Bacillus atrophaeus (DSM 675, ATCC 9372, CIP 77.18)

Name: Bacillus atrophaeus (DSM 675, ATCC 9372, CIP 77.18)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 1074

Type strain

Strain Designation 1221A, NRS-1221 A

Culture col. no. DSM 675 ATCC 9372 CIP 77.18 IFO 13721 NBRC 13721 6 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 640707 1452

Special Collections DSMZ CIP

History <- BMTU <- ATCC <- N.R. Smith, 1221A (Bacillus subtilis var. niger) <- Bacon Labs. (Bacillus globigii, red strain) <- C.R. Phillips <- E. McCoy CIP <- 1977, NCIB <- ATCC <- N.R. Smith, Bacillus subtilis: strain NRS-1221 A <- 1947, Bacon Lab., Watertown, USA, Bacillus globigii <- C.R. Phillips <- E. McCoy

Links

Bacillus atrophaeus 1221A is a spore-forming, Gram-positive, motile bacterium that produces antibiotic compounds.

antibiotic compound production spore-forming Gram-positive motile rod-shaped genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 64068

LMG 8198,ATCC 9372,IFO 13721,NCIB 8058,LMG 8199,DSM 2277,NCIB 8649,NCTC 10073,IFO 16183,ATCC 51189,CCUG 10975,CCM 4624,CCUG 11738,NCDO 738,CIP 103406,IAM 1633,NCIMB 8058,IMET10908,NCIMB 8649,NCIMB 13498,CCM 4397,IFO 14117,CECT 38,CIP 77.18,LMD 85.4,NCFB 738,CECT 4071,KCTC 1022,CCUG 41391,NCCB 85004,NBRC 13721,NBRC 16183,NBRC 14117,NCAIM B.01464,NCIM 2921,CDBB 1105,CNCTC 6216,CGMCC 1.3343,CGMCC 1.3383,VTT E-052737,JCM 20230,DSM 675

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-02-09 11:18:01

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Bacilli

Order Caryophanales

Family Bacillaceae

Genus Bacillus

Species Bacillus atrophaeus

Full scientific name Bacillus atrophaeus Nakamura 1989

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Bacillus atrophaeus** (13)	Type strain
1077	B. atrophaeus DSM 7264, ATCC 49337, NRRL NRS-213, CCUG ... (type strain)
1075	B. atrophaeus DSM 2277, ATCC 51189, CIP 103406, IAM 1633, ...
1076	B. atrophaeus DSM 5551, NRRL NRS-253, NRS 1936, NRS 253
1078	B. atrophaeus ES2-W11b1, DSM 30650
1079	B. atrophaeus ES2-AirT4-1, DSM 30662
22920	B. atrophaeus P4/15_1, DSM 30923
137339	B. atrophaeus CIP 77.17
138641	B. atrophaeus 733, CIP 52.79
146601	B. atrophaeus CCUG 31558
151805	B. atrophaeus CCUG 44943
151806	B. atrophaeus CCUG 44944
155923	B. atrophaeus CCUG 59659 B
156339	B. atrophaeus CCUG 61211

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Motility
116543	positive	rod-shaped

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
356	NUTRIENT AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: NUTRIENT AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1) Composition: Agar 15.0 g/l Peptone 5.0 g/l Meat extract 3.0 g/l Distilled water
41081	MEDIUM 72- for trypto casein soja agar		Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Trypto casein soy agar (40.000 g)
116543	CIP Medium 72	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
356	positive	growth	30
41081	positive	growth	30
116543	positive	growth	22-45
116543	negative	growth	10
116543	negative	growth	55

Culture pH

@ref	Ability	Type	PH
116543	positive	growth	6

Physiology and metabolism

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
116543
125438		94.311

Compound production

@ref	Compound
356	L desoxynojirimycin
356	inhibitors for glycoside hydrolases
356	pigment orange-red

Halophily

@ref	Salt	Growth	Tested relation	Concentration
116543	NaCl	positive	growth	0-10 %

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68371	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
116543	16947 ChEBI	citrate	-	carbon source
68371	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	12936 ChEBI	D-galactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17924 ChEBI	D-sorbitol	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
116543	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis
68371	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	24265 ChEBI	gluconate	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
116543	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction
116543	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	respiration
116543	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68371		Potassium 2-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371		Potassium 5-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17814 ChEBI	salicin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	32528 ChEBI	turanose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
116543	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test	Methylred-test
116543	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	+
116543	17234 ChEBI	glucose		-

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
116543	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
116543	amylase	+
68382	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API zym
116543	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23
68382	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
116543	caseinase	+	3.4.21.50
116543	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.3	from API zym
116543	DNase	+
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
116543	gamma-glutamyltransferase	+	2.3.2.2
116543	gelatinase	+
116543	lecithinase	+
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
116543	lipase	+
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
116543	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
116543	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
116543	oxidase	-
116543	protease	+
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
116543	tryptophan deaminase	-
116543	tween esterase	-
116543	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
116543	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	+	+	-	-	-

API 50CHac

@ref	ControlQ	GLY	ERY	DARA	LARA	RIB	DXYL	LXYL	ADO	MDX	GAL	GLU	FRU	MNE	SBE	RHA	DUL	INO	MAN	SOR	MDM	MDG	NAG	AMY	ARB	ESC	SAL	CEL	MAL	LAC	MEL	SAC	TRE	INU	MLZ	RAF	AMD	GLYG	XLT	GEN	TUR	LYX	TAG	DFUC	LFUC	DARL	LARL	GNT	2KG	5KG
116543	not determinedn.d.	+	-	-	+/-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	+/-	+/-	+/-	+	+	+	+/-	+/-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	+/-	+/-	-	+/-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-

