Methanosarcina acetivorans (DSM 2834, ATCC 35395, JCM 12185)

Name: Methanosarcina acetivorans (DSM 2834, ATCC 35395, JCM 12185)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 7086

Type strain

Strain Designation C2A

Culture col. no. DSM 2834 ATCC 35395 JCM 12185 OCM 95 C2A

NCBI tax ID(s) 2214

Special Collections DSMZ JCM

History DSMZ <- K.R. Sowers, C2A

Links

Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A is an anaerobe archaeon that was isolated from marine mud.

anaerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Archaea

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 45987

ATCC 35395,DSM 2834,JCM 12185,NBRC 100939,BCRC 16170,CCRC 16170

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:26:34

Domain Archaea

Phylum Methanobacteriota

Class Methanosarcinia

Order Methanosarcinales

Family Methanosarcinaceae

Genus Methanosarcina

Species Methanosarcina acetivorans

Full scientific name Methanosarcina acetivorans Sowers et al. 1986

Morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Medium link	Composition
1234	METHANOCOCCOIDES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 141c)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: METHANOCOCCOIDES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 141c; with strain-specific modifications) Composition: NaHCO3 4.89237 g/l MgCl2 x 6 H2O 3.91389 g/l Methanol 3.87476 g/l Yeast extract 1.95695 g/l Trypticase peptone 1.95695 g/l Na-acetate 0.978474 g/l Na2S x 9 H2O 0.489237 g/l L-Cysteine HCl x H2O 0.489237 g/l KCl 0.332681 g/l NH4Cl 0.244618 g/l K2HPO4 0.136986 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.0293542 g/l Nitrilotriacetic acid 0.0146771 g/l NaCl 0.00978474 g/l MnSO4 x H2O 0.00489237 g/l Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 0.00195695 g/l CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.00176125 g/l ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.00176125 g/l CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.000978474 g/l FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.000978474 g/l Sodium resazurin 0.000489237 g/l NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.000293542 g/l AlK(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.000195695 g/l CuSO4 x 5 H2O 9.78474e-05 g/l Pyridoxine hydrochloride 9.78474e-05 g/l Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 9.78474e-05 g/l H3BO3 9.78474e-05 g/l (DL)-alpha-Lipoic acid 4.89237e-05 g/l Thiamine HCl 4.89237e-05 g/l Riboflavin 4.89237e-05 g/l Nicotinic acid 4.89237e-05 g/l Calcium D-(+)-pantothenate 4.89237e-05 g/l p-Aminobenzoic acid 4.89237e-05 g/l Biotin 1.95695e-05 g/l Folic acid 1.95695e-05 g/l Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 3.91389e-06 g/l Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 2.93542e-06 g/l Vitamin B12 9.78474e-07 g/l Distilled water

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
1234	positive	growth	37

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

1234

Oxygen toleranceanaerobe

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125439		98.802

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Environmental	#Aquatic	#Marine
#Environmental	#Terrestrial	#Mud (Sludge)
#Environmental	#Aquatic	#Sediment

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Geographic location	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent
1234	marine mud	California, near La Jolla	USA	USA	North America

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
1234	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM734v1 assembly for Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A	complete	GCA_000007345	188937.25	638154508	188937	98.07

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
20218	Methanosarcina acetivorans strain DSM 2834 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	M59137	1426		2214

GC content

1234

GC-content (mol%)41.0

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: ASM734v1 assembly for Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A
BV-BRC: 188937.25

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	anaerobe	88.23	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	negative	89.31	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	84.71	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	98.80	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A C2A
NCBI: GCA_000007345.1

