Saccharopolyspora spinosa (DSM 44228, ATCC 49460, NRRL 18395)

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Multicellular morphology

Multimedia

• @ref:	11612
  multimedia content:	DSM_44228.jpg
  multimedia.multimedia content:	https://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/photos/DSM_44228.jpg
  caption:	Medium 65 28°C
  intellectual property rights:	© Leibniz-Institut DSMZ
  manual_annotation:	1

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Medium link	Composition
11612	GPHF-MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 553)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: GPHF-MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 553) Composition: Agar 20.0 g/l Glucose 10.0 g/l Beef extract 5.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l Casein peptone 5.0 g/l CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.74 g/l Distilled water
11612	GYM STREPTOMYCES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 65)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: GYM STREPTOMYCES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 65) Composition: Agar 18.0 g/l Malt extract 10.0 g/l Yeast extract 4.0 g/l Glucose 4.0 g/l CaCO3 2.0 g/l Distilled water
20023	ISP 2			Name: ISP 2 / Yeast Malt Agar (5265); 5265 Composition Malt extract 10.0 g/l Yeast extract 4.0 g/l Glucose 4.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Preparation: Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.0 Usage: Maintenance and Taxonomy Organisms: All Actinomycetes
20023	ISP 3			Name: ISP 3; 5315 Composition Dog oat flakes 20.0 g/l Trace element solution (5314) 2.5 ml/l Agar 18.0 g/l Preparation: Oat flakes are cooked for 20 minutes, trace element solution and agar are added (in the case of non rolled oat flakes the suspension has to bee filtrated). Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.8 Usage: Maintenance and taxonomy (e.g. SEM As liquid medium for metabolite production) Organisms: All Actinomycetes Trace element solution 5314 Name: Trace element solution 5314; 5314 Composition CaCl2 x H2O 3.0 g/l Fe-III-citrate 1.0 g/l MnSO4 0.2 g/l ZnCl2 0.1 g/l CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.025 g/l Sodium tetra borate 0.2 g/l CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.004 g/l Sodium molybdate 0.01 g/l Preparation: Use double destillated water. Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: Usage: Trace element solution for different media Organisms:
20023	ISP 4			Name: ISP 4; DSM 547 Solution I: Difco soluble starch, 10.0 g. Make a paste of the starch with a small amount of cold distilled water and bring to a volume of 500 ml. Solution II: CaCO3 2.0 g K2HPO4 (anhydrous) 1.0 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 1.0 g NaCl 1.0 g (NH4)2SO4 2.0 g Distilled water 500.0 ml Trace salt solution (see below) 1.0 ml The pH should be between 7.0 and 7.4. Do not adjust if it is within this range. Mix solutions I and II together. Add 20.0 g agar. Liquify agar by steaming at 100°C for 10 to 20 min. Trace element solution: FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.1 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.1 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.1 g Distilled water 100.0 ml
20023	ISP 5			Name: ISP 5 (5323) Composition L-Asparagine 1.0 g/l Glycerol 10.0 g/l K2HPO4 1.0 g/l Salt solution (see preparation) 1.0 ml/l Agar 20.0 g/l Preparation: Salt solution 1.0 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 1.0 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 1.0 g ZNSO4 x 7 H2O in 100 ml water Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.2 Usage: Maintenance and taxonomy Organisms: All Actinomycetes
20023	ISP 6			Name: ISP 6 (5318) Composition Peptone 15.0 g/l Proteose peptose 5.0 g/l Ferric ammonium citrate 0.5 g/l Sodium glycerophosphate 1.0 g/l Sodium thiosulfate 0.08 g/l Yeast extract 1.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: Usage: Production of melanoid pigments Organisms: All Actinomycetes
20023	ISP 7			Name: ISP 7 (5322) Composition Glycerol 15.0 g/l L-Tyrosine 0.5 g/l L-Asparagine 1.0 g/l K2HPO4 0.5 g/l NaCl 0.5 g/l FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.01 g/l Trace element solution 5343 1.0 ml/l Agar 20.0 Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.3 Usage: Production of melanoid pigments Organisms: All Actinomycetes
11612	TRYPTICASE SOY BROTH AGAR (DSMZ Medium 535)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: TRYPTICASE SOY BROTH AGAR (DSMZ Medium 535) Composition: Trypticase soy broth 30.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Distilled water

