Nocardia asteroides (DSM 43757, ATCC 19247, CCM 2754)

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Multimedia

• @ref:	11179
  multimedia content:	DSM_43757.jpg
  multimedia.multimedia content:	https://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/photos/DSM_43757.jpg
  caption:	Medium 553 28°C
  intellectual property rights:	© Leibniz-Institut DSMZ
  manual_annotation:	1

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Medium link	Composition
11179	GYM STREPTOMYCES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 65)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: GYM STREPTOMYCES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 65) Composition: Agar 18.0 g/l Malt extract 10.0 g/l Yeast extract 4.0 g/l Glucose 4.0 g/l CaCO3 2.0 g/l Distilled water
11179	TRYPTICASE SOY YEAST EXTRACT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 92)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: TRYPTICASE SOY YEAST EXTRACT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 92) Composition: Trypticase soy broth 30.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Yeast extract 3.0 g/l Distilled water
11179	COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693) Composition: Defibrinated sheep blood 50.0 g/l Columbia agar base
35685	MEDIUM 3 - Columbia agar			Columbia agar (39.000 g);distilled water (1000.000 ml)
116531	CIP Medium 3		Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

Oxygen tolerance

Halophily

Observation

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
116531	16947 ChEBI	citrate	-	carbon source
68379	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68379	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68379	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68379	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
116531	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis
68379	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	-	hydrolysis	from API Coryne
68379	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
116531	606565 ChEBI	hippurate	-	hydrolysis
68379	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68379	17306 ChEBI	maltose	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68379	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction	from API Coryne
116531	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction
116531	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	respiration
116531	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68379	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-	fermentation	from API Coryne

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
116531	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test
116531	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
116531	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68379	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API Coryne
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68379	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API Coryne
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
116531	amylase	-
68382	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API zym
116531	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23
68379	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API Coryne
68382	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
68379	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API Coryne
116531	caseinase	-	3.4.21.50
116531	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
68379	catalase	+	1.11.1.6	from API Coryne
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
116531	DNase	-
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
116531	gamma-glutamyltransferase	-	2.3.2.2
116531	gelatinase	-
68379	gelatinase	-		from API Coryne
116531	lecithinase	-
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
116531	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68379	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API Coryne
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
116531	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
116531	oxidase	-
68379	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	-	3.4.19.3	from API Coryne
68382	trypsin	+	3.4.21.4	from API zym
116531	tween esterase	-
116531	urease	+	3.5.1.5
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

