Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis DSM 44133 is a microaerophile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped human pathogen that was isolated from feces of cow with naturally aquired paratuberculosis.
Gram-positive rod-shaped microaerophile human pathogen genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria| @ref 20215 |
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Last LPSN update
2026-05-29 08:26:52 |
| Domain Bacteria |
| Phylum Actinomycetota |
| Class Actinomycetes |
| Order Mycobacteriales |
| Family Mycobacteriaceae |
| Genus Mycobacterium |
| Species Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis |
| Full scientific name Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Bergey et al. 1923) Thorel et al. 1990 |
| Synonyms (1) |
| @ref | Name | Growth | Medium link | Composition | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11514 | MIDDLEBROOK MEDIUM WITH MYCOBACTIN (DSMZ Medium 780) | Medium recipe at MediaDive  | Name: MIDDLEBROOK MEDIUM WITH MYCOBACTIN (DSMZ Medium 780) Composition: Bacto Middlebrook 7H10 agar 20.9945 g/l Mycobactine J 0.002 g/l Absolute ethanol Glycerol Distilled water | ||
| 40896 | MEDIUM 72- for trypto casein soja agar | Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Trypto casein soy agar (40.000 g) | |||
| 116671 | CIP Medium 96 | Medium recipe at CIP | |||
| 116671 | CIP Medium 72 | Medium recipe at CIP |
| @ref | Value | Activity | Ec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 68382 | acid phosphatase | + | 3.1.3.2 | from API zym |
| 68382 | alkaline phosphatase | + | 3.1.3.1 | from API zym |
| 68382 | alpha-chymotrypsin | - | 3.4.21.1 | from API zym |
| 68382 | alpha-fucosidase | - | 3.2.1.51 | from API zym |
| 68382 | alpha-galactosidase | - | 3.2.1.22 | from API zym |
| 68382 | alpha-glucosidase | + | 3.2.1.20 | from API zym |
| 68382 | alpha-mannosidase | - | 3.2.1.24 | from API zym |
| 68382 | beta-galactosidase | - | 3.2.1.23 | from API zym |
| 68382 | beta-glucosidase | - | 3.2.1.21 | from API zym |
| 68382 | beta-glucuronidase | - | 3.2.1.31 | from API zym |
| 116671 | catalase | + | 1.11.1.6 | |
| 68382 | cystine arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.3 | from API zym |
| 68382 | esterase (C 4) | + | from API zym | |
| 68382 | esterase lipase (C 8) | + | from API zym | |
| 68382 | leucine arylamidase | + | 3.4.11.1 | from API zym |
| 68382 | lipase (C 14) | - | from API zym | |
| 68382 | N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase | - | 3.2.1.52 | from API zym |
| 68382 | naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase | - | from API zym | |
| 116671 | oxidase | - | ||
| 68382 | trypsin | - | 3.4.21.4 | from API zym |
| 116671 | urease | - | 3.5.1.5 | |
| 68382 | valine arylamidase | - | from API zym |
| Cat1 | Cat2 | Cat3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| #Infection | #Disease | - | |
| #Host | #Mammals | #Bovinae (Cow, Cattle) | |
| #Host Body Product | #Gastrointestinal tract | #Feces (Stool) |
| @ref | Sample type | Sampling date | Geographic location | Country | Country ISO 3 Code | Continent | Isolation date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11514 | feces of cow with naturally aquired paratuberculosis | USA | USA | North America | ||||
| 60601 | Cow feces,naturally aquired paratuberculos | 1966 | Iowa | USA | USA | North America | ||
| 116671 | Animal, Cow, feces | Ames, Iowa | United States of America | USA | North America | 1966 |
Global distribution of 16S sequence X52934 (>99% sequence identity) for Mycobacterium from Microbeatlas 
 Aquatic Samples |
4789 |
 Soil Samples |
12779 |
 Animal Samples |
3677 |
 Plant Samples |
2833 |
| Total Samples | 24078 |
| @ref | Description | Assembly level | INSDC accession | BV-BRC accession | IMG accession | NCBI tax ID | Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 124043 | ASM24052v2 assembly for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ATCC 19698 | contig | GCA_000240525   | 1074454.6  | 2548876531  | 1074454 | 0 | |
| @ref | Description | Accession | Length | Database | NCBI tax ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20218 | Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain ATCC 19698 16S ribosomal RNA gene and 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer, partial sequence | EF521900 | 438 | | 1770 | |
| 20218 | M.paratuberculosis 16S ribosomal RNA gene | M59265 | 145 | | 1770 | |
