Corynebacterium diphtheriae (CIP 107508)

Name: Corynebacterium diphtheriae (CIP 107508)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 135035

Type strain

Culture col. no. CIP 107508

NCBI tax ID(s) 1717

Special Collections CIP

History CIP <- 2003, F. Grimont, Inst. Pasteur, Paris, France: strain Beaujon, CNCD 91-154

Links

Corynebacterium diphtheriae CIP 107508 is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium of the family Corynebacteriaceae.

Gram-positive rod-shaped Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 361878

CIP 107508

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:38:28

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Actinomycetota

Class Actinomycetes

Order Mycobacteriales

Family Corynebacteriaceae

Genus Corynebacterium

Species Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Full scientific name Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Kruse 1886) Lehmann and Neumann 1896 (Approved Lists 1980)

Synonyms (1)

"Bacillus diphtheriae"

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Corynebacterium diphtheriae** (165)	Type strain
3151	C. diphtheriae 48255, CCUG 33629, DSM 43988, ATCC 11913, ...
3152	C. diphtheriae 5159, DSM 43989, ATCC 13812
3154	C. diphtheriae AMS 53-A-8, DSM 44603, ATCC 9675
134501	C. diphtheriae C7, CIP 78.5
134507	C. diphtheriae CIP 107521
134508	C. diphtheriae CIP 107522
134509	C. diphtheriae CIP 107523
134510	C. diphtheriae CIP 107524
134511	C. diphtheriae CIP 107544
134512	C. diphtheriae CIP 107557
134513	C. diphtheriae CIP 107560
134514	C. diphtheriae CIP 107561
134515	C. diphtheriae CIP 107567
134516	C. diphtheriae CIP 107568
134517	C. diphtheriae CIP 107569
134518	C. diphtheriae CIP 107570
134654	C. diphtheriae CIP 107504
134655	C. diphtheriae CIP 107505
134656	C. diphtheriae CIP 107527
134657	C. diphtheriae CIP 107530
134659	C. diphtheriae CIP 107563
134660	C. diphtheriae CIP 107564
134661	C. diphtheriae CIP 107566
134662	C. diphtheriae CIP 107578
134663	C. diphtheriae CIP 107579
134863	C. diphtheriae C7hm723, CIP 78.4
135037	C. diphtheriae CIP 107507
135039	C. diphtheriae CIP 107509
135040	C. diphtheriae CIP 107510
135041	C. diphtheriae CIP 107512
135042	C. diphtheriae CIP 107513
135043	C. diphtheriae CIP 107516
135044	C. diphtheriae CIP 107518
135045	C. diphtheriae CIP 107519
135046	C. diphtheriae CIP 107520
135047	C. diphtheriae CIP 107525
135048	C. diphtheriae CIP 107526
135049	C. diphtheriae CIP 107528
135050	C. diphtheriae CIP 107531
135051	C. diphtheriae CIP 107532
135052	C. diphtheriae CIP 107535
135053	C. diphtheriae CIP 107536
135054	C. diphtheriae CIP 107537
135055	C. diphtheriae CIP 107539
135056	C. diphtheriae CIP 107540
135057	C. diphtheriae CIP 107541
135058	C. diphtheriae CIP 107542
135059	C. diphtheriae CIP 107543
135060	C. diphtheriae CIP 107545
135061	C. diphtheriae CIP 107547
135062	C. diphtheriae CIP 107548
135063	C. diphtheriae CIP 107549
135064	C. diphtheriae CIP 107550
135065	C. diphtheriae CIP 107552
135066	C. diphtheriae CIP 107554
135067	C. diphtheriae CIP 107555
135068	C. diphtheriae CIP 107556
135069	C. diphtheriae CIP 107558
135070	C. diphtheriae CIP 107559
135071	C. diphtheriae CIP 107571
135072	C. diphtheriae CIP 107572
135073	C. diphtheriae CIP 107573
135074	C. diphtheriae CIP 107574
135075	C. diphtheriae CIP 107576
135076	C. diphtheriae CIP 107580
135103	C. diphtheriae CIP A97
135249	C. diphtheriae CIP 107515
135250	C. diphtheriae CIP 107533
135355	C. diphtheriae Aubert, CIP 103987
