Strain identifier
BacDive ID: 165774
Type strain: 
Species: Treponema denticola
Strain history: T. Mitsuoka <-- ATCC 33520 <-- R. K. Nauman W.
NCBI tax ID(s): 999428 (strain), 158 (species)
version 8.1 (current version)
General
@ref: 67770
BacDive-ID: 165774
keywords: genome sequence, 16S sequence, Bacteria, anaerobe, mesophilic, Gram-negative
description: Treponema denticola JCM 8225 is an anaerobe, mesophilic, Gram-negative bacterium that was isolated from Human oral cavity.
NCBI tax id
| NCBI tax id | Matching level |
|---|---|
| 158 | species |
| 999428 | strain |
strain history
- @ref: 67770
- history: T. Mitsuoka <-- ATCC 33520 <-- R. K. Nauman W.
doi: 10.13145/bacdive165774.20230509.8.1
Name and taxonomic classification
LPSN
- @ref: 20215
- description: domain/bacteria
- keyword: phylum/spirochaetota
- domain: Bacteria
- phylum: Spirochaetota
- class: Spirochaetia
- order: Spirochaetales
- family: Treponemataceae
- genus: Treponema
- species: Treponema denticola
- full scientific name: Treponema denticola (ex Flügge 1886) Chan et al. 1993
@ref: 67770
domain: Bacteria
phylum: Spirochaetes
class: Spirochaetia
order: Spirochaetales
family: Treponemataceae
genus: Treponema
species: Treponema denticola
full scientific name: Treponema denticola Chan et al. 1993
type strain: no
Morphology
cell morphology
- @ref: 69480
- gram stain: negative
- confidence: 99.735
Culture and growth conditions
culture temp
- @ref: 67770
- growth: positive
- type: growth
- temperature: 37
- range: mesophilic
Physiology and metabolism
oxygen tolerance
- @ref: 69480
- oxygen tolerance: anaerobe
- confidence: 99.205
spore formation
| @ref | spore formation | confidence |
|---|---|---|
| 69480 | no | 99.973 |
| 69481 | no | 100 |
Isolation, sampling and environmental information
isolation
- @ref: 67770
- sample type: Human oral cavity
taxonmaps
- @ref: 69479
- File name: preview.99_1355.png
- url: https://microbeatlas.org/index.html?action=taxon&taxon_id=90_67;96_784;97_913;98_1070;99_1355&stattab=map
- Last taxonomy: Treponema denticola
- 16S sequence: AB910736
- Sequence Identity:
- Total samples: 29395
- soil counts: 517
- aquatic counts: 521
- animal counts: 28134
- plant counts: 223
Sequence information
16S sequences
| @ref | description | accession | length | database | NCBI tax ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 67770 | Treponema denticola gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence | AB910736 | 1506 | ena | 158 |
| 67770 | Treponema denticola II:11:33520 16S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence | M71236 | 1509 | ena | 83342 |
Genome sequences
| @ref | description | accession | assembly level | database | NCBI tax ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 66792 | Treponema denticola ATCC 33520 | 999428.3 | wgs | patric | 999428 |
| 66792 | Treponema denticola ATCC 33520 | 2558860188 | draft | img | 999428 |
| 67770 | Treponema denticola ATCC 33520 | GCA_000338615 | scaffold | ncbi | 999428 |
GC content
- @ref: 67770
- GC-content: 38
- method: high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Genome-based predictions
predictions
| trait | prediction | confidence | training_data |
|---|---|---|---|
| spore-forming | no | 100 | no |
| motile | yes | 82.397 | no |
| flagellated | no | 88.875 | no |
| gram-positive | no | 92.822 | no |
| anaerobic | yes | 99.438 | no |
| halophile | no | 83.392 | no |
| spore-forming | no | 83.423 | no |
| thermophile | no | 95.375 | no |
| glucose-util | yes | 80.389 | no |
| aerobic | no | 98.91 | no |
| glucose-ferment | yes | 65.405 | no |
External links
@ref: 67770
culture collection no.: JCM 8225, ATCC 33520, CIP 103917
straininfo link
- @ref: 114599
- straininfo: 92963
literature
| topic | Pubmed-ID | title | authors | journal | DOI | year | mesh | topic2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cultivation | 1402787 | Cell-bound peptidase activities of Treponema denticola ATCC 33520 in continuous culture. | Mikx FH, Jacobs F, Satumalay C | J Gen Microbiol | 10.1099/00221287-138-9-1837 | 1992 | Aminopeptidases/*metabolism, Culture Media, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Treponema/*enzymology | Metabolism |