API biotype100

@ref	ControlQ	D-glucose as carbon sourceGLU	D-fructose as carbon sourceFRU	D-galactose as carbon sourceGAL	D-trehalose as carbon sourceTRE	D-mannose as carbon sourceMNE	L-sorbose as carbon sourceSBE	D-melibiose as carbon sourceMEL	sucrose as carbon sourceSAC	D-raffinose as carbon sourceRAF	maltotriose as carbon sourceMTE	maltose as carbon sourceMAL	lactose as carbon sourceLAC	lactulose as carbon sourceLTE	1-O-methyl-beta-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGa	1-O-methyl-alpha-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMaGa	D-cellobiose as carbon sourceCEL	gentiobiose as carbon sourceGEN	1-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGu	esculin as carbon sourceESC	D-ribose as carbon sourceRIB	L-arabinose as carbon sourceARA	D-xylose as carbon sourceXYL	palatinose as carbon sourcePLE	L-rhamnose as carbon sourceRHA	L-fucose as carbon sourceFUC	D-melezitose as carbon sourceMLZ	D-arabitol as carbon sourceDARL	L-arabitol as carbon sourceLARL	xylitol as carbon sourceXLT	dulcitol as carbon sourceDUL	D-tagatose as carbon sourceTAG	glycerol as carbon sourceGLY	myo-inositol as carbon sourceINO	D-mannitol as carbon sourceMAN	maltitol as carbon sourceMTL	D-turanose as carbon sourceTUR	D-sorbitol as carbon sourceSOR	adonitol as carbon sourceADO	hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide as carbon sourceHBG	D-lyxose as carbon sourceLYX	i-erythritol as carbon sourceERY	1-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucoside as carbon sourceMDG	3-O-methyl-D-glucose as carbon source3MDG	D-saccharate as carbon sourceSAT	mucate as carbon sourceMUC	L-tartrate as carbon sourceLTAT	D-tartrate as carbon sourceDTAT	meso-tartrate as carbon sourceMTAT	D-malate as carbon sourceDMLT	L-malate as carbon sourceLMLT	cis-aconitate as carbon sourceCATE	trans-aconitate as carbon sourceTATE	tricarballylate as carbon sourceTTE	citrate as carbon sourceCIT	D-glucuronate as carbon sourceGRT	D-galacturonate as carbon sourceGAT	2-ketogluconate as carbon source2KG	5-ketogluconate as carbon source5KG	tryptophan as carbon sourceTRY	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as carbon sourceNAG	D-gluconate as carbon sourceGNT	phenylacetate as carbon sourcePAC	protocatechuate as carbon sourcePAT	4-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcepOBE	quinate as carbon sourceQAT	gentisate as carbon sourceGTE	3-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcemOBE	benzoate as carbon sourceBAT	3-phenylpropionate as carbon sourcePPAT	m-coumarate as carbon sourceCMT	trigonelline as carbon sourceTGE	betaine as carbon sourceBET	putrescine as carbon sourcePCE	4-aminobutyrate as carbon sourceABT	histamine as carbon sourceHIN	DL-lactate as carbon sourceLAT	caprate as carbon sourceCAP	caprylate as carbon sourceCYT	L-histidine as carbon sourceHIS	succinate as carbon sourceSUC	fumarate as carbon sourceFUM	glutarate as carbon sourceGRE	DL-glycerate as carbon sourceGYT	5-aminovalerate as carbon sourceAVT	ethanolamine as carbon sourceETN	tryptamine as carbon sourceTTN	D-glucosamine as carbon sourceGLN	itaconate as carbon sourceITA	3-hydroxybutyrate as carbon source3OBU	L-aspartate as carbon sourceAPT	L-glutamate as carbon sourceGTT	L-proline as carbon sourcePRO	D-alanine as carbon sourceDALA	L-alanine as carbon sourceLALA	L-serine as carbon sourceSER	malonate as carbon sourceMNT	propionate as carbon sourcePROP	L-tyrosine as carbon sourceTYR	2-ketoglutarate as carbon source2KT
116543	not determinedn.d.	+	+	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence AB680488 (>99% sequence identity) for Bacillus from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	40
Soil Samples	16
Animal Samples	61
Plant Samples	16
Total Samples	133

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
356	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
116543	1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM16592v1 assembly for Bacillus atrophaeus 1942	complete	GCA_000165925	720555.4	649633009	720555	99.48
66792	ASM20470v2 assembly for Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC 9372-1	contig	GCA_000204705	903520.3	2547132205	903520	73.65
66792	ASM20476v2 assembly for Bacillus atrophaeus Detrick-3	contig	GCA_000204765	720558.3	2547132222	720558	73.42
66792	ASM20472v2 assembly for Bacillus atrophaeus Detrick-1	contig	GCA_000204725	720556.3	2547132226	720556	73.34
66792	ASM20482v2 assembly for Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC 9372-2	contig	GCA_000204825	723892.3	2547132227	723892	72.72
66792	ASM20474v2 assembly for Bacillus atrophaeus Detrick-2	contig	GCA_000204745	720557.3	2547132225	720557	70.09
66792	ASM20490v2 assembly for Bacillus atrophaeus BACI051-N	contig	GCA_000204905	876283.3	2547132257	876283	63.67
124043	ASM3620872v1 assembly for Bacillus atrophaeus NRS-1221A	scaffold	GCA_036208725	1452.227		1452	60.07

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
20218	Bacillus atrophaeus gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: NBRC 13721	AB680488	1475		1452

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Bacillus atrophaeus 1942
PATRIC: 720555.4

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	78.30	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	74.20	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	variable	85.30	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	obligate aerobe	86.40	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Bacillus atrophaeus 1942
PATRIC: 720555.4

