Kocuria varians (DSM 20033, ATCC 15306, CCM 884)

Name: Kocuria varians (DSM 20033, ATCC 15306, CCM 884)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 7642

Type strain

Strain Designation G 33, G33

Culture col. no. DSM 20033 ATCC 15306 CCM 884 NCDO 777 NCTC 7564 25 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 1272

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM CIP Wink compendium JMRC

History DSMZ <- CCM <- NCTC <- T. Gibson, G 33 (Staphylococcus lactis) JCM <-- GIFU 9844 <-- ATCC 15306 <-- T. Gibson G33 ("Staphylococcus lactis"). CIP <- 1981, CCM <- NCTC, Staphylococcus lactis <- T. Gibson: strain G33

Links

Kocuria varians G 33 is a facultative anaerobe, Gram-positive, coccus-shaped bacterium that was isolated from milk.

Gram-positive coccus-shaped facultative anaerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 13981

LMG 14231,ATCC 15306,CCM 884,CCRC 12152,IAM 13594,IFO 15358,NCFB 624,NCFB 777,NCIMB 11697,NCTC 7564,NBIMCC 8958,NCIB 11697,CCUG 3705,CCUG 35392,NCDO 624,NCDO 777,JCM 7238,VKM B-1232,VKM B-1827,CECT 230,CECT 5054,IMET 11364,NBRC 15358,HAMBI 1951,HAMBI 40,BCRC 12152,CCT 4492,VKM Ac-2215,VTT E-97857,DSM 20033,CIP 81.73

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:26:42

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Actinomycetota

Class Actinomycetes

Order Micrococcales

Family Micrococcaceae

Genus Kocuria

Species Kocuria varians

Full scientific name Kocuria varians (Migula 1900) Stackebrandt et al. 1995

Synonyms (1)

Micrococcus varians

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Kocuria varians** (5)	Type strain
146338	K. varians CCUG 30959
149539	K. varians CCUG 37929
153891	K. varians CCUG 51540
162783	K. varians JCM 20145, ATCC 399, CCM 2492, IAM 12080, ...
162924	K. varians JCM 20436, ATCC 383, CCM 2490, IAM 12146

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Confidence
123800	positive	coccus-shaped
125438			93
125438	positive		92.416
125439	positive		93.393

Colony morphology

@ref	Colony color	Incubation period	Medium used	Hemolysis ability
18619	Lemon yellow (1012)	10-14 days	5006
18619	Lemon yellow (1012)	10-14 days	5425
18619	Lemon yellow (1012)	10-14 days	5428
18619	Lemon yellow (1012)	10-14 days	5530
18619	Lemon yellow (1012)	10-14 days	ISP 2
123800				0

Multicellular morphology

@ref	Forms multicellular complex	Medium name
18619		ISP 2
18619		5006
18619		5425
18619		5428
18619		5530

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
8441	CORYNEBACTERIUM AGAR (DSMZ Medium 53)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: CORYNEBACTERIUM AGAR (DSMZ Medium 53) Composition: Agar 15.0 g/l Casein peptone 10.0 g/l NaCl 5.0 g/l Glucose 5.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l Distilled water
18619	ISP 2		Name: ISP 2 / Yeast Malt Agar (5265); 5265 Composition Malt extract 10.0 g/l Yeast extract 4.0 g/l Glucose 4.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Preparation: Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.0 Usage: Maintenance and Taxonomy Organisms: All Actinomycetes
18619	5006		Medium: 5006 Name: Composition (g/l) Sucrose 3,0 Dextrin 15,0 Meat extract 1,0 Yeast extract 2,0 Tryptone soy broth (Oxoid) 5,0 NaCl 0,5 K2HPO4 0,5 MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0,5 FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0,01 Agar 20,0 Preparation: Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7,3 Usage: Maintenance Organisms: All Actinomycetes
18619	5425		Name: Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Agar; 5425 Composition: Calf brain infusion 200.0 g/l Beef heart infusion 250.0 g/l Casein (meat) peptone 10.0 g/l Glucose 2.0 g/l NaCl 5.0 g/l Na2HPO4 2.5 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Preparation: Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.4 Usage: Maintenance and revitalization Organisms: Dermatophilus congolensis, Nocardia brasieliensis, N. asteroides, Rhodococcus equi, R. fascians, R. rhodochrous, Streptomyces thermoviol aceus subsp. apingens, Coryneform species
18619	5428
18619	5530
37627	MEDIUM 3 - Columbia agar		Columbia agar (39.000 g);distilled water (1000.000 ml)
123800	CIP Medium 3	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
8441	positive	growth	30
18619	positive	optimum	28
37627	positive	growth	30
67770	positive	growth	28
123800	positive	growth	15-30
123800	negative	growth	45

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
123800	facultative anaerobe
125439	obligate aerobe	98.007

Murein

@ref	Murein short key	Type
8441	A11.07	A3alpha L-Lys-L-Ala₄

Observation

67770

Observationquinones: MK-7(H_n), MK-7(H₂)

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68371	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68375	22599 ChEBI	arabinose	-	fermentation	from API ID32STA
68371	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68375	29016 ChEBI	arginine	-	hydrolysis	from API ID32STA
68371	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68375	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	-	fermentation	from API ID32STA
68371	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68375	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	+	fermentation	from API ID32STA
68371	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	12936 ChEBI	D-galactose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68375	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	fermentation	from API ID32STA
68371	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68375	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	fermentation	from API ID32STA
68371	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68375	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	-	fermentation	from API ID32STA
68371	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68375	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	-	fermentation	from API ID32STA
68379	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68371	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17924 ChEBI	D-sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68371	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis	from API Coryne
68375	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis	from API ID32STA
68371	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	-	hydrolysis	from API Coryne
68371	28066 ChEBI	gentiobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	24265 ChEBI	gluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68371	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	17716 ChEBI	lactose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68375	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	fermentation	from API ID32STA
68371	17716 ChEBI	lactose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68375	17306 ChEBI	maltose	-	fermentation	from API ID32STA
68371	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68375	59640 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	-	fermentation	from API ID32STA
68371	59640 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction	from API Coryne
68375	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction	from API ID32STA
123800	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction
123800	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68375	18257 ChEBI	ornithine	-	degradation	from API ID32STA
68371	0 ChEBI	Potassium 2-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	0 ChEBI	Potassium 5-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68375	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	fermentation	from API ID32STA
68371	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17814 ChEBI	salicin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28017 ChEBI	starch	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68379	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68375	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-	fermentation	from API ID32STA
68371	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68375	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	-	fermentation	from API ID32STA
68371	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68375	32528 ChEBI	turanose	-	fermentation	from API ID32STA
68379	16199 ChEBI	urea	+	hydrolysis	from API Coryne
68375	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API ID32STA
68371	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid

