Leuconostoc citreum (DSM 5577, ATCC 49370, NCDO 1837)

Name: Leuconostoc citreum (DSM 5577, ATCC 49370, NCDO 1837)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 6828

Type strain

Strain Designation B2399

Culture col. no. DSM 5577 ATCC 49370 NCDO 1837 CCUG 30060 B2399 11 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 33964

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM KCTC CIP

History DSMZ <- NCFB <- A.C. Hayward, B2399 JCM <-- NRIC 1776 <-- NCFB 1837 <-- A. C. Hayward B2399. CIP <- 1989, NCFB <- 1966, A.C. Hayward, Kew, UK: strain B2399

Links

Leuconostoc citreum B2399 is a facultative anaerobe, Gram-positive, ovoid-shaped bacterium that was isolated from honey dew of rye ear.

Gram-positive ovoid-shaped facultative anaerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 3489

NCFB 1837,LMG 9849,ATCC 49370,CCUG 30060,NCDO 1837,CIP 103315,DSM 5577,JCM 9698,CECT 4025,NCIMB 13121,CCM4544,VTT E-93504,KCTC 3526,CGMCC 1.2461

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:26:30

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Bacilli

Order Lactobacillales

Family Lactobacillaceae

Genus Leuconostoc

Species Leuconostoc citreum

Full scientific name Leuconostoc citreum Farrow et al. 1989

Synonyms (1)

Leuconostoc amelibiosum

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Leuconostoc citreum** (14)	Type strain
6829	L. citreum B-742, DSM 20188, ATCC 13146, NRRL B-742, ...
130384	L. citreum GL 87, DSM 15948
136062	L. citreum CIP 102218
136184	L. citreum 5, CIP 103326, NCIB 3351, NRRL : B-1142
136479	L. citreum CIP 106143, ATCC 10882
137314	L. citreum CIP 106146, ATCC 11449, NRRL B-1299
146202	L. citreum CCUG 30586
148138	L. citreum CCUG 34887
150283	L. citreum CCUG 39492
150455	L. citreum CCUG 39979
153814	L. citreum CCUG 51260
161257	L. citreum JCM 12651
162721	L. citreum JCM 20062, ATU L-24, IAM 1122
163105	L. citreum JCM 21183, IAM 14400, NBRC 102476, NRIC 1581

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Confidence
118298	positive	ovoid-shaped
125438			91
125438	positive		94.621

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
2229	MRS MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 11)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: MRS MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 11) Composition: Glucose 20.0 g/l Casein peptone 10.0 g/l Meat extract 10.0 g/l Na-acetate 5.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l (NH4)3 citrate 2.0 g/l K2HPO4 2.0 g/l Tween 80 1.0 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.2 g/l MnSO4 x H2O 0.05 g/l Distilled water
34244	MEDIUM 40- for Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc		Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Man Rogosa Sharp agar (68.000 g)
118298	CIP Medium 40	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
2229	positive	growth	28
34244	positive	growth	30
49880	positive	growth	30
67770	positive	growth	30
118298	positive	growth	10-37
118298	negative	growth	45

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
118298	facultative anaerobe
125439	obligate aerobe	99.32

Halophily

@ref	Salt	Growth	Tested relation	Concentration
118298	NaCl	positive	growth	0-4 %
118298	NaCl		growth	6 %
118298	NaCl		growth	8 %
118298	NaCl		growth	10 %

Murein

@ref	Murein short key	Type
2229	A11.05	A3alpha L-Lys-L-Ala₂

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68371	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
118298	16947 ChEBI	citrate	-	carbon source
68371	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	12936 ChEBI	D-galactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17924 ChEBI	D-sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	59640 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
118298	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
118298	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	respiration
118298	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68371	0 ChEBI	Potassium 5-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17814 ChEBI	salicin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28017 ChEBI	starch	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	32528 ChEBI	turanose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid

Antibiotic resistance

@ref	Metabolite	Is sensitive	Is resistant
118298	0129 (2,4-Diamino-6,7-di-iso-propylpteridine phosphate)

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
118298	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
68382	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API zym
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
118298	caseinase	-	3.4.21.50
118298	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	-		from API zym
118298	gelatinase	-
68382	leucine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
118298	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
118298	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
118298	oxidase	-
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