Pathway annotation

Computationally determined by

@ref	pathway	enzyme coverage	annotated reactions	external links
66794	ppGpp biosynthesis	100	4 of 4
66794	octane oxidation	100	3 of 3
66794	biotin biosynthesis	100	4 of 4
66794	ethanol fermentation	100	2 of 2
66794	threonine metabolism	100	10 of 10
66794	coenzyme A metabolism	100	4 of 4
66794	adipate degradation	100	2 of 2
66794	cardiolipin biosynthesis	100	7 of 7
66794	formaldehyde oxidation	100	3 of 3
66794	cis-vaccenate biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	acetate fermentation	100	4 of 4
66794	photosynthesis	100	14 of 14
66794	CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	denitrification	100	2 of 2
66794	methylglyoxal degradation	100	5 of 5
66794	butanoate fermentation	100	4 of 4
66794	valine metabolism	100	9 of 9
66794	UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis	100	3 of 3
66794	palmitate biosynthesis	100	22 of 22
66794	phenylmercury acetate degradation	100	2 of 2
66794	enterobactin biosynthesis	100	3 of 3
66794	cyanate degradation	100	3 of 3
66794	suberin monomers biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	taurine degradation	100	1 of 1
66794	anapleurotic synthesis of oxalacetate	100	1 of 1
66794	aminopropanol phosphate biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	aerobactin biosynthesis	100	1 of 1
66794	resorcinol degradation	100	2 of 2
66794	folate polyglutamylation	100	1 of 1
66794	vitamin K metabolism	100	5 of 5
66794	heme metabolism	92.86	13 of 14
66794	phenylalanine metabolism	92.31	12 of 13
66794	propionate fermentation	90	9 of 10
66794	aspartate and asparagine metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	CO2 fixation in Crenarchaeota	88.89	8 of 9
66794	serine metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	chorismate metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	gluconeogenesis	87.5	7 of 8
66794	flavin biosynthesis	86.67	13 of 15
66794	propanol degradation	85.71	6 of 7
66794	reductive acetyl coenzyme A pathway	85.71	6 of 7
66794	citric acid cycle	85.71	12 of 14
66794	leucine metabolism	84.62	11 of 13
66794	degradation of aromatic, nitrogen containing compounds	83.33	10 of 12
66794	glycolate and glyoxylate degradation	83.33	5 of 6
66794	NAD metabolism	83.33	15 of 18
66794	vitamin B12 metabolism	82.35	28 of 34
66794	pentose phosphate pathway	81.82	9 of 11
66794	factor 420 biosynthesis	80	4 of 5
66794	phenylacetate degradation (aerobic)	80	4 of 5
66794	gallate degradation	80	4 of 5
66794	glycogen metabolism	80	4 of 5
66794	peptidoglycan biosynthesis	80	12 of 15
66794	Entner Doudoroff pathway	80	8 of 10
66794	ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway	80	4 of 5
66794	purine metabolism	79.79	75 of 94
66794	glutamate and glutamine metabolism	78.57	22 of 28
66794	glutathione metabolism	78.57	11 of 14
66794	d-mannose degradation	77.78	7 of 9
66794	molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis	77.78	7 of 9
66794	carotenoid biosynthesis	77.27	17 of 22
66794	vitamin B1 metabolism	76.92	10 of 13
66794	methionine metabolism	76.92	20 of 26
66794	urea cycle	76.92	10 of 13
66794	glycolysis	76.47	13 of 17
66794	histidine metabolism	75.86	22 of 29
66794	alanine metabolism	75.86	22 of 29
66794	6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis	75	6 of 8
66794	C4 and CAM-carbon fixation	75	6 of 8
66794	CMP-KDO biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	isoleucine metabolism	75	6 of 8
66794	dTDPLrhamnose biosynthesis	75	6 of 8
66794	sulfopterin metabolism	75	3 of 4
66794	glycogen biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	lipid metabolism	74.19	23 of 31
66794	proline metabolism	72.73	8 of 11
66794	tetrahydrofolate metabolism	71.43	10 of 14
66794	starch degradation	70	7 of 10
66794	oxidative phosphorylation	69.23	63 of 91
66794	pyrimidine metabolism	68.89	31 of 45
66794	lysine metabolism	66.67	28 of 42
66794	4-hydroxymandelate degradation	66.67	6 of 9
66794	acetyl CoA biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	L-lactaldehyde degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	arginine metabolism	66.67	16 of 24
66794	cysteine metabolism	66.67	12 of 18
66794	IAA biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	acetoin degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	non-pathway related	65.79	25 of 38
66794	isoprenoid biosynthesis	65.38	17 of 26
66794	phenol degradation	65	13 of 20
66794	bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway	64.71	11 of 17
66794	tyrosine metabolism	64.29	9 of 14
66794	d-xylose degradation	63.64	7 of 11
66794	metabolism of disaccharids	63.64	7 of 11
66794	tryptophan metabolism	63.16	24 of 38
66794	ketogluconate metabolism	62.5	5 of 8
66794	androgen and estrogen metabolism	62.5	10 of 16
66794	sulfate reduction	61.54	8 of 13
66794	3-chlorocatechol degradation	60	3 of 5
66794	lipoate biosynthesis	60	3 of 5
66794	arachidonate biosynthesis	60	3 of 5
66794	mevalonate metabolism	57.14	4 of 7
66794	ubiquinone biosynthesis	57.14	4 of 7
66794	allantoin degradation	55.56	5 of 9
66794	phenylpropanoid biosynthesis	53.85	7 of 13
66794	3-phenylpropionate degradation	53.33	8 of 15
66794	degradation of sugar alcohols	50	8 of 16
66794	cyclohexanol degradation	50	2 of 4
66794	pantothenate biosynthesis	50	3 of 6
66794	toluene degradation	50	2 of 4
66794	arachidonic acid metabolism	50	9 of 18
66794	selenocysteine biosynthesis	50	3 of 6
66794	sphingosine metabolism	50	3 of 6
66794	kanosamine biosynthesis II	50	1 of 2
66794	mannosylglycerate biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	phosphatidylethanolamine bioynthesis	46.15	6 of 13
66794	cholesterol biosynthesis	45.45	5 of 11
66794	nitrate assimilation	44.44	4 of 9
66794	lipid A biosynthesis	44.44	4 of 9
66794	aclacinomycin biosynthesis	42.86	3 of 7
66794	benzoyl-CoA degradation	42.86	3 of 7
66794	glycine betaine biosynthesis	40	2 of 5
66794	creatinine degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation	40	4 of 10
66794	glycine metabolism	40	4 of 10
66794	cellulose degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	coenzyme M biosynthesis	40	4 of 10
66794	degradation of sugar acids	40	10 of 25
66794	bacilysin biosynthesis	40	2 of 5
66794	polyamine pathway	39.13	9 of 23
66794	carnitine metabolism	37.5	3 of 8
66794	vitamin B6 metabolism	36.36	4 of 11
66794	degradation of pentoses	35.71	10 of 28
66794	(5R)-carbapenem carboxylate biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	methane metabolism	33.33	1 of 3
66794	ascorbate metabolism	31.82	7 of 22
66794	myo-inositol biosynthesis	30	3 of 10
66794	chlorophyll metabolism	27.78	5 of 18
66794	degradation of hexoses	27.78	5 of 18
66794	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide biosynthesis	27.27	3 of 11
66794	lactate fermentation	25	1 of 4
66794	catecholamine biosynthesis	25	1 of 4
66794	vitamin E metabolism	25	1 of 4

