Strain identifier

BacDive ID: 1074

Type strain: No

Species: Bacillus atrophaeus

Strain Designation: 1221A, NRS-1221 A

Strain history: CIP <- 1977, NCIB <- ATCC <- N.R. Smith, Bacillus subtilis: strain NRS-1221 A <- 1947, Bacon Lab., Watertown, USA, Bacillus globigii <- C.R. Phillips <- E. McCoy

NCBI tax ID(s): 640707 (strain), 1452 (species)

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General

@ref: 356

BacDive-ID: 1074

DSM-Number: 675

keywords: genome sequence, 16S sequence, Bacteria, spore-forming, mesophilic, motile, antibiotic compound production, human pathogen

description: Bacillus atrophaeus 1221A is a spore-forming, mesophilic, motile human pathogen that produces antibiotic compounds.

NCBI tax id

NCBI tax idMatching level
640707strain
1452species

strain history

@refhistory
356<- BMTU <- ATCC <- N.R. Smith, 1221A (Bacillus subtilis var. niger) <- Bacon Labs. (Bacillus globigii, red strain) <- C.R. Phillips <- E. McCoy
116543CIP <- 1977, NCIB <- ATCC <- N.R. Smith, Bacillus subtilis: strain NRS-1221 A <- 1947, Bacon Lab., Watertown, USA, Bacillus globigii <- C.R. Phillips <- E. McCoy

doi: 10.13145/bacdive1074.20230509.8.1

Name and taxonomic classification

LPSN

  • @ref: 20215
  • description: domain/bacteria
  • keyword: phylum/bacillota
  • domain: Bacteria
  • phylum: Bacillota
  • class: Bacilli
  • order: Caryophanales
  • family: Bacillaceae
  • genus: Bacillus
  • species: Bacillus atrophaeus
  • full scientific name: Bacillus atrophaeus Nakamura 1989

@ref: 356

domain: Bacteria

phylum: Firmicutes

class: Bacilli

order: Bacillales

family: Bacillaceae

genus: Bacillus

species: Bacillus atrophaeus

full scientific name: Bacillus atrophaeus Nakamura 1989

strain designation: 1221A, NRS-1221 A

type strain: no

Morphology

cell morphology

@refmotilityconfidencegram staincell shape
69480yes97.166
69480100positive
116543yespositiverod-shaped

Culture and growth conditions

culture medium

@refnamegrowthlinkcomposition
356NUTRIENT AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1)yeshttps://mediadive.dsmz.de/medium/1Name: NUTRIENT AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1) Composition: Agar 15.0 g/l Peptone 5.0 g/l Meat extract 3.0 g/l Distilled water
41081MEDIUM 72- for trypto casein soja agaryesDistilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Trypto casein soy agar (40.000 g)
116543CIP Medium 72yeshttps://catalogue-crbip.pasteur.fr/fiche_milieu.xhtml?crbip=72

culture temp

@refgrowthtypetemperaturerange
356positivegrowth30mesophilic
41081positivegrowth30mesophilic
116543positivegrowth22-45
116543nogrowth10psychrophilic
116543nogrowth55thermophilic

culture pH

  • @ref: 116543
  • ability: positive
  • type: growth
  • pH: 6

Physiology and metabolism

spore formation

@refspore formationconfidence
69481yes100
69480yes100
116543yes

compound production

@refcompound
356L desoxynojirimycin
356inhibitors for glycoside hydrolases
356pigment orange-red

halophily

  • @ref: 116543
  • salt: NaCl
  • growth: positive
  • tested relation: growth
  • concentration: 0-10 %

