"Sapromyces laidlawii" (DSM 23060, ATCC 23206, CIP 75.27)

BacDive ID 97

Type strain

Strain Designation PG 8, PG8

Culture col. no. DSM 23060 ATCC 23206 CIP 75.27 IFO (now NBRC) 14400 NCTC 10116 3 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 2148

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG CIP

History <- CIP; CIP 75.27 <- ATCC; ATCC 23206 <- Natl. Inst. Med. Res., London; PG 8 <- P. P. Laidlaw and W. J. Elford; CIP <- 1975, ATCC <- E.A. Freundt: strain PG8 <- Nat. Inst. Med. Res. A <- P.P. Laidlaw and W.J. Elford

Links

"Sapromyces laidlawii" PG 8 is a mesophilic, Gram-negative animal pathogen that was isolated from sewage.

Gram-negative mesophilic animal pathogen genome sequence 16S sequence

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 37937

ATCC 23206,NCTC 10116,CCUG 32754,IFO 14400,IMET 10894,NBRC 14400,CIP 75.27,DSM 23060

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-02-09 11:17:47

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Mycoplasmatota

Class Mollicutes

Order Acholeplasmatales

Family Acholeplasmataceae

Genus "Sapromyces"

Species "Sapromyces laidlawii"

Full scientific name Sapromyces laidlawii corrig. Sabin 1941

Synonyms (3)

"Sapromyces laidlawi"
Acholeplasma laidlawii
"Mycoplasma laidlawii"

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Motility	Confidence	Gram stain
120550			negative
125438		93

Colony morphology

16683

Incubation period1-2 days

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
16683	SP4-Z MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 1076b)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: SP4-Z MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 1076b) Composition: Agar 10.0 g/l Tryptone 10.0 g/l Bacto peptone 5.0 g/l PPLO broth 3.5 g/l Urea 2.0 g/l Glucose 1.0 g/l None 1.0 g/l Yeast extract 0.4 g/l DNA 0.2 g/l CMRL 1066 Fetal bovine serum Swine serum Distilled water
32774	MEDIUM 88 - for Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma		Distilled water make up to (670.000 ml);PPLO broth (17.000 g);Sterile supplement - M00273 (210.000 ml);Yeast extract solution 25 % - M00263 (100.000 ml);0.1 % Phenol red - M00387 (20.000 ml)
120550	CIP Medium 88	Medium recipe at CIP
120550	CIP Medium 749	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)	Range
16683	positive	growth	37	mesophilic
32774	positive	growth	37	mesophilic

Physiology and metabolism

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Engineered	#Waste	#Wastewater

Isolation

@ref	Sample type
16683	sewage
120550	Environment, Sewage

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence U14905 (>99% sequence identity) for Acholeplasma laidlawii subclade from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	5
Soil Samples
Animal Samples	16
Plant Samples	1
Total Samples	22

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Pathogenicity animal	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
16683		2	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
120550		1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	50465_E02 assembly for Acholeplasma laidlawii NCTC10116	complete	GCA_900476025	2148.13	2826166747	2148	99.38
66792	ASM338576v1 assembly for Acholeplasma laidlawii DSM 23060	scaffold	GCA_003385765	2148.14	2757320367	2148	78.37

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
20218	Acholeplasma laidlawii 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer, complete sequence; and 23S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AF294996	664	2148
20218	Acholeplasma laidlawii strain ATCC 23206 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer, complete sequence; and 23S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AY740436	769	2148
20218	Acholeplasma laidlawii strain ATCC 23206 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer, complete sequence; and 23S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AY740437	978	2148
20218	Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8 ATCC 23206 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	U14905	1476	2148

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Acholeplasma laidlawii strain NCTC10116
PATRIC: 2148.13

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	89.90	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	53.70	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	negative	81.90	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	aerobe	63.90	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Acholeplasma laidlawii NCTC10116
NCBI: GCA_900476025.1