API coryne

API zym

API biotype100

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence X80606 (>99% sequence identity) for Nocardia from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	84
Soil Samples	198
Animal Samples	206
Plant Samples	54
Total Samples	542

Risk assessment

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	49867_H01 assembly for Nocardia asteroides NCTC11293	complete	GCA_900637185	1824.7	8046231062	1824	97.57
67770	ASM586325v1 assembly for Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531 ATCC 19247	contig	GCA_005863255	1110697.7	8117356268	1110697	74.55
67770	IMG-taxon 2693429866 annotated assembly for Nocardia asteroides DSM 43373	contig	GCA_900114685	1824.9	2693429866	1824	72.93
67770	ASM30835v2 assembly for Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531	contig	GCA_000308355	1110697.4	2563367075	1110697	70.23

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
20218	Nocardia asteroides strain ATCC 19247 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AY505492	500		1110697
20218	Nocardia asteroides strain ATCC 19247 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AY756541	606		1110697
20218	Nocardia asteroides strain ATCC 19247 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	DQ659898	1434		1110697
20218	Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	GQ376161	1439		1110697
20218	Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531 strain ATCC 19247 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	JN041459	462		1110697
20218	Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531 isolate PCH16S-001 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	JN562377	822		1110697
20218	N.asteroides 16S rRNA gene (ATCC 19247T)	X84850	1412		1110697
20218	N.asteroides gene for 16S ribosomal RNA	Z36934	1472		1824
20218	Nocardia asteroides strain DSM 43757 note copy 1 rrnB operon, partial sequence; and 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer, complete sequence	AF536393	321		1110697
20218	Nocardia asteroides strain DSM 43757 note copy 2 rrnA operon, partial sequence; and 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer, complete sequence	AF536394	323		1110697
20218	Nocardia asteroides strain DSM 43757 note copy 3 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer, complete sequence	AF536395	330		1110697
20218	Nocardia asteroides 16S rRNA gene, strain DSM43757T	X80606	1471		1110697
11179	Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531 strain DSM 43757 16S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence	AF430019	1492		1110697