135509	C. diphtheriae 522.83, CIP 100294
135579	C. diphtheriae CIP A98, CCUG 25793
135582	C. diphtheriae Rhône, CIP A99
135706	C. diphtheriae C7 (B45), CIP 78.6
135732	C. diphtheriae CIP 107551
135733	C. diphtheriae CIP 107562
135765	C. diphtheriae Monta, CIP A100
135820	C. diphtheriae LANA, 470-78, CIP 80.56
135956	C. diphtheriae 619-81, CIP 100161
136043	C. diphtheriae D13, CIP 52.110
136044	C. diphtheriae D18, CIP 52.112
136048	C. diphtheriae D30, CIP 52.113
136050	C. diphtheriae Madrid, CIP 52.114
136255	C. diphtheriae Khan, CIP 103986
136667	C. diphtheriae CIP 107502
136673	C. diphtheriae CIP 107575
137093	C. diphtheriae 130-85, CIP 101434
137138	C. diphtheriae CIP A102
137153	C. diphtheriae 37, CIP 80.5
137360	C. diphtheriae 478.83, CIP 100275
137540	C. diphtheriae 523-77, CIP 78.2
137549	C. diphtheriae CIP 107565
137557	C. diphtheriae CIP 107506
137558	C. diphtheriae CIP 107514
137559	C. diphtheriae CIP 107529
137560	C. diphtheriae CIP 107534
137561	C. diphtheriae CIP 107546
137563	C. diphtheriae CIP 107577
137636	C. diphtheriae 133.87, CIP 102872
137726	C. diphtheriae AY 1682, 181-81, CIP 100176
137764	C. diphtheriae 991.83, CIP 100629
137779	C. diphtheriae 623.85, CIP 101802
137845	C. diphtheriae 936.84, CIP 101280
137847	C. diphtheriae 958.84, CIP 101317
138030	C. diphtheriae 552.86, CIP 102550
138484	C. diphtheriae 884.84, CIP 101249
138497	C. diphtheriae 4284, CIP 60.82
138518	C. diphtheriae CIP 107503
138519	C. diphtheriae CIP 107538
138520	C. diphtheriae CIP 107581
138521	C. diphtheriae CIP 107582
138584	C. diphtheriae 226-75, CIP 100163
138633	C. diphtheriae 316.85, CIP 101568
138634	C. diphtheriae 413.85, CIP 101630
138694	C. diphtheriae D16, CIP 52.111
138829	C. diphtheriae Boutounat, CIP A101
138920	C. diphtheriae CIP 66.3
139145	C. diphtheriae 1032.84, CIP 101352
139157	C. diphtheriae 240.85, CIP 101510
139160	C. diphtheriae 688.85, CIP 101841
139412	C. diphtheriae CIP 107517
141285	C. diphtheriae CCUG 633, NCTC 4305, NCTC 380B formerly
141532	C. diphtheriae CCUG 2706 A, NCTC 3987
141736	C. diphtheriae CCUG 5863, ATCC 19409, NCTC 3984
141737	C. diphtheriae CCUG 5864, NCTC 10648
141738	C. diphtheriae CCUG 5865, NCTC 10356
142964	C. diphtheriae CCUG 15935
143057	C. diphtheriae CCUG 16574
143077	C. diphtheriae CCUG 17024 A
143078	C. diphtheriae CCUG 17052
143079	C. diphtheriae CCUG 17074 A
143083	C. diphtheriae CCUG 17093 A
143085	C. diphtheriae CCUG 17133
143088	C. diphtheriae CCUG 17141
143092	C. diphtheriae CCUG 17156
143108	C. diphtheriae CCUG 17233
143116	C. diphtheriae CCUG 17244
143120	C. diphtheriae CCUG 17269
143121	C. diphtheriae CCUG 17274
143140	C. diphtheriae CCUG 17398
143302	C. diphtheriae CCUG 18321
143342	C. diphtheriae CCUG 18645
143402	C. diphtheriae CCUG 18912
143474	C. diphtheriae CCUG 19475
143585	C. diphtheriae CCUG 20322
143599	C. diphtheriae CCUG 20548
144296	C. diphtheriae CCUG 24210
147297	C. diphtheriae CCUG 33322
147956	C. diphtheriae CCUG 34577
149302	C. diphtheriae CCUG 37451
150122	C. diphtheriae CCUG 39038
150613	C. diphtheriae CCUG 41757
150790	C. diphtheriae CCUG 42338
151651	C. diphtheriae CCUG 44534
152235	C. diphtheriae CCUG 46180
152582	C. diphtheriae CCUG 47126
153015	C. diphtheriae CCUG 48308
153020	C. diphtheriae CCUG 48332
153023	C. diphtheriae CCUG 48337
153160	C. diphtheriae CCUG 48604
154885	C. diphtheriae CCUG 55537
156373	C. diphtheriae CCUG 61339
156683	C. diphtheriae CCUG 64120
156859	C. diphtheriae CCUG 66147
163615	C. diphtheriae JCM 2881
172665	C. diphtheriae PW8, CIP 69.28