Antibiotic resistance

@ref	ChEBI	Group ID	Metabolite	Is sensitive	Sensitivity conc.	Is resistant
123800			0129 (2,4-Diamino-6,7-di-iso-propylpteridine phosphate)
68375	28368	0	novobiocin		1.8 µg		from API ID32STA

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
68375	15688 ChEBI	acetoin		from API ID32STA
123800	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test
68375	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-	from API ID32STA

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
123800	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68379	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API Coryne
68375	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API ID32STA
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68379	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API Coryne
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
68375	arginine dihydrolase	-	3.5.3.6	from API ID32STA
68382	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API zym
123800	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23
68375	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API ID32STA
68379	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API Coryne
68382	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68375	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API ID32STA
68379	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API Coryne
68379	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API Coryne
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
68375	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API ID32STA
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	-		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
123800	gelatinase	-
68379	gelatinase	-		from API Coryne
68375	L-arginine arylamidase	-		from API ID32STA
123800	lecithinase	-
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
123800	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68379	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API Coryne
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	-		from API zym
123800	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
68375	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17	from API ID32STA
68379	pyrazinamidase	-	3.5.1.B15	from API Coryne
68375	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	-	3.4.19.3	from API ID32STA
68379	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	+	3.4.19.3	from API Coryne
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
123800	urease	+	3.5.1.5
68375	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API ID32STA
68379	urease	+	3.5.1.5	from API Coryne
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

API coryne

@ref	Reduction of nitrateNIT	PYZ	PYRA	PAL	beta GUR	beta GAL	alpha GLU	beta NAG	ESC	URE	GEL	Control fermentationControl	GLU	RIB	XYL	MAN	MAL	LAC	SAC	GLYG	CAT
18619	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	not determinedn.d.	+	-	+	-	+	+	+	+	not determinedn.d.

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
18619	not determinedn.d.	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	-

API 50CHac

@ref	ControlQ	GLY	ERY	DARA	LARA	RIB	DXYL	LXYL	ADO	MDX	GAL	GLU	FRU	MNE	SBE	RHA	DUL	INO	MAN	SOR	MDM	MDG	NAG	AMY	ARB	ESC	SAL	CEL	MAL	LAC	MEL	SAC	TRE	INU	MLZ	RAF	AMD	GLYG	XLT	GEN	TUR	LYX	TAG	DFUC	LFUC	DARL	LARL	GNT	2KG	5KG
123800	not determinedn.d.	-	-	-	-	+	+/-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

API ID32STA

@ref	URE	ADH (Arg)	ODC	ESC	GLU	FRU	MNE	MAL	LAC	TRE	MAN	RAF	RIB	CEL	Reduction of nitrateNIT	Acetoin production (Voges Proskauer test)VP	beta GAL	L-arginine arylamidaseArgA	PAL	Pyrrolidonyl arylamidasePyrA	NOVO	SAC	NAG	TUR	ARA	beta GUR
8441	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

API biotype100

@ref	ControlQ	D-glucose as carbon sourceGLU	D-fructose as carbon sourceFRU	D-galactose as carbon sourceGAL	D-trehalose as carbon sourceTRE	D-mannose as carbon sourceMNE	L-sorbose as carbon sourceSBE	D-melibiose as carbon sourceMEL	sucrose as carbon sourceSAC	D-raffinose as carbon sourceRAF	maltotriose as carbon sourceMTE	maltose as carbon sourceMAL	lactose as carbon sourceLAC	lactulose as carbon sourceLTE	1-O-methyl-beta-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGa	1-O-methyl-alpha-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMaGa	D-cellobiose as carbon sourceCEL	gentiobiose as carbon sourceGEN	1-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGu	esculin as carbon sourceESC	D-ribose as carbon sourceRIB	L-arabinose as carbon sourceARA	D-xylose as carbon sourceXYL	palatinose as carbon sourcePLE	L-rhamnose as carbon sourceRHA	L-fucose as carbon sourceFUC	D-melezitose as carbon sourceMLZ	D-arabitol as carbon sourceDARL	L-arabitol as carbon sourceLARL	xylitol as carbon sourceXLT	dulcitol as carbon sourceDUL	D-tagatose as carbon sourceTAG	glycerol as carbon sourceGLY	myo-inositol as carbon sourceINO	D-mannitol as carbon sourceMAN	maltitol as carbon sourceMTL	D-turanose as carbon sourceTUR	D-sorbitol as carbon sourceSOR	adonitol as carbon sourceADO	hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide as carbon sourceHBG	D-lyxose as carbon sourceLYX	i-erythritol as carbon sourceERY	1-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucoside as carbon sourceMDG	3-O-methyl-D-glucose as carbon source3MDG	D-saccharate as carbon sourceSAT	mucate as carbon sourceMUC	L-tartrate as carbon sourceLTAT	D-tartrate as carbon sourceDTAT	meso-tartrate as carbon sourceMTAT	D-malate as carbon sourceDMLT	L-malate as carbon sourceLMLT	cis-aconitate as carbon sourceCATE	trans-aconitate as carbon sourceTATE	tricarballylate as carbon sourceTTE	citrate as carbon sourceCIT	D-glucuronate as carbon sourceGRT	D-galacturonate as carbon sourceGAT	2-ketogluconate as carbon source2KG	5-ketogluconate as carbon source5KG	tryptophan as carbon sourceTRY	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as carbon sourceNAG	D-gluconate as carbon sourceGNT	phenylacetate as carbon sourcePAC	protocatechuate as carbon sourcePAT	4-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcepOBE	quinate as carbon sourceQAT	gentisate as carbon sourceGTE	3-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcemOBE	benzoate as carbon sourceBAT	3-phenylpropionate as carbon sourcePPAT	m-coumarate as carbon sourceCMT	trigonelline as carbon sourceTGE	betaine as carbon sourceBET	putrescine as carbon sourcePCE	4-aminobutyrate as carbon sourceABT	histamine as carbon sourceHIN	DL-lactate as carbon sourceLAT	caprate as carbon sourceCAP	caprylate as carbon sourceCYT	L-histidine as carbon sourceHIS	succinate as carbon sourceSUC	fumarate as carbon sourceFUM	glutarate as carbon sourceGRE	DL-glycerate as carbon sourceGYT	5-aminovalerate as carbon sourceAVT	ethanolamine as carbon sourceETN	tryptamine as carbon sourceTTN	D-glucosamine as carbon sourceGLN	itaconate as carbon sourceITA	3-hydroxybutyrate as carbon source3OBU	L-aspartate as carbon sourceAPT	L-glutamate as carbon sourceGTT	L-proline as carbon sourcePRO	D-alanine as carbon sourceDALA	L-alanine as carbon sourceLALA	L-serine as carbon sourceSER	malonate as carbon sourceMNT	propionate as carbon sourcePROP	L-tyrosine as carbon sourceTYR	2-ketoglutarate as carbon source2KT
123800	not determinedn.d.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Host Body Product	#Fluids	#Milk
#Engineered	#Food production	#Dairy product