GC content

Predictions

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Identification of a mycobacterial hydrazidase, an isoniazid-hydrolyzing enzyme.	Sakiyama A, Saren C, Kaneko Y, Oinuma KI.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-023-35213-5	2023
	Comparison of three phenotypic and deoxyribonucleic acid extraction methods for isolation and Identification of Nocardia spp.	Faghri J, Bourbour S, Moghim S, Meidani M, Safaei HG, Hosseini N, Esfahani BN, Fazeli H, Sedighi M.	Adv Biomed Res	10.4103/2277-9175.137839	2014
Metabolism	Effects of Halide Ions on the Carbamidocyclophane Biosynthesis in Nostoc sp. CAVN2.	Preisitsch M, Heiden SE, Beerbaum M, Niedermeyer TH, Schneefeld M, Herrmann J, Kumpfmuller J, Thurmer A, Neidhardt I, Wiesner C, Daniel R, Muller R, Bange FC, Schmieder P, Schweder T, Mundt S.	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md14010021	2016
	Brain Abscess Caused by Nocardia asteroides in a Diabetic Patient: A Rare Case Report.	Rahdar HA, Heidari H, Karami-Zarandi M, Soori T, Asadollahi P, Kazemian H.	Yale J Biol Med		2022
	Prosthetic joint infection caused by an imipenem-resistant Mycobacterium senegalense.	Dos Santos LS, de Oliveira Sant'Anna L, Theodoro R, Dos Santos NNC, Armond BKL, Seabra LF, Alvim LB, Araujo MRB.	Braz J Microbiol	10.1007/s42770-023-00960-0	2023
	Development of a SYBR Green Multiplex Real Time PCR for Simultaneous Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nocardia Asteroides in Respiratory Samples.	Alizadeh SA, Javadi A, Mardaneh J, Nasirian N, Alizadeh S, Mohammadbeigi M, Heidarzadeh S.	Ethiop J Health Sci	10.4314/ejhs.v31i2.6	2021
	Current diagnostic tools and management modalities of Nocardia keratitis.	Soleimani M, Masoumi A, Khodavaisy S, Heidari M, Haydar AA, Izadi A.	J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect	10.1186/s12348-020-00228-w	2020
Phylogeny	Molecular identification and antibiotic resistance pattern of actinomycetes isolates among immunocompromised patients in Iran, emerging of new infections.	Rahdar HA, Mahmoudi S, Bahador A, Ghiasvand F, Sadeghpour Heravi F, Feizabadi MM.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-021-90269-5	2021
	Evaluating the Contribution of Nocardia spp. and Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Pulmonary Infections among HIV and Non-HIV Patients at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana.	Sakyi SA, Danquah KO, Ephraim RD, Enimil A, Frimpong V, Ahenkorah Fondjo L, Darkoh EL.	Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol	10.1155/2018/2910198	2018
Phylogeny	The Complexities of Nocardia Taxonomy and Identification.	Conville PS, Brown-Elliott BA, Smith T, Zelazny AM.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01419-17	2018
	Identification of Streptomyces spp. in a Clinical Sample: Always Contamination? Results of a French Retrospective Study.	Gras E, Bergeron E, Puges M, Ducours M, Leleux C, Amoureux L, Jean B, Bendjelloul I, Camelena F, Chenouard R, Mahieu R, Lemenand O, Toro A, Lecoustumier A, Lortholary O, Rodriguez Nava V, Lebeaux D, French Streptomyces Study Group.	Open Forum Infect Dis	10.1093/ofid/ofac271	2022
Phylogeny	MLSA phylogeny and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical Nocardia isolates: a multicenter retrospective study in China.	Wei M, Xu X, Yang J, Wang P, Liu Y, Wang S, Yang C, Gu L.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/s12866-021-02412-x	2021
	Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of the Nocardia Species in China, 2009 to 2021.	Wang H, Zhu Y, Cui Q, Wu W, Li G, Chen D, Xiang L, Qu J, Shi D, Lu B.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.01560-21	2022
	Nocardia co-infection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.	Ekrami A, Khosravi AD, Samarbaf Zadeh AR, Hashemzadeh M, Hashemzadeh M.	Jundishapur J Microbiol	10.5812/jjm.12495	2014
Pathogenicity	Differential activity of innate defense antimicrobial peptides against Nocardia species.	Rieg S, Meier B, Fahnrich E, Huth A, Wagner D, Kern WV, Kalbacher H.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/1471-2180-10-61	2010
	Differential binding of Nocardia asteroides in the murine lung and brain suggests multiple ligands on the nocardial surface.	Beaman BL.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.64.11.4859-4862.1996	1996
Enzymology	Detection of a mixed infection in a culture-negative brain abscess by broad-spectrum bacterial 16S rRNA gene PCR.	Keller PM, Rampini SK, Bloemberg GV.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01922-09	2010
	Filament tip-associated antigens involved in adherence to and invasion of murine pulmonary epithelial cells in vivo and HeLa cells in vitro by Nocardia asteroides.	Beaman BL, Beaman L.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.66.10.4676-4689.1998	1998
