Virgibacillus pantothenticus (DSM 26, ATCC 14576, CCM 2049)

Name: Virgibacillus pantothenticus (DSM 26, ATCC 14576, CCM 2049)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 1474

Type strain

Strain Designation B 21, 3028

Culture col. no. DSM 26 ATCC 14576 CCM 2049 LMG 7129 NCIB 8775 23 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 1473

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM CIP Literature strains

History 1951, H. Proom, Wellcome Res. Lab., Beckenham, UK: strain 3028 <- ATCC <- R.E. Gordon <- N.R. Smith, B 21 <- H. Proom, CN 3028 IAM 11061 <-- ATCC 14576 <-- R. E. Gordon <-- N. R. Smith NRS 1321 <-- H. Proom CN 3028. CIP <- 1951, H. Proom, Wellcome Res. Lab., Beckenham, UK: strain 3028

Links

Virgibacillus pantothenticus B 21 is a facultative anaerobe, spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium that forms circular colonies and was isolated from soil.

spore-forming Gram-positive motile rod-shaped colony-forming facultative anaerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 13587

LMG 7129,ATCC 14576,CCM 2049,CCUG 7424,CECT 42,DSM 26,IAM 11061,NCFB 1765,NCIB 8775,NCTC 8162,PCM 454,NCDO 1765,NRRL NRS-1321,NCIMB 8775,VKM B-507,VKM B-1244,CIP 51.24,CCRC 14681,NCAIM B.01092,KCTC 3539,BCRC 14681,CCT 0537,HAMBI 476,KCTC 3860,CFBP 4270,NCIM 2476,NBRC 102447,JCM 20334,NRRL 1321

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-02-09 11:18:06

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Bacilli

Order Caryophanales

Family Bacillaceae

Genus Virgibacillus

Species Virgibacillus pantothenticus

Full scientific name Virgibacillus pantothenticus (Proom and Knight 1950) Heyndrickx et al. 1998

Synonyms (1)

Bacillus pantothenticus

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Virgibacillus pantothenticus** (7)	Type strain
1470	V. pantothenticus DSM 490, LMG 12366, NCTC 8122, CN 3019
1471	V. pantothenticus DSM 491, LMG 12367, NCTC 8124, CN 3023
1472	V. pantothenticus DSM 2235, LMG 12368, NCTC 8123, CN 3020
1473	V. pantothenticus DSM 2240, LMG 17367, CN 3026
136127	V. pantothenticus 683-86, CIP 102702
164103	V. pantothenticus JCM 31625
164105	V. pantothenticus JCM 31627

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell length	Cell width	Cell shape	Motility
23061	positive	2.0-8.0 mm	0.5-0.7 mm	rod-shaped
121534	positive			rod-shaped

Colony morphology

@ref	Colony size	Colony color	Colony shape	Incubation period	Medium used
23061	1.0-4.0 mm	creamy-grey	circular	2 days	trypticase soy agar

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
23061	trypticase soy agar
2027	NUTRIENT AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: NUTRIENT AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1) Composition: Agar 15.0 g/l Peptone 5.0 g/l Meat extract 3.0 g/l Distilled water
38435	MEDIUM 3 - Columbia agar		Columbia agar (39.000 g);distilled water (1000.000 ml)
121534	CIP Medium 72	Medium recipe at CIP
121534	CIP Medium 3	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
2027	positive	growth	30
23061	positive	growth	15.0-50.0
23061	positive	optimum	37.0
38435	positive	growth	30
67770	positive	growth	30

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
23061	facultative anaerobe
121534	facultative anaerobe
125439	obligate aerobe	95.5

Spore formation

@ref	Spore description	Type of spore	Spore formation	Confidence
23061	spherical to ellipsoidal,terminal or sometimes subterminal, in swollen sporangia	endospore
125438				93.906

Halophily

@ref	Salt	Growth	Tested relation	Concentration
23061	NaCl	positive	growth	4.0 %
23061	NaCl	positive	growth	10.0 %

