Micromonospora chalcea (DSM 43026, ATCC 12452, CBS 269.62)

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Multicellular morphology

Multimedia

• @ref:	10697
  multimedia content:	DSM_43026.jpg
  multimedia.multimedia content:	https://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/photos/DSM_43026.jpg
  caption:	Medium 65 28°C
  intellectual property rights:	© Leibniz-Institut DSMZ
  manual_annotation:	1

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Medium link	Composition
10697	GYM STREPTOMYCES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 65)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: GYM STREPTOMYCES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 65) Composition: Agar 18.0 g/l Malt extract 10.0 g/l Yeast extract 4.0 g/l Glucose 4.0 g/l CaCO3 2.0 g/l Distilled water
18738	ISP 2			Name: ISP 2 / Yeast Malt Agar (5265); 5265 Composition Malt extract 10.0 g/l Yeast extract 4.0 g/l Glucose 4.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Preparation: Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.0 Usage: Maintenance and Taxonomy Organisms: All Actinomycetes
18738	ISP 3			Name: ISP 3; 5315 Composition Dog oat flakes 20.0 g/l Trace element solution (5314) 2.5 ml/l Agar 18.0 g/l Preparation: Oat flakes are cooked for 20 minutes, trace element solution and agar are added (in the case of non rolled oat flakes the suspension has to bee filtrated). Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.8 Usage: Maintenance and taxonomy (e.g. SEM As liquid medium for metabolite production) Organisms: All Actinomycetes Trace element solution 5314 Name: Trace element solution 5314; 5314 Composition CaCl2 x H2O 3.0 g/l Fe-III-citrate 1.0 g/l MnSO4 0.2 g/l ZnCl2 0.1 g/l CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.025 g/l Sodium tetra borate 0.2 g/l CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.004 g/l Sodium molybdate 0.01 g/l Preparation: Use double destillated water. Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: Usage: Trace element solution for different media Organisms:
18738	ISP 4			Name: ISP 4; DSM 547 Solution I: Difco soluble starch, 10.0 g. Make a paste of the starch with a small amount of cold distilled water and bring to a volume of 500 ml. Solution II: CaCO3 2.0 g K2HPO4 (anhydrous) 1.0 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 1.0 g NaCl 1.0 g (NH4)2SO4 2.0 g Distilled water 500.0 ml Trace salt solution (see below) 1.0 ml The pH should be between 7.0 and 7.4. Do not adjust if it is within this range. Mix solutions I and II together. Add 20.0 g agar. Liquify agar by steaming at 100°C for 10 to 20 min. Trace element solution: FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.1 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.1 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.1 g Distilled water 100.0 ml
18738	ISP 5			Name: ISP 5 (5323) Composition L-Asparagine 1.0 g/l Glycerol 10.0 g/l K2HPO4 1.0 g/l Salt solution (see preparation) 1.0 ml/l Agar 20.0 g/l Preparation: Salt solution 1.0 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 1.0 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 1.0 g ZNSO4 x 7 H2O in 100 ml water Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.2 Usage: Maintenance and taxonomy Organisms: All Actinomycetes
18738	ISP 6			Name: ISP 6 (5318) Composition Peptone 15.0 g/l Proteose peptose 5.0 g/l Ferric ammonium citrate 0.5 g/l Sodium glycerophosphate 1.0 g/l Sodium thiosulfate 0.08 g/l Yeast extract 1.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: Usage: Production of melanoid pigments Organisms: All Actinomycetes
18738	ISP 7			Name: ISP 7 (5322) Composition Glycerol 15.0 g/l L-Tyrosine 0.5 g/l L-Asparagine 1.0 g/l K2HPO4 0.5 g/l NaCl 0.5 g/l FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.01 g/l Trace element solution 5343 1.0 ml/l Agar 20.0 Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.3 Usage: Production of melanoid pigments Organisms: All Actinomycetes
10697	CZAPEK PEPTONE AGAR (DSMZ Medium 83)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: CZAPEK PEPTONE AGAR (DSMZ Medium 83) Composition: Sucrose 30.0 g/l Agar 20.0 g/l Peptone 5.0 g/l NaNO3 3.0 g/l Yeast extract 2.0 g/l K2HPO4 1.0 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.5 g/l KCl 0.5 g/l FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.01 g/l Distilled water