Culture temp

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Halophily

Observation

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity
20023	22599 ChEBI	arabinose	-
68368	29016 ChEBI	arginine	+	from API 20E
20023	62968 ChEBI	cellulose	-
68368	16947 ChEBI	citrate	+	from API 20E
20023	28757 ChEBI	fructose	-
68368	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	+	from API 20E
20023	17234 ChEBI	glucose	-
68368	25094 ChEBI	lysine	-	from API 20E
20023	29864 ChEBI	mannitol	-
20023	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-
68368	18257 ChEBI	ornithine	+	from API 20E
20023	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-
20023	26546 ChEBI	rhamnose	-
20023	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-
68368	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	from API 20E
68368	16199 ChEBI	urea	+	from API 20E
20023	18222 ChEBI	xylose	-

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
68368	15688 ChEBI	acetoin		from API 20E
68368	16136 ChEBI	hydrogen sulfide		from API 20E
68368	35581 ChEBI	indole		from API 20E
67770	39207 ChEBI	spinosyn

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test
68368	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	+	from API 20E
68368	35581 ChEBI	indole		from API 20E

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
68382	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68368	arginine dihydrolase	+	3.5.3.6	from API 20E
68382	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API zym
68368	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API 20E
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
68382	cystine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	-		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
68368	gelatinase	+		from API 20E
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
68368	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18	from API 20E
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
68368	ornithine decarboxylase	+	4.1.1.17	from API 20E
68382	trypsin	+	3.4.21.4	from API zym
68368	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1	from API 20E
68368	urease	+	3.5.1.5	from API 20E
68382	valine arylamidase	+		from API zym