| 20218 | Mycobacterium paratuberculosis 16S rRNA gene | X52934 | 1463 |  | 1770 | |
| 20218 | Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain CIP 103963 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence | AF547899 | 554 | | 1770 | |
| 20218 | Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain DSM 44133 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence | HM007575 | 595 | | 1770 | |
| 11514 | Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain ATCC 19698 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence | EF521896 | 1442 | | 1770 |
| Topic | Title | Authors | Journal | DOI | Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolism | Core profile of volatile organic compounds related to growth of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis - A comparative extract of three independent studies. | Kuntzel A, Weber M, Gierschner P, Trefz P, Miekisch W, Schubert JK, Reinhold P, Kohler H. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0221031 | 2019 | |
| Estimation of Performance Characteristics of Analytical Methods for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Detection in Dairy Products. | Butot S, Ricchi M, Sevilla IA, Michot L, Molina E, Tello M, Russo S, Arrigoni N, Garrido JM, Tomas D. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00509 | 2019 | | |
| Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Proteome Changes Profoundly in Milk. | Kleinwort KJH, Hobmaier BF, Mayer R, Holzel C, Degroote RL, Martlbauer E, Hauck SM, Deeg CA. | Metabolites | 10.3390/metabo11080549 | 2021 | | |
| Thermal Inactivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Artificially Contaminated Milk by Direct Steam Injection. | Peterz M, Butot S, Jagadeesan B, Bakker D, Donaghy J. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.04042-15 | 2016 | | |
| Proteome | Peripheral blood bovine lymphocytes and MAP show distinctly different proteome changes and immune pathways in host-pathogen interaction. | Kleinwort KJH, Hauck SM, Degroote RL, Scholz AM, Holzel C, Maertlbauer EP, Deeg C. | PeerJ | 10.7717/peerj.8130 | 2019 | |
| Metabolism | Volatile emissions from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis mirror bacterial growth and enable distinction of different strains. | Trefz P, Koehler H, Klepik K, Moebius P, Reinhold P, Schubert JK, Miekisch W. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0076868 | 2013 | |
| Enzymology | Highly specific and quick detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in feces and gut tissue of cattle and humans by multiple real-time PCR assays. | Imirzalioglu C, Dahmen H, Hain T, Billion A, Kuenne C, Chakraborty T, Domann E. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.01492-10 | 2011 | |
| New triplex real-time PCR assay for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine feces. | Schonenbrucher H, Abdulmawjood A, Failing K, Bulte M. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.02534-07 | 2008 | | |
| Enzymology | Quantitative PCR monitoring of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial pathogens in three European artificial groundwater recharge systems. | Bockelmann U, Dorries HH, Ayuso-Gabella MN, Salgot de Marcay M, Tandoi V, Levantesi C, Masciopinto C, Van Houtte E, Szewzyk U, Wintgens T, Grohmann E. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.01649-08 | 2009 | |
| Response of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates to reactive oxygen stress generated by treatment with copper ions. | Steuer P, Barkema HW, Tejeda C, Hernandez JM, Ulloa F, Salgado M. | Vet Microbiol | 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110251 | 2024 | | |
| Stereotypic immune response in Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection among different Swiss caprine genotypes. | Rasper-Hossinger M, Scherrer S, Stephan R, Seehusen F. | Vet Pathol | 10.1177/03009858251322726 | 2025 | | |
| A Novel Inhibitor against the Biofilms of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria. | Kaur P, Krishnamurthy RV, Shandil RK, Mohan R, Narayanan S. | Pathogens | 10.3390/pathogens13010040 | 2023 | | |
| Pathogenicity | High Molecular Diversity of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Germany Revealed by Multitarget Genotyping. | Mobius P, Price-Carter M, Kohler H. | Int J Mol Sci | 10.3390/ijms26115273 | 2025 | |
| Evidence of Homeostatic Regulation in Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis as an Adaptive Response to Copper Stress. | Tejeda C, Steuer P, Villegas M, Ulloa F, Hernandez-Agudelo JM, Salgado M. | Microorganisms | 10.3390/microorganisms11040898 | 2023 | | |