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	83.34	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	89.33	no
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	yes	94.31	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	yes	72.92	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	95.81	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	88.90	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	A Review of Microbial Decontamination of Cereals by Non-Thermal Plasma.	Scholtz V, Jiresova J, Sera B, Julak J.	Foods	10.3390/foods10122927	2021
	Assessment of Various Process Parameters for Optimized Sterilization Conditions Using a Multi-Sensing Platform.	Vahidpour F, Guthmann E, Arreola J, Alghazali Y, Wagner T, Schoning MJ.	Foods	10.3390/foods11050660	2022
Pathogenicity	Effect of Sporulation Conditions Following Submerged Cultivation on the Resistance of Bacillus atrophaeus Spores against Inactivation by H₂O₂.	Stier P, Kulozik U.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules25132985	2020
	Establishment of a Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of Devriesea agamarum in Lizards.	Brockmann M, Leineweber C, Hellebuyck T, Martel A, Pasmans F, Gentil M, Muller E, Marschang RE.	Animals (Basel)	10.3390/ani13050881	2023
	Chromogenicity of aerobic spore-forming bacteria of the Bacillaceae family isolated from different ecological niches and physiographic zones.	Kharkhota M, Hrabova H, Kharchuk M, Ivanytsia T, Mozhaieva L, Poliakova A, Avdieieva L.	Braz J Microbiol	10.1007/s42770-022-00755-9	2022
	Exopolysaccharide Gellan Gum and Derived Oligo-Gellan Enhance Growth and Antimicrobial Activity in Eucomis Plants.	Salachna P, Mizielinska M, Sobol M.	Polymers (Basel)	10.3390/polym10030242	2018
	The Effect of UV Aging on Antimicrobial and Mechanical Properties of PLA Films with Incorporated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.	Mizielinska M, Kowalska U, Jarosz M, Suminska P, Landercy N, Duquesne E.	Int J Environ Res Public Health	10.3390/ijerph15040794	2018
	The Influence of Accelerated UV-A and Q-SUN Irradiation on the Antibacterial Properties of Hydrophobic Coatings Containing Eucomis comosa Extract.	Mizielinska M, Kowalska U, Salachna P, Lopusiewicz L, Jarosz M.	Polymers (Basel)	10.3390/polym10040421	2018
Pathogenicity	Exploring the antimicrobial properties of dark-operating ceramic-based nanocomposite materials for the disinfection of indoor air.	Dutheil de la Rochere A, Evstratov A, Bayle S, Sabourin L, Frering A, Lopez-Cuesta JM.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0224114	2019
Phylogeny	Rapid diagnostic thin section electron microscopy of bacterial endospores.	Laue M, Niederwohrmeier B, Bannert N.	J Microbiol Methods	10.1016/j.mimet.2007.03.006	2007
	Chromogenic hydroxyanthraquinone-based enzyme substrates for the detection of microbial beta-d-galactosidase, beta-d-glucuronidase and beta-d-ribosidase.	Burton M, Garcha A, Marrs ECL, Perry JD, Stanforth SP, Turnbull G, Turner HJ.	RSC Adv	10.1039/d4ra06418f	2025
	Preparation and Biochemical and Microbial Behavior of Poly(Lactide) Composites with Polyethersulfone and Copper-Complexed Cellulose Phosphate.	Kudzin MH, Mrozinska Z, Kaczmarek A, Chrusciel JJ, Gloc M, Zylla R.	Materials (Basel)	10.3390/ma18132954	2025
	Synergistic Interactions among Vacuum, Solar Heating, and UV Irradiation Enhance the Lethality of Interplanetary Space.	Schuerger AC.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms12101976	2024
	Comparison of one-step with two-step production of Bacillus atrophaeus spores for use as bioindicators.	Stier P, Kulozik U.	Microbiologyopen	10.1002/mbo3.1332	2022
	Mechanisms of Sporicidal Activity Induced by Ionized Hydrogen Peroxide in the Spores of Bacillus atrophaeus.	Grimaldo MA, Mendell NL, Bopp NE, Bouyer DH, Mafra C.	Appl Biosaf	10.1089/apb.20.0060	2021
Genetics	Effects of simulated space environmental conditions on cleanroom microbes.	Cassilly CD, Chander AM, Vaughn JA, Kunstman KJ, Green SJ, Venkateswaran K, Bertone PF, Bahr CW, Marcella SA, Morris HC.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2025.1600106	2025
	Comparative Assessment of Pulsed and Continuous LED UV-A Lighting for Disinfection of Contaminated Surfaces.	Kvam E, Davis B, Benner K.	Life (Basel)	10.3390/life12111747	2022
	Use of semi-permeable bag materials to facilitate on-site treatment of biological agent-contaminated waste.	Lemieux P, Touati A, Sawyer J, Aslett D, Serre S, Pourdeyhimi B, Grondin P, McArthur T, Abdel-Hady A, Monge M.	Waste Manag	10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.006	2024
	Effect of oxygen on the germination and culturability of Bacillus atrophaeus spores.	Wu WJ, Chang J.	Int Microbiol	10.1007/s10123-021-00229-2	2022
	Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor Decontamination of Hazard Group 3 Bacteria and Viruses in a Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory.	Falaise C, Bouvattier C, Larigauderie G, Lafontaine V, Berchebru L, Marangon A, Vaude-Lauthier V, Raynaud F, Taysse L.	Appl Biosaf	10.1089/apb.2021.0022	2022
	Passenger vehicle interior decontamination by low concentration hydrogen peroxide vapor following a wide area biological contamination incident.	Oudejans L, Richter W, Sunderman M, Calfee MW, Mickelsen RL, Hofacre K, Keyes P, Lee SD.	J Appl Microbiol	10.1093/jambio/lxad039	2023
	Heat inactivation of stable proteinaceous particles for future sample return mission architecture.	Seto EP, Hirsch AL, Schubert WW, Chandramowlishwaran P, Chernoff YO.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2022.911091	2022
	Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus atrophaeus spores on different surfaces with ultraviolet light produced with a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp or light emitting diodes.	Wood JP, Archer J, Calfee MW, Serre S, Mickelsen L, Mikelonis A, Oudejans L, Hu M, Hurst S, Rastogi VK.	J Appl Microbiol	10.1111/jam.14791	2021
	Effectiveness of formaldehyde in various soil types as a wide area decontamination approach for Bacillus anthracis spores.	Richter W, Sunderman M, Willenberg Z, Calfee M, Serre S, Wood JP.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0277941	2022
	The Use of UVC Irradiation to Sterilize Filtering Facepiece Masks Limiting Airborne Cross-Infection.	Kierat W, Augustyn W, Koper P, Pawlyta M, Chrusciel A, Wyrwol B.	Int J Environ Res Public Health	10.3390/ijerph17207396	2020
	Rainfall Washoff of Spores From Concrete and Asphalt Surfaces.	Mikelonis AM, Calfee MW, Lee SD, Touati A, Ratliff K.	Water Resour Res	10.1029/2020wr028533	2021
	Application of Rapid Biological Indicators Coupled With Auto-Reader for the Quality Assurance of Surgical Instruments After Sterilization at a Cardiac Hospital in Bangladesh.	Zaman SU, Sadia I, Yasmin N, Islam KN, Rahman MM, Haq A, Mou TJ, Azmuda N, Haque M, Adnan N.	Cureus	10.7759/cureus.19428	2021
	Innovative Processing and Sterilization Techniques to Unlock the Potential of Silk Sericin for Biomedical Applications.	Veiga A, Ramirez-Jimenez RA, Santos-Rosales V, Garcia-Gonzalez CA, Aguilar MR, Rojo L, Oliveira AL.	Gels	10.3390/gels11020114	2025
	From Shadows to Spotlight: Enhancing Bacterial DNA Detection in Blood Samples through Cutting-Edge Molecular Pre-Amplification.	Reinicke M, Braun SD, Diezel C, Lemuth O, Engelmann I, Liebe T, Ehricht R.	Antibiotics (Basel)	10.3390/antibiotics13020161	2024
	Non-Sterile Gloves as a Source of Radiation-Tolerant Microorganisms.	Cabeau C, Bolle-Reddat R, Hauschild J, McDonnell G.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms11122859	2023
	Submerged Bioreactor Production of Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 7953 Spores for Use as Bioindicators to Validate Hydrogen Peroxide Inactivation Processes.	Stier P, Kulozik U.	Methods Protoc	10.3390/mps4030063	2021
	Fluorescence Methods for the Detection of Bioaerosols in Their Civil and Military Applications.	Kwasny M, Bombalska A, Kaliszewski M, Wlodarski M, Kopczynski K.	Sensors (Basel)	10.3390/s23063339	2023
	The Potential of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas for the Direct Degradation of Organic Pollutants Derived from the Food Production Industry	Cyganowski P, Terefinko D, Motyka-Pomagruk A, Babinska-Wensierska W, Khan M, Klis T, Sledz W, Lojkowska E, Jamroz P, Pohl P, Caban M, Magureanu M, Dzimitrowicz A.	Molecules		2024
	Experimental Study to Develop a Method for Improving Sample Collection to Monitor Laryngoscopes after Reprocessing.	Ditommaso S, Giacomuzzi M, Ricciardi E, Zotti C.	Clin Endosc	10.5946/ce.2018.012	2018
	Comparison of surface sampling methods for an extended duration outdoor biological contamination study.	Mikelonis AM, Abdel-Hady A, Aslett D, Ratliff K, Touati A, Archer J, Serre S, Mickelsen L, Taft S, Calfee MW.	Environ Monit Assess	10.1007/s10661-020-08434-8	2020
	Assessment of Microbial Reduction by Cage Washing and Thermal Disinfection using Quantitative Biologic Indicators for Spores, Viruses and Vegetative Bacteria.	Mocho JP, Coutot R, Douglas M, Szpiro L, Bouchami D, Durimel L, Moules V, Hardy P.	J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci	10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000026	2021
	Evaluation of supercritical CO₂ sterilization efficacy for sanitizing personal protective equipment from the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.	Bennet D, Harris AF, Lacombe J, Brooks C, Bionda N, Strickland AD, Eisenhut T, Zenhausern F.	Sci Total Environ	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146519	2021
	Morphological, Release and Antibacterial Performances of Amoxicillin-Loaded Cellulose Aerogels.	Ye S, He S, Su C, Jiang L, Wen Y, Zhu Z, Shao W.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules23082082	2018
Metabolism	Levels and Characteristics of mRNAs in Spores of Firmicute Species.	Byrd B, Camilleri E, Korza G, Craft DL, Green J, Rocha Granados M, Mok WWK, Caimano MJ, Setlow P.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.00017-21	2021
	Monitoring spore washoff during a biological contamination incident response using automated stormwater samplers and sensors to predict contamination movement.	Mikelonis AM, Hall J, Dunn CA, McArthur T, Wiley G, Hintz CL, Steenbock J, Serre S, Calfee MW, Pirhalla M.	Sci Total Environ	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165307	2023
	Advances in Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide Reusable Medical Device Sterilization Cycle Development: Technology Review and Patent Trends.	Karimi Estahbanati MR.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms11102566	2023
	Colony-Forming Unit Spreadplate Assay versus Liquid Culture Enrichment-Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Bacillus Endospores in Soils.	Griffin DW, Lisle JT, Feldhake D, Silvestri EE.	Geosciences (Basel)	10.3390/geosciences10010005	2019
	Plasma-Treated Air and Water-Assessment of Synergistic Antimicrobial Effects for Sanitation of Food Processing Surfaces and Environment.	Schnabel U, Handorf O, Yarova K, Zessin B, Zechlin S, Sydow D, Zellmer E, Stachowiak J, Andrasch M, Below H, Ehlbeck J.	Foods	10.3390/foods8020055	2019
	Decontamination of soil contaminated at the surface with Bacillus anthracis spores using dry thermal treatment.	Wood J, Touati A, Abdel-Hady A, Aslett D, Delafield F, Calfee W, Silvestri E, Serre S, Mickelsen L, Tomlinson C, Mikelonis A.	J Environ Manage	10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111684	2021
