Strain identifier

BacDive ID: 11475

Type strain: Yes

Species: Paenibacillus macerans

Strain Designation: 888, NRS-888

Strain history: CIP <- 2013, DSMZ <- ATCC <- N.R. Smith: strain NRS-888 <- 1940, J. Porter <- E. Pribram <- F. Schardinger

NCBI tax ID(s): 1349781 (strain), 44252 (species)

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General

@ref: 2025

BacDive-ID: 11475

DSM-Number: 24

keywords: genome sequence, 16S sequence, Bacteria, aerobe, spore-forming, mesophilic, motile, human pathogen

description: Paenibacillus macerans 888 is an aerobe, spore-forming, mesophilic human pathogen of the family Paenibacillaceae.

NCBI tax id

NCBI tax idMatching level
44252species
1349781strain

strain history

@refhistory
2025<- ATCC <- N.R. Smith, 888 <- J.R. Porter <- E. Pribram <- F. Schardinger
67770CCM 2012 <-- R. E. Gordon.
120735CIP <- 2013, DSMZ <- ATCC <- N.R. Smith: strain NRS-888 <- 1940, J. Porter <- E. Pribram <- F. Schardinger

doi: 10.13145/bacdive11475.20230509.8.1

Name and taxonomic classification

LPSN

  • @ref: 20215
  • description: domain/bacteria
  • keyword: phylum/bacillota
  • domain: Bacteria
  • phylum: Bacillota
  • class: Bacilli
  • order: Caryophanales
  • family: Paenibacillaceae
  • genus: Paenibacillus
  • species: Paenibacillus macerans
  • full scientific name: Paenibacillus macerans (Schardinger 1905) Ash et al. 1994

  • synonyms

    @refsynonym
    20215Bacillus macerans
    20215Aerobacillus macerans
    20215Paenibacillus thermophilus

@ref: 2025

domain: Bacteria

phylum: Firmicutes

class: Bacilli

order: Bacillales

family: Paenibacillaceae

genus: Paenibacillus

species: Paenibacillus macerans

full scientific name: Paenibacillus macerans (Schardinger 1905) Ash et al. 1994 emend. Kobayashi et al. 2019

strain designation: 888, NRS-888

type strain: yes

Morphology

cell morphology

@refmotilityconfidencegram staincell shape
69480yes97.584
69480100positive
120735yesnegativerod-shaped

colony morphology

  • @ref: 120735

Culture and growth conditions

culture medium

@refnamegrowthcompositionlink
36542MEDIUM 29- Brain heart agaryesDistilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Brain heart infusion agar (52.000 g)
2025NUTRIENT AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1)yesName: NUTRIENT AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1) Composition: Agar 15.0 g/l Peptone 5.0 g/l Meat extract 3.0 g/l Distilled waterhttps://mediadive.dsmz.de/medium/1
120735CIP Medium 3yeshttps://catalogue-crbip.pasteur.fr/fiche_milieu.xhtml?crbip=3
120735CIP Medium 29yeshttps://catalogue-crbip.pasteur.fr/fiche_milieu.xhtml?crbip=29

culture temp

@refgrowthtypetemperaturerange
2025positivegrowth30mesophilic
36542positivegrowth30mesophilic
44992positivegrowth37mesophilic
67770positivegrowth30mesophilic
120735positivegrowth22-55
120735nogrowth10psychrophilic

culture pH

  • @ref: 120735
  • ability: positive
  • type: growth
  • pH: 6

Physiology and metabolism

oxygen tolerance

@refoxygen tolerance
44992aerobe
120735facultative anaerobe

spore formation

@refspore formationconfidence
69481yes100
69480yes100
120735yes

compound production

  • @ref: 2025
  • compound: amylase

halophily

@refsaltgrowthtested relationconcentration
120735NaClpositivegrowth0-2 %
120735NaClnogrowth4 %
120735NaClnogrowth6 %
120735NaClnogrowth8 %
120735NaClnogrowth10 %

metabolite utilization

@refChebi-IDmetaboliteutilization activitykind of utilization tested
12073516947citrate-carbon source
1207354853esculin+hydrolysis
120735606565hippurate+hydrolysis
12073517632nitrate+reduction
12073516301nitrite-reduction
12073517632nitrate+respiration
6837917632nitrate+reduction
683794853esculin+hydrolysis
6837916199urea-hydrolysis
683795291gelatin+hydrolysis
6837916988D-ribose+fermentation
6837965327D-xylose+fermentation
6837916899D-mannitol+fermentation
6837917306maltose+fermentation
6837917716lactose+fermentation
6837917992sucrose+fermentation
6837928087glycogen+fermentation

