Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (DSM 44135, 1351)

Name: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (DSM 44135, 1351)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 8440

Type strain

Strain Designation 1351

Culture col. no. DSM 44135 1351

NCBI tax ID(s) 1770

Special Collections DSMZ

History DSMZ <- U. Jark, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany; 1351 <- Dr. Bähr, Vet. Unters. Amt Oldenburg; 1351

Links

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 1351 is a human pathogen that was isolated from decontaminated faeces of a paratuberculosis infected cow.

human pathogen genome sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 50503

DSM 44135

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:26:52

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Actinomycetota

Class Actinomycetes

Order Mycobacteriales

Family Mycobacteriaceae

Genus Mycobacterium

Species Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Full scientific name Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Bergey et al. 1923) Thorel et al. 1990

Synonyms (1)

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis** (9)	Type strain
8439	M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DSM 44133, ATCC 19698, TMC 807, CCUG 55483, ... (type strain)
135349	M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis JC31, CIP 103964, ATCC 19851, NCTC 8578
135350	M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis CIP 103967, ATCC 43545
135351	M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis CIP 103968, ATCC 49164
135352	M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis 1001, CIP 103971
136665	M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis TB795/95, CIP 107488
136893	M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis CIP 103965, ATCC 43015
137548	M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis 4138, CIP 103978
169420	M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis JIII-386, DSM 108962

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Confidence
125439	positive	93.778

Multimedia

@ref:	11515
multimedia content:	DSM_44135.jpg
multimedia.multimedia content:	https://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/photos/DSM_44135.jpg
caption:	Medium 780 37°C
intellectual property rights:	© Leibniz-Institut DSMZ
manual_annotation:	1

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Medium link	Composition
11515	MIDDLEBROOK MEDIUM WITH MYCOBACTIN (DSMZ Medium 780)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: MIDDLEBROOK MEDIUM WITH MYCOBACTIN (DSMZ Medium 780) Composition: Bacto Middlebrook 7H10 agar 20.9945 g/l Mycobactine J 0.002 g/l Absolute ethanol Glycerol Distilled water

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
11515	positive	growth	37

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
125439	obligate aerobe	99.706

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Infection	#Disease	-
#Host	#Mammals	#Bovinae (Cow, Cattle)
#Host Body Product	#Gastrointestinal tract	#Feces (Stool)

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Geographic location	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent	Latitude	Longitude
11515	decontaminated faeces of a paratuberculosis infected cow	Oldenburg, Ostfriesland	Germany	DEU	Europe	53.1435	8.2146 53.1435/8.2146

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Pathogenicity human	Pathogenicity animal	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
11515			2	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM1335738v1 assembly for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis DSM 44135	complete	GCA_013357385	1770.123	1770	97.58

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: ASM1335738v1 assembly for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis DSM 44135
BV-BRC: 1770.123

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	obligate aerobe	99.71	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	positive	93.78	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	84.11	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	70.15	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis DSM 44135
NCBI: GCA_013357385.1