	Determining the Effectiveness of Decontamination with Ionized Hydrogen Peroxide.	Grimaldo MA, Bouyer DH, de Siqueira CLM.	Appl Biosaf	10.1177/1535676020935405	2020
	Genomic signatures of strain selection and enhancement in Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii, a historical biowarfare simulant.	Gibbons HS, Broomall SM, McNew LA, Daligault H, Chapman C, Bruce D, Karavis M, Krepps M, McGregor PA, Hong C, Park KH, Akmal A, Feldman A, Lin JS, Chang WE, Higgs BW, Demirev P, Lindquist J, Liem A, Fochler E, Read TD, Tapia R, Johnson S, Bishop-Lilly KA, Detter C, Han C, Sozhamannan S, Rosenzweig CN, Skowronski EW.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0017836	2011
	The Hitchhiker's Guide to Hydrogen Peroxide Fumigation, Part 2: Verifying and Validating Hydrogen Peroxide Fumigation Cycles.	Kumin D, Albert MG, Weber B, Summermatter K.	Appl Biosaf	10.1089/apb.21.921099	2021
Pathogenicity	Additional effects of silver nanoparticles on bactericidal efficiency depend on calcination temperature and dip-coating speed.	Le NT, Nagata H, Aihara M, Takahashi A, Okamoto T, Shimohata T, Mawatari K, Kinouchi Y, Akutagawa M, Haraguchi M.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00049-11	2011
	Quantification of both the presence, and oxidation state, of Mn in Bacillus atrophaeus spores and its imparting of magnetic susceptibility to the spores.	Sun J, Zborowski M, Chalmers JJ.	Biotechnol Bioeng	10.1002/bit.23034	2011
	Passive detection of biological aerosols in the atmosphere with a Fourier Transform Instrument (FTIR)--the results of the measurements in the laboratory and in the field.	Blecka MI, Rataj M, Szymanski G.	Orig Life Evol Biosph	10.1007/s11084-012-9288-z	2012
	Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from the Leaves, Stems, and Roots of Kadsura coccinea.	Zhao T, Ma C, Zhu G.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules26206259	2021
	Decontamination of Bacillus Spores with Formaldehyde Vapor under Varied Environmental Conditions.	Choi YW, Sunderman MM, McCauley MW, Richter WR, Willenberg ZJ, Wood J, Serre S, Mickelsen L, Willison S, Rupert R, Muniz-Ortiz JG, Casey S, Calfee MW.	Appl Biosaf	10.1089/apb.21.926975	2021
	Iturinic Lipopeptide Diversity in the Bacillus subtilis Species Group - Important Antifungals for Plant Disease Biocontrol Applications.	Dunlap CA, Bowman MJ, Rooney AP.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2019.01794	2019
	A pilot study on using chlorine dioxide gas for disinfection of gastrointestinal endoscopes.	Yi Y, Hao LM, Ma SR, Wu JH, Wang T, Lin S, Zhang ZX, Qi JC.	J Zhejiang Univ Sci B	10.1631/jzus.b1500327	2016
	A study of the properties of chlorine dioxide gas as a fumigant.	Shirasaki Y, Matsuura A, Uekusa M, Ito Y, Hayashi T.	Exp Anim	10.1538/expanim.15-0092	2016
	A Sensitive and Accurate Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Detection of the Primary Bacterial Pathogens Causing Bovine Respiratory Disease.	Conrad CC, Daher RK, Stanford K, Amoako KK, Boissinot M, Bergeron MG, Alexander T, Cook S, Ralston B, Zaheer R, Niu YD, McAllister T.	Front Vet Sci	10.3389/fvets.2020.00208	2020
Pathogenicity	A simple decontamination approach using hydrogen peroxide vapour for Bacillus anthracis spore inactivation.	Wood JP, Calfee MW, Clayton M, Griffin-Gatchalian N, Touati A, Ryan S, Mickelsen L, Smith L, Rastogi V.	J Appl Microbiol	10.1111/jam.13284	2016
Metabolism	Characterization of AmiBA2446, a novel bacteriolytic enzyme active against Bacillus species.	Mehta KK, Paskaleva EE, Azizi-Ghannad S, Ley DJ, Page MA, Dordick JS, Kane RS.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02235-13	2013
Pathogenicity	Impact of chlorine dioxide gas sterilization on nosocomial organism viability in a hospital room.	Lowe JJ, Gibbs SG, Iwen PC, Smith PW, Hewlett AL.	Int J Environ Res Public Health	10.3390/ijerph10062596	2013
	GS-2: A Novel Broad-Spectrum Agent for Environmental Microbial Control.	Mayfosh AJ, Day ZI, Unsworth NB, Liu CQ, Gupta R, Haynes S, Abraham R, Abraham S, Shaw ZL, Walia S, Elbourne A, Hulett MD, Rau TF.	Biomolecules	10.3390/biom12091293	2022
Phylogeny	Clear distinction between Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei using fluorescent motB primers.	Schmoock G, Elschner M, Sprague LD.	Acta Vet Scand	10.1186/s13028-015-0104-4	2015
Pathogenicity	Cold atmospheric air plasma sterilization against spores and other microorganisms of clinical interest.	Klampfl TG, Isbary G, Shimizu T, Li YF, Zimmermann JL, Stolz W, Schlegel J, Morfill GE, Schmidt HU.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00583-12	2012
	Rapid Turbidimetric Assay to Determine the Potency of Daptomycin in Lyophilized Powder.	Totoli EG, Salgado HR.	Pharmaceutics	10.3390/pharmaceutics7030106	2015
	Evaluation of the sterilization efficacy of domestic electric drills used in orthopaedic surgeries.	Goveia VR, Pinto FM, Machoshvili IA, Penna TC, Graziano KU.	Braz J Microbiol	10.1590/s1517-838220090003000016	2009
Enzymology	Rapid and efficient filtration-based procedure for separation and safe analysis of CBRN mixed samples.	Bentahir M, Laduron F, Irenge L, Ambroise J, Gala JL.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0088055	2014
	Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis spores to decontaminate subway railcar and related materials via the fogging of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide sporicidal liquids.	Richter WR, Wood JP, Wendling MQS, Rogers JV.	J Environ Manage	10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.027	2018
	Microbial inactivation for safe and rapid diagnostics of infectious samples.	Sagripanti JL, Hulseweh B, Grote G, Voss L, Bohling K, Marschall HJ.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.05553-11	2011