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	no	63.05	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	yes	85.51	yes
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	88.94	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	81.31	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	89.18	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	80.88	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Shaken not stirred - effect of different mixing modes during the cultivation of methanogenic pure cultures.	Mullaymeri A, Payr M, Wunderer M, Eva Maria EM, Wagner AO.	Curr Res Microb Sci	10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100386	2025
	Structure and identification of the native PLP synthase complex from Methanosarcina acetivorans lysate.	Agnew A, Humm E, Zhou K, Gunsalus RP, Zhou ZH.	mBio	10.1128/mbio.03090-24	2025
	In vivo structure probing of RNA in Archaea: novel insights into the ribosome structure of Methanosarcina acetivorans.	Williams AM, Jolley EA, Santiago-Martinez MG, Chan CX, Gutell RR, Ferry JG, Bevilacqua PC.	RNA	10.1261/rna.079687.123	2023
Metabolism	Stable carbon isotope fractionation by methylotrophic methanogenic archaea.	Penger J, Conrad R, Blaser M.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01773-12	2012
Metabolism	Air-adapted Methanosarcina acetivorans shows high methane production and develops resistance against oxygen stress.	Jasso-Chavez R, Santiago-Martinez MG, Lira-Silva E, Pineda E, Zepeda-Rodriguez A, Belmont-Diaz J, Encalada R, Saavedra E, Moreno-Sanchez R.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0117331	2015
	Identification of the major expressed S-layer and cell surface-layer-related proteins in the model methanogenic archaea: Methanosarcina barkeri Fusaro and Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A.	Rohlin L, Leon DR, Kim U, Loo JA, Ogorzalek Loo RR, Gunsalus RP.	Archaea	10.1155/2012/873589	2012
Metabolism	MrpA functions in energy conversion during acetate-dependent growth of Methanosarcina acetivorans.	Jasso-Chavez R, Apolinario EE, Sowers KR, Ferry JG.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.00581-13	2013
Metabolism	Genetic analysis of the methanol- and methylamine-specific methyltransferase 2 genes of Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A.	Bose A, Pritchett MA, Metcalf WW.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.00117-08	2008
Metabolism	Genetic basis for metabolism of methylated sulfur compounds in Methanosarcina species.	Fu H, Metcalf WW.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.02605-14	2015
Metabolism	Development of a plasmid-mediated reporter system for in vivo monitoring of gene expression in the archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans.	Apolinario EE, Jackson KM, Sowers KR.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.71.8.4914-4918.2005	2005
Genetics	Genome copy numbers and gene conversion in methanogenic archaea.	Hildenbrand C, Stock T, Lange C, Rother M, Soppa J.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.01016-10	2011
Metabolism	Anaerobic growth of Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A on carbon monoxide: an unusual way of life for a methanogenic archaeon.	Rother M, Metcalf WW.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.0407486101	2004
Metabolism	Effect of substrate concentration on carbon isotope fractionation during acetoclastic methanogenesis by Methanosarcina barkeri and M. acetivorans and in rice field soil.	Goevert D, Conrad R.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02680-08	2009
Enzymology	Differential regulation of the three methanol methyltransferase isozymes in Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A.	Bose A, Pritchett MA, Rother M, Metcalf WW.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.00535-06	2006
Genetics	A genetic system for Archaea of the genus Methanosarcina: liposome-mediated transformation and construction of shuttle vectors.	Metcalf WW, Zhang JK, Apolinario E, Sowers KR, Wolfe RS.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.94.6.2626	1997
Metabolism	Metabolic flexibility as a major predictor of spatial distribution in microbial communities.	Carbonero F, Oakley BB, Purdy KJ.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0085105	2014
	Methanosarcina Spherical Virus, a Novel Archaeal Lytic Virus Targeting Methanosarcina Strains.	Weidenbach K, Nickel L, Neve H, Alkhnbashi OS, Kunzel S, Kupczok A, Bauersachs T, Cassidy L, Tholey A, Backofen R, Schmitz RA.	J Virol	10.1128/jvi.00955-17	2017
Genetics	Gene capture coupled to high-throughput sequencing as a strategy for targeted metagenome exploration.	Denonfoux J, Parisot N, Dugat-Bony E, Biderre-Petit C, Boucher D, Morgavi DP, Le Paslier D, Peyretaillade E, Peyret P.	DNA Res	10.1093/dnares/dst001	2013