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	89.05	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	96.29	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	yes	78.57	no
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	58.20	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	95.50	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	87.50	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Prevalence and molecular insights of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Sudanese Cattle: implications for control and public health.	Idris SM, Elmagzoub WA, Mukhtar ME, Okuni JB, Ojok L, Abdalla EM, Sanousi SME, Amanzada A, Truyen U, Wahed AAE, Eltayeb E, Gameel AA, Eltom KH.	Braz J Microbiol	10.1007/s42770-025-01781-z	2025
Enzymology	Serological investigation and genotyping of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in sheep and goats in Inner Mongolia, China.	Zhao L, Wang Y, Wang JL, Zhao WH, Cheng HX, Ma YM, Chai HL, Zhang ZS, Wang LF, Miao ZQ, Ding YL, Sulijid J, Dang GH, Liu SY, Wang FL, Liu SG, Liu YH.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0256628	2021
	Evidence of Homeostatic Regulation in Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis as an Adaptive Response to Copper Stress.	Tejeda C, Steuer P, Villegas M, Ulloa F, Hernandez-Agudelo JM, Salgado M.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms11040898	2023
	Characterisation of IS1311 in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis genomes: Typing, continental clustering, microbial evolution and host adaptation.	Mizzi R, Plain KM, Timms VJ, Marsh I, Whittington RJ.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0294570	2024
	Estimation of Performance Characteristics of Analytical Methods for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Detection in Dairy Products.	Butot S, Ricchi M, Sevilla IA, Michot L, Molina E, Tello M, Russo S, Arrigoni N, Garrido JM, Tomas D.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2019.00509	2019
	Relevance of inducible nitric oxide synthase for immune control of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in mice.	Abdissa K, Ruangkiattikul N, Ahrend W, Nerlich A, Beineke A, Laarmann K, Janze N, Lobermeyer U, Suwandi A, Falk C, Schleicher U, Weiss S, Bogdan C, Goethe R.	Virulence	10.1080/21505594.2020.1763055	2020
	Thermal Inactivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Artificially Contaminated Milk by Direct Steam Injection.	Peterz M, Butot S, Jagadeesan B, Bakker D, Donaghy J.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.04042-15	2016
Genetics	Diagnostic Sequences That Distinguish M. avium Subspecies Strains.	Bannantine JP, Stabel JR, Bayles DO, Conde C, Biet F.	Front Vet Sci	10.3389/fvets.2020.620094	2020
	CD4 T Cell Dependent Colitis Exacerbation Following Re-Exposure of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis.	Suwandi A, Bargen I, Pils MC, Krey M, Zur Lage S, Singh AK, Basler T, Falk CS, Seidler U, Hornef MW, Goethe R, Weiss S.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2017.00075	2017
	Systemic and mucosal immune reactivity upon Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in mice.	Koc A, Bargen I, Suwandi A, Roderfeld M, Tschuschner A, Rath T, Gerlach GF, Hornef M, Goethe R, Weiss S, Roeb E.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0094624	2014
Metabolism	The Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis specific mptD gene is required for maintenance of the metabolic homeostasis necessary for full virulence in mouse infections.	Meissner T, Eckelt E, Basler T, Meens J, Heinzmann J, Suwandi A, Oelemann WM, Trenkamp S, Holst O, Weiss S, Bunk B, Sproer C, Gerlach GF, Goethe R.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2014.00110	2014
Metabolism	Identification of a lineage specific zinc responsive genomic island in Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis.	Eckelt E, Jarek M, Fromke C, Meens J, Goethe R.	BMC Genomics	10.1186/1471-2164-15-1076	2014
Metabolism	Peptide aMptD-mediated capture PCR for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bulk milk samples.	Stratmann J, Dohmann K, Heinzmann J, Gerlach GF.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00590-06	2006
Enzymology	Highly specific and quick detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in feces and gut tissue of cattle and humans by multiple real-time PCR assays.	Imirzalioglu C, Dahmen H, Hain T, Billion A, Kuenne C, Chakraborty T, Domann E.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01492-10	2011
	A 38-kilobase pathogenicity island specific for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis encodes cell surface proteins expressed in the host.	Stratmann J, Strommenger B, Goethe R, Dohmann K, Gerlach GF, Stevenson K, Li LL, Zhang Q, Kapur V, Bull TJ.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.72.3.1265-1274.2004	2004
Enzymology	Development of a peptide-mediated capture PCR for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk.	Stratmann J, Strommenger B, Stevenson K, Gerlach GF.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.40.11.4244-4250.2002	2002
	New triplex real-time PCR assay for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine feces.	Schonenbrucher H, Abdulmawjood A, Failing K, Bulte M.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02534-07	2008
Enzymology	Characterization of genetic differences between Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis type I and type II isolates.	Dohmann K, Strommenger B, Stevenson K, de Juan L, Stratmann J, Kapur V, Bull TJ, Gerlach GF.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.41.11.5215-5223.2003	2003
Genetics	Complete Genome Sequence and Manual Reannotation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Strain DSM 44135.	Goethe R, Basler T, Meissner T, Goethe E, Sproer C, Swiderski J, Gerlach GF, Weiss S, Jarek M, Bunk B	Microbiol Resour Announc	10.1128/MRA.00711-20	2020

References

#11515	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 44135
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (DSM 44135, 1351)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Multimedia

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_013357385

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

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