Isolation

@ref	Sample type
8441	milk
67770	Milk
123800	Food, Milk

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence X87754 (>99% sequence identity) for Kocuria varians from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	81
Soil Samples	44
Animal Samples	516
Plant Samples	10
Total Samples	651

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
8441	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
18619	1	Hazard group According to TRBA 466
123800	1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
67770	ASM653988v1 assembly for Kocuria varians NBRC 15358	contig	GCA_006539885	1272.7	8110915691	1272	69.51

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
20218	Kocuria varians 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AF542074	1333	1272
8441	M.varians 16S rRNA gene	X87754	1481	1272
124043	Kocuria varians strain CCM 884 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	MT760256	1357	1272

GC content

@ref	GC-content (mol%)
8441	69.0
67770	69

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: ASM653988v1 assembly for Kocuria varians NBRC 15358
NCBI: GCA_006539885

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	obligate aerobe	98.01	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	positive	93.39	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	75.21	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	89.22	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Kocuria varians strain NBRC 15358
PATRIC: 1272.7

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	92.42	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	97.00	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	75.51	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	yes	78.20	yes
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	91.13	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	93.00	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Enzymology	Two cases of peritonitis caused by Kocuria marina in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.	Lee JY, Kim SH, Jeong HS, Oh SH, Kim HR, Kim YH, Lee JN, Kook JK, Kho WG, Bae IK, Shin JH.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.00847-09	2009
Phylogeny	Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of the 16S rRNA gene V1 region to monitor dynamic changes in the bacterial population during fermentation of Italian sausages.	Cocolin L, Manzano M, Cantoni C, Comi G.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.67.11.5113-5121.2001	2001
Enzymology	The Validation of the Sample6 DETECT^TM HT/L for AOAC Research Institute.	Banerjee K, Peirson B, Hu C, Carrier E, Malsick L, Tarasova Y, Daudenarde S, Brownell D, Koeris M, Klass N, Bird P, Benzinger MJ, Agin J, Goins D.	J AOAC Int	10.5740/jaoacint.17-0484	2018
Enzymology	Microbial quality and direct PCR identification of lactic acid bacteria and nonpathogenic Staphylococci from artisanal low-acid sausages.	Aymerich T, Martin B, Garriga M, Hugas M.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.69.8.4583-4594.2003	2003
Phylogeny	Distribution of Staphylococcus species among human clinical specimens and emended description of Staphylococcus caprae.	Kawamura Y, Hou XG, Sultana F, Hirose K, Miyake M, Shu SE, Ezaki T.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.36.7.2038-2042.1998	1998
Phylogeny	Distribution and phylogenetic analysis of family 19 chitinases in Actinobacteria.	Kawase T, Saito A, Sato T, Kanai R, Fujii T, Nikaidou N, Miyashita K, Watanabe T.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.70.2.1135-1144.2004	2004
	Study of the probiotic potential and evaluation of the survival rate of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum lyophilized as a function of cryoprotectant.	Yuste A, Arosemena EL, Calvo MA.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-021-98723-0	2021
	Kocuria species: an underappreciated pathogen in pediatric patients-a single-center retrospective analysis of 10 years' experience in China.	Zhang Y, Hu Q, Li Z, Kang Z, Zhang L.	Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116078	2023
	Relapsing Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis due to Kocuria rhizophila: A Case Report.	Nakata M, Kuji H, Toishi T, Inoue T, Kawaji A, Matsunami M, Fukuda J, Ohara M, Suzuki T.	Case Rep Nephrol Dial	10.1159/000534765	2024
	Biocide Tolerance and Impact of Sanitizer Concentrations on the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Originating from Cheese.	Gyorgy E, Unguran KA, Laslo E.	Foods	10.3390/foods12213937	2023
	Comparative Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Provides New Insights into the Aflatoxin B₁ Biodegradability by Kocuria rosea from Deep Sea.	Wang J, Nan J.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms13040875	2025
Phylogeny	First human case report of bloodstream infection caused by Kocuria indica in a patient with chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.	Kitagawa D, Kogata S, Nakahata K, Kishida S, Kimura K, Yamauchi K, Yonekura T, Kitano T, Kasamatsu T, Shiraishi N, Suzuki S, Yamamoto A, Uejima R, Suzuki Y, Nakano A, Nakano R, Yano H, Maeda K, Nakamura F.	ASM Case Rep	10.1128/asmcr.00066-24	2025
	Antibiotic Use in Beekeeping: Implications for Health and Environment from a One-Health Perspective.	Mosca M, Gyorffy A, Milito M, Di Ruggiero C, De Carolis A, Pietropaoli M, Giannetti L, Necci F, Marini F, Smedile D, Iurescia M, Franco A, Battisti A, Rombola P, Guarducci M, Formato G.	Antibiotics (Basel)	10.3390/antibiotics14040359	2025
