Acetobacter xylinus (DSM 6513, ATCC 23767, BCC 7226)

Name: Acetobacter xylinus (DSM 6513, ATCC 23767, BCC 7226)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 88

Type strain

Culture col. no. DSM 6513 ATCC 23767 BCC 7226 JCM 7644 LMG 1515 10 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 1220579 28448

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM CIP

Links

Acetobacter xylinus DSM 6513 is a mesophilic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped prokaryote that was isolated from mountains ash berries.

Gram-negative rod-shaped mesophilic genome sequence 16S sequence

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 92679

LMG 1515,ATCC 23767,DSM 6513,LMG 1516,LMG 1533,LMG 1691,NCIB 11301,NCIB 11664,NCTC 4112,CCUG 37299,CIP 103107,JCM 7644,CCM 3611,CCRC 12952,IFO 15237,NCIMB 11301,NCIMB4112,CIP 57.14,CECT 315,NBRC 15237,BCRC 12952,BCC 7226,CGMCC 1.1812,VTT E-97831,CECT 7351,NCIMB 11664,NCTC 41124,NCIB 4112

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2025-12-16 09:46:46

Domain Pseudomonadati

Phylum Pseudomonadota

Class Alphaproteobacteria

Order Rhodospirillales

Family Acetobacteraceae

Genus Acetobacter

Species Acetobacter xylinus

Full scientific name Acetobacter xylinus corrig. (Brown 1886) Yamada 1984

Synonyms (8)

Acetobacter xylinum
Acetobacter aceti subsp. xylinus
"Komagatabacter xylinus"
"Bacterium xylinum"
Acetobacter aceti subsp. xylinum
Gluconoacetobacter xylinus
Gluconacetobacter xylinus
Komagataeibacter xylinus

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Confidence
124001	negative	rod-shaped
125438	negative		97
125439	negative		98.1

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
2710	YPM MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 360)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: YPM MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 360) Composition: Mannitol 25.0 g/l Agar 12.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l Peptone 3.0 g/l Distilled water
2710	GLUCONOBACTER OXYDANS MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 105)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: GLUCONOBACTER OXYDANS MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 105) Composition: Glucose 100.0 g/l CaCO3 20.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Yeast extract 10.0 g/l Distilled water
36961	MEDIUM 1 - for Acetobacter, Azotobacter, Gluconobacter, Gluconacetobacter, Mesorhizodium ciceri and Pseudomonas doudoroffii		Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Agar (15.000 g);Yeast extract (5.000 g);Peptone (3.000 g);Mannitol (25.000 g)
38117	MEDIUM 1 - for Acetobacter, Azotobacter, Gluconobacter, Gluconacetobacter, Mesorhizodium ciceri and Pseudomonas doudoroffii		Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Agar (15.000 g);Yeast extract (5.000 g);Peptone (3.000 g);Mannitol (25.000 g)
124001	CIP Medium 72	Medium recipe at CIP
124001	CIP Medium 1	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)	Range
2710	positive	growth	28	mesophilic
36961	positive	growth	30	mesophilic
38117	positive	growth	30	mesophilic
67770	positive	growth	30	mesophilic
124001	positive	growth	22-30
124001	negative	growth	10
124001	negative	growth	37
124001	negative	growth	41
124001	negative	growth	45

Physiology and metabolism

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125438		90.055
125439		97.4

Halophily

@ref	Salt	Growth	Tested relation	Concentration
124001	NaCl	positive	growth	0 %
124001	NaCl		growth	2 %
124001	NaCl		growth	4 %
124001	NaCl		growth	6 %
124001	NaCl		growth	8 %
124001	NaCl		growth	10 %

Observation

67770

Observationquinones: Q-10

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
124001	606565 ChEBI	hippurate	-	hydrolysis
124001	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
124001	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction

Antibiotic resistance

@ref	Metabolite	Is antibiotic	Is sensitive	Is resistant
124001	0129 (2,4-Diamino-6,7-di-iso-propylpteridine phosphate)

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
124001	35581 ChEBI	indole

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	-	3.1.3.2	from API zym
68382	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
68382	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API zym
124001	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
124001	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	-		from API zym
124001	gamma-glutamyltransferase	-	2.3.2.2
124001	gelatinase	-
68382	leucine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
124001	oxidase	-
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
124001	urease	+	3.5.1.5
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
124001	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Host	#Plants	#Shrub (Scrub)
#Host	#Plants	#Tree
#Host Body-Site	#Plant	#Fruit (Seed)