Murein

@ref	Murein short key	Type
23061	A31	A1gamma m-Dpm-direct

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
23061	16808 ChEBI	2-dehydro-D-gluconate	-	builds acid from
23061	17426 ChEBI	5-dehydro-D-gluconate	-	builds acid from
23061	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	-	builds gas from
23061	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	+	builds acid from
68371	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	-	builds gas from
23061	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	+	builds acid from
68371	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061		casein	+	hydrolysis
23061	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	-	builds gas from
23061	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	+	builds acid from
68371	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds gas from
23061	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	+	builds acid from
23061	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from
68371	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	-	builds gas from
23061	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	+	builds acid from
23061	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from
68371	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	12936 ChEBI	D-galactose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	-	builds gas from
23061	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from
68371	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from
68371	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	-	builds gas from
23061	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	+	builds acid from
68371	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17924 ChEBI	D-sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds gas from
23061	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	+	builds acid from
68371	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from
68371	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from
68371	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis
68371	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from
68371	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	28260 ChEBI	galactose	-	builds gas from
23061	28260 ChEBI	galactose	+	builds acid from
23061	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	+	hydrolysis
23061	28066 ChEBI	gentiobiose	-	builds acid from
68371	28066 ChEBI	gentiobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	24265 ChEBI	gluconate	-	builds acid from
23061	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	-	builds gas from
23061	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	+	builds acid from
23061	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	builds acid from
68371	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from
68371	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from
68371	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from
68371	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from
68371	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from
68371	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from
68371	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	builds acid from
68371	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	17306 ChEBI	maltose	-	builds gas from
23061	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from
68371	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	29864 ChEBI	mannitol	-	builds acid from
23061	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from
68371	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from
68371	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	-	builds gas from
23061	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	+	builds acid from
68371	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds gas from
23061	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	+	builds acid from
68371	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from
68371	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	506227 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	-	builds gas from
23061	506227 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	+	builds acid from
68371	59640 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
121534	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction
121534	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68371		Potassium 2-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371		Potassium 5-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from
68371	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	26546 ChEBI	rhamnose	-	builds gas from
23061	26546 ChEBI	rhamnose	+	builds acid from
23061	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from
68371	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	33942 ChEBI	ribose	-	builds gas from
23061	33942 ChEBI	ribose	+	builds acid from
23061	17814 ChEBI	salicin	-	builds gas from
23061	17814 ChEBI	salicin	+	builds acid from
68371	17814 ChEBI	salicin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	30911 ChEBI	sorbitol	-	builds acid from
23061	28017 ChEBI	starch	-	builds gas from
23061	28017 ChEBI	starch	+	builds acid from
68371	28017 ChEBI	starch	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-	builds gas from
23061	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from
68371	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	-	builds gas from
23061	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	builds acid from
68371	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23061	32528 ChEBI	turanose	-	builds gas from
23061	32528 ChEBI	turanose	+	builds acid from
23061	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from
68371	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite
23061	15688 ChEBI	acetoin
23061	16136 ChEBI	hydrogen sulfide
121534	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test
23061	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	-	3.1.3.2	from API zym
68382	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
23061	arginine dihydrolase	-	3.5.3.6
23061	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23
68382	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API zym
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
23061	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
121534	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
121534	oxidase	+
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
121534	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