| M. avium Complex Pulmonary Infections: Therapeutic Obstacles and Progress in Drug Development. | Charrier ESA, Dassonville-Klimpt A, Andrejak C, Sonnet P. | Pharmaceuticals (Basel) | 10.3390/ph18060891 | 2025 | | |
| Optimization of the composition of a solid culture medium for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using factorial design and response surface methodology. | Dane H, Koidis A, Stewart LD, Grant IR. | J Appl Microbiol | 10.1111/jam.15517 | 2022 | | |
| Immunopathological mechanisms in the early stage of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection via different administration routes in a murine model. | Lee JH, Park HT, Shim S, Kim S, Woo SH, Kim DY, Yoo HS. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0281880 | 2023 | | |
| Enzymology | Isothermal inactivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in curd simulating the stretching phase in pasta-filata cheese process. | Barsi F, Dalzini E, Russo S, Cosciani-Cunico E, Monastero P, Arrigoni N, Garbarino CA, Cortimiglia C, Losio MN, Ricchi M. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1052222 | 2022 | |
| Strain diversity in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-positive bovine fecal samples collected in Switzerland. | Rasper-Hossinger M, Biggel M, Stephan R, Seehusen F, Scherrer S. | Front Vet Sci | 10.3389/fvets.2023.1154516 | 2023 | | |
| More Insights about the Efficacy of Copper Ion Treatment on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP): A Clue for the Observed Tolerance. | Tejeda C, Steuer P, Villegas M, Reyes-Jara A, Iranzo EC, Umana R, Salgado M. | Pathogens | 10.3390/pathogens11020272 | 2022 | | |
| Are Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) the Main Mechanism by Which Copper Ion Treatment Degrades the DNA of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Suspended in Milk? | Villegas M, Tejeda C, Umana R, Iranzo EC, Salgado M. | Microorganisms | 10.3390/microorganisms10112272 | 2022 | | |
| Goat Paratuberculosis: Experimental Model for the Evaluation of Mycobacterium Persistence in Raw Milk Cheese. | Pagliasso G, Di Blasio A, Vitale N, Romano A, Decastelli L, Quasso A, Ricchi M, Dondo A, Pastorino P, Gennero MS, Bergagna S. | Microorganisms | 10.3390/microorganisms9102032 | 2021 | | |
| Early Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infected Cattle: Use of Experimental Johnins and Innovative Interferon-Gamma Test Interpretative Criteria. | Corneli S, Di Paolo A, Vitale N, Torricelli M, Petrucci L, Sebastiani C, Ciullo M, Curcio L, Biagetti M, Papa P, Costarelli S, Cagiola M, Dondo A, Mazzone P. | Front Vet Sci | 10.3389/fvets.2021.638890 | 2021 | | |
| Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis of Two Groups of Lymph Nodes, Being Intradermal Tuberculin or Interferon-Gamma Test Positive and Negative, Isolated from Swiss Cattle at Slaughter. | Scherrer S, Landolt P, Carroli N, Stephan R. | Front Vet Sci | 10.3389/fvets.2018.00032 | 2018 | | |
| A rapid phage assay for detection of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk. | Hosseiniporgham S, Rebechesu L, Pintore P, Lollai S, Dattena M, Russo S, Ruiu A, Sechi LA. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-021-04451-w | 2022 | | |
| Enzymology | Characterization and Differentiation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from Other Mycobacteria Using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. | Ravva SV, Harden LA, Sarreal CZ. | Front Cell Infect Microbiol | 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00297 | 2017 | |
| Molecular and Serological Footprints of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Infections in Zoo Animals. | Roller M, Hansen S, Bohlken-Fascher S, Knauf-Witzens T, Czerny CP, Goethe R, Abd El Wahed A. | Vet Sci | 10.3390/vetsci7030117 | 2020 | | |
| Effects of Silirum®-Based Vaccination Programs on Map Fecal Shedding and Serological Response in Seven French Dairy Herds. | Corbiere F, Guellouz D, Tasca C, Foures L, Dubaux E, Foucras G. | Animals (Basel) | 10.3390/ani13091569 | 2023 | | |
| Genetics | Diagnostic Sequences That Distinguish M. avium Subspecies Strains. | Bannantine JP, Stabel JR, Bayles DO, Conde C, Biet F. | Front Vet Sci | 10.3389/fvets.2020.620094 | 2020 | |