	A Rare Case of Pediatric Central Venous Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection With Kocuria Varians.	Mathew A, Nath JR, Modaweb A, Lone R, Abuhammour W.	Cureus	10.7759/cureus.18200	2021
	Genotypic and Technological Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Sucuk: A Preliminary Screening of Potential Starter Cultures.	Kaya M, Sayin B, Topcu KC, Karadayi M, Kamiloglu A, Gulluce M, Kaban G.	Foods	10.3390/foods14203495	2025
	Dynamic interspecies interactions and robustness in a four-species model biofilm.	Baliarda A, Winkler M, Tournier L, Tinsley CR, Aymerich S.	Microbiologyopen	10.1002/mbo3.1254	2021
	Case Report: Case Series of Kocuria palustris Bacteremia among Immunocompromised Patients.	Varghese G, Jamwal A, Sarawat D, Sahu C, Patel SS, Tejan N.	Am J Trop Med Hyg	10.4269/ajtmh.23-0377	2023
Genetics	Characterization of psychrotrophic and thermoduric bacteria in raw milk using a multi-omics approach.	Qin X, Cheng J, Qiu Y, Guan N, Gupta TB, Wu S, Jiang Y, Yang X, Man C.	Microb Genom	10.1099/mgen.0.001311	2024
Genetics	Deciphering Microbial Shifts in the Gut and Lung Microbiomes of COVID-19 Patients	Pusadkar V, Mazumder A, Azad A, Patil D, Azad R.	Microorganisms		2024
	Characterizing Environmental Background Microflora and Assessing Their Influence on Listeria Persistence in Dairy Processing Environment.	Poswal V, Anand S, Kraus B.	Foods	10.3390/foods14101694	2025
	Differences of Microbiomes Found in Non-Inflammatory and Inflammatory Lesions of Acne Vulgaris.	Jusuf NK, Putra IB, Sari L.	Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol	10.2147/ccid.s272334	2020
Metabolism	Comparative study between two red algae for biosynthesis silver nanoparticles capping by SDS: Insights of characterization and antibacterial activity.	Hamouda RA, Abd El-Mongy M, Eid KF.	Microb Pathog	10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.016	2019
Biotechnology	Enzymatic Inactivation of Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Bacteria in Biofilms in Combination with Chlorine.	Kim MJ, Lim ES, Kim JS.	J Food Prot	10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-244	2019
	Veillonella dispar and V. atypica increased the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in liquid culture and biofilm conditions.	Shedleur-Bourguignon F, Theriault WP, Berthiaume F, Doghri I, Longpre J, Thibodeau A, Fravalo P.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0332852	2025
Metabolism	Recovering traditional raw-milk Tetilla cheese flavour and sensory attributes by using Kocuria varians and Yarrowia lipolytica adjunct cultures.	Centeno JA, Garabal JI, Docampo F, Lorenzo JM, Carballo J.	Int J Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.03.014	2017
Pathogenicity	Are multiple-use bottles of chlorhexidine solutions at risk of contamination in joint replacement surgery?	Aquilina CO, Aquilina AL, Webb J, Albur M, Whitehouse MR.	Ann R Coll Surg Engl	10.1308/rcsann.2021.0217	2022
	Comparative biochemical analysis of full-length and truncated BaqA alpha-amylases from Bacillus aquimaris MKSC 6.2.	Ulpiyana A, Frima FK, Annisa DS, Tan JC, Puspasari F, Aditama R, Ihsanawati, Natalia D.	Heliyon	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33667	2024
Metabolism	Ability of Kocuria varians LTH 1540 To Degrade Putrescine: Identification and Characterization of a Novel Amine Oxidase.	Callejon S, Sendra R, Ferrer S, Pardo I.	J Agric Food Chem	10.1021/jf5026967	2015
Phylogeny	Peripherally inserted central catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by Kocuria marina in an elderly man.	Mori N, Nishihara Y, Tayama H, Higuchi A, Aoki Y.	Infection	10.1007/s15010-017-0980-9	2017
	Influence of starter cultures and KCl on some biochemical, microbiological and sensory features of soppressata molisana, an Italian fermented sausage	Di Luccia A, Tremonte P, Trani A, Loizzo P, La Gatta B, Succi M, Sorrentino E, Coppola R.	Eur Food Res Technol	10.1007/s00217-015-2591-y	2016
Enzymology	Flagellar Motility During E. coli Biofilm Formation Provides a Competitive Disadvantage Which Recedes in the Presence of Co-Colonizers.	Benyoussef W, Deforet M, Monmeyran A, Henry N.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2022.896898	2022
	Semen collection methods affect the bacterial composition of post-thawed semen of silver barb (Barbodes gonionotus).	Boonthai T, Khaopong W, Sangsong J, Sooksawat T, Nimrat S, Vuthiphandchai V.	Anim Reprod Sci	10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.01.007	2016
	Catheter-related bacteremia caused by Kocuria salsicia: the first case.	Sohn KM, Baek JY, Kim SH, Cheon S, Kim YS.	J Infect Chemother	10.1016/j.jiac.2014.11.005	2015
	Effect of Starter Cultures on Quality of Fermented Sausages.	Hwang J, Kim Y, Seo Y, Sung M, Oh J, Yoon Y.	Food Sci Anim Resour	10.5851/kosfa.2022.e75	2023
	Conjunctival sac bacterial culture of patients using levofloxacin eye drops before cataract surgery: a real-world, retrospective study.	Wang Z, Zhang P, Huang C, Guo Y, Dong X, Li X.	BMC Ophthalmol	10.1186/s12886-022-02544-2	2022
Metabolism	Effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on growth, metabolism, and virulence of the plant pathogenic bacterium Acidovorax citrulli.	Kim YR, Sang MK.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2023.1228713	2023