| Enzymology | 1444372 | Cloning and expression of the aspartate carbamoyltransferase gene from Treponema denticola. | Ishihara K, Ishihara M, Takazoe I, Okuda K | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.58.10.3399-3403.1992 | 1992 | Amino Acid Sequence, Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase/*genetics, Base Sequence, *Cloning, Molecular, Escherichia coli/enzymology/genetics, *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Molecular Sequence Data, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Treponema/enzymology/*genetics | Genetics |
| Cultivation | 1563762 | Hemagglutination activity of Treponema denticola grown in serum-free medium in continuous culture. | Mikx FH, Keulers RA | Infect Immun | 10.1128/iai.60.5.1761-1766.1992 | 1992 | Animals, Bacterial Adhesion, Blood Physiological Phenomena, Cattle, Culture Media, *Hemagglutination, Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, Horses, Humans, Rabbits, Treponema/*physiology | Pathogenicity |
| Enzymology | 1840314 | Cloning and expression of protease genes from Treponema denticola in Escherichia coli. | MacDougall JH, Beighton D, Russell RR | Oral Microbiol Immunol | 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1991.tb00490.x | 1991 | Aminopeptidases/*genetics, Bacterial Proteins/genetics, Bacteriophage lambda, *Cloning, Molecular, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, Enzyme Activation, Escherichia coli/*enzymology, Gene Library, Genetic Vectors, Serine Endopeptidases/*genetics, Treponema/*enzymology/genetics | |
| Phylogeny | 2030646 | Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to two Treponema denticola serotypes by the indirect fluorescent-antibody assay. | Kearns EA, Simonson LG, Schutt RW, Johnson MJ, Neil LC | Microbios | 1991 | Antibodies, Bacterial/*immunology, Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology, Antibody Specificity, Cross Reactions, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Periodontal Diseases/*microbiology, Serotyping, Species Specificity, Treponema/*immunology/isolation & purification | Pathogenicity | |
| Metabolism | 2254019 | Tip-oriented adherence of Treponema denticola to fibronectin. | Dawson JR, Ellen RP | Infect Immun | 10.1128/iai.58.12.3924-3928.1990 | 1990 | *Bacterial Adhesion, Collagen/metabolism, Fibronectins/*metabolism, Humans, Laminin/metabolism, Temperature, Treponema/*physiology | Pathogenicity |
| Enzymology | 2636257 | Antigenic and structural analysis of Treponema denticola. | Cockayne A, Sanger R, Ivic A, Strugnell RA, MacDougall JH, Russell RR, Penn CW | J Gen Microbiol | 10.1099/00221287-135-12-3209 | 1989 | Antigens, Bacterial/*analysis, Bacterial Proteins/immunology, Blotting, Western, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Flagella/ultrastructure, Membrane Proteins/immunology, Microscopy, Electron, Molecular Weight, Peptides/analysis, Subcellular Fractions/analysis/ultrastructure, Treponema/*immunology/ultrastructure | |
| Enzymology | 2744855 | A major antigen on the outer envelope of a human oral spirochete, Treponema denticola. | Umemoto T, Namikawa I, Suido H, Asai S | Infect Immun | 10.1128/iai.57.8.2470-2474.1989 | 1989 | Agglutination Tests, Antibodies, Bacterial, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibody Specificity, Antigens, Bacterial/immunology/*isolation & purification, Antigens, Surface/immunology/*isolation & purification, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Microscopy, Electron, Periodontal Diseases/microbiology/pathology, Treponema/*immunology/ultrastructure | Phylogeny |
| Pathogenicity | 7644276 | Distribution and characterization of plasmids in oral anaerobic spirochetes. | Caudry S, Klitorinos A, Gharbia SE, Pssara N, Siboo R, Keng T, Chan EC | Oral Microbiol Immunol | 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1995.tb00111.x | 1995 | Bacterial Typing Techniques, Base Sequence, Blotting, Southern, DNA Primers, DNA, Bacterial/*analysis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Mouth/*microbiology, Plasmids/*analysis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Restriction Mapping, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Treponema/*classification/*genetics | Genetics |
| 7808774 | Homology among Treponema denticola plasmids. | Reedy E, Simonson L, Zablen L | Oral Microbiol Immunol | 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1994.tb00076.x | 1994 | Blotting, Southern, DNA, Bacterial/*genetics, DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics, Plasmids/genetics, Restriction Mapping, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Treponema/*genetics | ||