| Morphological and Molecular Characterization of a New Mycobacterium avium Subsp. paratuberculosis S-Type Strain Genotype in Goats. | Scherrer S, Stephan R, Zumthor JP, Kipar A, Seehusen F. | Front Vet Sci | 10.3389/fvets.2019.00250 | 2019 | | |
| Enzymology | Evaluation of a Commercial Real-Time PCR Kit for the Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Milk. | Alajmi A, Klein G, Grabowski NT, Fohler S, Akineden O, Abdulmawjood A. | Curr Microbiol | 10.1007/s00284-016-1109-6 | 2016 | |
| Development of a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | Hansen S, Schafer J, Fechner K, Czerny CP, Abd El Wahed A. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0168733 | 2016 | | |
| Anaerobic adaptation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in vitro: similarities to M. tuberculosis and differential susceptibility to antibiotics. | Parrish N, Vadlamudi A, Goldberg N. | Gut Pathog | 10.1186/s13099-017-0183-z | 2017 | | |
| Recurrence of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease in a patient with anti-gamma interferon autoantibodies by reinfection. | Nishimura T, Fujita-Suzuki Y, Yonemaru M, Ohkusu K, Sakagami T, Carpenter SM, Otsuka Y, Namkoong H, Yano I, Hasegawa N. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.03339-14 | 2015 | | |
| Enzymology | Mycobacterium paratuberculosis detection in cow's milk in Argentina by immunomagnetic separation-PCR. | Gilardoni LR, Fernandez B, Morsella C, Mendez L, Jar AM, Paolicchi FA, Mundo SL. | Braz J Microbiol | 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.01.013 | 2016 | |
| Metabolism | Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis MAP1889c Protein Induces Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Drives Th2-biased Immune Responses. | Park HS, Back YW, Son YJ, Kim HJ. | Cells | 10.3390/cells9040944 | 2020 | |
| Systemic infection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis and fungus in a pet dog. | Kim MC, Kim J, Kang W, Jang Y, Kim Y. | J Vet Med Sci | 10.1292/jvms.15-0285 | 2016 | | |
| Spectroscopic Characterization of Bovine, Avian and Johnin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) with High-Throughput Fourier Transform InfraRed-Based Method. | Corneli S, Corte L, Roscini L, Di Paolo A, Colabella C, Petrucci L, Severi G, Cagiola M, Mazzone P. | Pathogens | 10.3390/pathogens8030136 | 2019 | | |
| A novel one-day phage-based test for rapid detection and enumeration of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cows' milk. | Foddai ACG, Grant IR. | Appl Microbiol Biotechnol | 10.1007/s00253-020-10909-0 | 2020 | | |
| Development of multiplex PCR and multi-color fluorescent in situ hybridization (m-FISH) coupled protocol for detection and imaging of multi-pathogens involved in inflammatory bowel disease. | Sharp RC, Naser ES, Alcedo KP, Qasem A, Abdelli LS, Naser SA. | Gut Pathog | 10.1186/s13099-018-0278-1 | 2018 | | |
| Genetics | Genome-Wide Sequence Variation among Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Isolates: A Better Understanding of Johne's Disease Transmission Dynamics. | Hsu CY, Wu CW, Talaat AM. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00236 | 2011 | |
| Mycobacterium avium Subsp. paratuberculosis Induces Specific IgE Production in Japanese People with Allergies. | Cossu D, Otsubo S, Otsubo Y, Eda S, Suzuki T, Iwao Y, Kuribayashi T, Yamamoto S, Sechi LA, Momotani E. | Int J Inflam | 10.1155/2017/7959154 | 2017 | | |
| The development and use of Actiphage® to detect viable mycobacteria from bovine tuberculosis and Johne's disease-infected animals. | Swift BMC, Meade N, Barron ES, Bennett M, Perehenic T, Hughes V, Stevenson K, Rees CED. | Microb Biotechnol | 10.1111/1751-7915.13518 | 2020 | | |
| Enzymology | Differential Genotyping of Mycobacterium avium Complex and Its Implications in Clinical and Environmental Epidemiology. | Shin JI, Shin SJ, Shin MK. | Microorganisms | 10.3390/microorganisms8010098 | 2020 | |
| Phylogeny | Amplified fragment length polymorphism reveals specific epigenetic distinctions between Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates of various isolation types. | O'Shea B, Khare S, Klein P, Roussel A, Adams LG, Ficht TA, Rice-Ficht AC. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.01123-10 | 2011 | |
| Enzymology | Development of an immunocapture-polymerase chain reaction assay using IgY to detect Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | Chui LW, King R, Sim J. | Can J Vet Res | 2010 | | |