Enzymology	Development of quantitative real-time PCR assays for detection and quantification of surrogate biological warfare agents in building debris and leachate.	Saikaly PE, Barlaz MA, de Los Reyes FL.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00779-07	2007
	Design, construction and validation of a nose-only inhalation exposure system to measure infectivity of filtered bioaerosols in mice.	Stone BR, Heimbuch BK, Wu CY, Wander JD.	J Appl Microbiol	10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05403.x	2012
Enzymology	Evaluation of sampling methods for Bacillus spore-contaminated HVAC filters.	Calfee MW, Rose LJ, Tufts J, Morse S, Clayton M, Touati A, Griffin-Gatchalian N, Slone C, McSweeney N.	J Microbiol Methods	10.1016/j.mimet.2013.10.012	2014
	The effect of composition of parenteral solution on the thermal resistance of Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis spores.	Penna TC, Marques M, Machoshvili IA, Ishii M.	Appl Biochem Biotechnol	10.1385/abab:98-100:1-9:539	2002
	A Comprehensive Analysis of the UVC LEDs' Applications and Decontamination Capability.	Nicolau T, Gomes Filho N, Padrao J, Zille A.	Materials (Basel)	10.3390/ma15082854	2022
Enzymology	Evaluating Composite Sampling Methods of Bacillus Spores at Low Concentrations.	Hess BM, Amidan BG, Anderson KK, Hutchison JR.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0164582	2016
	Reduced Susceptibility and Increased Resistance of Bacteria against Disinfectants: A Systematic Review.	Rozman U, Pusnik M, Kmetec S, Duh D, Sostar Turk S.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms9122550	2021
Pathogenicity	Evaluating the formulae for integrated lethality in ethylene oxide sterilization using six different endospore forming strains of bacteria, and comparisons of integrated lethality for ethylene oxide and steam systems.	Mosley GA, Gillis JR, Krushefski G.	PDA J Pharm Sci Technol		2005
	Quantitative and Fast Sterility Assurance Testing of Surfaces by Enumeration of Germinable Endospores.	Yung PT, Lester E, Ponce A.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-019-57175-3	2020
	Low-temperature decontamination with hydrogen peroxide or chlorine dioxide for space applications.	Pottage T, Macken S, Giri K, Walker JT, Bennett AM.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.07948-11	2012
	Contribution of spores to the ability of Clostridium difficile to adhere to surfaces.	Joshi LT, Phillips DS, Williams CF, Alyousef A, Baillie L.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01862-12	2012
	Plasma bioscience and its application to medicine	Choi E, Uhm H, Kaushik N.	AAPPS Bulletin		2021
	Evaluation of standardized sample collection, packaging, and decontamination procedures to assess cross-contamination potential during Bacillus anthracis incident response operations.	Calfee MW, Tufts J, Meyer K, McConkey K, Mickelsen L, Rose L, Dowell C, Delaney L, Weber A, Morse S, Chaitram J, Gray M.	J Occup Environ Hyg	10.1080/15459624.2016.1200725	2016
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation is potentiated by the addition of selenocyanate: Possible involvement of selenocyanogen?	Huang L, Xuan W, Zadlo A, Kozinska A, Sarna T, Hamblin MR.	J Biophotonics	10.1002/jbio.201800029	2018
Stress	Peracetic acid: a practical agent for sterilizing heat-labile polymeric tissue-engineering scaffolds.	Yoganarasimha S, Trahan WR, Best AM, Bowlin GL, Kitten TO, Moon PC, Madurantakam PA.	Tissue Eng Part C Methods	10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0624	2014
	A Novel Cell Type Enables B. subtilis to Escape from Unsuccessful Sporulation in Minimal Medium.	Defeu Soufo HJ.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2016.01810	2016
Enzymology	Use of a foam spatula for sampling surfaces after bioaerosol deposition.	Lewandowski R, Kozlowska K, Szpakowska M, Stepinska M, Trafny EA.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01849-09	2010
	Immune response in piglets orally immunized with recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2.	Zhang S, Mou C, Cao Y, Zhang E, Yang Q.	Cell Commun Signal	10.1186/s12964-020-0514-4	2020
	Fast sterility assessment by germinable-endospore biodosimetry.	Yung PT, Ponce A.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01437-08	2008
	Degradation kinetics of cold plasma-treated antibiotics and their antimicrobial activity.	Sarangapani C, Ziuzina D, Behan P, Boehm D, Gilmore BF, Cullen PJ, Bourke P.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-019-40352-9	2019
Metabolism	Modified Bacteriophage S16 Long Tail Fiber Proteins for Rapid and Specific Immobilization and Detection of Salmonella Cells.	Denyes JM, Dunne M, Steiner S, Mittelviefhaus M, Weiss A, Schmidt H, Klumpp J, Loessner MJ.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00277-17	2017
Enzymology	Evaluation of a wipe surface sample method for collection of Bacillus spores from nonporous surfaces.	Brown GS, Betty RG, Brockmann JE, Lucero DA, Souza CA, Walsh KS, Boucher RM, Tezak M, Wilson MC, Rudolph T.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01082-06	2007
	Applications of a rapid endospore viability assay for monitoring UV inactivation and characterizing arctic ice cores.	Shafaat HS, Ponce A.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00255-06	2006
Enzymology	Sensitive and Specific Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assays for Fast Screening, Detection, and Identification of Bacillus anthracis in a Field Setting.	Bentahir M, Ambroise J, Delcorps C, Pilo P, Gala JL.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00506-18	2018