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Motility
33789	positive	rod-shaped

Colony morphology

33789

Hemolysis ability0

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Composition	Medium link
33789	MEDIUM 6 - Columbia agar with 10 % horse blood	Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Columbia agar (39.000 g);Horseblood (100.000 ml)
33789	CIP Medium 6		Medium recipe at CIP
33789	CIP Medium 72		Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
33789	positive	growth	37
33789	positive	growth	25-37
33789	negative	growth	10
33789	negative	growth	15
33789	negative	growth	41
33789	negative	growth	45

Physiology and metabolism

Halophily

@ref	Salt	Growth	Tested relation	Concentration
33789	NaCl	positive	growth	0-6 %
33789	NaCl		growth	8 %
33789	NaCl		growth	10 %

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68371	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
33789	16947 ChEBI	citrate	-	carbon source
68371	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	12936 ChEBI	D-galactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17924 ChEBI	D-sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
33789	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis
68371	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28066 ChEBI	gentiobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	24265 ChEBI	gluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
33789	606565 ChEBI	hippurate	+	hydrolysis
68371	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17306 ChEBI	maltose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	59640 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
33789	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction
33789	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68371	0 ChEBI	Potassium 2-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	0 ChEBI	Potassium 5-ketogluconate	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
33789	45285 ChEBI	pyrazinamide	-	hydrolysis
68371	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17814 ChEBI	salicin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28017 ChEBI	starch	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	32528 ChEBI	turanose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid

Antibiotic resistance

@ref	Metabolite	Is sensitive	Is resistant
33789	0129 (2,4-Diamino-6,7-di-iso-propylpteridine phosphate)

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
33789	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test	Methylred-test
33789	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-
33789	17234 ChEBI	glucose		+

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
33789	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
33789	amylase	+
68382	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API zym
33789	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
33789	caseinase	-	3.4.21.50
33789	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
33789	DNase	+
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
33789	gamma-glutamyltransferase	-	2.3.2.2
33789	gelatinase	-
33789	lecithinase	+
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
33789	lipase	-
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
33789	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
33789	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
33789	oxidase	-
33789	phenylalanine ammonia-lyase	-	4.3.1.24
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
33789	tryptophan deaminase	-
33789	tween esterase	+
33789	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
33789	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-

API 50CHac

@ref	ControlQ	GLY	ERY	DARA	LARA	RIB	DXYL	LXYL	ADO	MDX	GAL	GLU	FRU	MNE	SBE	RHA	DUL	INO	MAN	SOR	MDM	MDG	NAG	AMY	ARB	ESC	SAL	CEL	MAL	LAC	MEL	SAC	TRE	INU	MLZ	RAF	AMD	GLYG	XLT	GEN	TUR	LYX	TAG	DFUC	LFUC	DARL	LARL	GNT	2KG	5KG
33789	not determinedn.d.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+