| Enzymology | Estimation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis load in raw bulk tank milk in Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy) by qPCR. | Ricchi M, Savi R, Bolzoni L, Pongolini S, Grant IR, De Cicco C, Cerutti G, Cammi G, Garbarino CA, Arrigoni N. | Microbiologyopen | 10.1002/mbo3.350 | 2016 | |
| Genetics | Resequencing the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis K10 genome: improved annotation and revised genome sequence. | Wynne JW, Seemann T, Bulach DM, Coutts SA, Talaat AM, Michalski WP. | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/jb.00972-10 | 2010 | |
| Screening of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis mutants for attenuation in a bovine monocyte-derived macrophage model. | Lamont EA, Talaat AM, Coussens PM, Bannantine JP, Grohn YT, Katani R, Li LL, Kapur V, Sreevatsan S. | Front Cell Infect Microbiol | 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00087 | 2014 | | |
| Anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic responses to infection: a common denominator of human and bovine macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | Abendano N, Juste RA, Alonso-Hearn M. | Biomed Res Int | 10.1155/2013/908348 | 2013 | | |
| Comparison among the Quantification of Bacterial Pathogens by qPCR, dPCR, and Cultural Methods. | Ricchi M, Bertasio C, Boniotti MB, Vicari N, Russo S, Tilola M, Bellotti MA, Bertasi B. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01174 | 2017 | | |
| Genetics | Optical mapping of the Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis genome. | Wu CW, Schramm TM, Zhou S, Schwartz DC, Talaat AM. | BMC Genomics | 10.1186/1471-2164-10-25 | 2009 | |
| Enzymology | Localization of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in artificially inoculated milk and colostrum by fractionation. | Van Brandt L, Coudijzer K, Vlaemynck G, Hendrickx M, Michiels C, Messens W, Herman L, De Block J. | J Dairy Sci | 10.3168/jds.2009-2895 | 2010 | |
| Metabolism | Composition and Potency Characterization of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Purified Protein Derivatives. | Capsel RT, Thoen CO, Reinhardt TA, Lippolis JD, Olsen R, Stabel JR, Bannantine JP. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0154685 | 2016 | |
| Phylogeny | Subspecies identification and significance of 257 clinical strains of Mycobacterium avium. | Tran QT, Han XY. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.03399-13 | 2014 | |
| The isolation and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Shandong province, China. | Yue R, Liu C, Barrow P, Liu F, Cui Y, Yang L, Zhao D, Zhou X. | Gut Pathog | 10.1186/s13099-016-0092-6 | 2016 | | |
| Altered humoral immunity to mycobacterial antigens in Japanese patients affected by inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. | Cossu D, Yokoyama K, Tomizawa Y, Momotani E, Hattori N. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-017-03370-z | 2017 | | |
| Characterization of Ethanol Extracted Cell Wall Components of Mycobacterium avium Subsp. paratuberculosis. | Bannantine JP, Wadhwa A, Stabel JR, Eda S. | Vet Sci | 10.3390/vetsci6040088 | 2019 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Antibiotic Susceptibility and Genotyping of Mycobacterium avium Strains That Cause Pulmonary and Disseminated Infection. | Uchiya KI, Asahi S, Futamura K, Hamaura H, Nakagawa T, Nikai T, Ogawa K. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/aac.02035-17 | 2018 | |
| Phylogeny | Efficient differentiation of Mycobacterium avium complex species and subspecies by use of five-target multiplex PCR. | Shin SJ, Lee BS, Koh WJ, Manning EJ, Anklam K, Sreevatsan S, Lambrecht RS, Collins MT. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.00904-10 | 2010 | |
| Host Transcriptional Profiles and Immunopathologic Response following Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infection in Mice. | Shin MK, Park H, Shin SW, Jung M, Lee SH, Kim DY, Yoo HS. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0138770 | 2015 | | |
| MAP1981c, a Putative Nucleic Acid-Binding Protein, Produced by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Induces Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Th1-Polarization. | Kim WS, Shin MK, Shin SJ. | Front Cell Infect Microbiol | 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00206 | 2018 | | |
| The Immunodominant T-Cell Epitopes of the Mycolyl-Transferases of the Antigen 85 Complex of M. tuberculosis. | Huygen K. | Front Immunol | 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00321 | 2014 | | |