metabolite production

  • @ref: 120735
  • Chebi-ID: 35581
  • metabolite: indole
  • production: no

metabolite tests

@refChebi-IDmetabolitevoges-proskauer-testmethylred-test
12073515688acetoin-
12073517234glucose+

enzymes

@refvalueactivityec
68379catalase-1.11.1.6
68379gelatinase+
68379urease-3.5.1.5
68379beta-glucosidase+3.2.1.21
68379N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase-3.2.1.52
68379alpha-glucosidase+3.2.1.20
68379beta-galactosidase+3.2.1.23
68379beta-glucuronidase-3.2.1.31
68379alkaline phosphatase+3.1.3.1
68379pyrrolidonyl arylamidase-3.4.19.3
68379pyrazinamidase+3.5.1.B15
120735oxidase+
120735beta-galactosidase+3.2.1.23
120735alcohol dehydrogenase-1.1.1.1
120735gelatinase+/-
120735amylase+
120735DNase+
120735caseinase+3.4.21.50
120735catalase+1.11.1.6
120735tween esterase+
120735gamma-glutamyltransferase-2.3.2.2
120735lecithinase-
120735lipase-
120735lysine decarboxylase-4.1.1.18
120735ornithine decarboxylase-4.1.1.17
120735protease+
120735urease-3.5.1.5
68382alkaline phosphatase-3.1.3.1
68382esterase (C 4)+
68382esterase lipase (C 8)+
68382lipase (C 14)-
68382leucine arylamidase-3.4.11.1
68382valine arylamidase-
68382cystine arylamidase+3.4.11.3
68382trypsin-3.4.21.4
68382alpha-chymotrypsin-3.4.21.1
68382acid phosphatase+3.1.3.2
68382naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase-
68382alpha-galactosidase+3.2.1.22
68382beta-galactosidase+3.2.1.23
68382beta-glucuronidase-3.2.1.31
68382alpha-glucosidase+3.2.1.20
68382beta-glucosidase+3.2.1.21
68382N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase+3.2.1.52
68382alpha-mannosidase+3.2.1.24
68382alpha-fucosidase-3.2.1.51

API coryne

@refNITPYZPYRAPALbeta GURbeta GALalpha GLUbeta NAGESCUREGELControlRIBXYLMANMALLACSACGLYGCAT
44992++-+-++-+-+-+++++++-

API zym

@refControlAlkaline phosphataseEsteraseEsterase LipaseLipaseLeucine arylamidaseValine arylamidaseCystine arylamidaseTrypsinalpha- ChymotrypsinAcid phosphataseNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolasealpha- Galactosidasebeta- Galactosidasebeta- Glucuronidasealpha- Glucosidasebeta- GlucosidaseN-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidasealpha- Mannosidasealpha- Fucosidase
120735--++---+--+-++-++++-

API biotype100

@refGLUFRUGALTREMNESBEMELSACRAFMTEMALLACLTEMbGaMaGaCELGENMbGuESCRIBARAXYLPLERHAFUCMLZDARLLARLXLTDULTAGGLYINOMANMTLTURSORADOHBGLYXERYMDG3MDGSATMUCLTATDTATMTATDMLTLMLTCATETATETTECITGRTGAT2KG5KGTRYNAGGNTPACPATpOBEQATGTEmOBEBATPPATCMTTGEBETPCEABTHINLATCAPCYTHISSUCFUMGREGYTAVTETNTTNGLNITA3OBUAPTGTTPRODALALALASERMNTPROPTYR2KT
120735+++++-+++++++++++++-++++-++----+-++++----+------------------+-------------------------+------------

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

taxonmaps

  • @ref: 69479
  • File name: preview.99_38458.png
  • url: https://microbeatlas.org/index.html?action=taxon&taxon_id=90_15358;96_2906;97_4677;98_6009;99_38458&stattab=map
  • Last taxonomy: Paenibacillus macerans subclade
  • 16S sequence: AB073196
  • Sequence Identity:
  • Total samples: 15
  • animal counts: 15

Safety information

risk assessment

@refpathogenicity humanbiosafety levelbiosafety level comment
2025yes, in single cases1Risk group (German classification)
1207351Risk group (French classification)