Enzymology	Development of a novel PCR restriction analysis of the hsp65 gene as a rapid method to screen for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria in high-burden countries.	Varma-Basil M, Garima K, Pathak R, Dwivedi SK, Narang A, Bhatnagar A, Bose M.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.03067-12	2013
Phylogeny	Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and profiling of Nocardia species and other aerobic actinomycetes from South Africa: comparative evaluation of broth microdilution versus the Etest.	Lowman W, Aithma N.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01073-10	2010
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of new quinolones and oxazolidinones against Actinomadura madurae.	Vera-Cabrera L, Ochoa-Felix EY, Gonzalez G, Tijerina R, Choi SH, Welsh O.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.48.3.1037-1039.2004	2004
Phylogeny	Clinical and laboratory features of the Nocardia spp. based on current molecular taxonomy.	Brown-Elliott BA, Brown JM, Conville PS, Wallace RJ.	Clin Microbiol Rev	10.1128/cmr.19.2.259-282.2006	2006
Enzymology	Rapid identification of clinically relevant Nocardia species to genus level by 16S rRNA gene PCR.	Laurent FJ, Provost F, Boiron P.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.37.1.99-102.1999	1999
Enzymology	Opacification of Middlebrook agar as an aid in identification of Nocardia farcinica.	Flores M, Desmond E.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.31.11.3040-3041.1993	1993
Pathogenicity	Cefotaxime-resistant Nocardia asteroides strains are isolates of the controversial species Nocardia farcinica.	Wallace RJ, Tsukamura M, Brown BA, Brown J, Steingrube VA, Zhang YS, Nash DR.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.28.12.2726-2732.1990	1990
	Disseminated Nocardia otitidiscaviarum in a patient with AIDS.	Sandre RM, Summerbell RC.	Can J Infect Dis	10.1155/1997/305246	1997
Pathogenicity	Clinical and laboratory features of Nocardia nova.	Wallace RJ, Brown BA, Tsukamura M, Brown JM, Onyi GO.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.29.11.2407-2411.1991	1991
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial susceptibility among clinical Nocardia species identified by multilocus sequence analysis.	McTaggart LR, Doucet J, Witkowska M, Richardson SE.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.02770-14	2015
	Evaluation of the analytical performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay.	Blakemore R, Story E, Helb D, Kop J, Banada P, Owens MR, Chakravorty S, Jones M, Alland D.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.00128-10	2010
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Nocardia asteroides.	Wallace RJ, Steele LC, Sumter G, Smith JM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.32.12.1776	1988
Pathogenicity	Comparison of agar dilution, broth microdilution, disk diffusion, E-test, and BACTEC radiometric methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of the Nocardia asteroides complex.	Ambaye A, Kohner PC, Wollan PC, Roberts KL, Roberts GD, Cockerill FR.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.35.4.847-852.1997	1997
Phylogeny	Novel method for rapid identification of Nocardia species by detection of preformed enzymes.	Biehle JR, Cavalieri SJ, Felland T, Zimmer BL.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.34.1.103-107.1996	1996
	Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships.	Beaman BL, Beaman L.	Clin Microbiol Rev	10.1128/cmr.7.2.213	1994
	DNA probes for the identification of Nocardia asteroides.	Brownell GH, Belcher KE.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.28.9.2082-2086.1990	1990
Enzymology	A Rhodococcus qsdA-encoded enzyme defines a novel class of large-spectrum quorum-quenching lactonases.	Uroz S, Oger PM, Chapelle E, Adeline MT, Faure D, Dessaux Y.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02014-07	2008
Enzymology	A rapid and gentle method for isolation of genomic DNA from pathogenic Nocardia spp.	Torres RD, Oletta CA, Zlotnik H.	Clin Diagn Lab Immunol	10.1128/cdli.3.5.601-604.1996	1996
Phylogeny	Identification of nocardia species by restriction endonuclease analysis of an amplified portion of the 16S rRNA gene.	Conville PS, Fischer SH, Cartwright CP, Witebsky FG.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.38.1.158-164.2000	2000
Phylogeny	High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of mycolic acids as an aid in laboratory identification of Rhodococcus and Nocardia species.	Butler WR, Kilburn JO, Kubica GP.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.25.11.2126-2131.1987	1987
Metabolism	Value of the O-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside test to differentiate among the aerobic actinomycetes.	Flores M, Ford EG, Janda JM.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.28.9.2142-2144.1990	1990
Metabolism	Isolation of Terrabacter sp. strain DDE-1, which metabolizes 1, 1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene when induced with biphenyl.	Aislabie J, Davison AD, Boul HL, Franzmann PD, Jardine DR, Karuso P.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.65.12.5607-5611.1999	1999