| Comparison of fecal pooling methods and DNA extraction kits for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | Mita A, Mori Y, Nakagawa T, Tasaki T, Utiyama K, Mori H. | Microbiologyopen | 10.1002/mbo3.318 | 2016 | | |
| Infection of Primary Bovine Macrophages with Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Suppresses Host Cell Apoptosis. | Kabara E, Coussens PM. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00215 | 2012 | | |
| Enzymology | Evaluation of the limitations and methods to improve rapid phage-based detection of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the blood of experimentally infected cattle. | Swift BM, Huxley JN, Plain KM, Begg DJ, de Silva K, Purdie AC, Whittington RJ, Rees CE. | BMC Vet Res | 10.1186/s12917-016-0728-2 | 2016 | |
| A novel cell wall lipopeptide is important for biofilm formation and pathogenicity of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | Wu CW, Schmoller SK, Bannantine JP, Eckstein TM, Inamine JM, Livesey M, Albrecht R, Talaat AM. | Microb Pathog | 10.1016/j.micpath.2009.01.010 | 2009 | | |
| Development of luminescent Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis for rapid screening of vaccine candidates in mice. | Rosseels V, Roupie V, Zinniel D, Barletta RG, Huygen K. | Infect Immun | 10.1128/iai.01521-05 | 2006 | | |
| Enzymology | Culture and molecular method for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk and dairy products. | Messelhausser U, Kampf P, Hormansdorfer S, Wagner B, Schalch B, Busch U, Holler C, Wallner P, Barth G, Rampp A. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.06322-11 | 2012 | |
| Monensin causes dose dependent inhibition of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in radiometric culture. | Greenstein RJ, Su L, Whitlock RH, Brown ST. | Gut Pathog | 10.1186/1757-4749-1-4 | 2009 | | |
| RHB-104 triple antibiotics combination in culture is bactericidal and should be effective for treatment of Crohn's disease associated with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | Alcedo KP, Thanigachalam S, Naser SA. | Gut Pathog | 10.1186/s13099-016-0115-3 | 2016 | | |
| Genetics | Evaluation of eight live attenuated vaccine candidates for protection against challenge with virulent Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in mice. | Bannantine JP, Everman JL, Rose SJ, Babrak L, Katani R, Barletta RG, Talaat AM, Grohn YT, Chang YF, Kapur V, Bermudez LE. | Front Cell Infect Microbiol | 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00088 | 2014 | |
| Phylogeny | Comparison of a variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) method for typing Mycobacterium avium with mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-VNTR and IS1245 restriction fragment length polymorphism typing. | Inagaki T, Nishimori K, Yagi T, Ichikawa K, Moriyama M, Nakagawa T, Shibayama T, Uchiya K, Nikai T, Ogawa K. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.02373-08 | 2009 | |
| Effect of soil slope on the appearance of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in water running off grassland soil after application of contaminated slurry. | Salgado M, Alfaro M, Salazar F, Troncoso E, Mitchell RM, Ramirez L, Naguil A, Zamorano P, Collins MT. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.00610-13 | 2013 | | |
| Metabolism | Novel feature of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, highlighted by characterization of the heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesin. | Lefrancois LH, Bodier CC, Cochard T, Canepa S, Raze D, Lanotte P, Sevilla IA, Stevenson K, Behr MA, Locht C, Biet F. | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/jb.00671-13 | 2013 | |
| MAP1272c encodes an NlpC/P60 protein, an antigen detected in cattle with Johne's disease. | Bannantine JP, Lingle CK, Stabel JR, Ramyar KX, Garcia BL, Raeber AJ, Schacher P, Kapur V, Geisbrecht BV. | Clin Vaccine Immunol | 10.1128/cvi.00195-12 | 2012 | | |
| A novel low-cost method for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA extraction from an automated broth culture system for real-time PCR analysis. | Salgado M, Verdugo C, Heuer C, Castillo P, Zamorano P. | J Vet Sci | 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.2.233 | 2014 | | |
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| Enzymology | Cloning and expression of portions of the 34-kilodalton-protein gene of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis: its application to serological analysis of Johne's disease. | De Kesel M, Gilot P, Misonne MC, Coene M, Cocito C. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.31.4.947-954.1993 | 1993 | |