Pathway annotation

Computationally determined by

@ref	pathway	enzyme coverage	annotated reactions
66794	denitrification	100	2 of 2
66794	lipoate biosynthesis	100	5 of 5
66794	CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	gluconeogenesis	100	8 of 8
66794	pentose phosphate pathway	100	11 of 11
66794	adipate degradation	100	2 of 2
66794	teichoic acid biosynthesis	100	1 of 1
66794	ribulose monophosphate pathway	100	2 of 2
66794	vitamin K metabolism	100	5 of 5
66794	coenzyme A metabolism	100	4 of 4
66794	UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis	100	3 of 3
66794	L-lactaldehyde degradation	100	3 of 3
66794	enterobactin biosynthesis	100	3 of 3
66794	aspartate and asparagine metabolism	100	9 of 9
66794	folate polyglutamylation	100	1 of 1
66794	anapleurotic synthesis of oxalacetate	100	1 of 1
66794	methylglyoxal degradation	100	5 of 5
66794	suberin monomers biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	propanol degradation	100	7 of 7
66794	formaldehyde oxidation	100	3 of 3
66794	palmitate biosynthesis	95.45	21 of 22
66794	vitamin B1 metabolism	92.31	12 of 13
66794	Entner Doudoroff pathway	90	9 of 10
66794	starch degradation	90	9 of 10
66794	threonine metabolism	90	9 of 10
66794	4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation	90	9 of 10
66794	chorismate metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	valine metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	C4 and CAM-carbon fixation	87.5	7 of 8
66794	reductive acetyl coenzyme A pathway	85.71	6 of 7
66794	leucine metabolism	84.62	11 of 13
66794	pyrimidine metabolism	84.44	38 of 45
66794	proline metabolism	81.82	9 of 11
66794	purine metabolism	80.85	76 of 94
66794	flavin biosynthesis	80	12 of 15
66794	propionate fermentation	80	8 of 10
66794	glycine betaine biosynthesis	80	4 of 5
66794	hydrogen production	80	4 of 5
66794	peptidoglycan biosynthesis	80	12 of 15
66794	citric acid cycle	78.57	11 of 14
66794	tetrahydrofolate metabolism	78.57	11 of 14
66794	glutamate and glutamine metabolism	78.57	22 of 28
66794	heme metabolism	78.57	11 of 14
66794	photosynthesis	78.57	11 of 14
66794	molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis	77.78	7 of 9
66794	NAD metabolism	77.78	14 of 18
66794	d-mannose degradation	77.78	7 of 9
66794	serine metabolism	77.78	7 of 9
66794	methionine metabolism	76.92	20 of 26
66794	phenylalanine metabolism	76.92	10 of 13
66794	alanine metabolism	75.86	22 of 29
66794	acetate fermentation	75	3 of 4
66794	ppGpp biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	ketogluconate metabolism	75	6 of 8
66794	sulfopterin metabolism	75	3 of 4
66794	isoleucine metabolism	75	6 of 8
66794	cardiolipin biosynthesis	71.43	5 of 7
66794	non-pathway related	71.05	27 of 38
66794	urea cycle	69.23	9 of 13
66794	lysine metabolism	69.05	29 of 42
66794	degradation of sugar alcohols	68.75	11 of 16
66794	tryptophan metabolism	68.42	26 of 38
66794	CO2 fixation in Crenarchaeota	66.67	6 of 9
66794	acetyl CoA biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	glycolate and glyoxylate degradation	66.67	4 of 6
66794	cyanate degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	acetoin degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	histidine metabolism	65.52	19 of 29
66794	oxidative phosphorylation	64.84	59 of 91
66794	glycolysis	64.71	11 of 17
66794	6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis	62.5	5 of 8
66794	degradation of hexoses	61.11	11 of 18
66794	glycogen metabolism	60	3 of 5
66794	phenylacetate degradation (aerobic)	60	3 of 5
66794	metabolism of amino sugars and derivatives	60	3 of 5
66794	degradation of aromatic, nitrogen containing compounds	58.33	7 of 12
66794	lipid metabolism	58.06	18 of 31
66794	degradation of pentoses	57.14	16 of 28
66794	cysteine metabolism	55.56	10 of 18
66794	metabolism of disaccharids	54.55	6 of 11
66794	phosphatidylethanolamine bioynthesis	53.85	7 of 13
66794	polyamine pathway	52.17	12 of 23
66794	phenylmercury acetate degradation	50	1 of 2
66794	selenocysteine biosynthesis	50	3 of 6
66794	biotin biosynthesis	50	2 of 4
66794	ethanol fermentation	50	1 of 2
66794	CMP-KDO biosynthesis	50	2 of 4
66794	myo-inositol biosynthesis	50	5 of 10
66794	glycine metabolism	50	5 of 10
66794	cis-vaccenate biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	arginine metabolism	50	12 of 24
66794	dolichol and dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	butanoate fermentation	50	2 of 4
66794	glycogen biosynthesis	50	2 of 4
66794	quinate degradation	50	1 of 2
66794	glutathione metabolism	50	7 of 14
66794	toluene degradation	50	2 of 4
66794	sulfate reduction	46.15	6 of 13
66794	isoprenoid biosynthesis	46.15	12 of 26
66794	vitamin B6 metabolism	45.45	5 of 11
66794	ascorbate metabolism	45.45	10 of 22
66794	androgen and estrogen metabolism	43.75	7 of 16
66794	ubiquinone biosynthesis	42.86	3 of 7
66794	mevalonate metabolism	42.86	3 of 7
66794	tyrosine metabolism	42.86	6 of 14
66794	gallate degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	cellulose degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	coenzyme M biosynthesis	40	4 of 10
66794	creatinine degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	bacilysin biosynthesis	40	2 of 5
66794	dTDPLrhamnose biosynthesis	37.5	3 of 8
66794	d-xylose degradation	36.36	4 of 11
66794	degradation of sugar acids	36	9 of 25
66794	nitrate assimilation	33.33	3 of 9
66794	IAA biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	lipid A biosynthesis	33.33	3 of 9
66794	octane oxidation	33.33	1 of 3
66794	arachidonic acid metabolism	33.33	6 of 18
66794	sphingosine metabolism	33.33	2 of 6
66794	pantothenate biosynthesis	33.33	2 of 6
66794	(5R)-carbapenem carboxylate biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	sulfoquinovose degradation	33.33	1 of 3
66794	phenylpropanoid biosynthesis	30.77	4 of 13
66794	bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway	29.41	5 of 17
66794	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide biosynthesis	27.27	3 of 11
66794	cholesterol biosynthesis	27.27	3 of 11
66794	3-phenylpropionate degradation	26.67	4 of 15
66794	vitamin E metabolism	25	1 of 4
66794	carnitine metabolism	25	2 of 8
66794	lactate fermentation	25	1 of 4
66794	cyclohexanol degradation	25	1 of 4
66794	catecholamine biosynthesis	25	1 of 4
66794	phenol degradation	25	5 of 20
66794	vitamin B12 metabolism	23.53	8 of 34
66794	4-hydroxymandelate degradation	22.22	2 of 9
66794	allantoin degradation	22.22	2 of 9

