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.m114.574780	2014
Pathogenicity	The WblC/WhiB7 Transcription Factor Controls Intrinsic Resistance to Translation-Targeting Antibiotics by Altering Ribosome Composition.	Lee JH, Yoo JS, Kim Y, Kim JS, Lee EJ, Roe JH.	mBio	10.1128/mbio.00625-20	2020
Metabolism	Overexpression of FOXM1 is associated with metastases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.	Jiang L, Wang P, Chen H.	Ups J Med Sci	10.3109/03009734.2014.960053	2014
	Combination with bortezomib enhances the antitumor effects of nanoparticle-encapsulated thiostrepton.	Wang M, Gartel AL.	Cancer Biol Ther	10.4161/cbt.13.3.18875	2012
	Fixing the Unfixable: The Art of Optimizing Natural Products for Human Medicine.	Ynigez-Gutierrez AE, Bachmann BO.	J Med Chem	10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00246	2019
Pathogenicity	Down-regulation of FoxM1 by thiostrepton or small interfering RNA inhibits proliferation, transformation ability and angiogenesis, and induces apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.	Jiang L, Wang P, Chen L, Chen H.	Int J Clin Exp Pathol		2014
Metabolism	Olaparib-induced Adaptive Response Is Disrupted by FOXM1 Targeting that Enhances Sensitivity to PARP Inhibition.	Fang P, Madden JA, Neums L, Moulder RK, Forrest ML, Chien J.	Mol Cancer Res	10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0607	2018
Pathogenicity	Targeting FoxM1 by thiostrepton inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.	Jiang L, Wu X, Wang P, Wen T, Yu C, Wei L, Chen H.	J Cancer Res Clin Oncol	10.1007/s00432-014-1872-3	2015
	Construction of a shuttle vector consisting of the Escherichia coli plasmid pACYC177 inserted into the Streptomyces cattleya phage TG1.	Foor F, Morin N.	Gene	10.1016/0378-1119(90)90475-7	1990
	Characterization of a novel plasmid-borne thiopeptide gene cluster in Staphylococcus epidermidis strain 115.	Bennallack PR, Burt SR, Heder MJ, Robison RA, Griffitts JS.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.02243-14	2014
	Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of the nosiheptide-resistance gene from Streptomyces actuosus.	Li Y, Dosch DC, Strohl WR, Floss HG.	Gene	10.1016/0378-1119(90)90156-l	1990
Enzymology	Peroxiredoxins prevent oxidative stress during human sperm capacitation.	Lee D, Moawad AR, Morielli T, Fernandez MC, O'Flaherty C.	Mol Hum Reprod	10.1093/molehr/gaw081	2017
Pathogenicity	Contribution of rpoB2 RNA polymerase beta subunit gene to rifampin resistance in Nocardia species.	Ishikawa J, Chiba K, Kurita H, Satoh H.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.50.4.1342-1346.2006	2006
Pathogenicity	Mechanism of resistance to thiostrepton in the producing-organism Streptomyces azureus.	Cundliffe E.	Nature	10.1038/272792a0	1978
	The minimal replicon of a streptomycete plasmid produces an ultrahigh level of plasmid DNA.	Larson JL, Hershberger CL.	Plasmid	10.1016/0147-619x(86)90038-7	1986
	The dual inhibitory effect of thiostrepton on FoxM1 and EWS/FLI1 provides a novel therapeutic option for Ewing's sarcoma.	Sengupta A, Rahman M, Mateo-Lozano S, Tirado OM, Notario V.	Int J Oncol	10.3892/ijo.2013.2016	2013
	New derivatives of the Streptomyces temperate phage phi C31 useful for the cloning and functional analysis of Streptomyces DNA.	Rodicio MR, Bruton CJ, Chater KF.	Gene	10.1016/0378-1119(85)90137-4	1985
Enzymology	Site of action of a ribosomal RNA methylase conferring resistance to thiostrepton.	Thompson J, Schmidt F, Cundliffe E.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34268-6	1982
Metabolism	The mode of action of berninamycin and mechanism of resistance in the producing organism, Streptomyces bernensis.	Thompson J, Cundliffe E, Stark MJ.	J Gen Microbiol	10.1099/00221287-128-4-875	1982
	Substrate recognition and modification by the nosiheptide resistance methyltransferase.	Yin S, Jiang H, Chen D, Murchie AI.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0122972	2015
Pathogenicity	Micelle-encapsulated thiostrepton as an effective nanomedicine for inhibiting tumor growth and for suppressing FOXM1 in human xenografts.	Wang M, Gartel AL.	Mol Cancer Ther	10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0536	2011
	Efficient transformation of Amycolatopsis orientalis (Nocardia orientalis) protoplasts by Streptomyces plasmids.	Matsushima P, McHenney MA, Baltz RH.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.169.5.2298-2300.1987	1987