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| Enzymology | Preparation of a specific RNA probe for detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and diagnosis of Johne's disease. | Poupart P, Coene M, Van Heuverswyn H, Cocito C. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.31.6.1601-1605.1993 | 1993 | |
| Systems biology analysis of gene expression during in vivo Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis enteric colonization reveals role for immune tolerance. | Khare S, Lawhon SD, Drake KL, Nunes JE, Figueiredo JF, Rossetti CA, Gull T, Everts RE, Lewin HA, Galindo CL, Garner HR, Adams LG. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0042127 | 2012 | | |
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| Isolation and sequencing of the gene coding for an antigenic 34-kilodalton protein of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | Gilot P, De Kesel M, Machtelinckx L, Coene M, Cocito C. | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/jb.175.15.4930-4935.1993 | 1993 | | |
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| Compilation of small ribosomal subunit RNA structures. | Neefs JM, Van de Peer Y, De Rijk P, Chapelle S, De Wachter R. | Nucleic Acids Res | 10.1093/nar/21.13.3025 | 1993 | | |
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| Enzymology | Spheroplastic phase of mycobacteria isolated from patients with Crohn's disease. | Chiodini RJ, Van Kruiningen HJ, Thayer WR, Coutu JA. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.24.3.357-363.1986 | 1986 | |
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| Enzymology | Development and validation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay-a rapid and sensitive detection tool for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in small ruminants. | Sange MD, Becker A, Hassan AA, Bulte M, Ganter M, Siebert U, Abdulmawjood A | J Appl Microbiol | 10.1111/jam.14284 | 2019 | |
| Genetics | Stability of genotyping target sequences of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis upon cultivation on different media, in vitro- and in vivo passage, and natural infection. | Kasnitz N, Kohler H, Weigoldt M, Gerlach GF, Mobius P | Vet Microbiol | 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.09.008 | 2013 | |
| Genetics | Divergent cytokine responses of macrophages to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains of Types II and III in a standardized in vitro model. | Borrmann E, Mobius P, Diller R, Kohler H | Vet Microbiol | 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.04.002 | 2011 | |
| Pathogenicity | Gene encoded antimicrobial peptides, a template for the design of novel anti-mycobacterial drugs. | Carroll J, Field D, O'Connor PM, Cotter PD, Coffey A, Hill C, Ross RP, O'Mahony J | Bioeng Bugs | 10.4161/bbug.1.6.13642 | 2010 | |
| Pathogenicity | Comparison of the activities of the lantibiotics nisin and lacticin 3147 against clinically significant mycobacteria. | Carroll J, Draper LA, O'Connor PM, Coffey A, Hill C, Ross RP, Cotter PD, O'Mahony J | Int J Antimicrob Agents | 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.03.029 | 2010 | |
| Biotechnology | [Study on the effects of HTST pasteurization temperatures on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in an industrial fluid milk-processing system]. | Igimi S, Iriguchi S, Monden S, Okada Y, Yamamoto S, Mori Y | Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyusho Hokoku | 2010 | | |
| Enzymology | Analysis of the seroprevalence of bovine paratuberculosis and the application of modified absorbed ELISA to field sample testing in Korea. | Park KT, Ahn J, Davis WC, Koo HC, Kwon NH, Jung WK, Kim JM, Hong SK, Park YH | J Vet Sci | 10.4142/jvs.2006.7.4.349 | 2006 | |
| Pathogenicity | Interaction between Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and environmental protozoa. | Whan L, Grant IR, Rowe MT | BMC Microbiol | 10.1186/1471-2180-6-63 | 2006 | |
| Enzymology | Inactivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cow's milk by means of high hydrostatic pressure at mild temperatures. | Lopez-Pedemonte T, Sevilla I, Garrido JM, Aduriz G, Guamis B, Juste RA, Roig-Sagues AX | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.01924-05 | 2006 | |