Enzymology	Localization of propionibacterium acnes in granulomas supports a possible etiologic link between sarcoidosis and the bacterium.	Negi M, Takemura T, Guzman J, Uchida K, Furukawa A, Suzuki Y, Iida T, Ishige I, Minami J, Yamada T, Kawachi H, Costabel U, Eishi Y.	Mod Pathol	10.1038/modpathol.2012.80	2012
Enzymology	Use of a siderophore detection medium, ethylene glycol degradation, and beta-galactosidase activity in the early presumptive differentiation of Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces, and rapidly growing Mycobacterium species.	Fiss E, Brooks GF.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.29.7.1533-1535.1991	1991
Phylogeny	Evaluation of API Coryne system for identifying coryneform bacteria.	Soto A, Zapardiel J, Soriano F.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.47.8.756	1994
Metabolism	Synthesis of imidazol-2-yl amino acids by using cells from alkane-oxidizing bacteria.	Mikolasch A, Hammer E, Schauer F.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.69.3.1670-1679.2003	2003
Enzymology	Use of the BioMerieux ID 32C yeast identification system for identification of aerobic actinomycetes of medical importance.	Muir DB, Pritchard RC.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.35.12.3240-3243.1997	1997
Phylogeny	Recognition of a Nocardia transvalensis complex by resistance to aminoglycosides, including amikacin, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.	Wilson RW, Steingrube VA, Brown BA, Blacklock Z, Jost KC, McNabb A, Colby WD, Biehle JR, Gibson JL, Wallace RJ.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.35.9.2235-2242.1997	1997
	Rapid method for the detection and identification of mycolic acids in aerobic actinomycetes and related bacteria.	Hecht ST, Causey WA.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.4.3.284-287.1976	1976
Enzymology	Use of PCR and reverse line blot hybridization macroarray based on 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer sequences for rapid identification of 34 mycobacterium species.	Xiong L, Kong F, Yang Y, Cheng J, Gilbert GL.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.00633-06	2006
	Rapid detection of Mycobacterium avium in stool samples from AIDS patients by immunomagnetic PCR.	Li Z, Bai GH, von Reyn CF, Marino P, Brennan MJ, Gine N, Morris SL.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.34.8.1903-1907.1996	1996
	Comparative studies of antigen 21 in Mycobacterium and Nocardia species: possible taxonomic relationships with Mycobacterium leprae.	Wideback K, Kronvall G, Bjorvatn B, Closs O, Harboe M.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.30.2.413-420.1980	1980
Metabolism	Influence of inorganic nitrogen management regime on the diversity of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in agricultural grassland soils.	Freitag TE, Chang L, Clegg CD, Prosser JI.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.71.12.8323-8334.2005	2005
Enzymology	Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by PCR amplification with pan-Mycobacterium primers and hybridization to an M. tuberculosis-specific probe.	Tevere VJ, Hewitt PL, Dare A, Hocknell P, Keen A, Spadoro JP, Young KK.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.34.4.918-923.1996	1996
	Characterization and taxonomic implications of the rRNA genes of Mycobacterium leprae.	Sela S, Clark-Curtiss JE, Bercovier H.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.171.1.70-73.1989	1989
Phylogeny	Impact of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for identification of bacteria on clinical microbiology and infectious diseases.	Clarridge JE.	Clin Microbiol Rev	10.1128/cmr.17.4.840-862.2004	2004
Phylogeny	Serological studies of Actinomyces israelii by crossed immunoelectrophoresis: taxonomic and diagnostic applications.	Holmberg K, Nord CE, Wadstrom T.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.12.2.398-403.1975	1975
Phylogeny	Laboratory identification of clinically important aerobic actinomycetes.	Berd D.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.25.4.665-681.1973	1973
	Mycobacterium tuberculosis efpA encodes an efflux protein of the QacA transporter family.	Doran JL, Pang Y, Mdluli KE, Moran AJ, Victor TC, Stokes RW, Mahenthiralingam E, Kreiswirth BN, Butt JL, Baron GS, Treit JD, Kerr VJ, Van Helden PD, Roberts MC, Nano FE.	Clin Diagn Lab Immunol	10.1128/cdli.4.1.23-32.1997	1997
Enzymology	Identification of Actinomyces, Arachnia, Bacterionema, Rothia, and Propionibacterium species by defined immunofluorescence.	Holmberg K, Forsum U.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.25.5.834-843.1973	1973
	A picture speaks a thousand words.	Ruef C.	Infection	10.1007/s15010-008-3108-4	2008