Culture temp

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Compound production

Halophily

Observation

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68368	29016 ChEBI	arginine	+	hydrolysis	from API 20E
68368	16947 ChEBI	citrate	+	assimilation	from API 20E
68368	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	+	hydrolysis	from API 20E
68368	25094 ChEBI	lysine	+	degradation	from API 20E
68368	18257 ChEBI	ornithine	+	degradation	from API 20E
68368	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API 20E
68368	16199 ChEBI	urea	+	hydrolysis	from API 20E

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
68368	15688 ChEBI	acetoin		from API 20E
68368	16136 ChEBI	hydrogen sulfide		from API 20E
68368	35581 ChEBI	indole		from API 20E

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test	Indole test
68368	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	+		from API 20E
68368	35581 ChEBI	indole		-	from API 20E

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
68382	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	+	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
68368	arginine dihydrolase	+	3.5.3.6	from API 20E
68382	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API zym
68368	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API 20E
68382	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	+	3.2.1.31	from API zym
68382	cystine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
68368	gelatinase	+		from API 20E
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
68368	lysine decarboxylase	+	4.1.1.18	from API 20E
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
68368	ornithine decarboxylase	+	4.1.1.17	from API 20E
68382	trypsin	+	3.4.21.4	from API zym
68368	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1	from API 20E
68368	urease	+	3.5.1.5	from API 20E
68382	valine arylamidase	+		from API zym

API 20E

API zym

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence X92594 (>99% sequence identity) for Micromonospora from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	188
Soil Samples	470
Animal Samples	133
Plant Samples	13
Total Samples	804

Risk assessment

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
67770	ASM292616v1 assembly for Micromonospora chalcea DSM 43026	contig	GCA_002926165	1874.5	1874	39.19

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
20218	Micromonospora chalcea 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence	U58531	1409		1874
10697	M.chalcea 16S rRNA gene	X92594	1477		1874
10697	Micromonospora chalcea strain 1464-217L 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence	NR_036795.1	1477		1874
67770	Micromonospora chalcea gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence	D85489	1459		1874
124043	Micromonospora chalcea strain DSM 43026(T) 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	MH175108	612		1874