metabolite utilization

@refmetaboliteutilization activitykind of utilization testedChebi-ID
68371Potassium 5-ketogluconate-builds acid from
68371Potassium 2-ketogluconate-builds acid from
68371gluconate+builds acid from24265
68371L-arabitol-builds acid from18403
68371D-arabitol-builds acid from18333
68371L-fucose-builds acid from18287
68371D-fucose-builds acid from28847
68371D-tagatose-builds acid from16443
68371D-lyxose-builds acid from62318
68371turanose+builds acid from32528
68371xylitol-builds acid from17151
68371raffinose-builds acid from16634
68371melezitose-builds acid from6731
68371inulin-builds acid from15443
68371trehalose+builds acid from27082
68371sucrose+builds acid from17992
68371melibiose-builds acid from28053
68371lactose-builds acid from17716
68371salicin+builds acid from17814
68371esculin+builds acid from4853
68371arbutin+builds acid from18305
68371methyl alpha-D-mannoside-builds acid from43943
68371D-sorbitol+builds acid from17924
68371D-mannitol+builds acid from16899
68371myo-inositol-builds acid from17268
68371galactitol-builds acid from16813
68371L-rhamnose-builds acid from62345
68371L-sorbose-builds acid from17266
68371D-mannose+builds acid from16024
68371D-fructose+builds acid from15824
68371D-glucose+builds acid from17634
68371D-galactose-builds acid from12936
68371methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside-builds acid from74863
68371ribitol-builds acid from15963
68371L-xylose-builds acid from65328
68371D-xylose-builds acid from65327
68371D-arabinose-builds acid from17108
68371erythritol-builds acid from17113
68371glycerol+builds acid from17754
116543citrate-carbon source16947
116543esculin+hydrolysis4853
116543nitrate+reduction17632
116543nitrite-reduction16301
116543nitrate-respiration17632

metabolite production

  • @ref: 116543
  • Chebi-ID: 35581
  • metabolite: indole
  • production: no

metabolite tests

@refChebi-IDmetabolitevoges-proskauer-testmethylred-test
11654315688acetoin+
11654317234glucose-

enzymes

@refvalueactivityec
68382alpha-fucosidase-3.2.1.51
68382alpha-mannosidase-3.2.1.24
68382N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase-3.2.1.52
68382beta-glucosidase+3.2.1.21
68382alpha-glucosidase+3.2.1.20
68382beta-glucuronidase-3.2.1.31
68382beta-galactosidase+3.2.1.23
68382alpha-galactosidase-3.2.1.22
68382naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase+
68382acid phosphatase+3.1.3.2
68382alpha-chymotrypsin-3.4.21.1
68382trypsin-3.4.21.4
68382cystine arylamidase+3.4.11.3
68382valine arylamidase-
68382leucine arylamidase+3.4.11.1
68382lipase (C 14)-
68382esterase lipase (C 8)+
68382esterase (C 4)+
68382alkaline phosphatase-3.1.3.1
116543oxidase-
116543beta-galactosidase+3.2.1.23
116543alcohol dehydrogenase-1.1.1.1
116543gelatinase+
116543amylase+
116543DNase+
116543caseinase+3.4.21.50
116543catalase+1.11.1.6
116543tween esterase-
116543gamma-glutamyltransferase+2.3.2.2
116543lecithinase+
116543lipase+
116543lysine decarboxylase-4.1.1.18
116543ornithine decarboxylase-4.1.1.17
116543protease+
116543tryptophan deaminase-
116543urease-3.5.1.5

API zym

@refControlAlkaline phosphataseEsteraseEsterase LipaseLipaseLeucine arylamidaseValine arylamidaseCystine arylamidaseTrypsinalpha- ChymotrypsinAcid phosphataseNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolasealpha- Galactosidasebeta- Galactosidasebeta- Glucuronidasealpha- Glucosidasebeta- GlucosidaseN-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidasealpha- Mannosidasealpha- Fucosidase
116543--++-+-+--++-+-++---

API 50CHac

@refGLYERYDARALARARIBDXYLLXYLADOMDXGALGLUFRUMNESBERHADULINOMANSORMDMMDGNAGAMYARBESCSALCELMALLACMELSACTREINUMLZRAFAMDGLYGXLTGENTURLYXTAGDFUCLFUCDARLLARLGNT2KG5KG
116543+--+/-+/------+++----++-+/-+/-+/-++++/-+/---++---+/-+/--+/-+------+--

API biotype100

@refGLUFRUGALTREMNESBEMELSACRAFMTEMALLACLTEMbGaMaGaCELGENMbGuESCRIBARAXYLPLERHAFUCMLZDARLLARLXLTDULTAGGLYINOMANMTLTURSORADOHBGLYXERYMDG3MDGSATMUCLTATDTATMTATDMLTLMLTCATETATETTECITGRTGAT2KG5KGTRYNAGGNTPACPATpOBEQATGTEmOBEBATPPATCMTTGEBETPCEABTHINLATCAPCYTHISSUCFUMGREGYTAVTETNTTNGLNITA3OBUAPTGTTPRODALALALASERMNTPROPTYR2KT
116543++-++--+-++----++++++-+--------++++++----+-++----++--+-+---++------------+-+--+++-----+--++++++----