Sequence information

16S sequences

@refdescriptionaccessionlengthdatabaseNCBI tax ID
20218Paenibacillus macerans clone JR-1F 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer, complete sequence; and 23S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequenceAF478101539ena44252
20218B.macerans 16S rRNAX573061551ena44252
20218Paenibacillus macerans gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequenceAB006946278ena44252
20218Paenibacillus macerans gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequenceAB0731961504ena44252
20218Paenibacillus macerans gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 2500AB162431538ena44252
20218Paenibacillus macerans gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 2500AB162432550ena44252
20218Paenibacillus macerans strain JCM2500 DNA for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequenceD783191437ena44252
20218Paenibacillus macerans gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: NBRC 15307AB3637441479ena44252
20218B.macerans 16S ribosomal RNAX606241435ena44252
67770Paenibacillus macerans JCM 2500 gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequenceLC4253461476ena44252

Genome sequences

@refdescriptionaccessionassembly leveldatabaseNCBI tax ID
66792Paenibacillus macerans NBRC 153071349781.5wgspatric1349781
66792Paenibacillus macerans strain NCTC635544252.8wgspatric44252
66792Paenibacillus macerans NCTC 63552904127458draftimg44252
67770Paenibacillus macerans NBRC 15307GCA_004000965contigncbi1349781
67770Paenibacillus macerans NCTC6355GCA_900454495contigncbi44252
66792Paenibacillus macerans ATCC 8244GCA_000746875scaffoldncbi44252

GC content

@refGC-contentmethod
202553.2Buoyant density centrifugation (BD)
202552.2thermal denaturation, midpoint method (Tm)

Genome-based predictions

predictions

traitpredictionconfidencetraining_data
spore-formingyes100no
motileyes89.515no
gram-positiveyes79.801no
anaerobicno97.215yes
halophileno87.824no
spore-formingyes95.894no
glucose-utilyes90.114no
thermophileno99.506no
flagellatedyes71.64no
aerobicyes77.219no
glucose-fermentno78.285no

External links

@ref: 2025

culture collection no.: DSM 24, ATCC 8244, CCM 2012, CIP 66.19, IAM 12467, LMG 13281, NCIB 9368, NCTC 6355, CCUG 7423, LMG 6324, IAM 1227, NRS 888, JCM 2500, BCRC 14680, CECT 19, IFO 15307, KCTC 1822, NBRC 15307, NCFB 1764, NCIMB 9368, NRRL B-172, NRRL B-394, NRRL B-4267, VKM B-506, VTT E-81138, NCDO 1764