GC content

Predictions

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Mangrove rare actinobacteria: taxonomy, natural compound, and discovery of bioactivity.	Azman AS, Othman I, Velu SS, Chan KG, Lee LH.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2015.00856	2015
	Morphological characteristics of colony development in Micromonospora chalcea.	Suarez JE, Hardisson C.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.162.3.1342-1344.1985	1985
Metabolism	Value of the O-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside test to differentiate among the aerobic actinomycetes.	Flores M, Ford EG, Janda JM.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.28.9.2142-2144.1990	1990
	Genetic recombination in Micromonospora.	Beretta M, Betti M, Polsinelli M.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.107.2.415-419.1971	1971
Metabolism	Microbial metabolism of carbon monoxide in culture and in soil.	Bartholomew GW, Alexander M.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.37.5.932-937.1979	1979
	Comparative aspects of development and differentiation in actinomycetes.	Kalakoutskii LV, Agre NS.	Bacteriol Rev	10.1128/br.40.2.469-524.1976	1976
Metabolism	Denitrification by actinomycetes and purification of dissimilatory nitrite reductase and azurin from Streptomyces thioluteus.	Shoun H, Kano M, Baba I, Takaya N, Matsuo M.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.180.17.4413-4415.1998	1998
Phylogeny	Distribution and phylogenetic analysis of family 19 chitinases in Actinobacteria.	Kawase T, Saito A, Sato T, Kanai R, Fujii T, Nikaidou N, Miyashita K, Watanabe T.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.70.2.1135-1144.2004	2004
	Rakicidin J and K, two cytotoxic and antibacterial cyclic depsipeptides from the marine bacterium Micromonospora chalcea.	Chen L, Xie L, Zhou J, Fang D, Jiang H, Liu W, Ye Y, Zhao W, Jiang H, Lin F.	Nat Prod Res	10.1080/14786419.2024.2335354	2025
	Two new rakicidin derivatives from marine Micromonospora chalcea FIM-R160609.	Chen L, Xie L, Zhao W, Zhou J, Jiang H, Liu W, Jiang H, Lin F.	Nat Prod Res	10.1080/14786419.2022.2144297	2024
Biotechnology	GC/MS Fatty Acid Profile of Marine-Derived Actinomycetes from Extreme Environments: Chemotaxonomic Insights and Biotechnological Potential.	Cunha MB, Jorge AF, Nunes MJ, Sousa JR, Lanca MJ, Gomes da Silva M, Gaudencio SP.	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md23010001	2024
	Chemoenzymatic synthesis of macrocyclic peptides and polyketides via thioesterase-catalyzed macrocyclization.	Qiao S, Cheng Z, Li F.	Beilstein J Org Chem	10.3762/bjoc.20.66	2024
	Growth Promotion of Salicornia bigelovii by Micromonospora chalcea UAE1, an Endophytic 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Deaminase-Producing Actinobacterial Isolate.	El-Tarabily KA, AlKhajeh AS, Ayyash MM, Alnuaimi LH, Sham A, ElBaghdady KZ, Tariq S, AbuQamar SF.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2019.01694	2019
	Chemo-enzymatic total synthesis: current approaches toward the integration of chemical and enzymatic transformations.	Tanifuji R, Oguri H.	Beilstein J Org Chem	10.3762/bjoc.20.151	2024
Genetics	Bryophytes Harbor Cultivable Actinobacteria With Plant Growth Promoting Potential.	Insuk C, Kuncharoen N, Cheeptham N, Tanasupawat S, Pathom-Aree W.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2020.563047	2020
	Substrate Trapping in Polyketide Synthase Thioesterase Domains: Structural Basis for Macrolactone Formation.	McCullough TM, Choudhary V, Akey DL, Skiba MA, Bernard SM, Kittendorf JD, Schmidt JJ, Sherman DH, Smith JL.	ACS Catal	10.1021/acscatal.4c03637	2024
	Structure of a modular polyketide synthase reducing region.	McCullough TM, Dhar A, Akey DL, Konwerski JR, Sherman DH, Smith JL.	Structure	10.1016/j.str.2023.05.019	2023
Metabolism	Indigenous soil bacteria with the combined potential for hydrocarbon consumption and heavy metal resistance.	Ali N, Dashti N, Al-Mailem D, Eliyas M, Radwan S.	Environ Sci Pollut Res Int	10.1007/s11356-011-0624-z	2012