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

taxonmaps

  • @ref: 69479
  • File name: preview.99_454.png
  • url: https://microbeatlas.org/index.html?action=taxon&taxon_id=90_3;96_17;97_17;98_20;99_454&stattab=map
  • Last taxonomy: Bacillus
  • 16S sequence: AB680488
  • Sequence Identity:
  • Total samples: 133
  • soil counts: 16
  • aquatic counts: 40
  • animal counts: 61
  • plant counts: 16

Safety information

risk assessment

@refpathogenicity humanbiosafety levelbiosafety level comment
356yes, in single cases1Risk group (German classification)
1165431Risk group (French classification)

Sequence information

16S sequences

  • @ref: 20218
  • description: Bacillus atrophaeus gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: NBRC 13721
  • accession: AB680488
  • length: 1475
  • database: ena
  • NCBI tax ID: 1452

Genome sequences

@refdescriptionaccessionassembly leveldatabaseNCBI tax ID
66792Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC 9372-1GCA_000204705contigncbi903520
66792Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC 9372-2GCA_000204825contigncbi723892
66792Bacillus atrophaeus 1942720555.4completepatric720555
66792Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC 9372-1903520.3wgspatric903520
66792Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC 9372-2723892.3wgspatric723892
66792Bacillus atrophaeus BACI051-N876283.3wgspatric876283
66792Bacillus atrophaeus Detrick-1720556.3wgspatric720556
66792Bacillus atrophaeus Detrick-2720557.3wgspatric720557
66792Bacillus atrophaeus Detrick-3720558.3wgspatric720558
66792Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC 9372-22547132227draftimg723892
66792Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC 9372-12547132205draftimg903520

Genome-based predictions

predictions

traitpredictionconfidencetraining_data
spore-formingyes100no
motileyes88.432no
flagellatedyes87.15no
gram-positiveyes91.009no
anaerobicno99.258no
aerobicyes90.614no
halophileyes88.455no
spore-formingyes97.034no
thermophileno99.102yes
glucose-utilyes86.909no
glucose-fermentno91.345no

External links

@ref: 356

culture collection no.: DSM 675, ATCC 9372, CIP 77.18, IFO 13721, NBRC 13721, NCDO 738, NCIB 8058, NRS 1221A, NCIMB 8058