| Metabolism | Members of the 30- to 32-kilodalton mycolyl transferase family (Ag85) from culture filtrate of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis are immunodominant Th1-type antigens recognized early upon infection in mice and cattle. | Rosseels V, Marche S, Roupie V, Govaerts M, Godfroid J, Walravens K, Huygen K | Infect Immun | 10.1128/IAI.74.1.202-212.2006 | 2006 | |
| Phylogeny | Real-time quantitative PCR detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and differentiation from other mycobacteria using SYBR Green and TaqMan assays. | Ravva SV, Stanker LH | J Microbiol Methods | 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.04.004 | 2005 | |
| Enzymology | Amplified fragment length polymorphism reveals genomic variability among Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates. | O'Shea B, Khare S, Bliss K, Klein P, Ficht TA, Adams LG, Rice-Ficht AC | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/JCM.42.8.3600-3606.2004 | 2004 | |
| Development and application of quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay based on the ABI 7700 system (TaqMan) for detection and quantification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | Kim SG, Shin SJ, Jacobson RH, Miller LJ, Harpending PR, Stehman SM, Rossiter CA, Lein DA | J Vet Diagn Invest | 10.1177/104063870201400206 | 2002 | | |
| Cultivation | Effect of turbulent-flow pasteurization on survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis added to raw milk. | Pearce LE, Truong HT, Crawford RA, Yates GF, Cavaignac S, de Lisle GW | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.67.9.3964-3969.2001 | 2001 | |
| Reduced formation of granulomata in gamma(delta) T cell knockout BALB/c mice inoculated with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | Tanaka S, Itohara S, Sato M, Taniguchi T, Yokomizo Y | Vet Pathol | 10.1354/vp.37-5-415 | 2000 | | |
| Cultivation | Effect of three factors in cheese production (pH, salt, and heat) on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis viability. | Sung N, Collins MT | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.66.4.1334-1339.2000 | 2000 | |
| Pathogenicity | HPLC does not differentiate Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from Mycobacterium avium. | Dei R, Tortoli E, Bartoloni A, Simonetti MT, Lillini E | Vet Microbiol | 10.1016/s0378-1135(98)00292-2 | 1999 | |
| Stress | Thermal tolerance of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | Sung N, Collins MT | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.64.3.999-1005.1998 | 1998 | |
| Enzymology | Relationship of acid phosphatase activity to ultrastructural features in mice inoculated with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | Tanaka S, Sato M, Taniguchi T, Yokomizo Y | J Comp Pathol | 10.1016/s0021-9975(96)80065-x | 1996 | |
| Enzymology | Histopathological and morphometrical comparison of granulomatous lesions in BALB/c and C3H/HeJ mice inoculated with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | Tanaka S, Sato M, Taniguchi T, Yokomizo Y | J Comp Pathol | 10.1016/s0021-9975(08)80315-5 | 1994 | |
| Pathogenicity | Effects of colonial morphology and tween 80 on antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | Van Boxtel RM, Lambrecht RS, Collins MT | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/AAC.34.12.2300 | 1990 | |
| Metabolism | Granulomatous enteritis following oral inoculation of newborn rabbits with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis of bovine origin. | Mokresh AH, Butler DG | Can J Vet Res | 1990 | | |
| A rabbit model for study of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection. | Mokresh AH, Czuprynski CJ, Butler DG | Infect Immun | 10.1128/iai.57.12.3798-3807.1989 | 1989 | | |
| Enzymology | Analysis of restriction endonuclease fragment patterns of DNA from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | Whipple DL, Kapke PA, Andrews RE Jr | Vet Microbiol | 10.1016/0378-1135(89)90084-9 | 1989 | |
| Phylogeny | Genetic relatedness among Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and M. avium complex. | Labidi A, Thoen CO | Acta Leprol | 1989 | | |
| Enzymology | Characterization of total deoxyribonucleic acid of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (ATCC 19698) and of M. avium complex (ATCC 25291) using restriction enzymes. | Labidi A | Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis | 1988 | |
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