Name: Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4
Creator: BacDive
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Strain identifier

BacDive ID: 8203

Type strain:

Species: Psychrobacter arcticus

Strain Designation: 273-4

Culture col. no.: DSM 17307, CIP 109905, VKM B-2377

Strain history: CIP <- 2008, DSMZ -> C. Bakermans, Center for Microbial Ecol. and NASA Astrobiol. Inst., Michigan, State Univ., USA: strain 273-4

NCBI tax ID(s): 334543 (species)

SI-ID 297302

DSM 17307, VKM B-2377, CIP 109905

Section

Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 is an aerobe, Gram-negative, ovoid-shaped bacterium that was isolated from permafrost sediment cores.

Gram-negative
ovoid-shaped
aerobe
16S sequence
Bacteria
genome sequence

Information on the name and the taxonomic classification. Name and taxonomic classification

	Last LPSN update	14-12-2023 (DD-MM-YYYY)
	Domain	"Bacteria"
	Phylum	*Pseudomonadota*
	Class	*Gammaproteobacteria*
	Order	*Pseudomonadales*
	Family	*Moraxellaceae*
	Genus	*Psychrobacter*
	Species	**Psychrobacter arcticus**
	Full Scientific Name (LPSN)	Psychrobacter arcticus Bakermans et al. 2006

Information on morphological and physiological properties Morphology

[Ref.: #31679]	Gram stain	negative
[Ref.: #116479]	Gram stain	negative
[Ref.: #69480]	Gram stain	negative Confidence in %98.351

[Ref.: #31679]	Cell length	1.62 µm

[Ref.: #31679]	Cell width	0.73 µm

[Ref.: #31679]	Cell shape	ovoid-shaped
[Ref.: #116479]	Cell shape	rod-shaped

[Ref.: #31679]	Motility	no
[Ref.: #116479]	Motility	no

[Ref.: #31679]

Pigment production

Information on culture and growth conditions Culture and growth conditions

[Ref.: #6889]

Culture medium

BACTO MARINE BROTH (DIFCO 2216) (DSMZ Medium 514)

[Ref.: #6889]

Culture medium growth

[Ref.: #6889]

Culture medium link

Medium recipe at MediaDive

[Ref.: #6889]

Culture medium composition

expand / minimize

[Ref.: #41745]

Culture medium

Marine agar (MA)

[Ref.: #41745]

Culture medium growth

[Ref.: #41745]

Culture medium composition

expand / minimize

[Ref.: #116479]

Culture medium

CIP Medium 13

[Ref.: #116479]

Culture medium growth

[Ref.: #116479]

Culture medium link

Medium recipe provided by DSMZ

[Ref.: #116479]

Culture medium

CIP Medium 72

[Ref.: #116479]

Culture medium growth

[Ref.: #116479]

Culture medium link

Medium recipe provided by DSMZ

		Temperature
[Ref.: #6889]	growth	20 °C
[Ref.: #31679]	optimum	22 °C
[Ref.: #41745]	growth	20 °C

	pH	Kind of pH		pH
[Ref.: #31679]			optimum	07-09
[Ref.: #31679]			growth	07-09

Information on physiology and metabolism Physiology and metabolism

[Ref.: #31679]	Oxygen tolerance	aerobe
[Ref.: #116479]	Oxygen tolerance	obligate aerobe

[Ref.: #31679]	Ability of spore formation	no
[Ref.: #69480]	Ability of spore formation	no Confidence in %97.251

	Halophily	Salt	Tested relation		Salt conc.
[Ref.: #31679]		NaCl		growth	7.25	%
[Ref.: #31679]		NaCl		optimum	7.25	%

[Ref.: #31679]

Observation

aggregates in chains

	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
[Ref.: #31679]	acetate ChEBI	+	carbon source
[Ref.: #31679]	glutamate ChEBI	+	carbon source
[Ref.: #31679]	lactate ChEBI	+	carbon source
[Ref.: #31679]	leucine ChEBI	+	carbon source
[Ref.: #116479]	nitrate ChEBI	+	reduction
[Ref.: #116479]	nitrite ChEBI	-	reduction
[Ref.: #31679]	pyruvate ChEBI	+	carbon source