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Isolation date
2710	mountains ash berries
67770	Mountain ash berries
124001	Plant, Mountain ash berries	1896

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence X75619 (>99% sequence identity) for Komagataeibacter from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	523
Soil Samples	662
Animal Samples	2327
Plant Samples	555
Total Samples	4067

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
2710	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
124001	1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
67770	ASM157134v1 assembly for Komagataeibacter xylinus NBRC 15237	contig	GCA_001571345	1220579.3	2731957626	1220579	47.99
67770	ASM320791v1 assembly for Komagataeibacter xylinus LMG 1515	contig	GCA_003207915	28448.11	2846462022	28448	41.03
124043	ASM2599461v1 assembly for Komagataeibacter xylinus NBRC 15237	contig	GCA_025994615	1220579.6	8118979244	1220579

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
20218	Gluconacetobacter xylinus gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 7644	AB205218	1445	1234668
20218	Gluconacetobacter xylinus gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 7644	AB645737	1411	1234668
20218	Gluconacetobacter xylinus gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: NBRC 15237	AB680815	1414	28448
20218	Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain LMG 1515 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	JF794013	1352	28448
20218	Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain LMG 1515T 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer, tRNA-Ile and tRNA-Ala genes, complete sequence; and 23S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	KC478458	790	28448
20218	Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain DSM 6513T 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer, tRNA-Ile and tRNA-Ala genes, complete sequence; and 23S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	KC478459	807	28448
20218	A.xylinum DNA for 16S-23S spacer region (NCIB 11664, LMG 1515 strain)	X85405	882	28448
2710	Gluconacetobacter xylinus gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: NBRC 15237	AB205216	1393	28448
2710	A.xylinum gene for 16S ribosomal RNA	X75619	1481	28448
124043	Acetobacter xylinum 16S rRNA, partial sequence.	AB003983	155	28448

GC content

@ref	GC-content (mol%)	Method
67770	61.8	high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Komagataeibacter xylinus NBRC 15237
NCBI: GCA_001571345

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	obligate anaerobe	74.90	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	negative	98.10	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	73.70	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	97.40	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Komagataeibacter xylinus NBRC 15237
PATRIC: 1220579.3