Phylogeny	Isolation, antibacterial screening, and identification of bioactive cave dwelling bacteria in Fiji.	Pipite A, Lockhart PJ, McLenachan PA, Christi K, Kumar D, Prasad S, Subramani R.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2022.1012867	2022
	FW523-3, a novel lipopeptide compound, induces apoptosis in cancer cells.	Xie JJ, Zhou F, Li EM, Jiang H, Du ZP, Lin R, Fang DS, Xu LY.	Mol Med Rep	10.3892/mmr.2011.496	2011
	Performance of three endophytic actinomycetes in relation to plant growth promotion and biological control of Pythium aphanidermatum, a pathogen of cucumber under commercial field production conditions in the United Arab Emirates	El-Tarabily KA, St. J. Hardy GE, Sivasithamparam K.	Eur J Plant Pathol	10.1007/s10658-010-9689-7	2010
Enzymology	Computational prediction of properties and analysis of molecular phylogenetics of polyketide synthases in three species of Actinomycetes.	Moosawi F, Mohabatkar H, Mohsenzadeh S.	Med Chem	10.2174/157340610791321497	2010
	Molecular architecture of a C-3'-methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of D-tetronitrose.	Bruender NA, Thoden JB, Kaur M, Avey MK, Holden HM.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi100782b	2010
Enzymology	Structural studies on KijD1, a sugar C-3'-methyltransferase.	Dow GT, Thoden JB, Holden HM.	Protein Sci	10.1002/pro.3034	2016
	Multifunctional in vitro, in silico and DFT analyses on antimicrobial BagremycinA biosynthesized by Micromonospora chokoriensis CR3 from Hieracium canadense.	Tanvir R, Ijaz S, Sajid I, Hasnain S.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-024-61490-9	2024
Metabolism	Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis and Structural Diversification of Tylactone-Based Macrolide Antibiotics through Late-Stage Polyketide Assembly, Tailoring, and C-H Functionalization.	Lowell AN, DeMars MD, Slocum ST, Yu F, Anand K, Chemler JA, Korakavi N, Priessnitz JK, Park SR, Koch AA, Schultz PJ, Sherman DH.	J Am Chem Soc	10.1021/jacs.7b02875	2017
	Plant growth promotion and biological control of Pythium aphanidermatum, a pathogen of cucumber, by endophytic actinomycetes.	El-Tarabily KA, Nassar AH, Hardy GE, Sivasithamparam K.	J Appl Microbiol	10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03926.x	2009
	Enzymatic degradation of cellulose in soil: A review.	Datta R.	Heliyon	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24022	2024
Phylogeny	Comparative Genomics and Biosynthetic Potential Analysis of Two Lichen-Isolated Amycolatopsis Strains.	Sanchez-Hidalgo M, Gonzalez I, Diaz-Munoz C, Martinez G, Genilloud O.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2018.00369	2018
Enzymology	Characterization of an extracellular enzyme system produced by Micromonospora chalcea with lytic activity on yeast cells.	Gacto M, Vicente-Soler J, Cansado J, Villa TG.	J Appl Microbiol	10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01065.x	2000
	Plant Growth Promoting and Biocontrol Activity of Streptomyces spp. as Endophytes.	Vurukonda SSKP, Giovanardi D, Stefani E.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms19040952	2018
Enzymology	Structural insight into MtmC, a bifunctional ketoreductase-methyltransferase involved in the assembly of the mithramycin trisaccharide chain.	Chen JM, Hou C, Wang G, Tsodikov OV, Rohr J.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi501462g	2015
Genetics	Chromosome topology and genome size of selected actinomycetes species.	Redenbach M, Scheel J, Schmidt U.	Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek	10.1023/a:1010289326752	2000
	A single amino acid residue controls acyltransferase activity in a polyketide synthase from Toxoplasma gondii.	D'Ambrosio HK, Ganley JG, Keeler AM, Derbyshire ER.	iScience	10.1016/j.isci.2022.104443	2022
