Methanobrevibacter smithii (DSM 2375, ALI)

Name: Methanobrevibacter smithii (DSM 2375, ALI)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 6965

Type strain

Strain Designation ALI

Culture col. no. DSM 2375 ALI

NCBI tax ID(s) 483214 2173

Special Collections DSMZ

History <- T. L. Miller, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA; ALI <- T. L. Miller and M. J. Wolin {1980}

Links

Methanobrevibacter smithii ALI is an anaerobe archaeon that was isolated from human large intestine.

anaerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Archaea

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 47601

DSM 2375

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-02-09 11:19:21

Domain Archaea

Phylum Methanobacteriota

Class Methanobacteria

Order Methanobacteriales

Family Methanobacteriaceae

Genus Methanobrevibacter

Species Methanobrevibacter smithii

Full scientific name Methanobrevibacter smithii Balch and Wolfe 1981

Synonyms (1)

"Methanocatella smithii"

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Methanobrevibacter smithii** (3)	Type strain
6963	M. smithii PS, DSM 861, ATCC 35061, JCM 30028, OCM 144 (type strain)
6964	M. smithii F1, DSM 2374
6966	M. smithii B181, DSM 11975

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Confidence
125439	negative	99.3

Colony morphology

1057

Incubation period2-3 days

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Medium link	Composition
1057	MODIFIED METHANOBACTERIUM MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 1523)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: MODIFIED METHANOBACTERIUM MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 1523) Composition: Brain heart infusion 5.98802 g/l Proteose peptone 5.98802 g/l NaHCO3 3.99202 g/l Yeast extract 1.99601 g/l Na-formate 1.99601 g/l Na-acetate 0.998004 g/l Na2S x 9 H2O 0.499002 g/l KH2PO4 0.499002 g/l L-Cysteine HCl x H2O 0.499002 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.399202 g/l NH4Cl 0.399202 g/l NaCl 0.399202 g/l CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.0499002 g/l HCl 0.00249501 g/l FeCl2 x 4 H2O 0.00149701 g/l Sodium resazurin 0.000499002 g/l Pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.000299401 g/l Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 0.000199601 g/l Nicotinic acid 0.000199601 g/l CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.000189621 g/l Calcium pantothenate 9.98004e-05 g/l Vitamin B12 9.98004e-05 g/l MnCl2 x 4 H2O 9.98004e-05 g/l p-Aminobenzoic acid 7.98403e-05 g/l ZnCl2 6.98603e-05 g/l Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 3.59281e-05 g/l NiCl2 x 6 H2O 2.39521e-05 g/l D-(+)-biotin 1.99601e-05 g/l H3BO3 5.98802e-06 g/l CuCl2 x 2 H2O 1.99601e-06 g/l Distilled water
1057	METHANOBACTERIUM MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 119)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: METHANOBACTERIUM MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 119) Composition: NaHCO3 3.98804 g/l Na-formate 1.99402 g/l Na-acetate 0.997009 g/l Na2S x 9 H2O 0.498504 g/l L-Cysteine HCl x H2O 0.498504 g/l KH2PO4 0.498504 g/l NH4Cl 0.398804 g/l NaCl 0.398804 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.398804 g/l Yeast extract 0.199402 g/l CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.0498504 g/l HCl 0.00249252 g/l FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.00199402 g/l FeCl2 x 4 H2O 0.00149551 g/l Sodium resazurin 0.000498504 g/l CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.000189432 g/l MnCl2 x 4 H2O 9.97009e-05 g/l ZnCl2 6.97906e-05 g/l Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 3.58923e-05 g/l NiCl2 x 6 H2O 2.39282e-05 g/l H3BO3 5.98205e-06 g/l CuCl2 x 2 H2O 1.99402e-06 g/l Isobutyric acid DL-2-Methylbutyric acid Valeric acid Isovaleric acid H2SO4 Sludge Distilled water

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
1057	positive	growth	37

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

1057

Oxygen toleranceanaerobe

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125439		99.2
125438		91.647

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Host	#Human	-
#Host Body-Site	#Gastrointestinal tract	#Large intestine

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent
1057	human large intestine	USA	USA	North America

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
1057	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM15124v1 assembly for Methanobrevibacter smithii DSM 2375	scaffold	GCA_000151245	483214.13	643886144	483214	73.59