	Characterization of an 8.7-kilobase thiostrepton resistance-encoding plasmid (pGIF3) of Streptomyces incarnatus.	Malina H, Robert-Gero M.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.58.3.895-899.1992	1992
	Isolation and characterization of the gene cluster for biosynthesis of the thiopeptide antibiotic TP-1161.	Engelhardt K, Degnes KF, Zotchev SB.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01442-10	2010
Metabolism	Transfer RNA methyltransferases with a SpoU-TrmD  (SPOUT) fold and their modified nucleosides in  tRNA.	Hori H.	Biomolecules	10.3390/biom7010023	2017
Pathogenicity	Properties of the ribosomes of antibiotic producers: effects thiostrepton and micrococcin on the organisms which produce them.	Dixon PG, Beven JE, Cundliffe E.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.7.6.850	1975
	Safety and efficacy of Sacox® microGranulate (salinomycin sodium) for chickens for fattening and chickens reared for laying.	EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Rychen G, Aquilina G, Azimonti G, Bampidis V, de Lourdes Bastos M, Bories G, Chesson A, Cocconcelli PS, Flachowsky G, Kolar B, Kouba M, Puente SL, Lopez-Alonso M, Mayo B, Ramos F, Saarela M, Villa RE, Wallace RJ, Wester P, Brantom P, Halle I, van Beelen P, Holczknecht O, Vettori MV, Gropp J.	EFSA J	10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4670	2017
	Requirement of a relatively high threshold level of Mg(2+) for cell growth of a rhizoplane bacterium, Sphingomonas yanoikuyae EC-S001.	Hoo H, Hashidoko Y, Islam MT, Tahara S.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.70.9.5214-5221.2004	2004
Pathogenicity	Genomic approach to identifying the putative target of and mechanisms of resistance to mefloquine in mycobacteria.	Danelishvili L, Wu M, Young LS, Bermudez LE.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.49.9.3707-3714.2005	2005
	L11 domain rearrangement upon binding to RNA and thiostrepton studied by NMR spectroscopy.	Jonker HR, Ilin S, Grimm SK, Wohnert J, Schwalbe H.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/gkl1066	2007
	Localization of spermine binding sites in 23S rRNA by photoaffinity labeling: parsing the spermine contribution to ribosomal 50S subunit functions.	Xaplanteri MA, Petropoulos AD, Dinos GP, Kalpaxis DL.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/gki557	2005
Genetics	Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria.	Nouioui I, Carro L, Garcia-Lopez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Goker M.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007	2018
Metabolism	A chromosomal locus encoding a phosphoserine phosphatase- and a truncated MinD-like protein affects differentiation in Streptomyces azureus ATCC14921.	Nishiyama T, Sakemi H, Sumi H, Tokunaga S, Doi K, Ogata S	FEMS Microbiol Lett	10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09275.x	2000
Genetics	Draft Genome Sequence of Thiostrepton-Producing Streptomyces azureus ATCC 14921.	Sakihara K, Maeda J, Tashiro K, Fujino Y, Kuhara S, Ohshima T, Ogata S, Doi K	Genome Announc	10.1128/genomeA.01183-15	2015
	Effects of UV dose on formation of spontaneously developing pocks in Streptomyces azureus ATCC14921.	Yamada S, Suenaga H, Doi K, Yoshino S, Ogata S	Biosci Biotechnol Biochem	10.1271/bbb.67.797	2003
	Purine Auxotrophic Mutants with Altered Spore Color in Streptomyces azureus. ATCC 14921.	Yamada S, Hayashida S, Ogata S	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.56.2.575-577.1990	1990
Phylogeny	A temperate phage of Streptomyces azureus.	Ogata S, Suenaga H, Hayashida S	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.49.1.201-204.1985	1985
Biotechnology	Pock Formation of Streptomycetes endus with Production of Phage Taillike Particles.	Ogata S, Suenaga H, Hayashida S	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.43.5.1182-1187.1982	1982
	Specific Lysogenicity in Streptomyces azureus.	Ogata S, Yoshino S, Suenaga H, Aoyama K, Kitajima N, Hayashida S	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.42.1.135-141.1981	1981
Phylogeny	Characterization of a Novel Endophytic Actinomycete, Streptomyces physcomitrii sp. nov., and Its Biocontrol Potential Against Ralstonia solanacearum on Tomato.	Zhuang X, Gao C, Peng C, Wang Z, Zhao J, Shen Y, Liu C	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms8122025	2020
Phylogeny	Streptomyces swartbergensis sp. nov., a novel tyrosinase and antibiotic producing actinobacterium.	le Roes-Hill M, Prins A, Meyers PR	Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek	10.1007/s10482-017-0979-3	2017