Phylogeny	Intrageneric relationships among Micromonospora species deduced from gyrB-based phylogeny and DNA relatedness.	Kasai H, Tamura T, Harayama S.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/00207713-50-1-127	2000
Enzymology	A New Micromonospora Strain with Antibiotic Activity Isolated from the Microbiome of a Mid-Atlantic Deep-Sea Sponge.	Back CR, Stennett HL, Williams SE, Wang L, Ojeda Gomez J, Abdulle OM, Duffy T, Neal C, Mantell J, Jepson MA, Hendry KR, Powell D, Stach JEM, Essex-Lopresti AE, Willis CL, Curnow P, Race PR.	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md19020105	2021
	Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Actinobacteria against Fusarium solani, the Causal Agent of Sudden Decline Syndrome on Date Palm in the UAE.	Alblooshi AA, Purayil GP, Saeed EE, Ramadan GA, Tariq S, Altaee AS, El-Tarabily KA, AbuQamar SF.	J Fungi (Basel)	10.3390/jof8010008	2021
	Transcriptional mapping of the promoter of the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene (aacC9) of neomycin-producing Micromonospora chalcea.	Salauze D, Davies J.	Res Microbiol	10.1016/0923-2508(92)90002-6	1992
Enzymology	Isolation and characterisation of an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase from neomycin-producing Micromonospora chalcea; comparison with that of Streptomyces fradiae and other producers of 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine antibiotics.	Salauze D, Davies J.	J Antibiot (Tokyo)	10.7164/antibiotics.44.1432	1991
Metabolism	Probing the catalytic mechanism of a C-3'-methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of D-tetronitrose.	Bruender NA, Holden HM.	Protein Sci	10.1002/pro.2074	2012
	Characterisation of aminoglycoside acetyltransferase-encoding genes of neomycin-producing Micromonospora chalcea and Streptomyces fradiae.	Salauze D, Perez-Gonzalez JA, Piepersberg W, Davies J.	Gene	10.1016/0378-1119(91)90237-6	1991
	[Determination of the nucleotide sequence of the silent aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene in Streptomyces rimosus P3].	Akopiants KE, Sizova IA, Michurina TA, Danilenko VN.	Antibiot Khimioter		1997
Enzymology	Macquarimicins, microbial metabolites from Micromonospora. I. Discovery, taxonomy, fermentation and biological properties.	Jackson M, Karwowski JP, Theriault RJ, Rasmussen RR, Hensey DM, Humphrey PE, Swanson SJ, Barlow GJ, Premachandran U, McAlpine JB.	J Antibiot (Tokyo)	10.7164/antibiotics.48.462	1995
	Aspergillus terreus Inhibits Growth and Induces Morphological Abnormalities in Pythium aphanidermatum and Suppresses Pythium-Induced Damping-Off of Cucumber.	Halo BA, Al-Yahyai RA, Al-Sadi AM.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2018.00095	2018
	Generation of a high quality library of bioactive filamentous actinomycetes from extreme biomes using a culture-based bioprospecting strategy.	Swiecimska M, Golinska P, Goodfellow M.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2022.1054384	2022
	Morphological Effects of Natural Products on Schizosaccharomyces pombe Measured by Imaging Flow Cytometry.	Heisler J, Elvir L, Barnouti F, Charles E, Wolkow TD, Pyati R.	Nat Prod Bioprospect	10.1007/s13659-014-0004-8	2014
Genetics	Defining the Species Micromonospora saelicesensis and Micromonospora noduli Under the Framework of Genomics.	Riesco R, Carro L, Roman-Ponce B, Prieto C, Blom J, Klenk HP, Normand P, Trujillo ME.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2018.01360	2018
	Role of the Gastric Microbiome in Gastric Cancer: From Carcinogenesis to Treatment.	Yang J, Zhou X, Liu X, Ling Z, Ji F.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2021.641322	2021
Enzymology	Isolation of N-(2,6-diamino-6-hydroxymethylpimelyl)-L-alanine from Micromonospora chalcea.	Shoji J, Hinoo H, Kato T, Nakauchi K, Matsuura S, Mayama M, Yasuda Y, Kawamura Y.	J Antibiot (Tokyo)	10.7164/antibiotics.34.374	1981