	Multiple-omics analysis of three novel haloalkaliphilic species of Kocuria revealed that the phenolic acid-degrading abilities are ubiquitous in the genus	Xu L, Sun R, Zeng J, Wei H, Shen B, Sun J.	Front Microbiol		2025
Enzymology	Halophilic characterization of starch-binding domain from Kocuria varians alpha-amylase.	Yamaguchi R, Inoue Y, Tokunaga H, Ishibashi M, Arakawa T, Sumitani J, Kawaguchi T, Tokunaga M.	Int J Biol Macromol	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.10.007	2012
Metabolism	Distinct characteristics of single starch-binding domain SBD1 derived from tandem domains SBD1-SBD2 of halophilic Kocuria varians alpha-amylase.	Yamaguchi R, Arakawa T, Tokunaga H, Ishibashi M, Tokunaga M.	Protein J	10.1007/s10930-012-9400-2	2012
Metabolism	Structure of starch binding domains of halophilic alpha-amylase at low pH.	Yamaguchi R, Ishibashi M, Tokunaga H, Arakawa T, Tokunaga M.	Protein Pept Lett	10.2174/0929866511320070004	2013
Metabolism	Effects of salt and ligand concentrations on the thermal unfolding and refolding of halophilic starch-binding domain from Kocuria varians alpha-amylase.	Yamaguchi R, Arakawa T, Tokunaga H, Ishibashi M, Tokunaga M.	Protein Pept Lett	10.2174/092986612799363082	2012
Metabolism	Four species of bacteria deterministically assemble to form a stable biofilm in a millifluidic channel.	Monmeyran A, Benyoussef W, Thomen P, Dahmane N, Baliarda A, Jules M, Aymerich S, Henry N.	NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes	10.1038/s41522-021-00233-4	2021
	Report of two paediatric cases of central line infections caused by species of the genus Kocuria.	Bhavsar SM, Hamula CL, Dingle TC.	JMM Case Rep	10.1099/jmmcr.0.005040	2016
	Probing potential microbial coupling of carbon and nitrogen cycling during decomposition of maize residue by 13C-DNA-SIP	Fan F, Yin C, Tang Y, Li Z, Song A, Wakelin SA, Zou J, Liang Y.	Soil Biol Biochem	10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.12.002	2014
Biotechnology	In-depth characterization of food and environmental microbiomes across different meat processing plants.	Barcenilla C, Cobo-Diaz JF, Puente A, Valentino V, De Filippis F, Ercolini D, Carlino N, Pinto F, Segata N, Prieto M, Lopez M, Alvarez-Ordonez A.	Microbiome	10.1186/s40168-024-01856-3	2024
Enzymology	Interactions between Lactobacillus sakei and CNC (Staphylococcus xylosus and Kocuria varians) and their influence on proteolytic activity.	Tremonte P, Reale A, Di Renzo T, Tipaldi L, Di Luccia A, Coppola R, Sorrentino E, Succi M.	Lett Appl Microbiol	10.1111/j.1472-765x.2010.02939.x	2010
Enzymology	Salt-dependent thermo-reversible alpha-amylase: cloning and characterization of halophilic alpha-amylase from moderately halophilic bacterium, Kocuria varians.	Yamaguchi R, Tokunaga H, Ishibashi M, Arakawa T, Tokunaga M.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-010-2882-y	2011
	Antibacterial Activity of Ulva/Nanocellulose and Ulva/Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites and Both Blended with Fluoride against Bacteria Causing Dental Decay.	Hamouda RA, Qarabai FAK, Shahabuddin FS, Al-Shaikh TM, Makharita RR.	Polymers (Basel)	10.3390/polym15041047	2023
	Effects of vegetable powders as nitrite alternative in Italian dry fermented sausage.	Pennisi L, Verrocchi E, Paludi D, Vergara A.	Ital J Food Saf	10.4081/ijfs.2020.8422	2020
	Nonspecific Bacterial Flora Isolated from the Body Surface and Inside Ixodes ricinus Ticks.	Okla H, Sosnowska M, Jasik KP, Slodki J, Wojtyczka RD.	Pol J Microbiol	10.33073/pjm-2012-026	2012
Enzymology	Kocuria varians infection associated with brain abscess: a case report.	Tsai CY, Su SH, Cheng YH, Chou YL, Tsai TH, Lieu AS.	BMC Infect Dis	10.1186/1471-2334-10-102	2010
	A Review on the Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Formation and Reduction of Volatile Nitrosamines in Fermented Sausages.	Sallan S, Yilmaz Oral ZF, Kaya M.	Foods	10.3390/foods12040702	2023
Enzymology	Use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry to resolve complex clinical cases of patients with recurrent bacteremias.	Nori P, Ostrowsky B, Dorokhova O, Gialanella P, Moy M, Muggia V, Grossberg R, Kornblum J, Lin Y, Levi MH.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.00083-13	2013
Metabolism	Metabolism of nitrate in fermented meats: the characteristic feature of a specific group of fermented foods.	Hammes WP.	Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.fm.2011.06.016	2012
Biotechnology	Interactions between strains of Staphylococcus xylosus and Kocuria varians isolated from fermented meats.	Tremonte P, Succi M, Reale A, Di Renzo T, Sorrentino E, Coppola R.	J Appl Microbiol	10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03315.x	2007
	Infection control and outcome of staged reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the management of shoulder infections.	Boelch SP, Streck LE, Plumhoff P, Konrads C, Gohlke F, Rueckl K.	JSES Int	10.1016/j.jseint.2020.08.012	2020
	Staphylococcus pettenkoferi bacteremia: A case report and review of the literature.	Hashi AA, Delport JA, Elsayed S, Silverman MS.	Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol	10.1155/2015/748154	2015
	Antibiotic Resistance Profiles and ARG Detection from Isolated Bacteria in a Culture-Dependent Study at the Codfish Industry Level.	Ferri G, Lauteri C, Scattolini M, Vergara A.	Foods	10.3390/foods12081699	2023
Metabolism	Combined use of starter cultures and preservatives to control production of biogenic amines and improve sensorial profile in low-acid salami.	Coloretti F, Chiavari C, Armaforte E, Carri S, Castagnetti GB.	J Agric Food Chem	10.1021/jf802002z	2008