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
121534	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-

API 50CHac

@ref	ControlQ	GLY	ERY	DARA	LARA	RIB	DXYL	LXYL	ADO	MDX	GAL	GLU	FRU	MNE	SBE	RHA	DUL	INO	MAN	SOR	MDM	MDG	NAG	AMY	ARB	ESC	SAL	CEL	MAL	LAC	MEL	SAC	TRE	INU	MLZ	RAF	AMD	GLYG	XLT	GEN	TUR	LYX	TAG	DFUC	LFUC	DARL	LARL	GNT	2KG	5KG
121534	not determinedn.d.	+/-	-	+/-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	+/-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+/-	-	+	-	+/-	-	-	+/-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Environmental	#Terrestrial	#Soil

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Geographic location	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent
2027	soil	Southern England	United Kingdom	GBR	Europe
44993	Soil,garden
67770	Soil		United Kingdom	GBR	Europe
121534	Environment, Soil, garden		United Kingdom	GBR	Europe

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
2027	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
121534	1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
124043	ASM1807536v1 assembly for Virgibacillus pantothenticus DSM 26	complete	GCA_018075365	1473.18	8002668120	1473	98.55
67770	ASM118957v1 assembly for Virgibacillus pantothenticus DSM 26	scaffold	GCA_001189575		2654587738	1473	70.54
67770	IMG-taxon 2681813560 annotated assembly for Virgibacillus pantothenticus DSM 26	scaffold	GCA_900156795		2681813560	1473	68.76

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
20218	Virgibacillus pantothenticus isolate Vpa1 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer, complete sequence; and 23S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	EU723672	651	1473
67770	Virgibacillus pantothenticus gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: NBRC 102447	AB681789	1490	1473
67770	Virgibacillus pantothenticus gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: IAM 11061	D16275	1491	1473
67770	Bacillus pantothenticus DNA for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence	D78477	1448	1473
124043	Virgibacillus pantothenticus gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence.	AB006932	291	1473
124043	B.pantothenticus 16S ribosomal RNA	X60627	1439	1473