Metabolism	The high-resolution architecture and structural dynamics of Bacillus spores.	Plomp M, Leighton TJ, Wheeler KE, Malkin AJ.	Biophys J	10.1529/biophysj.104.049312	2005
	Multiplex qPCR for reliable detection and differentiation of Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei.	Janse I, Hamidjaja RA, Hendriks AC, van Rotterdam BJ.	BMC Infect Dis	10.1186/1471-2334-13-86	2013
	Biocidal efficacy, biofilm-controlling function, and controlled release effect of chloromelamine-based bioresponsive fibrous materials.	Chen Z, Luo J, Sun Y.	Biomaterials	10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.12.001	2007
Pathogenicity	Decontamination options for Bacillus anthracis-contaminated drinking water determined from spore surrogate studies.	Raber E, Burklund A.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01136-10	2010
	In vitro high-resolution structural dynamics of single germinating bacterial spores.	Plomp M, Leighton TJ, Wheeler KE, Hill HD, Malkin AJ.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.0610626104	2007
	Microbial Biofilm Decontamination on Dental Implant Surfaces: A Mini Review.	Dhaliwal JS, Abd Rahman NA, Ming LC, Dhaliwal SKS, Knights J, Albuquerque Junior RF.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2021.736186	2021
	Fighting Ebola with novel spore decontamination technologies for the military.	Doona CJ, Feeherry FE, Kustin K, Olinger GG, Setlow P, Malkin AJ, Leighton T.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2015.00663	2015
Enzymology	Evaluation of applicability of the Sartorius Airport MD8 sampler for detection of Bacillus endospores in indoor air.	Lewandowski R, Kozlowska K, Szpakowska M, Trafny EA.	Environ Monit Assess	10.1007/s10661-012-2807-6	2013
	Solvent removal and spore inactivation directly in dispensing vials with supercritical carbon dioxide and sterilant.	Howell J, Niu F, McCabe SE, Zhou W, Decedue CJ.	AAPS PharmSciTech	10.1208/s12249-012-9777-4	2012
Enzymology	Comparative evaluation of vacuum-based surface sampling methods for collection of Bacillus spores.	Calfee MW, Rose LJ, Morse S, Mattorano D, Clayton M, Touati A, Griffin-Gatchalian N, Slone C, McSweeney N.	J Microbiol Methods	10.1016/j.mimet.2013.10.015	2013
	Emulating native periosteum cell population and subsequent paracrine factor production to promote tissue engineered periosteum-mediated allograft healing.	Hoffman MD, Benoit DS.	Biomaterials	10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.064	2015
	Validation of a Clostridium endospore viability assay and analysis of Greenland ices and Atacama Desert soils.	Yang WW, Ponce A.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01966-10	2011
	Inactivation of Bacillus endospores in envelopes by electron beam irradiation.	Helfinstine SL, Vargas-Aburto C, Uribe RM, Woolverton CJ.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.71.11.7029-7032.2005	2005
Phylogeny	Francisella tularensis molecular typing using differential insertion sequence amplification.	Larson MA, Fey PD, Bartling AM, Iwen PC, Dempsey MP, Francesconi SC, Hinrichs SH.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.00033-11	2011
Metabolism	Suspension array analysis of 16S rRNA from Fe- and SO(4)2- reducing bacteria in uranium-contaminated sediments undergoing bioremediation.	Chandler DP, Jarrell AE, Roden ER, Golova J, Chernov B, Schipma MJ, Peacock AD, Long PE.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02858-05	2006
Enzymology	Bioaerosol mass spectrometry for rapid detection of individual airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra particles.	Tobias HJ, Schafer MP, Pitesky M, Fergenson DP, Horn J, Frank M, Gard EE.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.71.10.6086-6095.2005	2005
	Phage therapy and photodynamic therapy: low environmental impact approaches to inactivate microorganisms in fish farming plants.	Almeida A, Cunha A, Gomes NC, Alves E, Costa L, Faustino MA.	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md7030268	2009
	Bacterial and fungal bioburden reduction on material surfaces using various sterilization techniques suitable for spacecraft decontamination.	Kimura S, Ishikawa S, Hayashi N, Fujita K, Inatomi Y, Suzuki S.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1253436	2023
Genetics	Analysis of the Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus atrophaeus GQJK17 Reveals Its Biocontrol Characteristics as a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium.	Ma J, Wang C, Wang H, Liu K, Zhang T, Yao L, Zhao Z, Du B, Ding Y.	Biomed Res Int	10.1155/2018/9473542	2018
	Impact of lifestyle on cytochrome P450 monooxygenase repertoire is clearly evident in the bacterial phylum Firmicutes.	Padayachee T, Nzuza N, Chen W, Nelson DR, Syed K.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-020-70686-8	2020
Metabolism	Comparative Analyses of Cytochrome P450s and Those Associated with Secondary Metabolism in Bacillus Species.	Mthethwa BC, Chen W, Ngwenya ML, Kappo AP, Syed PR, Karpoormath R, Yu JH, Nelson DR, Syed K.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms19113623	2018
	Bacillus subtilis Type I antitoxin SR6 Promotes Degradation of Toxin yonT mRNA and Is Required to Prevent Toxic yoyJ Overexpression.	Reif C, Loser C, Brantl S.	Toxins (Basel)	10.3390/toxins10020074	2018
Enzymology	Rapid concentration and molecular enrichment approach for sensitive detection of Escherichia coli and Shigella species in potable water samples.	Maheux AF, Bissonnette L, Boissinot M, Bernier JL, Huppe V, Picard FJ, Berube E, Bergeron MG.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02337-10	2011
Pathogenicity	Effect of peracetic acid on ascospore-forming molds and test microorganisms used for bio-validations of sanitizing processes in food plants.	Scaramuzza N, Mutti P, Cigarini M, Berni E	Int J Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108772	2020