Enzymology	Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes of a Novel Halotolerant Alkalihalobacillus Species for Hydrolysis of Starch and Other Algal Polysaccharides.	Masasa M, Kushmaro A, Chernova H, Shashar N, Guttman L.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.01078-22	2022
Enzymology	Technological properties of autochthonous Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from sucuk (Turkish dry-fermented sausage).	Kamiloglu A, Kaban G, Kaya M.	Braz J Microbiol	10.1007/s42770-020-00262-9	2020
	Evaluation of bacterial contamination of dental unit waterlines and use of a newly designed measurement device to assess retraction of a dental chair unit.	Ji XY, Fei CN, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Liu J, Dong J.	Int Dent J	10.1111/idj.12225	2016
	Draft genome sequence of Kocuria sp. SM24M-10 isolated from coral mucus.	Palermo BR, Castro DB, Pereira LB, Cauz AC, Magalhaes BL, Carlos C, da Costa FL, Scagion GP, Higa JS, Almeida LD, das Neves Mda S, Cordeiro MA, do Prado PF, da Silva TM, Balsalobre TW, Paulino LC, Vicentini R, Ferraz LF, Ottoboni LM.	Genom Data	10.1016/j.gdata.2015.12.016	2016
	Pathogenic bacteria distributions and drug resistance analysis in 96 cases of neonatal sepsis.	Dong H, Cao H, Zheng H.	BMC Pediatr	10.1186/s12887-017-0789-9	2017
	Microbial flora of spermatophores from black tiger shrimp(Penaeus monodon) declines over long-term cryostorage	Nimrat S, Bart AN, Keatsaksit A, Vuthiphandchai V.	Aquaculture	10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.11.018	2008
	Behaviour of the constitutive biota of two types of Spanish dry-sausages ripened in a pilot-scale chamber.	Lopez C, Medina LM, Priego R, Jordano R.	Meat Sci	10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.10.014	2006
	Microbiological characteristics of "androlla", a Spanish traditional pork sausage	Garcia Fontan MC, Lorenzo JM, Parada A, Franco I, Carballo J.	Food Microbiol		2007
	Persistent bloodstream infection with Kocuria rhizophila related to a damaged central catheter.	Moissenet D, Becker K, Merens A, Ferroni A, Dubern B, Vu-Thien H.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.06038-11	2012
	Complete sequences of two novel bla _NDM-1-harbouring plasmids from two Acinetobacter towneri isolates in China associated with the acquisition of Tn125.	Zou D, Huang Y, Liu W, Yang Z, Dong D, Huang S, He X, Ao D, Liu N, Wang S, Wang Y, Tong Y, Yuan J, Huang L.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-017-09624-0	2017
Phylogeny	Molecular, technological and safety characterization of Gram-positive catalase-positive cocci from slightly fermented sausages.	Martin B, Garriga M, Hugas M, Bover-Cid S, Veciana-Nogues MT, Aymerich T.	Int J Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.08.024	2006
Pathogenicity	The application of a fermented food ingredient containing 'variacin', a novel antimicrobial produced by Kocuria varians, to control the growth of Bacillus cereus in chilled dairy products.	O'Mahony T, Rekhif N, Cavadini C, Fitzgerald GF.	J Appl Microbiol	10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01222.x	2001
Biotechnology	Microbiological characteristics of "androlla", a Spanish traditional pork sausage.	Garcia Fontan MC, Lorenzo JM, Parada A, Franco I, Carballo J.	Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.fm.2006.03.007	2007
Metabolism	Volatile and biogenic amines, microbiological counts, and bacterial amino acid decarboxylase activity throughout the salt-ripening process of anchovies (Engraulis encrasicholus).	Pons-Sanchez-Cascado S, Veciana-Nogues MT, Bover-Cid S, Marine-Font A, Vidal-Carou MC.	J Food Prot	10.4315/0362-028x-68.8.1683	2005
	Cotton Terry Textiles with Photo- and Bio-Activity in a Model Study and Real Conditions.	Gutarowska B, Szulc J, Matyjas-Zgondek E, Kulpinski P, Pielech-Przybylska K, Rygala A, Jachowicz A, Rutkowski E.	Materials (Basel)	10.3390/ma13153334	2020
	Composition, Succession, and Source Tracking of Microbial Communities throughout the Traditional Production of a Farmstead Cheese.	Sun L, D'Amico DJ.	mSystems	10.1128/msystems.00830-21	2021
Biotechnology	Antimicrobial potential of immobilized Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ATCC 11454 against selected bacteria.	Millette M, Smoragiewicz W, Lacroix M.	J Food Prot	10.4315/0362-028x-67.6.1184	2004
Enzymology	Epizootiological characteristics of viable bacteria and fungi in indoor air from porcine, chicken, or bovine husbandry confinement buildings.	Roque K, Lim GD, Jo JH, Shin KM, Song ES, Gautam R, Kim CY, Lee K, Shin S, Yoo HS, Heo Y, Kim HA.	J Vet Sci	10.4142/jvs.2016.17.4.531	2016
Metabolism	Contribution of starter cultures to the proteolytic process of a fermented non-dried whole muscle ham product.	Scannell AG, Kenneally PM, Arendt EK.	Int J Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.11.007	2004
	Validation of a microbiological method: the STAR protocol, a five-plate test, for the screening of antibiotic residues in milk.	Gaudin V, Maris P, Fuselier R, Ribouchon JL, Cadieu N, Rault A.	Food Addit Contam	10.1080/02652030410001667575	2004
	Analysis of biogenic amines in northern and southern European sausages and role of flora in amine production	Ansorena D, Montel MC, Rokka M, Talon R, Eerola S, Rizzo A, Raemaekers M, Demeyer D.	Meat Science.	10.1016/s0309-1740(01)00174-7	2002