literature

topicPubmed-IDtitleauthorsjournalDOIyearmeshtopic2
Phylogeny11211269Reclassification of bioindicator strains Bacillus subtilis DSM 675 and Bacillus subtilis DSM 2277 as Bacillus atrophaeus.Fritze D, Pukall RInt J Syst Evol Microbiol10.1099/00207713-51-1-352001Bacillus/*classification/genetics/physiology, Bacillus subtilis/*classification/genetics/physiology, Ethylene Oxide, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Pigmentation, Reference Standards, Spores, Bacterial/physiology, Sterilization/methods
Phylogeny15128533Detection of molecular diversity in Bacillus atrophaeus by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis.Burke SA, Wright JD, Robinson MK, Bronk BV, Warren RLAppl Environ Microbiol10.1128/AEM.70.5.2786-2790.20042004Bacillus/*classification/*genetics, Bacterial Typing Techniques, DNA, Bacterial/analysis, DNA, Ribosomal/analysis, *Genetic Variation, Molecular Sequence Data, *Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Species SpecificityGenetics
Pathogenicity15233254Evaluation of Blow/Fill/Seal extrusion through processing polymer contaminated with bacterial spores and endotoxin.Leo F, Poisson P, Sinclair CS, Tallentire APDA J Pharm Sci Technol2004Bacillus/growth & development, Drug Compounding, Drug Contamination/*prevention & control, Endotoxins/*analysis, *Polymers, *Spores, Bacterial
Pathogenicity15947749Sporicidal activity in liquid chemical products to sterilize or high-level disinfect medical and dental instruments.Acosta-Gio AE, Rueda-Patino JL, Sanchez-Perez LAm J Infect Control10.1016/j.ajic.2004.10.0052005*Disinfectants, Disinfection/*methods, Equipment Contamination/*prevention & control, Humans, Mexico, *Spores, Bacterial, Sterilization/*methods
Pathogenicity16329871Role of pigmentation in protecting Bacillus sp. endospores against environmental UV radiation.Moeller R, Horneck G, Facius R, Stackebrandt EFEMS Microbiol Ecol10.1016/j.femsec.2004.08.0082005Bacillus/chemistry/physiology/*radiation effects, Pigmentation/drug effects/*physiology, Spores, Bacterial/chemistry/*physiology/*radiation effects, *Ultraviolet Rays
Pathogenicity17722487Comparative sterilization effectiveness of plasma in O2-H2O2 mixtures and ethylene oxide treatment.Silva JM, Moreira AJ, Oliveira DC, Bonato CB, Mansano RD, Pinto TJPDA J Pharm Sci Technol2007Disinfectants/*pharmacology, Ethylene Oxide/*pharmacology, Humans, Plasma/*chemistry/drug effects, Sterilization
Pathogenicity18207677Sterilization by pure oxygen plasma and by oxygen-hydrogen peroxide plasma: an efficacy study.Boscariol MR, Moreira AJ, Mansano RD, Kikuchi IS, Pinto TJInt J Pharm10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.11.0592007Bacillus subtilis/drug effects, Hydrogen Peroxide/*pharmacology, Oxygen/*pharmacology, Plasma, Spores, Bacterial/drug effects, Sterilization/*methods
Metabolism18478415Biosurfactant production by cultivation of Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC 9372 in semidefined glucose/casein-based media.das Neves LC, de Oliveira KS, Kobayashi MJ, Penna TC, Converti AAppl Biochem Biotechnol10.1007/s12010-007-9078-72007Bacillus/*classification/*metabolism, Bioreactors/*microbiology, Caseins/*metabolism, Cell Culture Techniques/*methods, Glucose/*metabolism, Species Specificity, Surface-Active Agents/*metabolismPhylogeny
Stress19191542Determination of lethality rate constants and D-values for Bacillus atrophaeus (ATCC 9372) spores exposed to dry heat from 115 degrees C to 170 degrees C.Kempf MJ, Schubert WW, Beaudet RAAstrobiology10.1089/ast.2007.02082008Bacillus/*cytology, Environment, Controlled, *Hot Temperature, Humidity, Kinetics, *Microbial Viability, Spores, Bacterial/*cytology, Time FactorsEnzymology
19361918Increase in the ozone decay time in acidic ozone water and its effects on sterilization of biological warfare agents.Uhm HS, Hong YF, Lee HY, Park YHJ Hazard Mater10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.0562009*Biological Warfare Agents, *Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Ozone/*chemistry, Water/*chemistry
Pathogenicity19530160Sterilization of medical devices by ethylene oxide, determination of the dissipation of residues, and use of Green Fluorescent Protein as an indicator of process control.Dias FN, Ishii M, Nogaroto SL, Piccini B, Penna TCJ Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater10.1002/jbm.b.314382009Bacillus/drug effects, Biosensing Techniques, Chromatography, Gas, Disinfectants/*analysis, Drug Residues/*analysis, Ethylene Oxide/*analysis, Green Fluorescent Proteins/*chemistry, Humidity, Indicators and Reagents, Oxygen/chemistry, Spores, Bacterial/drug effects, Sterilization/*methods, Temperature
Pathogenicity19926076Synthesis and antibacterial activity of aminosugar-functionalized intercalating agents.Shi W, Marcus SL, Lowary TLCarbohydr Res10.1016/j.carres.2009.10.0102009Amino Sugars/*chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology, Bacillus/drug effects, Escherichia coli/drug effects, Glycosides/chemistry, Intercalating Agents/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology, Structure-Activity Relationship