| Metabolism | 7815916 | Effect of iron regulation on expression and hemin-binding function of outer-sheath proteins from Treponema denticola. | Chu L, Song M, Holt SC | Microb Pathog | 10.1006/mpat.1994.1033 | 1994 | 2,2'-Dipyridyl/pharmacology, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antibodies/immunology, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification/*metabolism, Carrier Proteins/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification/*metabolism, Chelating Agents/*pharmacology, Culture Media/pharmacology, Edetic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/*drug effects, Heme-Binding Proteins, Hemeproteins/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification/*metabolism, Hemin/*metabolism, Iron/*pharmacology, Iron-Binding Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Protein Binding/drug effects, Rabbits, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Transferrin-Binding Proteins, Treponema/*drug effects/genetics | Enzymology |
| Enzymology | 7896704 | Physical map of the Treponema denticola circular chromosome. | MacDougall J, Saint Girons I | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/jb.177.7.1805-1811.1995 | 1995 | Base Sequence, *Chromosome Mapping, *Chromosomes, Bacterial, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, RNA, Ribosomal/genetics, Treponema/*genetics | Genetics |
| Pathogenicity | 8090077 | Characterization of hemolysis and hemoxidation activities by Treponema denticola. | Chu L, Kennell W, Holt SC | Microb Pathog | 10.1006/mpat.1994.1019 | 1994 | Erythrocytes/*metabolism/ultrastructure, Hemolysis/drug effects/*physiology, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Iron/physiology, Oxidation-Reduction, Sulfur/physiology, Treponema/drug effects/*physiology | Metabolism |
| 8247611 | Involvement of treponemal surface-located protein and carbohydrate moieties in the attachment of Treponema denticola ATCC 33520 to cultured rat palatal epithelial cells. | Keulers RA, Maltha JC, Mikx FH, Wolters-Lutgerhorst JM | Oral Microbiol Immunol | 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1993.tb00566.x | 1993 | Analysis of Variance, Animals, Bacterial Adhesion/immunology/*physiology, Bacterial Proteins/*physiology, Cell Line, Epithelial Cells, Epithelium/microbiology, Membrane Glycoproteins/*physiology, Polysaccharides, Bacterial/*physiology, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Treponema/*physiology | ||
| Pathogenicity | 8265202 | Common and specific antigens of several treponemes detected by polyclonal antisera against major cellular proteins. | Nakamura Y, Umemoto T, Nakatani Y, Namikawa I, Wadood A | Oral Microbiol Immunol | 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1993.tb00576.x | 1993 | Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial, Antigens, Bacterial/*analysis, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/analysis, Bacterial Proteins/*analysis, Flagella/immunology, Humans, Immunoblotting, Mice, Microscopy, Immunoelectron, Treponema/*immunology/ultrastructure | |
| Enzymology | 8289216 | Outer membrane antigens of oral Treponema species. | Tall BD, Nauman RK | J Med Microbiol | 10.1099/00222615-40-1-62 | 1994 | Adsorption, Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology, Antigens, Bacterial/*analysis/immunology, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*analysis/immunology, Cell Membrane/immunology, Centrifugation, Density Gradient, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Humans, Immunoblotting, Immunohistochemistry, Microscopy, Electron, Mouth/microbiology, Treponema/*immunology/ultrastructure | Pathogenicity |
| Metabolism | 8474361 | Fibronectin-binding proteins of a human oral spirochete Treponema denticola. | Umemoto T, Nakatani Y, Nakamura Y, Namikawa I | Microbiol Immunol | 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1993.tb03182.x | 1993 | *Adhesins, Bacterial, Amino Acid Sequence, Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism, Bacterial Adhesion/physiology, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism, *Bacterial Proteins, Binding Sites, *Carrier Proteins, Fibronectins/chemistry/metabolism, Humans, Immunoblotting, In Vitro Techniques, Molecular Sequence Data, Molecular Weight, Mouth/microbiology, Oligopeptides/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology, Treponema/immunology/isolation & purification/*metabolism | Pathogenicity |