straininfo link

  • @ref: 80709
  • straininfo: 1147

literature

topicPubmed-IDtitleauthorsjournalDOIyearmeshtopic2
Stress234941Fine structure of mesosomal involvement during Bacillus macerans sporulation.Decker S, Maier SJ Bacteriol10.1128/jb.121.1.363-372.19751975Bacillus/growth & development/*ultrastructure, Cell Division, Cell Membrane/ultrastructure, Cell Wall/ultrastructure, Hot Temperature, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Microscopy, Electron, Spectrophotometry, Spores, Bacterial/growth & development/ultrastructure, Time Factors
Phylogeny16244457Paenibacillus macerans possesses two types of 16S rDNA copies in a genome with a length difference of twelve base pairs.Hamasaki Y, Watanabe Y, Kotoura S, Fuchu H, Sugiyama M, Hashizume K, Morita HBiosci Biotechnol Biochem10.1271/bbb.69.19952005Bacillus/*genetics, Base Sequence, DNA, Ribosomal/*genetics, *Gene Dosage, Genome, Bacterial, Polymorphism, Genetic, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*geneticsGenetics
Phylogeny17551056Paenibacillus fonticola sp. nov., isolated from a warm spring.Chou JH, Chou YJ, Lin KY, Sheu SY, Sheu DS, Arun AB, Young CC, Chen WMInt J Syst Evol Microbiol10.1099/ijs.0.64872-02007Bacterial Typing Techniques, Base Composition, DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics, DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/genetics, Genes, rRNA, Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Rods/chemistry/*classification/*isolation & purification/physiology, Hot Springs/*microbiology, Lipids/analysis, Locomotion, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Quinones/analysis, RNA, Bacterial/genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, TaiwanGenetics
Phylogeny22684782Paenibacillus thermophilus sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a sediment of hot spring in Fujian province, China.Zhou Y, Gao S, Wei DQ, Yang LL, Huang X, He J, Zhang YJ, Tang SK, Li WJAntonie Van Leeuwenhoek10.1007/s10482-012-9755-62012Aerobiosis, Bacterial Typing Techniques, China, Cluster Analysis, DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics, DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/genetics, Diaminopimelic Acid, Fatty Acids/analysis, Flagella/physiology, Geologic Sediments/*microbiology, *Hot Springs, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Locomotion, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Paenibacillus/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification/physiology, Peptidoglycan/chemistry, Phospholipids/analysis, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sodium Chloride/metabolism, Spores, Bacterial/cytology, Temperature, Vitamin K 2/analysisGenetics
Phylogeny30540240Reclassification of Paenibacillus thermophilus Zhou et al. 2013 as a later heterotypic synonym of Paenibacillus macerans (Schardinger 1905) Ash et al. 1994.Kobayashi H, Tanizawa Y, Sakamoto M, Nakamura Y, Ohkuma M, Tohno MInt J Syst Evol Microbiol10.1099/ijsem.0.0031602018Bacterial Typing Techniques, Base Composition, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics, Paenibacillus/*classification, *Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNATranscriptome
Phylogeny31832844Paenibacillus oralis sp. nov., Isolated from Human Subgingival Dental Plaque of Gingivitis Lesion.Park SN, Lim YK, Shin JH, Jo E, Chang YH, Shin Y, Paek J, Kim H, Kook JKCurr Microbiol10.1007/s00284-019-01843-02019Bacterial Typing Techniques, Base Composition, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, Dental Plaque/*microbiology, Fatty Acids/chemistry, Genome, Bacterial, Gingivitis/*microbiology, Glycolipids/chemistry, Humans, Paenibacillus/*classification/isolation & purification, Peptidoglycan/chemistry, Phospholipids/chemistry, *Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Republic of Korea, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Vitamin K 2/analogs & derivatives/chemistryGenetics
Phylogeny35974114Paenibacillus mellifer sp. nov., isolated from gut of the honey bee Apis mellifera.Cho ES, Hwang CY, Kwon HW, Seo MJArch Microbiol10.1007/s00203-022-03178-02022Animals, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Bees, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, *Fatty Acids/chemistry, *Paenibacillus, Phospholipids/chemistry, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics/metabolism, Sequence Analysis, DNATranscriptome

Reference

@idauthorscataloguedoi/urltitlejournalpubmed
2025Curators of the DSMZLeibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSM 24)https://www.dsmz.de/collection/catalogue/details/culture/DSM-24
20215Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.10.1099/ijsem.0.004332List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ
20218Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42-50 201424321274
36542Curators of the CIPhttps://brclims.pasteur.fr/brcWeb/souche/detail/1/10242
44992Curators of the CCUGCulture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) (CCUG 7423)https://www.ccug.se/strain?id=7423
66792Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmannhttps://diaspora-project.de/progress.html#genomesAutomatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information)
66794Antje Chang, Lisa Jeske, Sandra Ulbrich, Julia Hofmann, Julia Koblitz, Ida Schomburg, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Dieter Jahn, Dietmar Schomburg10.1093/nar/gkaa1025BRENDA, the ELIXIR core data resource in 2021: new developments and updatesNucleic Acids Res. 49: D498-D508 202033211880
67770Curators of the JCMhttps://jcm.brc.riken.jp/en/
68379Automatically annotated from API Coryne
68382Automatically annotated from API zym
69479João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.https://microbeatlas.org/MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta
69480Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmannhttps://diaspora-project.de/progress.html#genomesPredictions based on genome sequence made in the Diaspora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information)
69481Xiao-Yin To, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Alice C. McHardy, Philipp C. Münch10.21203/rs.3.rs-2527258/v1Predictions based on the model GenomeNet Sporulation v. 1
80709Reimer, L.C., Lissin, A.,Schober, I., Witte,J.F., Podstawka, A., Lüken, H., Bunk, B.,Overmann, J.10.60712/SI-ID1147.1StrainInfo: A central database for resolving microbial strain identifiers
120735Curators of the CIPCollection of Institut Pasteur (CIP 66.19)https://catalogue-crbip.pasteur.fr/fiche_catalogue.xhtml?crbip=CIP%2066.19