Pathway annotation

Computationally determined by

@ref	pathway	enzyme coverage	annotated reactions	external links
66794	phenylacetate degradation (aerobic)	100	5 of 5
66794	adipate degradation	100	2 of 2
66794	valine metabolism	100	9 of 9
66794	Entner Doudoroff pathway	100	10 of 10
66794	aspartate and asparagine metabolism	100	9 of 9
66794	CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis	100	3 of 3
66794	methylglyoxal degradation	100	5 of 5
66794	daunorubicin biosynthesis	100	9 of 9
66794	cardiolipin biosynthesis	100	7 of 7
66794	ketogluconate metabolism	100	8 of 8
66794	coenzyme A metabolism	100	4 of 4
66794	biotin biosynthesis	100	4 of 4
66794	chorismate metabolism	100	9 of 9
66794	L-lactaldehyde degradation	100	3 of 3
66794	propanol degradation	100	7 of 7
66794	glycine betaine biosynthesis	100	5 of 5
66794	ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway	100	5 of 5
66794	aminopropanol phosphate biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	formaldehyde oxidation	100	3 of 3
66794	cis-vaccenate biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	ppGpp biosynthesis	100	4 of 4
66794	butanoate fermentation	100	4 of 4
66794	threonine metabolism	100	10 of 10
66794	ethanol fermentation	100	2 of 2
66794	acetate fermentation	100	4 of 4
66794	allantoin degradation	100	9 of 9
66794	anapleurotic synthesis of oxalacetate	100	1 of 1
66794	folate polyglutamylation	100	1 of 1
66794	enterobactin biosynthesis	100	3 of 3
66794	taurine degradation	100	1 of 1
66794	suberin monomers biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	palmitate biosynthesis	100	22 of 22
66794	vitamin K metabolism	100	5 of 5
66794	dTDPLrhamnose biosynthesis	100	8 of 8
66794	citric acid cycle	92.86	13 of 14
66794	leucine metabolism	92.31	12 of 13
66794	phenylalanine metabolism	92.31	12 of 13
66794	proline metabolism	90.91	10 of 11
66794	pentose phosphate pathway	90.91	10 of 11
66794	propionate fermentation	90	9 of 10
66794	4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation	90	9 of 10
66794	glutamate and glutamine metabolism	89.29	25 of 28
66794	4-hydroxymandelate degradation	88.89	8 of 9
66794	NAD metabolism	88.89	16 of 18
66794	molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis	88.89	8 of 9
66794	serine metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	CO2 fixation in Crenarchaeota	88.89	8 of 9
66794	glycolysis	88.24	15 of 17
66794	isoleucine metabolism	87.5	7 of 8
66794	flavin biosynthesis	86.67	13 of 15
66794	pyrimidine metabolism	86.67	39 of 45
66794	aclacinomycin biosynthesis	85.71	6 of 7
66794	heme metabolism	85.71	12 of 14
66794	reductive acetyl coenzyme A pathway	85.71	6 of 7
66794	glutathione metabolism	85.71	12 of 14
66794	vitamin B1 metabolism	84.62	11 of 13
66794	purine metabolism	84.04	79 of 94
66794	degradation of sugar acids	84	21 of 25
66794	glycolate and glyoxylate degradation	83.33	5 of 6
66794	methionine metabolism	80.77	21 of 26
66794	3-chlorocatechol degradation	80	4 of 5
66794	gallate degradation	80	4 of 5
66794	factor 420 biosynthesis	80	4 of 5
66794	peptidoglycan biosynthesis	80	12 of 15
66794	glycogen metabolism	80	4 of 5
66794	alanine metabolism	79.31	23 of 29
66794	tryptophan metabolism	78.95	30 of 38
66794	tyrosine metabolism	78.57	11 of 14
66794	photosynthesis	78.57	11 of 14
66794	d-mannose degradation	77.78	7 of 9
66794	urea cycle	76.92	10 of 13
66794	vitamin B12 metabolism	76.47	26 of 34
66794	toluene degradation	75	3 of 4
66794	glycogen biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	gluconeogenesis	75	6 of 8
66794	sulfopterin metabolism	75	3 of 4