| Enzymology | 8502179 | Antigenic behaviors of two axial flagellar proteins detected in Treponema denticola. | Umemoto T, Wadood A, Nakamura Y, Nakatani Y, Namikawa I | Microbiol Immunol | 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1993.tb03194.x | 1993 | Antigens, Bacterial/*immunology, Bacterial Proteins/*immunology, Cross Reactions, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Flagella/*immunology/ultrastructure, Humans, Immunoblotting, Microscopy, Immunoelectron, Treponema/*immunology/ultrastructure | Pathogenicity |
| Phylogeny | 8602347 | Identity of 1:2:1 and 2:4:2 subgingival spirochetes by DNA hybridization. | Olsen I, Fiehn NE, Johnson JL | Oral Microbiol Immunol | 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1995.tb00170.x | 1995 | Bacterial Typing Techniques, Base Composition, Cytosine/analysis, DNA Fingerprinting, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, Dental Plaque/microbiology, Guanine/analysis, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Treponema/*classification | Transcriptome |
| Cultivation | 9467395 | Environmental effects on the growth and proteolysis of Treponema denticola ATCC 33520. | Mikx FH | Oral Microbiol Immunol | 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1997.tb00387.x | 1997 | Culture Media, Hydrogen, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen, Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism, Periodontal Pocket/microbiology, Treponema/*enzymology/growth & development | Metabolism |
| Enzymology | 9492176 | Adherence of human oral spirochetes by collagen-binding proteins. | Umemoto T, Li M, Namikawa I | Microbiol Immunol | 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01950.x | 1997 | *Bacterial Adhesion, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*analysis/immunology/isolation & purification/metabolism, Carrier Proteins/*analysis/metabolism, Collagen/*metabolism, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Hot Temperature, Humans, Immunoblotting, Microscopy, Electron, Peptides/analysis, Protein Binding, Treponema/*chemistry/immunology/*physiology | Metabolism |
| Enzymology | 10567950 | Multiple forms of the major phenylalanine specific protease in Treponema denticola. | Rosen G, Naor R, Sela MN | J Periodontal Res | 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1999.tb02253.x | 1999 | Actins/metabolism, Bacterial Proteins, Blotting, Western/methods/statistics & numerical data, Chymotrypsin/*analysis/isolation & purification/metabolism, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel/methods/statistics & numerical data, Humans, Keratins/metabolism, Peptide Hydrolases, Periodontal Pocket/microbiology, Phenylalanine/*metabolism, Treponema/*enzymology/isolation & purification | Metabolism |
| Metabolism | 11776931 | [Collagen-binding proteins of human oral spirochetes]. | Li M, Liu Z, Umemoto T | Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi | 1999 | Bacterial Adhesion, Bacterial Proteins/metabolism, Collagen Type I/metabolism, Collagen Type IV/metabolism, Collagen Type V/metabolism, Humans, Integrins/*metabolism, Mouth/microbiology, Protein Binding, Receptors, Collagen, Species Specificity, Spirochaetales/*chemistry/physiology, Treponema/chemistry/physiology | Pathogenicity | |
| Pathogenicity | 11895994 | Complementation of a Treponema denticola flgE mutant with a novel coumermycin A1-resistant T. denticola shuttle vector system. | Chi B, Limberger RJ, Kuramitsu HK | Infect Immun | 10.1128/IAI.70.4.2233-2237.2002 | 2002 | Aminocoumarins, Bacterial Proteins/*genetics, Coumarins/*pharmacology, DNA Gyrase/*genetics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Enzyme Inhibitors/*pharmacology, Genetic Complementation Test, *Genetic Vectors, Mutation, Plasmids, *Topoisomerase II Inhibitors, Transformation, Bacterial, Treponema/drug effects/*genetics/pathogenicity, Virulence | |
| 14694829 | Effects of a mixed infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola on abscess formation and immune responses in mice. | Washizu M, Ishihara K, Honma K, Okuda K | Bull Tokyo Dent Coll | 10.2209/tdcpublication.44.141 | 2003 | Abscess/immunology/*microbiology, Animals, Antigens, Bacterial/immunology, Bacteroidaceae Infections/immunology/*microbiology, Disease Models, Animal, Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology, Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Porphyromonas gingivalis/immunology/*physiology, Rupture, Spontaneous, Skin Diseases, Infectious/immunology/*microbiology, Time Factors, Treponema/immunology/*physiology, Treponemal Infections/immunology/*microbiology | ||