Fatty acid profile

Metadata FA analysis

@ref

49880

Fatty acid	Percentage	ECL
C16:0	38.6	16
C19:0 CYCLO ω8c	27.9	18.9
C18:2 ω6,9c/C18:0 ANTE	12.5	17.724
C16:1 ω7c	8.5	15.819
C18:1 ω7c /12t/9t	7.5	17.824
C17:0 CYCLO	2.7	16.888
C14:0	2.3	14

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
118298	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-

API 50CHac

@ref	ControlQ	GLY	ERY	DARA	LARA	RIB	DXYL	LXYL	ADO	MDX	GAL	GLU	FRU	MNE	SBE	RHA	DUL	INO	MAN	SOR	MDM	MDG	NAG	AMY	ARB	ESC	SAL	CEL	MAL	LAC	MEL	SAC	TRE	INU	MLZ	RAF	AMD	GLYG	XLT	GEN	TUR	LYX	TAG	DFUC	LFUC	DARL	LARL	GNT	2KG	5KG
2229	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
118298	not determinedn.d.	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+/-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Host	#Plants	#Herbaceous plants (Grass,Crops)
#Host Body-Site	#Plant	#Fruit (Seed)
#Host Body Product	#Plant	#Plant exudate (Resin)

Isolation

@ref	Sample type
2229	honey dew of rye ear
49880	Honey-dew of rye ear
67770	Honeydew of rye ear
118298	Plant, Honey-dew of rye ear

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence LC096222 (>99% sequence identity) for Leuconostoc from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	3075
Soil Samples	1568
Animal Samples	19457
Plant Samples	1324
Total Samples	25424

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Pathogenicity human	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
2229	yes, in single cases	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
118298		1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM832654v1 assembly for Leuconostoc citreum NRIC 1776	scaffold	GCA_008326545	33964.186	8117124641	33964	76.44
67770	ASM435455v1 assembly for Leuconostoc citreum ATCC 49370	contig	GCA_004354555	33964.176		33964	75.41

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
20218	Leuconostoc citreum 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AF111948	1505	33964
20218	Leuconostoc citreum gene for 16S rRNA, strain:NRIC 1776	AB022923	1448	33964
20218	Leuconostoc citreum DNA, 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region, strain: NRIC 1776	AB290437	377	33964
67770	Leuconostoc citreum gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 9698	LC096222	1491	33964

GC content

@ref	GC-content (mol%)	Method
2229	39.8
67770	39.8	thermal denaturation, midpoint method (Tm)

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: ASM832654v1 assembly for Leuconostoc citreum NRIC 1776
BV-BRC: 33964.186

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	obligate aerobe	99.32	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	positive	74.87	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	44.11	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	70.56	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Leuconostoc citreum NRIC 1776
NCBI: GCA_008326545.1