GC content

@ref	GC-content (mol%)	Method
23061	36.9
2027	36.9	thermal denaturation, midpoint method (Tm)
2027	36.8	Buoyant density centrifugation (BD)
67770	38.3	thermal denaturation, midpoint method (Tm)

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Virgibacillus pantothenticus DSM 26
NCBI: GCA_900156795

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	84.40	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	77.20	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	variable	82.40	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	obligate aerobe	95.50	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Virgibacillus pantothenticus DSM 26
NCBI: GCA_900156795.1

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	76.12	yes
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	94.83	yes
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	yes	64.50	no
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	yes	93.91	yes
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	89.65	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	82.74	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Biosynthetic gene cluster profiling from North Java Sea Virgibacillus salarius reveals hidden potential metabolites.	Radjasa OK, Steven R, Humaira Z, Dwivany FM, Nugrahapraja H, Trinugroho JP, Kristianti T, Chahyadi A, Natanael Y, Priharto N, Kamarisima, Sembiring FAPB, Dwijayanti A, Kusmita L, Moeis MR, Suhardi VSH, Suhardi VSH.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-023-44603-8	2023
	Phenomics and Genomics Reveal Adaptation of Virgibacillus dokdonensis Strain 21D to Its Origin of Isolation, the Seawater-Brine Interface of the Mediterranean Sea Deep Hypersaline Anoxic Basin Discovery.	Zeaiter Z, Marasco R, Booth JM, Prosdocimi EM, Mapelli F, Callegari M, Fusi M, Michoud G, Molinari F, Daffonchio D, Borin S, Crotti E.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2019.01304	2019
	Microbiological analysis of cigarette butts and cigarette butt fibers on a tourist beach in Cartagena, Colombia.	Diaz-Mendoza C, Mouthon-Bello J, Botero CM, Acevedo-Barrios R, Gutierrez L.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-025-91488-w	2025
	Optimization and Mechanism of Ca²⁺ Biosorption by Virgibacillus pantothenticus Isolated from Gelatine Wastewater.	Ren H, Xiang Y, Zhang A, Zhao H, Tian H, Guo X, Zheng Y, Zhang B.	Pol J Microbiol	10.33073/pjm-2025-002	2025
	Screening of Moderately Halophilic Bacteria Producing Ectoine Resulting in the Selection of Virgibacillus salarius BHTA19.	Leszczewicz M, Broncel N, Fraczak O, Kapela T, Makowski K.	Food Technol Biotechnol	10.17113/ftb.63.03.25.8727	2025
	Study of diversity of mineral-forming bacteria in sabkha mats and sediments of mangrove forest in Qatar.	Farhat TM, Al Disi ZA, Ashfaq MY, Zouari N.	Biotechnol Rep (Amst)	10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00811	2023
	Novel starter cultures Virgibacillus spp. selected from grasshopper sub shrimp paste to inhibit biogenic amines accumulation.	Zhao Y, Sang X, Hao H, Bi J, Zhang G, Hou H.	AMB Express	10.1186/s13568-021-01186-9	2021
	Bioinformatic analysis of type III CRISPR systems reveals key properties and new effector families.	Hoikkala V, Graham S, White MF.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/gkae462	2024
	Halophilic bacteria of salt lakes and saline soils of the Peri-Caspian lowland (Republic of Daghestan) and their biotechnological potential.	Khalilova EA, Kotenko ST, Islammagomedova EA, Abakarova AA, Chernyh NA, Aliverdiyeva DA.	Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii	10.18699/vj21.026	2021
	Dynamic Transcriptional Landscape of Mycobacterium smegmatis under Cold Stress.	Grigorov AS, Skvortsova YV, Bychenko OS, Aseev LV, Koledinskaya LS, Boni IV, Azhikina TL.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms241612706	2023
	AlgU mediates hyperosmotic tolerance in Pseudomonas protegens SN15-2 by regulating membrane stability, ROS scavenging, and osmolyte synthesis.	Wang J, Wang Y, Lu S, Lou H, Wang X, Wang W.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00596-24	2024
	Identification, characterization and antibiotic susceptibility testing for Bacillus species.	Fahim NAE, Ismail GAE, Abdelaleem MB, Elanany M, Saber SM, El-Ashry MAE.	Iran J Microbiol	10.18502/ijm.v14i4.10234	2022
Metabolism	Bioprecipitation of Calcium Carbonate Crystals by Bacteria Isolated from Saline Environments Grown in Culture Media Amended with Seawater and Real Brine.	Silva-Castro GA, Uad I, Gonzalez-Martinez A, Rivadeneyra A, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Rivadeneyra MA.	Biomed Res Int	10.1155/2015/816102	2015
	Biosynthesis and properties of an extracellular thermostable serine alkaline protease from Virgibacillus pantothenticus	Gupta A, Joseph B, Mani A, Thomas G.	World J Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s11274-007-9462-z	2008