Transcriptome	The purine-utilizing bacterium Clostridium acidurici 9a: a genome-guided metabolic reconsideration.	Hartwich K, Poehlein A, Daniel R.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0051662	2012
	Hydroxydiether Lipid Structures in Methanosarcina spp. and Methanococcus voltae.	Sprott GD, Dicaire CJ, Choquet CG, Patel GB, Ekiel I.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.59.3.912-914.1993	1993
	In vivo transposon mutagenesis of the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A using a modified version of the insect mariner-family transposable element Himar1.	Zhang JK, Pritchett MA, Lampe DJ, Robertson HM, Metcalf WW.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.160272597	2000
	Effect of sulfate on low-temperature anaerobic digestion.	Madden P, Al-Raei AM, Enright AM, Chinalia FA, de Beer D, O'Flaherty V, Collins G.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2014.00376	2014
	Plasmid DNA from the acetotrophic methanogen Methanosarcina acetivorans.	Sowers KR, Gunsalus RP.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.170.10.4979-4982.1988	1988
	Light sensitivity of methanogenic archaebacteria.	Olson KD, McMahon CW, Wolfe RS.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.57.9.2683-2686.1991	1991
Pathogenicity	Generation of dominant selectable markers for resistance to pseudomonic acid by cloning and mutagenesis of the ileS gene from the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri fusaro.	Boccazzi P, Zhang JK, Metcalf WW.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.182.9.2611-2618.2000	2000
	Disaggregation of Methanosarcina spp. and Growth as Single Cells at Elevated Osmolarity.	Sowers KR, Boone JE, Gunsalus RP.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.59.11.3832-3839.1993	1993
	Comparison of plasmid DNA topology among mesophilic and thermophilic eubacteria and archaebacteria.	Charbonnier F, Forterre P.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.176.5.1251-1259.1994	1994
	Group-specific 16S rRNA hybridization probes to describe natural communities of methanogens.	Raskin L, Stromley JM, Rittmann BE, Stahl DA.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.60.4.1232-1240.1994	1994
	Compilation of 5S rRNA and 5S rRNA gene sequences.	Specht T, Wolters J, Erdmann VA.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/18.suppl.2215	1990
	Characterization of a Virally Encoded Flavodoxin That Can Drive Bacterial Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Activity.	Lamb DC, Goldstone JV, Zhao B, Lei L, Mullins JGL, Allen MJ, Kelly SL, Stegeman JJ.	Biomolecules	10.3390/biom12081107	2022
Metabolism	Role of alcohols in growth, lipid composition, and membrane fluidity of yeasts, bacteria, and archaea.	Huffer S, Clark ME, Ning JC, Blanch HW, Clark DS.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00694-11	2011
Metabolism	Carbon monoxide-dependent methyl coenzyme M methylreductase in acetotrophic Methosarcina spp.	Nelson MJ, Ferry JG.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.160.2.526-532.1984	1984
Metabolism	Archaeal phospholipid biosynthetic pathway reconstructed in Escherichia coli.	Yokoi T, Isobe K, Yoshimura T, Hemmi H.	Archaea	10.1155/2012/438931	2012
	Differentiation of methanosaeta concilii and methanosarcina barkeri in anaerobic mesophilic granular sludge by fluorescent In situ hybridization and confocal scanning laser microscopy	Rocheleau S, Greer CW, Lawrence JR, Cantin C, Laramee L, Guiot SR.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.65.5.2222-2229.1999	1999
Metabolism	Improved approach for transferring and cultivating Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A (DSM 2834).	Summer H	Lett Appl Microbiol	10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02592.x	2009
	Methanogenic conversion of 3-s-methylmercaptopropionate to 3-mercaptopropionate.	van der Maarel M, Jansen M, Hansen TA	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.61.1.48-51.1995	1995
Phylogeny	Methanosarcina acetivorans sp. nov., an Acetotrophic Methane-Producing Bacterium Isolated from Marine Sediments.	Sowers KR, Baron SF, Ferry JG	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.47.5.971-978.1984	1984

References

#1234	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 2834
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Methanosarcina acetivorans (DSM 2834, ATCC 35395, JCM 12185)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_000007345

16S sequences

GC content

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

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