66794	6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis	75	6 of 8
66794	cyclohexanol degradation	75	3 of 4
66794	lipid metabolism	74.19	23 of 31
66794	histidine metabolism	72.41	21 of 29
66794	tetrahydrofolate metabolism	71.43	10 of 14
66794	ubiquinone biosynthesis	71.43	5 of 7
66794	degradation of pentoses	71.43	20 of 28
66794	non-pathway related	71.05	27 of 38
66794	coenzyme M biosynthesis	70	7 of 10
66794	myo-inositol biosynthesis	70	7 of 10
66794	phenol degradation	70	14 of 20
66794	isoprenoid biosynthesis	69.23	18 of 26
66794	degradation of sugar alcohols	68.75	11 of 16
66794	ascorbate metabolism	68.18	15 of 22
66794	oxidative phosphorylation	67.03	61 of 91
66794	acetyl CoA biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	(5R)-carbapenem carboxylate biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	cyanate degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	degradation of hexoses	66.67	12 of 18
66794	methane metabolism	66.67	2 of 3
66794	octane oxidation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	selenocysteine biosynthesis	66.67	4 of 6
66794	lysine metabolism	66.67	28 of 42
66794	IAA biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	arginine metabolism	66.67	16 of 24
66794	cysteine metabolism	66.67	12 of 18
66794	acetoin degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	polyamine pathway	65.22	15 of 23
66794	metabolism of disaccharids	63.64	7 of 11
66794	C4 and CAM-carbon fixation	62.5	5 of 8
66794	lipoate biosynthesis	60	3 of 5
66794	elloramycin biosynthesis	60	3 of 5
66794	3-phenylpropionate degradation	60	9 of 15
66794	starch degradation	60	6 of 10
66794	carotenoid biosynthesis	59.09	13 of 22
66794	androgen and estrogen metabolism	56.25	9 of 16
66794	sulfate reduction	53.85	7 of 13
66794	phenylpropanoid biosynthesis	53.85	7 of 13
66794	bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway	52.94	9 of 17
66794	ribulose monophosphate pathway	50	1 of 2
66794	glycine metabolism	50	5 of 10
66794	dolichol and dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	mannosylglycerate biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	carnitine metabolism	50	4 of 8
66794	pantothenate biosynthesis	50	3 of 6
66794	phenylmercury acetate degradation	50	1 of 2
66794	vitamin E metabolism	50	2 of 4
66794	kanosamine biosynthesis II	50	1 of 2
66794	quinate degradation	50	1 of 2
66794	degradation of aromatic, nitrogen containing compounds	50	6 of 12
66794	grixazone biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	resorcinol degradation	50	1 of 2
66794	phosphatidylethanolamine bioynthesis	46.15	6 of 13
66794	cholesterol biosynthesis	45.45	5 of 11
66794	lipid A biosynthesis	44.44	4 of 9
66794	nitrate assimilation	44.44	4 of 9
66794	benzoyl-CoA degradation	42.86	3 of 7
66794	creatinine degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	bacilysin biosynthesis	40	2 of 5
66794	arachidonate biosynthesis	40	2 of 5
66794	metabolism of amino sugars and derivatives	40	2 of 5
66794	cellulose degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	hydrogen production	40	2 of 5
66794	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide biosynthesis	36.36	4 of 11
66794	vitamin B6 metabolism	36.36	4 of 11
66794	d-xylose degradation	36.36	4 of 11
66794	methanogenesis from CO2	33.33	4 of 12
66794	sulfoquinovose degradation	33.33	1 of 3
66794	arachidonic acid metabolism	33.33	6 of 18
66794	sphingosine metabolism	33.33	2 of 6
66794	lactate fermentation	25	1 of 4
66794	catecholamine biosynthesis	25	1 of 4
66794	alginate biosynthesis	25	1 of 4
66794	CMP-KDO biosynthesis	25	1 of 4
66794	chlorophyll metabolism	22.22	4 of 18