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	64.38	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	77.75	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	90.01	no
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	82.57	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	97.00	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	93.00	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Genetics	An Expanded Genetic Toolbox to Accelerate the Creation of Acholeplasma laidlawii Driven by Synthetic Genomes.	Nucifora DP, Mehta ND, Giguere DJ, Karas BJ.	ACS Synth Biol	10.1021/acssynbio.3c00399	2024
	Development of a multiplex qPCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma species, and Acholeplasma laidlawii in milk.	Chauhan K, Aly SS, Lehenbauer TW, Tonooka KH, Glenn K, Rossitto P, Marco ML.	PeerJ	10.7717/peerj.11881	2021
	Comparison of Five Commercial Molecular Assays for Mycoplasma Testing of Cellular Therapy Products.	Totten AH, Adams AJ, Halas HK, Gebo JET, East AD, Lau AF.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01498-22	2023
	Medical Applications of Metallic Bismuth Nanoparticles.	Gomez C, Hallot G, Laurent S, Port M.	Pharmaceutics	10.3390/pharmaceutics13111793	2021
	Sterility Testing for Cellular Therapies: What Is the Role of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory?	Gebo JET, Lau AF.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01492-19	2020
	Evaluation of three commercial kits for mycoplasma NAT assays: selection and quality improvement.	Dorange F, Le Goff F, Dumey N.	BMC Proc	10.1186/1753-6561-5-s8-p127	2011
Pathogenicity	Effects of synthetic cecropin analogs on in vitro growth of Acholeplasma laidlawii.	Borth WB, Jones VP, Ullman DE, Hu JS.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.45.6.1894-1895.2001	2001
Enzymology	Simultaneous detection and identification of common cell culture contaminant and pathogenic mollicutes strains by reverse line blot hybridization.	Wang H, Kong F, Jelfs P, James G, Gilbert GL.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.70.3.1483-1486.2004	2004
Pathogenicity	Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein inhibits growth of a strain of Acholeplasma laidlawii and L forms of the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.	Horwitz AH, Williams RE, Liu PS, Nadell R.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.43.9.2314	1999
Enzymology	A European interlaboratory trial to evaluate the performance of different PCR methods for Mycoplasma bovis diagnosis.	Wisselink HJ, Smid B, Plater J, Ridley A, Andersson AM, Aspan A, Pohjanvirta T, Vahanikkila N, Larsen H, Hogberg J, Colin A, Tardy F.	BMC Vet Res	10.1186/s12917-019-1819-7	2019
	Rapid PCR Detection of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum.	Cunningham SA, Mandrekar JN, Rosenblatt JE, Patel R.	Int J Bacteriol	10.1155/2013/168742	2013
	Real-time PCR assay is superior to other methods for the detection of mycoplasma contamination in the cell lines of the National Cell Bank of Iran.	Molla Kazemiha V, Bonakdar S, Amanzadeh A, Azari S, Memarnejadian A, Shahbazi S, Shokrgozar MA, Mahdian R.	Cytotechnology	10.1007/s10616-015-9862-0	2016
Phylogeny	Species-specific PCR for identification of common contaminant mollicutes in cell culture.	Kong F, James G, Gordon S, Zelynski A, Gilbert GL.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.67.7.3195-3200.2001	2001
	Acholeplasma laidlawii has tRNA genes in the 16S-23S spacer of the rRNA operon.	Nakagawa T, Uemori T, Asada K, Kato I, Harasawa R.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.174.24.8163-8165.1992	1992
Enzymology	Tools for detection of Mycoplasma amphoriforme: a primary respiratory pathogen?	Ling CL, Oravcova K, Beattie TF, Creer DD, Dilworth P, Fulton NL, Hardie A, Munro M, Pond M, Templeton K, Webster D, Workman S, McHugh TD, Gillespie SH.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.03049-13	2014
	Specificity and Strain-Typing Capabilities of Nanorod Array-Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Mycoplasma pneumoniae Detection.	Henderson KC, Benitez AJ, Ratliff AE, Crabb DM, Sheppard ES, Winchell JM, Dluhy RA, Waites KB, Atkinson TP, Krause DC.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0131831	2015