Enzymology	Enhanced protease production in a polymethylmethacrylate conico-cylindrical flask by two biofilm-forming bacteria.	Sarkar S, Roy D, Mukherjee J.	Bioresour Technol	10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.091	2011
	Occurrence, Diversity, and Character of Bacillaceae in the Solid Fermentation Process of Strong Aromatic Liquors.	Tong W, He P, Yang Y, Qiao Z, Huang D, Luo H, Feng X.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2021.811788	2021
	Predictive modeling apllied to growth of spoilage Virgibacillus pantothenticus on industrial creme caramel	Gonzalez RD, Hunzicker GM, Sousa GBd, Tamagnini LM, Budde CE.	Journal of food safety.	10.1111/j.1745-4565.2007.00076.x	2007
	Predominance of Viable Spore-Forming Piezophilic Bacteria in High-Pressure Enrichment Cultures from ~1.5 to 2.4 km-Deep Coal-Bearing Sediments below the Ocean Floor.	Fang J, Kato C, Runko GM, Nogi Y, Hori T, Li J, Morono Y, Inagaki F.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2017.00137	2017
	Degradation of Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metal Reduction by Marine Bacteria in Highly Contaminated Sediments.	Dell'Anno F, Brunet C, van Zyl LJ, Trindade M, Golyshin PN, Dell'Anno A, Ianora A, Sansone C.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms8091402	2020
Phylogeny	Metabarcoding Analyses of Gut Microbiota of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Awassa and Lake Chamo, Ethiopia.	Bereded NK, Curto M, Domig KJ, Abebe GB, Fanta SW, Waidbacher H, Meimberg H.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms8071040	2020
Metabolism	Synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Virgibacillus pantothenticus is triggered by high salinity and low growth temperature.	Kuhlmann AU, Bursy J, Gimpel S, Hoffmann T, Bremer E.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00492-08	2008
Phylogeny	Smokeless Tobacco Products (STPs) Harbour Bacterial Populations with Potential for Oral Carcinogenicity.	Monika S, Dineshkumar T, Priyadharini S, Niveditha T, Sk P, Rajkumar K.	Asian Pac J Cancer Prev	10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.3.815	2020
Metabolism	Ectoine from Bacterial and Algal Origin Is a Compatible Solute in Microalgae.	Fenizia S, Thume K, Wirgenings M, Pohnert G.	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md18010042	2020
	The use of principle component analysis and MALDI-TOF MS for the differentiation of mineral forming Virgibacillus and Bacillus species isolated from sabkhas.	Abdel Samad R, Al Disi Z, Mohammad Ashfaq MY, Wahib SM, Zouari N.	RSC Adv	10.1039/d0ra01229g	2020
	Characterization of candidate genes involved in halotolerance using high-throughput omics in the halotolerant bacterium Virgibacillus chiguensis.	Chen YH, Shyu YT, Lin SS.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0201346	2018
Metabolism	Ectoine and hydroxyectoine as protectants against osmotic and cold stress: uptake through the SigB-controlled betaine-choline- carnitine transporter-type carrier EctT from Virgibacillus pantothenticus.	Kuhlmann AU, Hoffmann T, Bursy J, Jebbar M, Bremer E.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.05270-11	2011
Enzymology	Isolation of a 250 million-year-old halotolerant bacterium from a primary salt crystal.	Vreeland RH, Rosenzweig WD, Powers DW.	Nature	10.1038/35038060	2000
	Characterization of detergent compatible protease from halophilic Virgibacillus sp. CD6.	Lam MQ, Nik Mut NN, Thevarajoo S, Chen SJ, Selvaratnam C, Hussin H, Jamaluddin H, Chong CS.	3 Biotech	10.1007/s13205-018-1133-2	2018
	Transcriptomic and Ectoine Analysis of Halotolerant Nocardiopsis gilva YIM 90087^T Under Salt Stress.	Han J, Gao QX, Zhang YG, Li L, Mohamad OAA, Rao MPN, Xiao M, Hozzein WN, Alkhalifah DHM, Tao Y, Li WJ.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2018.00618	2018
Metabolism	The Polyextremophilic Bacterium Clostridium paradoxum Attains Piezophilic Traits by Modulating Its Energy Metabolism and Cell Membrane Composition.	Scoma A, Garrido-Amador P, Nielsen SD, Roy H, Kjeldsen KU.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00802-19	2019
Phylogeny	Bioprospecting Red Sea Coastal Ecosystems for Culturable Microorganisms and Their Antimicrobial Potential.	Al-Amoudi S, Essack M, Simoes MF, Bougouffa S, Soloviev I, Archer JA, Lafi FF, Bajic VB.	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md14090165	2016
	Antagonistic Activities of Bacillus spp. Strains Isolated from Tidal Flat Sediment Towards Anthracnose Pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides in South Korea.	Han JH, Shim H, Shin JH, Kim KS.	Plant Pathol J	10.5423/ppj.oa.03.2015.0036	2015
	Osmotic Stress Confers Enhanced Cell Integrity to Hydrostatic Pressure but Impairs Growth in Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2.	Scoma A, Boon N.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2016.00729	2016