Enzymology	AAC(3)-XI, a new aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase from Corynebacterium striatum.	Galimand M, Fishovitz J, Lambert T, Barbe V, Zajicek J, Mobashery S, Courvalin P.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.01203-15	2015
	Germination of spores of Micromonospora chalcea: physiological and biochemical changes.	Suarez JE, Barbes C, Hardisson C.	J Gen Microbiol	10.1099/00221287-121-1-159	1980
Phylogeny	Genome-based classification of micromonosporae with a focus on their biotechnological and ecological potential.	Carro L, Nouioui I, Sangal V, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Trujillo ME, Montero-Calasanz MDC, Sahin N, Smith DL, Kim KE, Peluso P, Deshpande S, Woyke T, Shapiro N, Kyrpides NC, Klenk HP, Goker M, Goodfellow M.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-017-17392-0	2018
	Studies on juvenimicin, a new antibiotic. I. Taxonomy, fermentation and antimicrobial properties.	Hatano K, Higashide E, Shibata M.	J Antibiot (Tokyo)	10.7164/antibiotics.29.1163	1976
Metabolism	Identification of compounds by high-content screening that induce cytoplasmic to nuclear localization of a fluorescent estrogen receptor alpha chimera and exhibit agonist or antagonist activity in vitro.	Dull AB, George AA, Goncharova EI, Evans JR, Wamiru A, Cartner LK, Hager GL, McMahon JB.	J Biomol Screen	10.1177/1087057113504136	2014
Metabolism	Tetrocarcins, novel antitumor antibiotics. I. Producing organism, fermentation and antimicrobial activity.	Tomita F, Tamaoki T.	J Antibiot (Tokyo)	10.7164/antibiotics.33.940	1980
Enzymology	Tetrocarcins, novel antitumor antibiotics. II. Isolation, characterization and antitumor activity.	Tamaoki T, Kasai M, Shirahata K, Ohkubo S, Morimoto M, Mineura K, Ishii S, Tomita F.	J Antibiot (Tokyo)	10.7164/antibiotics.33.946	1980
	Halotolerant Marine Rhizosphere-Competent Actinobacteria Promote Salicornia bigelovii Growth and Seed Production Using Seawater Irrigation.	Mathew BT, Torky Y, Amin A, Mourad AI, Ayyash MM, El-Keblawy A, Hilal-Alnaqbi A, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2020.00552	2020
Metabolism	Izumenolide-a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor produced by Micromonospora. I. Detection, isolation and characterization.	Liu WC, Astle G, Wells JS, Trejo WH, Principe PA, Rathnum ML, Parker WL, Kocy OR, Sykes RB.	J Antibiot (Tokyo)	10.7164/antibiotics.33.1256	1980
	An analysis of the sponge Acanthostrongylophora igens' microbiome yields an actinomycete that produces the natural product manzamine A.	Waters AL, Peraud O, Kasanah N, Sims JW, Kothalawala N, Anderson MA, Abbas SH, Rao KV, Jupally VR, Kelly M, Dass A, Hill RT, Hamann MT.	Front Mar Sci	10.3389/fmars.2014.00054	2014
	Protoplasts of Trichoderma viride: formation and regeneration.	Benitez T, Ramos S, Acha IG.	Arch Microbiol	10.1007/bf00436350	1975
	Chemical and structural differences in mycelial and regeneration walls of trichoderma viride.	Benitez T, Villa TG, Acha IG.	Arch Microbiol	10.1007/bf00447147	1975
	Cell wall enzymatic lysis of the yeast form of Pullularia pullulans and wall regeneration by protoplasts.	Ramos S, Acha IG.	Arch Microbiol	10.1007/bf00447336	1975
	Biological Control of Mango Dieback Disease Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae Using Streptomycete and Non-streptomycete Actinobacteria in the United Arab Emirates.	Kamil FH, Saeed EE, El-Tarabily KA, AbuQamar SF.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2018.00829	2018
Enzymology	A single module type I polyketide synthase directs de novo macrolactone biogenesis during galbonolide biosynthesis in Streptomyces galbus.	Kim HJ, Karki S, Kwon SY, Park SH, Nahm BH, Kim YK, Kwon HJ.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.m114.602334	2014
Metabolism	Discovery of a new source of rifamycin antibiotics in marine sponge actinobacteria by phylogenetic prediction.	Kim TK, Hewavitharana AK, Shaw PN, Fuerst JA.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.72.3.2118-2125.2006	2006