Metabolism	Denitrification by actinomycetes and purification of dissimilatory nitrite reductase and azurin from Streptomyces thioluteus.	Shoun H, Kano M, Baba I, Takaya N, Matsuo M.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.180.17.4413-4415.1998	1998
Phylogeny	Distribution and phylogenetic analysis of family 19 chitinases in Actinobacteria.	Kawase T, Saito A, Sato T, Kanai R, Fujii T, Nikaidou N, Miyashita K, Watanabe T.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.70.2.1135-1144.2004	2004
	The gene encoding a new mitogenic factor in a Streptococcus pyogenes strain is distributed only in group A streptococci.	Yutsudo T, Okumura K, Iwasaki M, Hara A, Kamitani S, Minamide W, Igarashi H, Hinuma Y.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.62.9.4000-4004.1994	1994
	Critical Role of Zur and SmtB in Zinc Homeostasis of Mycobacterium smegmatis.	Goethe E, Laarmann K, Luhrs J, Jarek M, Meens J, Lewin A, Goethe R.	mSystems	10.1128/msystems.00880-19	2020
	Use of microwaves for acid and alcohol fast staining.	Hafiz S, Spencer RC, Lee M, Gooch H, Duerden BI.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.38.9.1073	1985
	A novel real-time PCR assay for specific detection of Brucella melitensis.	Kaden R, Ferrari S, Alm E, Wahab T.	BMC Infect Dis	10.1186/s12879-017-2327-7	2017
Genetics	Complete genome of the opportunistic pathogen Nocardia vulneris strain LPB4002 and its biosynthetic potential.	Gonzalez-Nava J, Salinas-Virgen LI, Sandoval-Trujillo H, Torre-Hernandez MEdl, Ramirez-Saad H.	Microbiol Resour Announc	10.1128/mra.00840-24	2024
	Heterologous Expression and Biochemical Characterization of a New alpha-Amylase from Nocardiopsis aegyptia HDN19-252 of Antarctic Animal Origin.	Liu F, Zheng X, Liao W, Ren X, Ma C, Zhang G, Che Q, Zhu T, Wang W, Zhang T, Han F, Li D.	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md23040159	2025
	Discovery and Characterization of the Fully Decorated Nocardiosis-Associated Polyketide Natural Product.	Kishore S, Del Rio Flores A, Lynch SR, Yuet KP, Khosla C.	J Am Chem Soc	10.1021/jacs.3c13670	2024
	Nocardiopsis synnemataformans NBRM9, an extremophilic actinomycete producing extremozyme cellulase, using lignocellulosic agro-wastes and its biotechnological applications.	El-Sayed MH, Elsayed DA, Gomaa AEF.	AIMS Microbiol	10.3934/microbiol.2024010	2024
	Production, isolation and biological activity of nargenicin from Nocardia sp. CS682.	Sohng JK, Yamaguchi T, Seong CN, Baik KS, Park SC, Lee HJ, Jang SY, Simkhada JR, Yoo JC.	Arch Pharm Res	10.1007/s12272-001-2115-0	2008
	Function-Oriented Graphene Quantum Dots Probe for Single Cell in situ Sorting of Active Microorganisms in Environmental Samples.	Luo Y, Liu F, Song J, Luo Q, Yang Y, Mei C, Xu M, Liao B.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2021.659111	2021
	Alone Yet Not Alone: Frankia Lives Under the Same Roof With Other Bacteria in Actinorhizal Nodules.	Ghodhbane-Gtari F, D'Angelo T, Gueddou A, Ghazouani S, Gtari M, Tisa LS.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2021.749760	2021
Enzymology	Identification of Trueperella pyogenes isolated from bovine mastitis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.	Nagib S, Rau J, Sammra O, Lammler C, Schlez K, Zschock M, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Klein G, Abdulmawjood A.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0104654	2014
Metabolism	Microbial biotransformation of veratramine.	el Sayed KA.	J Nat Prod	10.1021/np9703611	1998
Phylogeny	Assignment of reference 5'-end 16S rDNA sequences and species-specific sequence polymorphisms improves species identification of Nocardia.	Kong F, Chen SC, Chen X, Sintchenko V, Halliday C, Cai L, Tong Z, Lee OC, Sorrell TC.	Open Microbiol J	10.2174/1874285800903010097	2009
Metabolism	New aspects of co-regulation of decarboxylation and demethylation activities in Nocardia.	Malarczyk E, Kochmanska-Rdest J.	Acta Biochim Pol		1990
Genetics	Inteins as indicators of gene flow in the halobacteria.	Soucy SM, Fullmer MS, Papke RT, Gogarten JP.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2014.00299	2014
Enzymology	Quantitative use of fluorescent in situ hybridization to examine relationships between mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes and foaming in activated sludge plants.	Davenport RJ, Curtis TP, Goodfellow M, Stainsby FM, Bingley M.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.66.3.1158-1166.2000	2000
Enzymology	Purification and characterization of the nocardial acetylesterase involved in 2-butanone degradation.	Eubanks EF, Forney FW, Larson AD.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.120.3.1133-1143.1974	1974
Metabolism	Evaluation of peptide nucleic acid probe-based real-time PCR for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria in respiratory specimens.	Choi YJ, Kim HJ, Shin HB, Nam HS, Lee SH, Park JS, Park KS, Baek KA.	Ann Lab Med	10.3343/alm.2012.32.4.257	2012
Metabolism	Inactivation of rifampin by Nocardia brasiliensis.	Yazawa K, Mikami Y, Maeda A, Akao M, Morisaki N, Iwasaki S.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.37.6.1313	1993