Metabolism	Bioflocculant production by Virgibacillus sp. Rob isolated from the bottom sediment of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.	Cosa S, Mabinya LV, Olaniran AO, Okoh OO, Bernard K, Deyzel S, Okoh AI.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules16032431	2011
Phylogeny	Development of a PCR based marker system for easy identification and classification of aerobic endospore forming bacilli.	Kadyan S, Panghal M, Singh K, Yadav JP.	Springerplus	10.1186/2193-1801-2-596	2013
Pathogenicity	Identification by quantitative carrier test of surrogate spore-forming bacteria to assess sporicidal chemicals for use against Bacillus anthracis.	Majcher MR, Bernard KA, Sattar SA.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01715-07	2008
	Compatible Solute Synthesis and Import by the Moderate Halophile Spiribacter salinus: Physiology and Genomics.	Leon MJ, Hoffmann T, Sanchez-Porro C, Heider J, Ventosa A, Bremer E.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2018.00108	2018
	Halophiles 2010: life in saline environments.	Ma Y, Galinski EA, Grant WD, Oren A, Ventosa A.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01868-10	2010
Phylogeny	Enzymatic manganese(II) oxidation by metabolically dormant spores of diverse Bacillus species.	Francis CA, Tebo BM.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.68.2.874-880.2002	2002
Metabolism	BetS is a major glycine betaine/proline betaine transporter required for early osmotic adjustment in Sinorhizobium meliloti.	Boscari A, Mandon K, Dupont L, Poggi MC, Le Rudulier D.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.184.10.2654-2663.2002	2002
	Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.	Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.68.2.772-783.2002	2002
Genetics	Genome Sequence of Virgibacillus pantothenticus DSM 26T (ATCC 14576), a Mesophilic and Halotolerant Bacterium Isolated from Soil.	Wang JP, Liu B, Liu GH, Chen DJ, Zhu YJ, Chen Z, Che JM	Genome Announc	10.1128/genomeA.01064-15	2015
Genetics	Virgibacillus doumboii sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from the stool of a healthy child in Mali.	Konate S, Camara A, Lo CI, Tidjani Alou M, Hamidou Togo A, Niare S, Armstrong N, Djimde A, Thera MA, Fenollar F, Raoult D, Million M.	New Microbes New Infect	10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100890	2021
Genetics	Numidum massiliense gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the Bacillaceae family isolated from the human gut.	Tidjani Alou M, Nguyen TT, Armstrong N, Rathored J, Khelaifia S, Raoult D, Fournier PE, Lagier JC.	New Microbes New Infect	10.1016/j.nmni.2016.05.009	2016
Phylogeny	Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays.	Glaeser SP, McInroy JA, Busse HJ, Kampfer P.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.064584-0	2014
	Identification of a New Serine Alkaline Peptidase from the Moderately Halophilic Virgibacillus natechei sp. nov., Strain FarD^T and its Application as Bioadditive for Peptide Synthesis and Laundry Detergent Formulations.	Mechri S, Bouacem K, Amziane M, Dab A, Nateche F, Jaouadi B.	Biomed Res Int	10.1155/2019/6470897	2019
Phylogeny	Neobacillus driksii sp. nov. isolated from a Mars 2020 spacecraft assembly facility and genomic potential for lasso peptide production in Neobacillus.	Hameed A, McDonagh F, Sengupta P, Miliotis G, Sivabalan SKM, Szydlowski L, Simpson A, Singh NK, Rekha PD, Raman K, Venkateswaran K.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.01376-24	2025
Phylogeny	Virgibacillus chiguensis sp. nov., a novel halophilic bacterium isolated from Chigu, a previously commercial saltern located in southern Taiwan.	Wang CY, Chang CC, Ng CC, Chen TW, Shyu YT.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.64996-0	2008
Phylogeny	Proposal of Virgibacillus proomii sp. nov. and emended description of Virgibacillus pantothenticus (Proom and Knight 1950) Heyndrickx et al. 1998.	Heyndrickx M, Lebbe L, Kersters K, Hoste B, De Wachter R, De Vos P, Forsyth G, Logan NA.	Int J Syst Bacteriol	10.1099/00207713-49-3-1083	1999
Phylogeny	Gracilibacillus gen. nov., with description of Gracilibacillus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov.; transfer of Bacillus dipsosauri to Gracilibacillus dipsosauri comb. nov., and Bacillus salexigens to the genus Salibacillus gen. nov., as Salibacillus salexigens comb. nov.	Waino M, Tindall BJ, Schumann P, Ingvorsen K.	Int J Syst Bacteriol	10.1099/00207713-49-2-821	1999
Genetics	Virgibacillus senegalensis sp. nov., a new moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from human gut.	Seck E, Rathored J, Khelaifia S, Croce O, Robert C, Couderc C, Di Pinto F, Sokhna C, Raoult D, Lagier JC.	New Microbes New Infect	10.1016/j.nmni.2015.09.014	2015
Phylogeny	Virgibacillus salarius sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a Saharan salt lake.	Hua NP, Hamza-Chaffai A, Vreeland RH, Isoda H, Naganuma T	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.65693-0	2008