	Metabolite production	Metabolite	Production
[Ref.: #116479]		indole ChEBI	no

	Enzyme	Enzyme activity	EC number
[Ref.: #68382]	acid phosphatase	-	3.1.3.2	* from API zym
[Ref.: #31679]	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1
[Ref.: #68382]	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68382]	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68382]	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68382]	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68382]	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68382]	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68382]	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68382]	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68382]	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	* from API zym
[Ref.: #31679]	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
[Ref.: #116479]	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
[Ref.: #68382]	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	* from API zym
[Ref.: #31679]	cytochrome oxidase	+	1.9.3.1
[Ref.: #68382]	esterase (C 4)	-		* from API zym
[Ref.: #68382]	esterase lipase (C 8)	-		* from API zym
[Ref.: #68382]	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68382]	lipase (C 14)	-		* from API zym
[Ref.: #68382]	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68382]	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		* from API zym
[Ref.: #116479]	oxidase	+
[Ref.: #68382]	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	* from API zym
[Ref.: #116479]	urease	-	3.5.1.5
[Ref.: #68382]	valine arylamidase	-		* from API zym
	Only first 10 entries are displayed. Click here to see all.

API® zym:

Note that the displayed test results represent raw data and therefore may deviate!

	API ID	Control	2-naphthyl phosphateAlkaline phosphatase	2-naphthyl butyrateEsterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	2-naphthyl myristateLipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamideTrypsin	N-glutaryl-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamidealpha- Chymotrypsin	2-naphthyl phosphateAcid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	6-Br-2-naphthyl-alphaD-galactpyranosidealpha- Galactosidase	2-naphthyl-betaD-galactpyranosidebeta- Galactosidase	Naphthol-AS-BI-betaD-glucuronidebeta- Glucuronidase	2-naphthyl-alphaD-glucopyranosidealpha- Glucosidase	6-Br-2-naphthyl-betaD-glucopyranosidebeta- Glucosidase	1-naphthyl-N-acetyl-betaD-glucosaminideN-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	6-Br-2-naphthyl-alphaD-mannopyranosidealpha- Mannosidase	2-naphthyl-alphaL-fucopyranosidealpha- Fucosidase
[Ref.: #116479]	12210	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Information on isolation source, the sampling and environmental conditions Isolation, sampling and environmental information

[Ref.: #6889]	Sample type/isolated from	permafrost sediment cores
[Ref.: #6889]	Geographic location (country and/or sea, region)	Siberia, Kolyma lowland
[Ref.: #6889]	Country	Russia
[Ref.: #6889]	Country ISO 3 Code	RUS
[Ref.: #6889]	Continent	Asia

[Ref.: #116479]	Sample type/isolated from	Siberian permafrost
[Ref.: #116479]	Country	Russian Federation
[Ref.: #116479]	Country ISO 3 Code	RUS
[Ref.: #116479]	Continent	Europe
* marker position based on {}

Isolation sources categories

#Environmental	#Aquatic	#Sediment
#Environmental	#Terrestrial	#Core sample
#Environmental	#Terrestrial	#Permafrost

What are isolation sources categories?

[Ref.: #69479]

Global distribution of 16S sequence AY444822 (>99% sequence identity) for Psychrobacter from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	3187
Soil Samples	925
Animal Samples	3350
Plant Samples	172
Total Samples	7634

Information on possible application of the strain and its possible interaction with e.g. potential hosts Safety information

[Ref.: #6889]	Biosafety level	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
[Ref.: #116479]	Biosafety level	1	Risk group (French classification)

Information on genomic background e.g. entries in nucleic sequence databass Sequence information

16S Sequence information:

	Sequence accession description	Seq. accession number	Sequence length (bp)	Sequence database	Associated NCBI tax ID
[Ref.: #6889]	Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 small subunit ribosomal RNA (rrn) gene, partial sequence	AY444822	1504	GenBank ENA	259536 tax ID

Genome sequence information:

	Sequence accession description	Seq. accession number	Assembly level	Sequence database	Associated NCBI tax ID
[Ref.: #66792]	Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4	GCA_000012305	complete	GenBank ENA	259536 tax ID	*
[Ref.: #66792]	Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4	259536.19	complete	PATRIC	259536 tax ID	*
[Ref.: #66792]	Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4	637000226	complete	JGI IMG/M	259536 tax ID	*

[Ref.: #31679]

GC-content

42.7 mol%

Data predicted using genome information as a basis Genome-based predictions

	Trait	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
	Predictions from Diaspora project based on: Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 273-4 NCBI: GCA_000012305.1
[Ref.: #69480]	motile	no	86.806	no
[Ref.: #69480]	flagellated	no	92.146	yes
[Ref.: #69480]	gram-positive	no	98.351	yes
[Ref.: #69480]	anaerobic	no	99.021	yes
[Ref.: #69480]	halophile	yes	73.555	yes
[Ref.: #69480]	spore-forming	no	97.251	yes
[Ref.: #69480]	thermophile	no	98.903	yes
[Ref.: #69480]	glucose-util	no	75.859	no
[Ref.: #69480]	aerobic	yes	80.863	yes
[Ref.: #69480]	glucose-ferment	no	94.151	no

Availability in culture collections External links

[Ref.: #6889]

Culture collection no.

DSM 17307, CIP 109905, VKM B-2377

[Ref.: #77606]

SI-ID 297302

Literature:

Only first 10 entries are displayed. Click here to see all.