Metabolism	A four-gene operon in Bacillus cereus produces two rare spore-decorating sugars.	Li Z, Mukherjee T, Bowler K, Namdari S, Snow Z, Prestridge S, Carlton A, Bar-Peled M.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.m117.777417	2017
Metabolism	Biodegradation of cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubbers by distinct actinomycetes: microbial strategies and detailed surface analysis.	Linos A, Berekaa MM, Reichelt R, Keller U, Schmitt J, Flemming HC, Kroppenstedt RM, Steinbuchel A.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.66.4.1639-1645.2000	2000
Pathogenicity	Lytic action of beta-(1-3)-glucanase on yeast cells.	Monreal J, De Uruburu F, Villanueva JR.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.94.1.241-244.1967	1967
Genetics	Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria.	Nouioui I, Carro L, Garcia-Lopez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Goker M.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007	2018
Phylogeny	Genomics of Actinobacteria: tracing the evolutionary history of an ancient phylum.	Ventura M, Canchaya C, Tauch A, Chandra G, Fitzgerald GF, Chater KF, van Sinderen D.	Microbiol Mol Biol Rev	10.1128/mmbr.00005-07	2007
Genetics	Genome analysis of cellulose and hemicellulose degrading Micromonospora sp. CP22.	Chen SJ, Lam MQ, Thevarajoo S, Abd Manan F, Yahya A, Chong CS.	3 Biotech	10.1007/s13205-020-2148-z	2020
Metabolism	Cellulose degradation by micromonosporas recovered from freshwater lakes and classification of these actinomycetes by DNA gyrase B gene sequencing.	de Menezes AB, Lockhart RJ, Cox MJ, Allison HE, McCarthy AJ.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01092-08	2008
	Taxonomic description of Micromonospora reichwaldensis sp. nov. and its biosynthetic and plant growth-promoting potential.	Nouioui I, Zimmermann A, Gomez Escribano JP, Jando M, Potter G, Neumann-Schaal M, Mast Y.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.02129-24	2025
Metabolism	Biotechnological and Ecological Potential of Micromonospora provocatoris sp. nov., a Gifted Strain Isolated from the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench.	Abdel-Mageed WM, Al-Wahaibi LH, Lehri B, Al-Saleem MSM, Goodfellow M, Kusuma AB, Nouioui I, Soleh H, Pathom-Aree W, Jaspars M, Karlyshev AV.	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md19050243	2021
Enzymology	Micromonospora tulbaghiae sp. nov., isolated from the leaves of wild garlic, Tulbaghia violacea.	Kirby BM, Meyers PR.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.013243-0	2010
Metabolism	Micromonospora zhangzhouensis sp. nov., a Novel Actinobacterium Isolated from Mangrove Soil, Exerts a Cytotoxic Activity in vitro.	Fu G, Wang R, Ding J, Qi H, Zhao Z, Chen C, Zhang H, Xue Z, Wang J, Wu M.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-020-60677-0	2020
Phylogeny	Micromonospora fluminis sp. nov., isolated from mountain river sediment.	Camacho Pozo MI, Wieme AD, Rodriguez Perez S, Llaurado Maury G, Peeters C, Snauwaert C, Lescaylle Veranes Y, Pena Zamora L, Schumann P, Vandamme PA	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.004554	2020
Phylogeny	Micromonospora maritima sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil.	Songsumanus A, Tanasupawat S, Igarashi Y, Kudo T	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.039180-0	2012
Phylogeny	Micromonospora sediminicola sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.	Supong K, Suriyachadkun C, Tanasupawat S, Suwanborirux K, Pittayakhajonwut P, Kudo T, Thawai C	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.041103-0	2012
Phylogeny	Micromonospora humi sp. nov., isolated from peat swamp forest soil.	Songsumanus A, Tanasupawat S, Thawai C, Suwanborirux K, Kudo T	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.024281-0	2010
Phylogeny	Micromonospora marina sp. nov., isolated from sea sand.	Tanasupawat S, Jongrungruangchok S, Kudo T	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.014068-0	2009