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	no	97.00	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	92.96	no
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	90.06	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	yes	77.78	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	98.07	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	59.94	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Improved Adhesion of Bacterial Cellulose on Plasma-Treated Cotton Fabric for Development of All-Cellulose Biocomposites.	Ogrizek L, Lamovsek J, Primc G, Leskovsek M, Vesel A, Mozetic M, Gorjanc M.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules29215009	2024
	Biosynthesis of Bacterial Nanocellulose from Low-Cost Cellulosic Feedstocks: Effect of Microbial Producer.	Skiba EA, Shavyrkina NA, Skiba MA, Mironova GF, Budaeva VV.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms241814401	2023
	Reproducibility of Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers Over Sub-Cultured Generations for the Development of Novel Textiles.	Wood J, van der Gast C, Rivett D, Verran J, Redfern J.	Front Bioeng Biotechnol	10.3389/fbioe.2022.876822	2022
	Enhancing Antioxidant Benefits of Kombucha Through Optimized Glucuronic Acid by Selected Symbiotic Fermentation Culture.	Chou YC, Lin HW, Wang CY, Hsieh CC, Santoso SP, Lin SP, Cheng KC.	Antioxidants (Basel)	10.3390/antiox13111323	2024
	The Effect of Adding Modified Chitosan on the Strength Properties of Bacterial Cellulose for Clinical Applications.	Lipovka A, Kharchenko A, Dubovoy A, Filipenko M, Stupak V, Mayorov A, Fomenko V, Geydt P, Parshin D.	Polymers (Basel)	10.3390/polym13121995	2021
Phylogeny	Exploring the Acetobacteraceae family isolated from kombucha SCOBYs worldwide and comparing yield and characteristics of biocellulose under various fermentation conditions.	Khiabani A, Sarabi-Jamab M, Shakeri MS, Pahlevanlo A, Emadzadeh B.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-024-77305-w	2024
Genetics	Characterization of the Putative Acylated Cellulose Synthase Operon in Komagataeibacter xylinus E25.	Szymczak I, Pietrzyk-Brzezinska AJ, Duszynski K, Ryngajllo M.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms23147851	2022
Phylogeny	16S rRNA in situ Hybridization Followed by Flow Cytometry for Rapid Identification of Acetic Acid Bacteria Involved in Submerged Industrial Vinegar Production.	Trcek J, Lipoglavsek L, Avgustin G.	Food Technol Biotechnol	10.17113/ftb.54.01.16.4041	2016
	Bacterial Cellulose Properties Fulfilling Requirements for a Biomaterial of Choice in Reconstructive Surgery and Wound Healing.	Jankau J, Blazynska-Spychalska A, Kubiak K, Jedrzejczak-Krzepkowska M, Pankiewicz T, Ludwicka K, Dettlaff A, Peksa R.	Front Bioeng Biotechnol	10.3389/fbioe.2021.805053	2021
Metabolism	Towards control of cellulose biosynthesis by Komagataeibacter using systems-level and strain engineering strategies: current progress and perspectives.	Ryngajllo M, Jedrzejczak-Krzepkowska M, Kubiak K, Ludwicka K, Bielecki S.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-020-10671-3	2020
	A Comprehensive Study of Biohopanoid Production in Alphaproteobacteria: Biosynthetic, Chemotaxonomical, and Geobiological Implications.	Sinninghe Damste JS, Koenen M, Thiel V, Richter N, Hopmans EC, Bale NJ.	Geobiology	10.1111/gbi.70038	2025
	Exploration of a novel and efficient source for production of bacterial nanocellulose, bioprocess optimization and characterization.	El-Naggar NE, El-Malkey SE, Abu-Saied MA, Mohammed ABA.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-022-22240-x	2022
Enzymology	Structural basis of transglucosylation in dextran dextrinase, a homolog of anomer-inverting GH15 glucoside hydrolases.	Tagami T, Saburi W, Sadahiro J, Kumagai Y, Lang W, Matsugaki N, Okuyama M, Mori H, Kimura A.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/j.jbc.2025.110541	2025
	Draft Genome Sequence of Sporolactobacillus inulinus NBRC 111894, Isolated from Kôso, a Japanese Sugar-Vegetable Fermented Beverage.	Chiou TY, Suda W, Oshima K, Hattori M, Matsuzaki C, Yamamoto K, Takahashi T.	Microbiol Resour Announc	10.1128/mra.00751-19	2019
	Distribution and genome structures of temperate phages in acetic acid bacteria.	Omata K, Hibi N, Nakano S, Komoto S, Sato K, Nunokawa K, Amano S, Ueda K, Takano H.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-021-00998-w	2021
	Improved production of bacterial cellulose by Komagataeibacter europaeus employing fruit extract as carbon source.	Tseng YS, Patel AK, Chen CW, Dong CD, Singhania RR.	J Food Sci Technol	10.1007/s13197-022-05451-y	2023
Pathogenicity	[Exploiting bioactive Enediynes from marine microbe based on activity and gene screening].	Pei G, Dai H, Ren B, Liu X, Zhang L.	Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao		2010
Metabolism	Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of K1G4: a new Komagataeibacter strain producing bacterial cellulose from different carbon sources.	La China S, Bezzecchi A, Moya F, Petroni G, Di Gregorio S, Gullo M	Biotechnol Lett	10.1007/s10529-020-02811-6	2020
Metabolism	Bacterial cellulose production by Acetobacter xylinum ATCC 23767 using tobacco waste extract as culture medium.	Ye J, Zheng S, Zhang Z, Yang F, Ma K, Feng Y, Zheng J, Mao D, Yang X	Bioresour Technol	10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.028	2018
Genetics	Streptomyces antarcticus sp. nov., isolated from Horseshoe Island, Antarctica.	Sahin SM, Saticioglu IB, Duman M, Ay H.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.006856	2025
Phylogeny	Description of Komagataeibacter melaceti sp. nov. and Komagataeibacter melomenusus sp. nov. Isolated from Apple Cider Vinegar.	Maric L, Cleenwerck I, Accetto T, Vandamme P, Trcek J	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms8081178	2020

References

#2710	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 6513
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#36961	; Curators of the CIP;
#38117	; Curators of the CIP;
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#124001	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 103107
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Acetobacter xylinus (DSM 6513, ATCC 23767, BCC 7226)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Spore formation

Halophily

Observation

Metabolite utilization

Antibiotic resistance

Metabolite production

Enzymes

API zym

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Taxonmaps

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_001571345

16S sequences

GC content

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

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