	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Enzymology	Cell-wall associated polysaccharide from the psychrotolerant bacterium Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4: isolation, purification and structural elucidation.	Casillo A, Ricciardelli A, Parrilli E, Tutino ML, Corsaro MM	Extremophiles	10.1007/s00792-019-01113-8	2019	*
Metabolism	Lipid A structural characterization from the LPS of the Siberian psychro-tolerant Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 grown at low temperature.	Casillo A, Ziaco M, Lindner B, Parrilli E, Schwudke D, Holgado A, Beyaert R, Lanzetta R, Tutino ML, Corsaro MM	Extremophiles	10.1007/s00792-018-1051-6	2018	*
Enzymology	Biochemical characterization of ParI, an orphan C5-DNA methyltransferase from Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4.	Grgic M, Williamson A, Kjaereng Bjerga GE, Altermark B, Leiros I	Protein Expr Purif	10.1016/j.pep.2018.05.012	2018	*
Phylogeny	Psychrobacter glaciei sp. nov., isolated from the ice core of an Arctic glacier.	Zeng YX, Yu Y, Liu Y, Li HR	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.000939	2016	*
Phylogeny	Structural Investigation of the Oligosaccharide Portion Isolated from the Lipooligosaccharide of the Permafrost Psychrophile Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4.	Casillo A, Parrilli E, Filomena S, Lindner B, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M, Tutino ML, Corsaro MM	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md13074539	2015	*
Metabolism	DNA double-strand break repair at--15{degrees}C.	Dieser M, Battista JR, Christner BC	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/AEM.02845-13	2013	*
Enzymology	Branched-chain 2-keto acid decarboxylases derived from Psychrobacter.	Wei J, Timler JG, Knutson CM, Barney BM	FEMS Microbiol Lett	10.1111/1574-6968.12208	2013	*
Enzymology	Biofilm formation by Psychrobacter arcticus and the role of a large adhesin in attachment to surfaces.	Hinsa-Leasure SM, Koid C, Tiedje JM, Schultzhaus JN	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/AEM.00867-13	2013	*
Metabolism	Toward understanding life under subzero conditions: the significance of exploring psychrophilic "cold-shock" proteins.	Kuhn E	Astrobiology	10.1089/ast.2012.0858	2012	*
Biotechnology	Functional expression and characterization of five wax ester synthases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their utility for biodiesel production.	Shi S, Valle-Rodriguez JO, Khoomrung S, Siewers V, Nielsen J	Biotechnol Biofuels	10.1186/1754-6834-5-7	2012	*
Enzymology	Structure and function of the first full-length murein peptide ligase (Mpl) cell wall recycling protein.	Das D, Herve M, Feuerhelm J, Farr CL, Chiu HJ, Elsliger MA, Knuth MW, Klock HE, Miller MD, Godzik A, Lesley SA, Deacon AM, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Wilson IA	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0017624	2011	*
Genetics	The genome sequence of Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4, a psychroactive Siberian permafrost bacterium, reveals mechanisms for adaptation to low-temperature growth.	Ayala-del-Rio HL, Chain PS, Grzymski JJ, Ponder MA, Ivanova N, Bergholz PW, Di Bartolo G, Hauser L, Land M, Bakermans C, Rodrigues D, Klappenbach J, Zarka D, Larimer F, Richardson P, Murray A, Thomashow M, Tiedje JM	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/AEM.02101-09	2010	*
Metabolism	Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 uses resource efficiency and molecular motion adaptations for subzero temperature growth.	Bergholz PW, Bakermans C, Tiedje JM	J Bacteriol	10.1128/JB.01377-08	2009	*
Metabolism	Metabolic activity of Siberian permafrost isolates, Psychrobacter arcticus and Exiguobacterium sibiricum, at low water activities.	Ponder MA, Thomashow MF, Tiedje JM	Extremophiles	10.1007/s00792-008-0151-0	2008	*
Phylogeny	Psychrobacter cryohalolentis sp. nov. and Psychrobacter arcticus sp. nov., isolated from Siberian permafrost.	Bakermans C, Ayala-Del-Rio HL, Ponder MA, Vishnivetskaya T, Gilichinsky D, Thomashow MF, Tiedje JM	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.64043-0	2006	*
	Physicochemical Approach to Understanding the Structure, Conformation, and Activity of Mannan Polysaccharides.	Casillo A, Fabozzi A, Russo Krauss I, Parrilli E, Biggs CI, Gibson MI, Lanzetta R, Appavou MS, Radulescu A, Tutino ML, Paduano L, Corsaro MM	Biomacromolecules	10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01659	2021	*
	Development and use of genetic system to identify genes required for efficient low-temperature growth of Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4.	Bakermans C, Sloup RE, Zarka DG, Tiedje JM, Thomashow MF	Extremophiles	10.1007/s00792-008-0193-3	2008	*

References

#6889

Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 17307

#20215

Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )

#31679

Barberan A, Caceres Velazquez H, Jones S, Fierer N.: Hiding in Plain Sight: Mining Bacterial Species Records for Phenotypic Trait Information. mSphere 2: 2017 ( DOI 10.1128/mSphere.00237-17 , PubMed 28776041 ) - originally annotated from #27956 (see below)

#41745 ; Curators of the CIP;

#66792

Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .

#68382

Automatically annotated from API zym .

#69479

João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .

#69480

Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Predictions based on genome sequence made in the Diaspora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .

#77606

Reimer, L.C., Lissin, A.,Schober, I., Witte,J.F., Podstawka, A., Lüken, H., Bunk, B.,Overmann, J.: StrainInfo: A central database for resolving microbial strain identifiers . ( DOI 10.60712/SI-ID297302.1 )

#116479 Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 109905

#27956

IJSEM 1285 2006 ( DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.64043-0 , PubMed 16738105 )

* These data were automatically processed and therefore are not curated

Change proposal

You found an error in BacDive? Please tell us about it!

Note that changes will be reviewed and judged. If your changes are legitimate, changes will occur within the next BacDive update. Only proposed changes supported by the according reference will be reviewed. The BacDive team reserves the right to reject proposed changes.

Search for species Psychrobacter arcticus in external resources:
SILVA
BRENDA
PANGAEA
GBIF

Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 273-4

Change proposal

Change proposal