Metabolism	ytiB and ythA Genes Reduce the Uranium Removal Capacity of Bacillus atrophaeus.	Wang L, Xiao S, Chen X, Chen S, Wang S, Wang C, Tang Y, Dong F	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms20071766	2019
Pathogenicity	Influence of spore and carrier material surface hydrophobicity on decontamination efficacy with condensing hydrogen peroxide vapour.	Eschlbeck E, Seeburger C, Kulozik U	J Appl Microbiol	10.1111/jam.13695	2018
	Is the Stella 5L system an effective cold sterilization technique for needle-based confocal miniprobes?	Wang CX, Chen YY, Yang F, Yang F, Guo JT, Sun S, Fan L	Endosc Ultrasound	10.4103/eus.eus_39_17	2017
Pathogenicity	Action of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on heterotypic biofilm: Candida albicans and Bacillus atrophaeus.	Silva MP, dos Santos TA, de Barros PP, de Camargo Ribeiro F, Junqueira JC, Jorge AO	Lasers Med Sci	10.1007/s10103-016-1876-0	2016
Pathogenicity	Fast and effective inactivation of Bacillus atrophaeus endospores using light-activated derivatives of vitamin B2.	Eichner A, Gollmer A, Spath A, Baumler W, Regensburger J, Konig B, Maisch T	Photochem Photobiol Sci	10.1039/c4pp00285g	2015
Pathogenicity	Decontamination of a hospital room using gaseous chlorine dioxide: Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, and Yersinia pestis.	Lowe JJ, Gibbs SG, Iwen PC, Smith PW, Hewlett AL	J Occup Environ Hyg	10.1080/15459624.2013.818241	2013
Biotechnology	Relations between phenotypic changes of spores and biofilm production by Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC 9372 growing in solid-state fermentation.	Sella SR, Guizelini BP, Gouvea PM, Figueiredo LF, Ribeiro CA, Vandenberghe LP, Minozzo JC, Soccol CR	Arch Microbiol	10.1007/s00203-012-0815-0	2012
Pathogenicity	Synthesis and antibacterial activity of aminosugar-functionalized intercalating agents.	Shi W, Marcus SL, Lowary TL	Carbohydr Res	10.1016/j.carres.2009.10.010	2009
Pathogenicity	Sterilization of medical devices by ethylene oxide, determination of the dissipation of residues, and use of Green Fluorescent Protein as an indicator of process control.	Dias FN, Ishii M, Nogaroto SL, Piccini B, Penna TC	J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater	10.1002/jbm.b.31438	2009
	Increase in the ozone decay time in acidic ozone water and its effects on sterilization of biological warfare agents.	Uhm HS, Hong YF, Lee HY, Park YH	J Hazard Mater	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.056	2009
Stress	Determination of lethality rate constants and D-values for Bacillus atrophaeus (ATCC 9372) spores exposed to dry heat from 115 degrees C to 170 degrees C.	Kempf MJ, Schubert WW, Beaudet RA	Astrobiology	10.1089/ast.2007.0208	2008
Metabolism	Biosurfactant production by cultivation of Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC 9372 in semidefined glucose/casein-based media.	das Neves LC, de Oliveira KS, Kobayashi MJ, Penna TC, Converti A	Appl Biochem Biotechnol	10.1007/s12010-007-9078-7	2007
Pathogenicity	Sterilization by pure oxygen plasma and by oxygen-hydrogen peroxide plasma: an efficacy study.	Boscariol MR, Moreira AJ, Mansano RD, Kikuchi IS, Pinto TJ	Int J Pharm	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.11.059	2007
Pathogenicity	Comparative sterilization effectiveness of plasma in O2-H2O2 mixtures and ethylene oxide treatment.	Silva JM, Moreira AJ, Oliveira DC, Bonato CB, Mansano RD, Pinto TJ	PDA J Pharm Sci Technol		2007
Pathogenicity	Role of pigmentation in protecting Bacillus sp. endospores against environmental UV radiation.	Moeller R, Horneck G, Facius R, Stackebrandt E	FEMS Microbiol Ecol	10.1016/j.femsec.2004.08.008	2005
Pathogenicity	Sporicidal activity in liquid chemical products to sterilize or high-level disinfect medical and dental instruments.	Acosta-Gio AE, Rueda-Patino JL, Sanchez-Perez L	Am J Infect Control	10.1016/j.ajic.2004.10.005	2005
Pathogenicity	Evaluation of Blow/Fill/Seal extrusion through processing polymer contaminated with bacterial spores and endotoxin.	Leo F, Poisson P, Sinclair CS, Tallentire A	PDA J Pharm Sci Technol		2004
Phylogeny	Detection of molecular diversity in Bacillus atrophaeus by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis.	Burke SA, Wright JD, Robinson MK, Bronk BV, Warren RL	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/AEM.70.5.2786-2790.2004	2004
Phylogeny	Reclassification of bioindicator strains Bacillus subtilis DSM 675 and Bacillus subtilis DSM 2277 as Bacillus atrophaeus.	Fritze D, Pukall R	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/00207713-51-1-35	2001

References

#356	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 675
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#41081	; Curators of the CIP;
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#68371	Automatically annotated from API 50CH acid .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#116543	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 77.18
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

Rate our new design

Content

About us

Bacillus atrophaeus (DSM 675, ATCC 9372, CIP 77.18)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Culture pH

Physiology and metabolism

Spore formation

Compound production

Halophily

Metabolite utilization

Metabolite production

Metabolite tests

Enzymes

API zym

API 50CHac

API biotype100

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Taxonmaps

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_000165925

16S sequences

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

BacDive

Help

Social Media