	Acylated proteins in Acholeplasma laidlawii.	Dahl CE, Sacktor NC, Dahl JS.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.162.1.445-447.1985	1985
	PCR-based detection and eradication of mycoplasmal infections from various mammalian cell lines: a local experience.	Molla Kazemiha V, Shokrgozar MA, Arabestani MR, Shojaei Moghadam M, Azari S, Maleki S, Amanzadeh A, Jeddi Tehrani M, Shokri F.	Cytotechnology	10.1007/s10616-010-9252-6	2009
	Immunological cross-reactivity of a Mycoplasma pneumoniae membrane-associated protein antigen with Mycoplasma genitalium and Acholeplasma laidlawii.	Cimolai N, Bryan LE, To M, Woods DE.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.25.11.2136-2139.1987	1987
Enzymology	Diagnosis and differentiation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyorhinis infections in pigs by PCR amplification of the p36 and p46 genes.	Caron J, Ouardani M, Dea S.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.38.4.1390-1396.2000	2000
Enzymology	Selective detection of Mycoplasma fermentans by polymerase chain reaction and by using a nucleotide sequence within the insertion sequence-like element.	Wang RY, Hu WS, Dawson MS, Shih JW, Lo SC.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.30.1.245-248.1992	1992
	Crossed immunoelectrophoresis, in the presence of tween 20 or sodium deoxycholate, of purified membrane proteins from Acholeplasma laidlawii.	Johansson KE, Wroblewski H.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.136.1.324-330.1978	1978
Phylogeny	Detection and characterization of human Ureaplasma species and serovars by real-time PCR.	Xiao L, Glass JI, Paralanov V, Yooseph S, Cassell GH, Duffy LB, Waites KB.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01877-09	2010
Enzymology	Rapid, sensitive PCR-based detection of mycoplasmas in simulated samples of animal sera.	Dussurget O, Roulland-Dussoix D.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.60.3.953-959.1994	1994
	Species-specific monoclonal antibodies to Escherichia coli-expressed p36 cytosolic protein of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.	Caron J, Sawyer N, Ben Abdel Moumen B, Cheikh Saad Bouh K, Dea S.	Clin Diagn Lab Immunol	10.1128/cdli.7.4.528-535.2000	2000
Enzymology	Probable insensitivity of mollicutes to rifampin and characterization of spiroplasmal DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.	Gadeau AP, Mouches C, Bove JM.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.166.3.824-828.1986	1986
Phylogeny	Species identification and subtyping of Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum using PCR-based assays.	Kong F, Ma Z, James G, Gordon S, Gilbert GL.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.38.3.1175-1179.2000	2000
Enzymology	Mycoplasma penetrans and other mycoplasmas in urine of human immunodeficiency virus-positive children.	Hussain AI, Robson WL, Kelley R, Reid T, Gangemi JD.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.37.5.1518-1523.1999	1999
	Monoclonal antibodies to Escherichia coli-expressed P46 and P65 membranous proteins for specific immunodetection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in lungs of infected pigs.	Cheikh Saad Bouh K, Shareck F, Dea S.	Clin Diagn Lab Immunol	10.1128/cdli.10.3.459-468.2003	2003
	Detection and speciation of common cell culture mycoplasmas by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with biotin-avidin amplification and microporous membrane solid phase.	Gabridge MG, Lundin DJ, Gladd MF.	In Vitro Cell Dev Biol	10.1007/bf02623451	1986
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial activities of 81.723 hfu, a new pleuromutilin derivative.	Drews J, Georgopoulos A, Laber G, Schutze E, Unger J.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.7.5.507	1975
	Sequence and TnphoA analysis of a Mycoplasma hyorhinis protein with membrane export function.	Yogev D, Watson-McKown R, McIntosh MA, Wise KS.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.173.6.2035-2044.1991	1991
	A comparative in silico analysis of the vlhA gene regions of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae isolates from commercial hen farms in Mexico	Maya-Rodriguez L, Gomez-Verduzco G, Trigo-Tavera F, Moreno-Fierros L, Rojas-Trejo V, Miranda-Morales R.	Access Microbiol		2025
	Lignicolous freshwater fungi in Yunnan Province, China: an overview.	Shen HW, Bao DF, Bhat DJ, Su HY, Luo ZL.	Mycology	10.1080/21501203.2022.2058638	2022