References

#2027	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 26
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#23061	M. Heyndrickx,L. Lebbe,K. Kersters,B. Hoste,R. De Wachter,P. De Vos,G. Forsyth,N. A. Logan: Proposal of Virgibacillus proomii sp. nov. and emended description of Virgibacillus pantothenticus (Proom and Knight 1950) Heyndrickx et al. 1998. IJSEM 49: 1083 - 1090 1999 ( DOI 10.1099/00207713-49-3-1083 , PubMed 10425765 )
#38435	; Curators of the CIP;
#44993	Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) ; Curators of the CCUG; CCUG 7424
#66794	Antje Chang, Lisa Jeske, Sandra Ulbrich, Julia Hofmann, Julia Koblitz, Ida Schomburg, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Dieter Jahn, Dietmar Schomburg: BRENDA, the ELIXIR core data resource in 2021: new developments and updates. Nucleic Acids Res. 49: D498 - D508 2020 ( DOI 10.1093/nar/gkaa1025 , PubMed 33211880 )
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68371	Automatically annotated from API 50CH acid .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#121534	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 51.24
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Virgibacillus pantothenticus (DSM 26, ATCC 14576, CCM 2049)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Halophily

Murein

Metabolite utilization

Metabolite production

Metabolite tests

Enzymes

Pathway annotation

API zym

API 50CHac

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_018075365

16S sequences

GC content

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

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