API 20E

API zym

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence LC149867 (>99% sequence identity) for Saccharopolyspora spinosa from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	47
Soil Samples	641
Animal Samples	206
Plant Samples	147
Total Samples	1041

Risk assessment

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
124043	ASM4920041v1 assembly for Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18395	complete	GCA_049200415	994479	98.8
67770	ASM284647v1 assembly for Saccharopolyspora spinosa DSM 44228	contig	GCA_002846475	60894	78.64
67770	ASM19415v1 assembly for Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18395	scaffold	GCA_000194155	994479	54.56

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
20218	Saccharopolyspora spinosa 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AF002818	1465		994479
67770	Saccharopolyspora spinosa gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 9375	LC149867	1453		60894

GC content

Predictions

Literature

Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
iCASRED, a scarless DNA editing tool in E. coli for high-efficiency engineering of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters.	Zheng G, Xu J, Liu H, Hua H, Zimin AA, Wang W, Lu Y.	Synth Syst Biotechnol	10.1016/j.synbio.2025.03.008	2025
Improvement of the ability to produce spinosad in Saccharopolyspora spinosa through the acquisition of drug resistance and genome shuffling	Wang H, Xue W, He YM, Peng RH, Yao QH.	Ann Microbiol	10.1007/s13213-014-0917-9	2015
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of two Saccharopolyspora spinosa strains reveals the relationships between primary metabolism and spinosad production.	Zhang Y, Liu X, Yin T, Li Q, Zou Q, Huang K, Guo D, Zhang X.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-021-94251-z	2021
Genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction of Saccharopolyspora spinosa for spinosad production improvement.	Wang X, Zhang C, Wang M, Lu W.	Microb Cell Fact	10.1186/1475-2859-13-41	2014
High Level of Spinosad Production in the Heterologous Host Saccharopolyspora erythraea.	Huang J, Yu Z, Li MH, Wang JD, Bai H, Zhou J, Zheng YG.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00618-16	2016
Suitable extracellular oxidoreduction potential inhibit rex regulation and effect central carbon and energy metabolism in Saccharopolyspora spinosa.	Zhang X, Xue C, Zhao F, Li D, Yin J, Zhang C, Caiyin Q, Lu W.	Microb Cell Fact	10.1186/s12934-014-0098-z	2014
Use of direct-infusion electrospray mass spectrometry to guide empirical development of improved conditions for expression of secondary metabolites from actinomycetes.	Zahn JA, Higgs RE, Hilton MD.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.67.1.377-386.2001	2001
Genome and characteristics of Arthrobacter globiformis AZ cluster phage London.	Beyer AR, Hatke Hughes HL, Flowers JS, Bullock J, Daniels DT, Drew M, Lee-Mayes Q, Marshall BM, Remson V, Thomas M.	Microbiol Resour Announc	10.1128/mra.00819-23	2023
Engineering the TetR-family transcriptional regulator XNR_0706 to enhance heterologous spinosad production in Streptomyces albus B4 chassis.	Cui X, Tang H, Wang W, Wei W, Wu J, Ye BC.	Synth Syst Biotechnol	10.1016/j.synbio.2024.08.008	2025
A Novel Pathway for Biosynthesis of the Herbicidal Phosphonate Natural Product Phosphonothrixin Is Widespread in Actinobacteria.	Bown L, Hirota R, Goettge MN, Cui J, Krist DT, Zhu L, Giurgiu C, van der Donk WA, Ju KS, Metcalf WW.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.00485-22	2023
Actinomycetes as Producers of Biologically Active Terpenoids: Current Trends and Patents.	Tarasova EV, Luchnikova NA, Grishko VV, Ivshina IB.	Pharmaceuticals (Basel)	10.3390/ph16060872	2023
A New Medium for Improving Spinosad Production by Saccharopolyspora spinosa.	Guojun Y, Yuping H, Yan J, Kaichun L, Haiyang X.	Jundishapur J Microbiol	10.5812/jjm.16765	2016
Application Potential of Trichoderma in the Degradation of Phenolic Acid-Modified Chitosan.	Swiontek Brzezinska M, Kaczmarek-Szczepanska B, Dabrowska GB, Michalska-Sionkowska M, Dembinska K, Richert A, Pejchalova M, Kumar SB, Kalwasinska A.	Foods	10.3390/foods12193669	2023
Chemical entrapment and killing of insects by bacteria.	Ho LK, Daniel-Ivad M, Jeedigunta SP, Li J, Iliadi KG, Boulianne GL, Hurd TR, Smibert CA, Nodwell JR.	Nat Commun	10.1038/s41467-020-18462-0	2020
Molecular evolution of the members of the Snq2/Pdr18 subfamily of Pdr transporters in the Hemiascomycete yeasts.	Dias PJ.	FEMS Yeast Res	10.1093/femsyr/foaf026	2025