	World Health Organization International Standard To Harmonize Assays for Detection of Mycoplasma DNA.	Nubling CM, Baylis SA, Hanschmann KM, Montag-Lessing T, Chudy M, Kress J, Ulrych U, Czurda S, Rosengarten R, Mycoplasma Collaborative Study Group.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01150-15	2015
Metabolism	The identification and characterization of IbpA, a novel alpha-crystallin-type heat shock protein from mycoplasma.	Vishnyakov IE, Levitskii SA, Manuvera VA, Lazarev VN, Ayala JA, Ivanov VA, Snigirevskaya ES, Komissarchik YY, Borchsenius SN.	Cell Stress Chaperones	10.1007/s12192-011-0297-z	2012
Enzymology	Detection of Mycoplasma anatis, M. anseris, M. cloacale and Mycoplasma sp. 1220 in waterfowl using species-specific PCR assays.	Grozner D, Sulyok KM, Kreizinger Z, Ronai Z, Janosi S, Turcsanyi I, Karolyi HF, Kovacs AB, Kiss MJ, Volokhov D, Gyuranecz M.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0219071	2019
	Freshwater Fungi as a Source of Chemical Diversity: A Review.	El-Elimat T, Raja HA, Figueroa M, Al Sharie AH, Bunch RL, Oberlies NH.	J Nat Prod	10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01340	2021
Enzymology	A novel polymerase chain reaction assay to detect Mycoplasma genitalium.	Eastick K, Leeming JP, Caul EO, Horner PJ, Millar MR.	Mol Pathol	10.1136/mp.56.1.25	2003
Enzymology	Differential inhibition of mollicute growth: an approach to development of selective media for specific mollicutes.	Keceli SA, Miles RJ.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.68.10.5012-5016.2002	2002
	Standard requirement of a microbiological quality control program for the manufacture of human mesenchymal stem cells for clinical use.	Galvez P, Clares B, Bermejo M, Hmadcha A, Soria B.	Stem Cells Dev	10.1089/scd.2013.0625	2014
	Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction and nonradioactive hybridization in microtiter plates.	Luneberg E, Jensen JS, Frosch M.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.31.5.1088-1094.1993	1993
Enzymology	Mycoplasmas in cell cultures from rheumatoid synovial membranes.	Fraser KB, Shirodaria PV, Haire M, Middleton D.	J Hyg (Lond)	10.1017/s0022172400021203	1971
Enzymology	Sensitive and selective detection of mycoplasma in cell culture samples using cantilever sensors.	Xu S, Sharma H, Mutharasan R	Biotechnol Bioeng	10.1002/bit.22637	2010
Metabolism	[The phenotypic traits of Mollicutes as their possible phylogenetic markers].	Skrypal' IH, Onyshchenko AM, Malynovs'ka LP, Tokovenko IP, Havrylko LO	Mikrobiol Z		1995
Phylogeny	Possible monosaccharide composition of glycopolymers located on the external side of membranes of cells of some mollicutes.	Skripal' IG, Onishchenko AM, Gavrilko LO	Mikrobiol Z		1995
Enzymology	Human ureaplasmas show diverse genome sizes by pulsed-field electrophoresis.	Robertson JA, Pyle LE, Stemke GW, Finch LR	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/18.6.1451	1990
	Colony morphology, ultrastructure and morphogenesis in Mycoplasma hominis, Acholeplasma laidlawii and Ureaplasma urealyticum.	Meloni GA, Bertoloni G, Busolo F, Conventi L	J Gen Microbiol	10.1099/00221287-116-2-435	1980
Enzymology	[Characterization of Acholeplasma Strains by Horizontal Polyacrylamide Flat Gel Electrophoresis (author's transl)].	Boden K, Kirchhoff H	Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A		1977
	Peloplasma aerotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Anaerobic Free-Living Mollicute Isolated from a Terrestrial Mud Volcano.	Khomyakova MA, Merkel AY, Novikov AA, Slobodkin AI.	Life (Basel)	10.3390/life14050563	2024

References

#16683	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 23060
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#32774	; Curators of the CIP;
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#120550	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 75.27
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

Rate our new design

Content

About us

"Sapromyces laidlawii" (DSM 23060, ATCC 23206, CIP 75.27)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Taxonmaps

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_900476025

16S sequences

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

BacDive

Help

Social Media