Spiroplasma gladiatoris (DSM 22552, ATCC 43525, TG-1)

Name: Spiroplasma gladiatoris (DSM 22552, ATCC 43525, TG-1)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 14373

Type strain

Strain Designation TG-1

Culture col. no. DSM 22552 ATCC 43525 TG-1

NCBI tax ID(s) 2143

Special Collections DSMZ

History <- J. K. Davis, Dept. Agronomy, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, USA <- J. G. Tully <- R. F. Whitcomb <- T. Clark

Links

Spiroplasma gladiatoris TG-1 is a microaerophile bacterium that was isolated from gut of a horsefly .

microaerophile genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 41892

DSM 22552,ATCC 43525

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-02-09 11:21:24

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Mycoplasmatota

Class Mollicutes

Order Mycoplasmatales

Family Spiroplasmataceae

Genus Spiroplasma

Species Spiroplasma gladiatoris

Full scientific name Spiroplasma gladiatoris Whitcomb et al. 1997

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Motility	Confidence	Gram stain
125438		93.805
125439		98	negative

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Medium link	Composition
16393	SP4-Z MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 1076b)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: SP4-Z MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 1076b) Composition: Agar 10.0 g/l Tryptone 10.0 g/l Bacto peptone 5.0 g/l PPLO broth 3.5 g/l Urea 2.0 g/l Glucose 1.0 g/l None 1.0 g/l Yeast extract 0.4 g/l DNA 0.2 g/l CMRL 1066 Fetal bovine serum Swine serum Distilled water

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
16393	positive	growth	30

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
16393	microaerophile
125439	facultative anaerobe	98.2

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125438		96.395
125439		97.5

Pathway annotation

Computationally determined by

@ref	pathway	enzyme coverage	annotated reactions
66794	CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	L-lactaldehyde degradation	100	3 of 3
66794	folate polyglutamylation	100	1 of 1
66794	palmitate biosynthesis	77.27	17 of 22
66794	ppGpp biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	acetate fermentation	75	3 of 4
66794	photosynthesis	71.43	10 of 14
66794	UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	acetoin degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	formaldehyde oxidation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	glycolysis	64.71	11 of 17
66794	purine metabolism	63.83	60 of 94
66794	pentose phosphate pathway	54.55	6 of 11
66794	pyrimidine metabolism	53.33	24 of 45
66794	coenzyme A metabolism	50	2 of 4
66794	adipate degradation	50	1 of 2
66794	ethanol fermentation	50	1 of 2
66794	ketogluconate metabolism	50	4 of 8
66794	NAD metabolism	50	9 of 18
66794	sulfopterin metabolism	50	2 of 4
66794	aspartate and asparagine metabolism	44.44	4 of 9
66794	serine metabolism	44.44	4 of 9
66794	d-mannose degradation	44.44	4 of 9
66794	cardiolipin biosynthesis	42.86	3 of 7
66794	oxidative phosphorylation	42.86	39 of 91
66794	propanol degradation	42.86	3 of 7
66794	glycine metabolism	40	4 of 10
66794	cellulose degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	methylglyoxal degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	lipoate biosynthesis	40	2 of 5
66794	metabolism of amino sugars and derivatives	40	2 of 5
66794	glutamate and glutamine metabolism	39.29	11 of 28
66794	vitamin B1 metabolism	38.46	5 of 13
66794	6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis	37.5	3 of 8
66794	degradation of sugar alcohols	37.5	6 of 16
66794	metabolism of disaccharids	36.36	4 of 11
66794	lipid metabolism	35.48	11 of 31
66794	isoprenoid biosynthesis	34.62	9 of 26
66794	octane oxidation	33.33	1 of 3
66794	acetyl CoA biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	glycolate and glyoxylate degradation	33.33	2 of 6
66794	selenocysteine biosynthesis	33.33	2 of 6
66794	phenylalanine metabolism	30.77	4 of 13
66794	methionine metabolism	30.77	8 of 26
66794	Entner Doudoroff pathway	30	3 of 10
66794	reductive acetyl coenzyme A pathway	28.57	2 of 7
66794	degradation of pentoses	28.57	8 of 28
66794	glutathione metabolism	28.57	4 of 14
66794	tetrahydrofolate metabolism	28.57	4 of 14
66794	d-xylose degradation	27.27	3 of 11
66794	proline metabolism	27.27	3 of 11
66794	flavin biosynthesis	26.67	4 of 15
66794	non-pathway related	26.32	10 of 38
66794	cyclohexanol degradation	25	1 of 4
66794	glycogen biosynthesis	25	1 of 4
66794	butanoate fermentation	25	1 of 4
66794	lactate fermentation	25	1 of 4
66794	lipid A biosynthesis	22.22	2 of 9
66794	valine metabolism	22.22	2 of 9
66794	nitrate assimilation	22.22	2 of 9
66794	CO2 fixation in Crenarchaeota	22.22	2 of 9
66794	arginine metabolism	20.83	5 of 24
66794	alanine metabolism	20.69	6 of 29
66794	histidine metabolism	20.69	6 of 29

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Host	#Arthropoda	#Insecta
#Host Body-Site	#Gastrointestinal tract	#Stomach

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Host species	Geographic location	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent
16393	gut of a horsefly (Tabanus gladiator)	Tabanus gladiator	Maryland, Bucktown	USA	USA	North America

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
16393	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM437933v1 assembly for Spiroplasma gladiatoris TG-1	complete	GCA_004379335	2143.4	2843679700	2143	85.61

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
16393	Spiroplasma sp. TG-1 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	M24475	1469		2143

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Spiroplasma gladiatoris strain TG-1
PATRIC: 2143.4

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	97.50	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	50.30	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	negative	98.00	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	facultative anaerobe	98.20	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Spiroplasma gladiatoris TG-1
NCBI: GCA_004379335.1

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	72.77	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	82.20	yes
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	97.52	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	96.40	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	96.32	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	93.81	no

Literature

References

#16393	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 22552
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#66794	Antje Chang, Lisa Jeske, Sandra Ulbrich, Julia Hofmann, Julia Koblitz, Ida Schomburg, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Dieter Jahn, Dietmar Schomburg: BRENDA, the ELIXIR core data resource in 2021: new developments and updates. Nucleic Acids Res. 49: D498 - D508 2020 ( DOI 10.1093/nar/gkaa1025 , PubMed 33211880 )
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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