	Identification of soils suppressive against Helminthosporium solani, the causal agent of potato silver scurf	Martinez C, Michaud M, Belanger RR, Tweddell RJ.	Soil Biol Biochem	10.1016/s0038-0717(02)00199-2	2002
	Characterization of Micrococcaceae isolated from dry fermented sausage	Papamanoli E, Kotzekidou P, Tzanetakis N, Litopoulou-Tzanetaki E.	Food Microbiol	10.1006/fmic.2002.0503	2002
Phylogeny	[Occurrence of bacteria in the mouth from genera of Micrococcus, Kocuria, Nesterenkonia, Kytococcus and Dermacoccus].	Szczerba I, Krzeminski Z.	Med Dosw Mikrobiol		2002
	Assessment of microbial diversity in biofilms recovered from endotracheal tubes using culture dependent and independent approaches.	Vandecandelaere I, Matthijs N, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Vosters P, De Bus L, Nelis HJ, Depuydt P, Coenye T.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0038401	2012
	Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8-Encapsulated Nanoparticle of Ag/Cu Composites Supported on Graphene Oxide: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity.	Makhetha TA, Ray SC, Moutloali RM.	ACS Omega	10.1021/acsomega.9b03215	2020
Phylogeny	Infection of a ventriculoatrial shunt with phenotypically variable Staphylococcus epidermidis masquerading as polymicrobial bacteremia due to various coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Kocuria varians.	Ben-Ami R, Navon-Venezia S, Schwartz D, Carmeli Y.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.41.6.2444-2447.2003	2003
	The clinical outcome and microbiological profile of bone-anchored hearing systems (BAHS) with different abutment topographies: a prospective pilot study.	Trobos M, Johansson ML, Jonhede S, Peters H, Hoffman M, Omar O, Thomsen P, Hultcrantz M.	Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol	10.1007/s00405-018-4946-z	2018
	Effects of Autochthonous Yeast Cultures on Some Quality Characteristics of Traditional Turkish Fermented Sausage "Sucuk".	Ozturk I, Sagdic O, Yetim H.	Food Sci Anim Resour	10.5851/kosfa.2020.e89	2021
	The Potential of the Yeast Debaryomyces hansenii H525 to Degrade Biogenic Amines in Food.	Baumlisberger M, Moellecken U, Konig H, Claus H.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms3040839	2015
Enzymology	A 23S rDNA-targeted polymerase chain reaction-based system for detection of Staphylococcus aureus in meat starter cultures and dairy products.	Straub JA, Hertel C, Hammes WP.	J Food Prot	10.4315/0362-028x-62.10.1150	1999
Enzymology	Pulmonary infection by Rhodococcus equi presenting with positive Ziehl-Neelsen stain in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus: a case report.	Spiliopoulou A, Assimakopoulos SF, Foka A, Kolonitsiou F, Lagadinou M, Petinaki E, Anastassiou ED, Spiliopoulou I, Marangos M.	J Med Case Rep	10.1186/1752-1947-8-423	2014
	Delayed diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in a patient with non-specific neurological symptoms and pancytopenia: a case report.	Moniuszko M, Moniuszko A, Pucilowska J, Kisluk K, Jeznach M, Grzeszczuk A, Flisiak R, Bodzenta-Lukaszyk A.	J Med Case Rep	10.1186/1752-1947-8-104	2014
Enzymology	Multicenter evaluation of the Staphylococcus QuickFISH method for simultaneous identification of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci directly from blood culture bottles in less than 30 minutes.	Deck MK, Anderson ES, Buckner RJ, Colasante G, Coull JM, Crystal B, Della Latta P, Fuchs M, Fuller D, Harris W, Hazen K, Klimas LL, Lindao D, Meltzer MC, Morgan M, Shepard J, Stevens S, Wu F, Fiandaca MJ.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.00225-12	2012
Phylogeny	Kocuria rhizophila adds to the emerging spectrum of micrococcal species involved in human infections.	Becker K, Rutsch F, Uekotter A, Kipp F, Konig J, Marquardt T, Peters G, von Eiff C.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.00823-08	2008
	Current Knowledge on Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms in Food-Related Environments: Incidence, Resistance to Biocides, Ecology and Biocontrol.	Rodriguez-Lopez P, Rodriguez-Herrera JJ, Vazquez-Sanchez D, Lopez Cabo M.	Foods	10.3390/foods7060085	2018
Phylogeny	Taxonomic dissection of the genus Micrococcus: Kocuria gen. nov., Nesterenkonia gen. nov., Kytococcus gen. nov., Dermacoccus gen. nov., and Micrococcus Cohn 1872 gen. emend.	Stackebrandt E, Koch C, Gvozdiak O, Schumann P.	Int J Syst Bacteriol	10.1099/00207713-45-4-682	1995
Genetics	Omics Approaches to Assess Flavor Development in Cheese.	Anastasiou R, Kazou M, Georgalaki M, Aktypis A, Zoumpopoulou G, Tsakalidou E.	Foods	10.3390/foods11020188	2022
Pathogenicity	Antiviral Potential of Selected Starter Cultures, Bacteriocins and D,L-Lactic Acid.	Lange-Starke A, Petereit A, Truyen U, Braun PG, Fehlhaber K, Albert T.	Food Environ Virol	10.1007/s12560-013-9135-z	2014
	Degradation study of lindane by novel strains Kocuria sp. DAB-1Y and Staphylococcus sp. DAB-1W.	Kumar D, Kumar A, Sharma J.	Bioresour Bioprocess	10.1186/s40643-016-0130-8	2016
	Construction and analysis of fractional multifactorial designs to study attachment strength and transfer of Listeria monocytogenes from pure or mixed biofilms after contact with a solid model food.	Midelet G, Kobilinsky A, Carpentier B.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.72.4.2313-2321.2006	2006