Genetics	Genome Sequences of Three Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Strains and One Nocardia asteroides Strain.	Vautrin F, Bergeron E, Dubost A, Abrouk D, Martin C, Cournoyer B, Louzier V, Winiarski T, Rodriguez-Nava V, Pujic P	Microbiol Resour Announc	10.1128/MRA.00600-19	2019
Phylogeny	Genome based analysis of type-I polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters in seven strains of five representative Nocardia species.	Komaki H, Ichikawa N, Hosoyama A, Takahashi-Nakaguchi A, Matsuzawa T, Suzuki K, Fujita N, Gonoi T	BMC Genomics	10.1186/1471-2164-15-323	2014
Pathogenicity	Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, an emerging pathogen in the United States.	Schlaberg R, Huard RC, Della-Latta P	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/JCM.00937-07	2007
Genetics	Contribution of rpoB2 RNA polymerase beta subunit gene to rifampin resistance in Nocardia species.	Ishikawa J, Chiba K, Kurita H, Satoh H	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/AAC.50.4.1342-1346.2006	2006
Cultivation	Evaluation of E test, disk diffusion and broth microdilution to establish tentative quality control limits and review susceptibility breakpoints for two aerobic actinomycetes.	Tomlin P, Sand C, Rennie RP	Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis	10.1016/s0732-8893(01)00273-5	2001
Phylogeny	Nocardia salmonicida nom. rev., a fish pathogen.	Isik K, Chun J, Hah YC, Goodfellow M	Int J Syst Bacteriol	10.1099/00207713-49-2-833	1999
Phylogeny	Ribotyping: a tool for taxonomy and identification of the Nocardia asteroides complex species.	Laurent F, Carlotti A, Boiron P, Villard J, Freney J	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.34.5.1079-1082.1996	1996
Phylogeny	Immunodiffusion studies of some Nocardia strains.	Ridell M	J Gen Microbiol	10.1099/00221287-123-1-69	1981
	Immunogenicity of methyl esters of nocardomycolic acids.	Mordarska H	Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)		1978
	Pseudonocardia pini sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from roots of the pine tree Callitris preissii.	Kaewkla O, Franco CMM.	Arch Microbiol	10.1007/s00203-021-02309-3	2021
Phylogeny	Nocardioides lianchengensis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil.	Zhang J, Ma Y, Yu H.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.036723-0	2012
Phylogeny	Pseudonocardia ailaonensis sp. nov., isolated from soil in China.	Qin S, Su YY, Zhang YQ, Wang HB, Jiang CL, Xu LH, Li WJ.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.65721-0	2008
Phylogeny	Description of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans sp. nov., elevation of Nocardiopsis alba subsp. prasina to Nocardiopsis prasina comb. nov., and designation of Nocardiopsis antarctica and Nocardiopsis alborubida as later subjective synonyms of Nocardiopsis dassonvillei.	Yassin AF, Rainey FA, Burghardt J, Gierth D, Ungerechts J, Lux I, Seifert P, Bal C, Schaal KP.	Int J Syst Bacteriol	10.1099/00207713-47-4-983	1997
Phylogeny	Nocardia kruczakiae sp. nov., a pathogen in immunocompromised patients and a member of the "N. nova complex".	Conville PS, Brown JM, Steigerwalt AG, Lee JW, Anderson VL, Fishbain JT, Holland SM, Witebsky FG.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.42.11.5139-5145.2004	2004
Phylogeny	Isolation of toxigenic Nocardiopsis strains from indoor environments and description of two new Nocardiopsis Species, N. exhalans sp. nov. and N. umidischolae sp. nov.	Peltola JS, Andersson MA, Kampfer P, Auling G, Kroppenstedt RM, Busse HJ, Salkinoja-Salonen MS, Rainey FA.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.67.9.4293-4304.2001	2001
Phylogeny	Nocardia rhizosphaerihabitans sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from a coastal soil.	Ding P, Bai JL, Wang TT, Sun Y, Cao CL, Jiang JH, Qin S	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.002481	2017
Phylogeny	Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the coastal rhizosphere of Artemisia Linn., China.	Wang Y, Liu W, Feng WW, Zhou XQ, Bai JL, Yuan B, Ju XY, Cao CL, Huang Y, Jiang JH, Lv AJ, Qin S	Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek	10.1007/s10482-015-0460-0	2015
Phylogeny	Nocardia caishijiensis sp. nov., a novel soil actinomycete.	Zhang J, Liu Z, Goodfellow M	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.02397-0	2003
Phylogeny	Nocardia abscessus sp. nov.	Yassin AF, Rainey FA, Mendrock U, Brzezinka H, Schaal KP	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/00207713-50-4-1487	2000
Phylogeny	Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis sp. nov., a new species of Nocardia which groups bacterial strains previously identified as Nocardia brasiliensis and associated with invasive diseases.	Ruimy R, Riegel P, Carlotti A, Boiron P, Bernardin G, Monteil H, Wallace RJ Jr, Christen R	Int J Syst Bacteriol	10.1099/00207713-46-1-259	1996