Differential proteomic profiling reveals regulatory proteins and novel links between primary metabolism and spinosad production in Saccharopolyspora spinosa.	Yang Q, Ding X, Liu X, Liu S, Sun Y, Yu Z, Hu S, Rang J, He H, He L, Xia L.	Microb Cell Fact	10.1186/1475-2859-13-27	2014
Distinct Taphrina strains from the phyllosphere of birch exhibiting a range of witches' broom disease symptoms.	Christita M, Sipila TP, Auzane A, Overmyer K.	Environ Microbiol	10.1111/1462-2920.16037	2022
Characterization of a rifampin-inactivating glycosyltransferase from a screen of environmental actinomycetes.	Spanogiannopoulos P, Thaker M, Koteva K, Waglechner N, Wright GD.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.01166-12	2012
Engineering the Erythromycin-Producing Strain Saccharopolyspora erythraea HOE107 for the Heterologous Production of Polyketide Antibiotics.	Lu J, Long Q, Zhao Z, Chen L, He W, Hong J, Liu K, Wang Y, Pang X, Deng Z, Tao M.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2020.593217	2020
Mangrove rare actinobacteria: taxonomy, natural compound, and discovery of bioactivity.	Azman AS, Othman I, Velu SS, Chan KG, Lee LH.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2015.00856	2015
Cloning and analysis of the planosporicin lantibiotic biosynthetic gene cluster of Planomonospora alba.	Sherwood EJ, Hesketh AR, Bibb MJ.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.02291-12	2013
In vitro characterization of the enzymes involved in TDP-D-forosamine biosynthesis in the spinosyn pathway of Saccharopolyspora spinosa.	Hong L, Zhao Z, Melancon CE, Zhang H, Liu HW.	J Am Chem Soc	10.1021/ja0771383	2008
Characterization of the maize lipoxygenase gene family in relation to aflatoxin accumulation resistance.	Ogunola OF, Hawkins LK, Mylroie E, Kolomiets MV, Borrego E, Tang JD, Williams WP, Warburton ML.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0181265	2017
Saccharopolyspora Species: Laboratory Maintenance and Enhanced Production of Secondary Metabolites.	Dhakal D, Pokhrel AR, Jha AK, Thuan NH, Sohng JK	Curr Protoc Microbiol	10.1002/cpmc.21	2017
Characterization of the chromosomal integration of Saccharopolyspora plasmid pCM32 and its application to improve production of spinosyn in Saccharopolyspora spinosa.	Chen J, Xia H, Dang F, Xu Q, Li W, Qin Z	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-015-6871-z	2015
Optimization of Culture Medium for Maximal Production of Spinosad Using an Artificial Neural Network - Genetic Algorithm Modeling.	Lan Z, Zhao C, Guo W, Guan X, Zhang X	J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1159/000381312	2015
Four-stage dissolved oxygen strategy based on multi-scale analysis for improving spinosad yield by Saccharopolyspora spinosa ATCC49460.	Bai Y, Zhou PP, Fan P, Zhu YM, Tong Y, Wang HB, Yu LJ	Microb Biotechnol	10.1111/1751-7915.12264	2015
Switching antibiotics production on and off in actinomycetes by an IclR family transcriptional regulator from Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952.	Chaudhary AK, Singh B, Maharjan S, Jha AK, Kim BG, Sohng JK	J Microbiol Biotechnol	10.4014/jmb.1403.03026	2014
Genome sequence of the Spinosyns-producing bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18395.	Pan Y, Yang X, Li J, Zhang R, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Wang J, Zhu B	J Bacteriol	10.1128/JB.00344-11	2011
Analysis of a 108-kb region of the Saccharopolyspora spinosa genome covering the obscurin polyketide synthase locus.	Zirkle R, Black TA, Gorlach J, Ligon JM, Molnar I	DNA Seq	10.1080/1042517042000208167	2004
Saccharopolyspora hattusasensis sp. nov., isolated from soil.	Veyisoglu A, Saygin H, Tatar D, Bektas KI, Sahin N	Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek	10.1007/s10482-017-0921-8	2017
Saccharopolyspora griseoalba sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the Dead Sea.	Jiang Y, Wei X, Chen X, Jiang Y, Xue Q, Lai H, Jiang C	Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek	10.1007/s10482-016-0763-9	2016
Saccharopolyspora phatthalungensis sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Hevea brasiliensis.	Duangmal K, Mingma R, Thamchaipenet A, Matsumoto A, Takahashi Y	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.018275-0	2009
Saccharopolyspora tripterygii sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the stem of Tripterygium hypoglaucum.	Li J, Zhao GZ, Qin S, Huang HY, Zhu WY, Xu LH, Li WJ	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.011734-0	2009
Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica sp. nov., an actinomycete from soil.	Yuan LJ, Zhang YQ, Guan Y, Wei YZ, Li QP, Yu LY, Li WJ, Zhang YQ	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.65532-0	2008