API biotype100

@ref	ControlQ	D-glucose as carbon sourceGLU	D-fructose as carbon sourceFRU	D-galactose as carbon sourceGAL	D-trehalose as carbon sourceTRE	D-mannose as carbon sourceMNE	L-sorbose as carbon sourceSBE	D-melibiose as carbon sourceMEL	sucrose as carbon sourceSAC	D-raffinose as carbon sourceRAF	maltotriose as carbon sourceMTE	maltose as carbon sourceMAL	lactose as carbon sourceLAC	lactulose as carbon sourceLTE	1-O-methyl-beta-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGa	1-O-methyl-alpha-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMaGa	D-cellobiose as carbon sourceCEL	gentiobiose as carbon sourceGEN	1-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGu	esculin as carbon sourceESC	D-ribose as carbon sourceRIB	L-arabinose as carbon sourceARA	D-xylose as carbon sourceXYL	palatinose as carbon sourcePLE	L-rhamnose as carbon sourceRHA	L-fucose as carbon sourceFUC	D-melezitose as carbon sourceMLZ	D-arabitol as carbon sourceDARL	L-arabitol as carbon sourceLARL	xylitol as carbon sourceXLT	dulcitol as carbon sourceDUL	D-tagatose as carbon sourceTAG	glycerol as carbon sourceGLY	myo-inositol as carbon sourceINO	D-mannitol as carbon sourceMAN	maltitol as carbon sourceMTL	D-turanose as carbon sourceTUR	D-sorbitol as carbon sourceSOR	adonitol as carbon sourceADO	hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide as carbon sourceHBG	D-lyxose as carbon sourceLYX	i-erythritol as carbon sourceERY	1-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucoside as carbon sourceMDG	3-O-methyl-D-glucose as carbon source3MDG	D-saccharate as carbon sourceSAT	mucate as carbon sourceMUC	L-tartrate as carbon sourceLTAT	D-tartrate as carbon sourceDTAT	meso-tartrate as carbon sourceMTAT	D-malate as carbon sourceDMLT	L-malate as carbon sourceLMLT	cis-aconitate as carbon sourceCATE	trans-aconitate as carbon sourceTATE	tricarballylate as carbon sourceTTE	citrate as carbon sourceCIT	D-glucuronate as carbon sourceGRT	D-galacturonate as carbon sourceGAT	2-ketogluconate as carbon source2KG	5-ketogluconate as carbon source5KG	tryptophan as carbon sourceTRY	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as carbon sourceNAG	D-gluconate as carbon sourceGNT	phenylacetate as carbon sourcePAC	protocatechuate as carbon sourcePAT	4-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcepOBE	quinate as carbon sourceQAT	gentisate as carbon sourceGTE	3-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcemOBE	benzoate as carbon sourceBAT	3-phenylpropionate as carbon sourcePPAT	m-coumarate as carbon sourceCMT	trigonelline as carbon sourceTGE	betaine as carbon sourceBET	putrescine as carbon sourcePCE	4-aminobutyrate as carbon sourceABT	histamine as carbon sourceHIN	DL-lactate as carbon sourceLAT	caprate as carbon sourceCAP	caprylate as carbon sourceCYT	L-histidine as carbon sourceHIS	succinate as carbon sourceSUC	fumarate as carbon sourceFUM	glutarate as carbon sourceGRE	DL-glycerate as carbon sourceGYT	5-aminovalerate as carbon sourceAVT	ethanolamine as carbon sourceETN	tryptamine as carbon sourceTTN	D-glucosamine as carbon sourceGLN	itaconate as carbon sourceITA	3-hydroxybutyrate as carbon source3OBU	L-aspartate as carbon sourceAPT	L-glutamate as carbon sourceGTT	L-proline as carbon sourcePRO	D-alanine as carbon sourceDALA	L-alanine as carbon sourceLALA	L-serine as carbon sourceSER	malonate as carbon sourceMNT	propionate as carbon sourcePROP	L-tyrosine as carbon sourceTYR	2-ketoglutarate as carbon source2KT
33789	not determinedn.d.	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Host species	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent	Isolation date
33789			France	FRA	Europe
33789	Human, Ankle	Homo sapiens	France	FRA	Europe	1991

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
33789	2	Risk group (French classification)

Sequence information

Genome-based predictions

Literature

References

#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#33789	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 107508
#68371	Automatically annotated from API 50CH acid .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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