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	94.62	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	86.78	yes
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	90.41	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	89.26	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	97.96	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	91.00	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Leuconostoc citreum: A Promising Sourdough Fermenting Starter for Low-Sugar-Content Baked Goods.	Rosca MF, Paucean A, Man SM, Chis MS, Pop CR, Pop A, Farcas AC.	Foods	10.3390/foods13010096	2023
	The in-situ dextran produced in rice protein yogurt: Effect on viscosity and structural characteristics.	Lu Y, Jia C, Niu M, Xu Y, Zhao S.	Carbohydr Polym	10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120767	2023
	Leuconostoc citreum TR116 as a Microbial Cell Factory to Functionalise High-Protein Faba Bean Ingredients for Bakery Applications.	Hoehnel A, Bez J, Sahin AW, Coffey A, Arendt EK, Zannini E.	Foods	10.3390/foods9111706	2020
	The Evaluation of the Effects of Two Probiotic Strains on the Oral Ecosystem: A Randomized Clinical Trial.	Volgenant CMC, van der Waal SV, Brandt BW, Buijs MJ, van der Veen MH, Rosema NAM, Fiebich BL, Rose T, Schmitter T, Gajfulin M, Crielaard W, Zaura E.	Front Oral Health	10.3389/froh.2022.825017	2022
Genetics	Uncovering carbohydrate metabolism through a genotype-phenotype association study of 56 lactic acid bacteria genomes.	Buron-Moles G, Chailyan A, Dolejs I, Forster J, Miks MH.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-019-09701-6	2019
Biotechnology	Sourdough authentication: quantitative PCR to detect the lactic acid bacterial microbiota in breads.	Pontonio E, Di Cagno R, Mahony J, Lanera A, De Angelis M, van Sinderen D, Gobbetti M.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-017-00549-2	2017
Enzymology	Identification and characterization of Leuconostoc fallax strains isolated from an industrial sauerkraut fermentation.	Barrangou R, Yoon SS, Breidt F, Fleming HP, Klaenhammer TR.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.68.6.2877-2884.2002	2002
	Development of a polymerase chain reaction-probe test for identification of Alloiococcus otitis.	Aguirre M, Collins MD.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.30.8.2177-2180.1992	1992
	Compilation of small ribosomal subunit RNA structures.	Neefs JM, Van de Peer Y, De Rijk P, Chapelle S, De Wachter R.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/21.13.3025	1993
	Development of innovative pediocin PA-1 by DNA shuffling among class IIa bacteriocins.	Tominaga T, Hatakeyama Y.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00558-07	2007
Metabolism	Ethylphenol Formation by Lactobacillus plantarum: Identification of the Enzyme Involved in the Reduction of Vinylphenols.	Santamaria L, Reveron I, de Felipe FL, de Las Rivas B, Munoz R.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01064-18	2018
Metabolism	Unravelling the Reduction Pathway as an Alternative Metabolic Route to Hydroxycinnamate Decarboxylation in Lactobacillus plantarum.	Santamaria L, Reveron I, Lopez de Felipe F, de Las Rivas B, Munoz R.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01123-18	2018
	Structural Characterization, Rheological Properties and Protection of Oxidative Damage of an Exopolysaccharide from Leuconostoc citreum 1.2461 Fermented in Soybean Whey.	Li Y, Xiao L, Tian J, Wang X, Zhang X, Fang Y, Li W.	Foods	10.3390/foods11152283	2022
Metabolism	Characterization of leucocin B-KM432Bz from Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides isolated from boza, and comparison of its efficiency to pediocin PA-1.	Makhloufi KM, Carre-Mlouka A, Peduzzi J, Lombard C, van Reenen CA, Dicks LM, Rebuffat S.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0070484	2013
Phylogeny	Characterization of Leuconostoc lactis strains from human sources.	Barreau C, Wagener G.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.28.8.1728-1733.1990	1990
	Comparison of Real-Time PCR and Droplet Digital PCR for the Quantitative Detection of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum	Choi CH, Kim E, Yang SM, Kim DS, Suh SM, Lee GY, Kim HY.	Foods	10.3390/foods11091331	2022
Genetics	Functional and Genomic Analysis of Leuconostoc citreum DMLC16 Reveals Its Potential as a Probiotic and Antimicrobial Starter.	Lee S, Kim M, Heo S, Moon Y, Lee G, Jeong DW.	J Microbiol Biotechnol	10.4014/jmb.2507.07004	2025
Metabolism	Mannitol production by lactic acid bacteria grown in supplemented carob syrup.	Carvalheiro F, Moniz P, Duarte LC, Esteves MP, Girio FM	J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s10295-010-0823-5	2010
Enzymology	Expression of alpha-galactosidase gene from Leuconostoc mesenteroides SY1 in Leuconostoc citreum.	Park JY, Jeong SJ, Lee AR, Park JY, Jeong WJ, Kim JH	J Microbiol Biotechnol	7090	2007
Phylogeny	Leuconostoc palmae sp. nov., a novel lactic acid bacterium isolated from palm wine.	Ehrmann MA, Freiding S, Vogel RF	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.005983-0	2009
Phylogeny	Leuconostoc kimchii sp. nov., a new species from kimchi.	Kim J, Chun J, Han HU	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/00207713-50-5-1915	2000

References

#2229	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 5577
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#34244	; Curators of the CIP;
#49880	Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) ; Curators of the CCUG; CCUG 30060
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68371	Automatically annotated from API 50CH acid .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#118298	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 103315
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Leuconostoc citreum (DSM 5577, ATCC 49370, NCDO 1837)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Halophily

Murein

Metabolite utilization

Antibiotic resistance

Enzymes

Fatty acid profile

API zym

API 50CHac

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Taxonmaps

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_008326545

16S sequences

GC content

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

BacDive

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