	Epidemiological characteristics of blaNDM-1 in Enterobacteriaceae and the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex in China from 2011 to 2012.	Ou W, Cui L, Li Y, Zheng B, Lv Y.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0113852	2014
	Microbial interactions for enhancement of alpha-amylase production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 04BBA15 and Lactobacillus fermentum 04BBA19.	Fossi BT, Tavea F, Fontem LA, Ndjouenkeu R, Wanji S.	Biotechnol Rep (Amst)	10.1016/j.btre.2014.09.004	2014
Enzymology	Characterization of Micrococcus strains isolated from indoor air.	Kooken JM, Fox KF, Fox A.	Mol Cell Probes	10.1016/j.mcp.2011.09.003	2012
Pathogenicity	Rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of Gram-positive cocci in blood cultures with the Vitek 2 system.	Lupetti A, Barnini S, Castagna B, Capria AL, Nibbering PH.	Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis	10.1007/s10096-009-0825-2	2010
Phylogeny	Development and evaluation of a quality-controlled ribosomal sequence database for 16S ribosomal DNA-based identification of Staphylococcus species.	Becker K, Harmsen D, Mellmann A, Meier C, Schumann P, Peters G, von Eiff C.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.42.11.4988-4995.2004	2004
Metabolism	In vitro antimicrobial properties of recombinant ASABF, an antimicrobial peptide isolated from the nematode Ascaris suum.	Zhang H, Yoshida S, Aizawa T, Murakami R, Suzuki M, Koganezawa N, Matsuura A, Miyazawa M, Kawano K, Nitta K, Kato Y.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.44.10.2701-2705.2000	2000
	Fitness of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)/Enteroaggregative E. coli O104:H4 in Comparison to That of EHEC O157: Survival Studies in Food and In Vitro.	Bohnlein C, Kabisch J, Meske D, Franz CM, Pichner R.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01796-16	2016
Metabolism	Towards Understanding COVID-19: Molecular Insights, Co-infections, Associated Disorders, and Aging.	Paley EL.	J Alzheimers Dis Rep	10.3233/adr-210010	2021
Enzymology	Catheter-related bacteremia due to Kocuria kristinae in a patient with ovarian cancer.	Basaglia G, Carretto E, Barbarini D, Moras L, Scalone S, Marone P, De Paoli P.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.40.1.311-313.2002	2002
	Salivaricin A2 and the novel lantibiotic salivaricin B are encoded at adjacent loci on a 190-kilobase transmissible megaplasmid in the oral probiotic strain Streptococcus salivarius K12.	Hyink O, Wescombe PA, Upton M, Ragland N, Burton JP, Tagg JR.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02265-06	2007
Enzymology	Development of a new oligonucleotide array to identify staphylococcal strains at species level.	Giammarinaro P, Leroy S, Chacornac JP, Delmas J, Talon R.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.43.8.3673-3680.2005	2005
	Restriction endonuclease MvaI is a monomer that recognizes its target sequence asymmetrically.	Kaus-Drobek M, Czapinska H, Sokolowska M, Tamulaitis G, Szczepanowski RH, Urbanke C, Siksnys V, Bochtler M.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/gkm064	2007
Phylogeny	Reclassification of strain CCM 132, previously classified as Kocuria varians, as Kocuria carniphila sp. nov.	Tvrzova L, Schumann P, Sedlacek I, Pacova Z, Sproer C, Verbarg S, Kroppenstedt RM.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.63304-0	2005
Metabolism	Staphylococcus pseudolugdunensis sp. nov., a pyrrolidonyl arylamidase/ornithine decarboxylase-positive bacterium isolated from blood cultures.	Tang YW, Han J, McCormac MA, Li H, Stratton CW.	Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.11.005	2008
Phylogeny	Kocuria palustris sp. nov. and Kocuria rhizophila sp. nov., isolated from the rhizoplane of the narrow-leaved cattail (Typha angustifolia).	Kovacs G, Burghardt J, Pradella S, Schumann P, Stackebrandt E, Marialigeti K.	Int J Syst Bacteriol	10.1099/00207713-49-1-167	1999
Phylogeny	Kocuria tytonis sp. nov., isolated from the uropygial gland of an American barn owl (Tyto furcata).	Braun MS, Wang E, Zimmermann S, Wagner H, Wink M	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.003170	2019
Phylogeny	Kocuria polaris sp. nov., an orange-pigmented psychrophilic bacterium isolated from an Antarctic cyanobacterial mat sample.	Reddy GSN, Prakash JSS, Prabahar V, Matsumoto GI, Stackebrandt E, Shivaji S	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.02336-0	2003

References

#8441	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 20033
#18619	Wink, J.: Compendium of Actinobacteria. HZI-Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig .
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20216	Curators of the JMRC: Jena Microbial Resource Collection (JMRC):
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#37627	; Curators of the CIP;
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68371	Automatically annotated from API 50CH acid .
#68375	Automatically annotated from API ID32STA .
#68379	Automatically annotated from API Coryne .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#123800	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 81.73
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Kocuria varians (DSM 20033, ATCC 15306, CCM 884)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

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Physiology and metabolism

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Genome browser: GCA_006539885

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