| Metabolism | 15271922 | Multiple functions of the leucine-rich repeat protein LrrA of Treponema denticola. | Ikegami A, Honma K, Sharma A, Kuramitsu HK | Infect Immun | 10.1128/IAI.72.8.4619-4627.2004 | 2004 | Amino Acid Sequence, Bacterial Adhesion, Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism, Base Sequence, Cell Line, Cloning, Molecular, Humans, Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Movement, Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism, Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism, Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Treponema/genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity/*physiology | Enzymology |
| Pathogenicity | 17011804 | The influence of cholesterol, progesterone, 4-androstenedione and testosterone on the growth of Treponema denticola ATCC 33520 in batch cultures. | Clark DT, Soory M | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.08.002 | 2006 | Cholesterol/*pharmacology, Colony Count, Microbial, Culture Media/chemistry, Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*pharmacology, Humans, Periodontal Diseases/microbiology, Treponema denticola/*drug effects/growth & development | Cultivation |
| Metabolism | 17803630 | Steroid 5alpha-reductase activity of Treponema denticola. | Clark DT, Soory M | Oral Microbiol Immunol | 10.1111/j.1399-302X.2007.00364.x | 2007 | 3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase/*metabolism, Androstenedione/metabolism, Buffers, Carbon Radioisotopes, Cholestanol/metabolism, Cholesterol/metabolism, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Coenzymes, Corticosterone/metabolism, Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology, Ethanol/pharmacology, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, NADP/metabolism, Progesterone/metabolism, Radiopharmaceuticals, Subcellular Fractions/enzymology, Substrate Specificity, Testosterone/metabolism, Time Factors, Treponema denticola/*enzymology | Enzymology |
| Enzymology | 21602384 | Disruption of a type II endonuclease (TDE0911) enables Treponema denticola ATCC 35405 to accept an unmethylated shuttle vector. | Bian J, Li C | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.00417-11 | 2011 | DNA Restriction Enzymes/genetics/*metabolism, DNA, Bacterial/genetics/*metabolism, *Gene Knockout Techniques, Genetic Vectors, *Transformation, Bacterial, Treponema denticola/*enzymology/genetics | Metabolism |
| Metabolism | 25152229 | Dentilisin involvement in coaggregation between Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia. | Sano Y, Okamoto-Shibayama K, Tanaka K, Ito R, Shintani S, Yakushiji M, Ishihara K | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.08.008 | 2014 | *Bacterial Adhesion, Bacterial Proteins, Bacteroidetes/metabolism/*physiology, Chymotrypsin/*metabolism, Optical Imaging, Peptide Hydrolases, Protein Binding, Proteolysis, Spectrophotometry, Treponema denticola/metabolism/*physiology |
Reference
| @id | authors | title | doi/url |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20215 | Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M. | List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ | 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 |
| 66792 | Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann | Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) | https://diaspora-project.de/progress.html#genomes |
| 67770 | Curators of the JCM | https://jcm.brc.riken.jp/en/ | |
| 69479 | João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich. | MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta | https://microbeatlas.org/ |
| 69480 | Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann | Predictions based on genome sequence made in the Diaspora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) | https://diaspora-project.de/progress.html#genomes |
| 69481 | Xiao-Yin To, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Alice C. McHardy, Philipp C. Münch | Predictions based on the model GenomeNet Sporulation v. 1 | 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2527258/v1 |
| 114599 | Reimer, L.C., Lissin, A.,Schober, I., Witte,J.F., Podstawka, A., Lüken, H., Bunk, B.,Overmann, J. | StrainInfo: A central database for resolving microbial strain identifiers | 10.60712/SI-ID92963.1 |