Biotechnology22526268Relations between phenotypic changes of spores and biofilm production by Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC 9372 growing in solid-state fermentation.Sella SR, Guizelini BP, Gouvea PM, Figueiredo LF, Ribeiro CA, Vandenberghe LP, Minozzo JC, Soccol CRArch Microbiol10.1007/s00203-012-0815-02012Bacillus/enzymology/growth & development/*physiology, *Biofilms, *Fermentation, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Spores, Bacterial/physiologyEnzymology
Pathogenicity23971883Decontamination of a hospital room using gaseous chlorine dioxide: Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, and Yersinia pestis.Lowe JJ, Gibbs SG, Iwen PC, Smith PW, Hewlett ALJ Occup Environ Hyg10.1080/15459624.2013.8182412013Bacillus anthracis/*drug effects, Chlorine Compounds/*pharmacology, Colony Count, Microbial, Decontamination/methods, Disinfectants/*pharmacology, Francisella tularensis/*drug effects, *Hospitals, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Oxides/*pharmacology, Spores, Bacterial/*drug effects, Yersinia pestis/*drug effects
Pathogenicity25423452Fast and effective inactivation of Bacillus atrophaeus endospores using light-activated derivatives of vitamin B2.Eichner A, Gollmer A, Spath A, Baumler W, Regensburger J, Konig B, Maisch TPhotochem Photobiol Sci10.1039/c4pp00285g2015Anti-Infective Agents/chemical synthesis/chemistry/pharmacology, Bacillus/*drug effects/*physiology/radiation effects/ultrastructure, Cell Line, Cell Survival/drug effects/radiation effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Flavins/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology, Humans, *Light, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Photosensitizing Agents/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology, Polyethylene Terephthalates/chemistry, Riboflavin/*analogs & derivatives, Singlet Oxygen/chemistry, Spores, Bacterial/drug effects/radiation effects/ultrastructure, Water/chemistry
Pathogenicity26861975Action of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on heterotypic biofilm: Candida albicans and Bacillus atrophaeus.Silva MP, dos Santos TA, de Barros PP, de Camargo Ribeiro F, Junqueira JC, Jorge AOLasers Med Sci10.1007/s10103-016-1876-02016Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Bacillus/*drug effects/radiation effects, Biofilms/*drug effects/radiation effects, Candida albicans/*drug effects/physiology, Lasers, Semiconductor, Photochemotherapy/*methods, Photosensitizing Agents/*pharmacology, Rose Bengal/pharmacology
28621298Is the Stella 5L system an effective cold sterilization technique for needle-based confocal miniprobes?Wang CX, Chen YY, Yang F, Yang F, Guo JT, Sun S, Fan LEndosc Ultrasound10.4103/eus.eus_39_172017
Pathogenicity29341384Influence of spore and carrier material surface hydrophobicity on decontamination efficacy with condensing hydrogen peroxide vapour.Eschlbeck E, Seeburger C, Kulozik UJ Appl Microbiol10.1111/jam.136952018Bacillus/chemistry/*drug effects, Bacillus subtilis/chemistry/*drug effects, *Decontamination, Gases, Hydrogen Peroxide/*pharmacology, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Spores, Bacterial/chemistry/drug effects, Surface Properties
Metabolism30974785ytiB and ythA Genes Reduce the Uranium Removal Capacity of Bacillus atrophaeus.Wang L, Xiao S, Chen X, Chen S, Wang S, Wang C, Tang Y, Dong FInt J Mol Sci10.3390/ijms200717662019*Bacillus/genetics/metabolism, *Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism, Chromium/*metabolism, *Soil Microbiology, Uranium/*metabolism
Pathogenicity32622248Effect of peracetic acid on ascospore-forming molds and test microorganisms used for bio-validations of sanitizing processes in food plants.Scaramuzza N, Mutti P, Cigarini M, Berni EInt J Food Microbiol10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.1087722020Anti-Infective Agents/*pharmacology, Bacillus/drug effects, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Food Packaging/*standards, Food-Processing Industry/standards, Fungi/*drug effects, Hot Temperature, Peracetic Acid/*pharmacology, Sterilization/*standardsStress

Reference

@idauthorscataloguedoi/urltitlejournalpubmed
356Curators of the DSMZLeibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSM 675)https://www.dsmz.de/collection/catalogue/details/culture/DSM-675
20215Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.10.1099/ijsem.0.004332List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ
20218Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42-50 201424321274
41081Curators of the CIPhttps://brclims.pasteur.fr/brcWeb/souche/detail/1/10930
66792Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmannhttps://diaspora-project.de/progress.html#genomesAutomatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information)
68371Automatically annotated from API 50CH acid
68382Automatically annotated from API zym
69479João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.https://microbeatlas.org/MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta
69480Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmannhttps://diaspora-project.de/progress.html#genomesPredictions based on genome sequence made in the Diaspora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information)
69481Xiao-Yin To, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Alice C. McHardy, Philipp C. Münch10.21203/rs.3.rs-2527258/v1Predictions based on the model GenomeNet Sporulation v. 1
116543Curators of the CIPCollection of Institut Pasteur (CIP 77.18)https://catalogue-crbip.pasteur.fr/fiche_catalogue.xhtml?crbip=CIP%2077.18