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
20218	Methanobrevibacter smithii partial SSU rRNA, phylotype 2	AJ001710	599		483214

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Methanobrevibacter smithii DSM 2375
NCBI: GCA_000151245

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	99.20	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	72.20	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	negative	99.30	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	obligate aerobe	68.70	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Methanobrevibacter smithii DSM 2375 DSM 2375
NCBI: GCA_000151245.1

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	no	55.63	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	yes	89.87	yes
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	90.25	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	91.65	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	82.96	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	82.71	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	In vitro interactions between Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger and Methanobrevibacter smithii under hydrogenotrophic conditions.	Wang T, Leibrock N, Plugge CM, Smidt H, Zoetendal EG.	Gut Microbes	10.1080/19490976.2023.2261784	2023
	Methanobrevibacter smithii cell variants in human physiology and pathology: A review.	Malat I, Drancourt M, Grine G.	Heliyon	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36742	2024
	Stable coexistence between an archaeal virus and the dominant methanogen of the human gut.	Baquero DP, Medvedeva S, Martin-Gallausiaux C, Pende N, Sartori-Rupp A, Tachon S, Pedron T, Debarbieux L, Borrel G, Gribaldo S, Krupovic M.	Nat Commun	10.1038/s41467-024-51946-x	2024
Genetics	Targeted isolation of Methanobrevibacter strains from fecal samples expands the cultivated human archaeome.	Duller S, Vrbancic S, Szydlowski L, Mahnert A, Blohs M, Predl M, Kumpitsch C, Zrim V, Hogenauer C, Kosciolek T, Schmitz RA, Eberhard A, Dragovan M, Schmidberger L, Zurabischvili T, Weinberger V, Moser AM, Kolb D, Pernitsch D, Mohammadzadeh R, Kuhnast T, Rattei T, Moissl-Eichinger C.	Nat Commun	10.1038/s41467-024-52037-7	2024
	Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of extracellular vesicles produced by human gut archaea	Weinberger V, Darnhofer B, Thapa H, Mertelj P, Stentz R, Jones E, Grabmann G, Mohammadzadeh R, Shinde T, Karner C, Ober J, Juodeikis R, Pernitsch D, Hingerl K, Zurabishvili T, Kumpitsch C, Kuehnast T, Rinner B, Strohmaier H, Kolb D, Gotts K, Weichhart T, Kocher T, Kofeler H, Carding S, Schild S, Moissl-Eichinger C.	Nat Commun		2025
	Evolving understanding of rumen methanogen ecophysiology.	Khairunisa BH, Heryakusuma C, Ike K, Mukhopadhyay B, Susanti D.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1296008	2023
	Archaeosomes: New Generation of Liposomes Based on Archaeal Lipids for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications.	Santhosh PB, Genova J.	ACS Omega	10.1021/acsomega.2c06034	2023
	The sanitary indoor environment-a potential source for intact human-associated anaerobes.	Pausan MR, Blohs M, Mahnert A, Moissl-Eichinger C.	NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes	10.1038/s41522-022-00305-z	2022
Genetics	IMG/M: integrated genome and metagenome comparative data analysis system.	Chen IA, Markowitz VM, Chu K, Palaniappan K, Szeto E, Pillay M, Ratner A, Huang J, Andersen E, Huntemann M, Varghese N, Hadjithomas M, Tennessen K, Nielsen T, Ivanova NN, Kyrpides NC.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/gkw929	2017
Enzymology	Structural Insights into the Methane-Generating Enzyme from a Methoxydotrophic Methanogen Reveal a Restrained Gallery of Post-Translational Modifications.	Kurth JM, Muller MC, Welte CU, Wagner T.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms9040837	2021
Metabolism	Archaea and the human gut: new beginning of an old story.	Gaci N, Borrel G, Tottey W, O'Toole PW, Brugere JF.	World J Gastroenterol	10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16062	2014
Phylogeny	Pipeline for amplifying and analyzing amplicons of the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene.	Allen HK, Bayles DO, Looft T, Trachsel J, Bass BE, Alt DP, Bearson SM, Nicholson T, Casey TA.	BMC Res Notes	10.1186/s13104-016-2172-6	2016
Phylogeny	Mimiviridae: clusters of orthologous genes, reconstruction of gene repertoire evolution and proposed expansion of the giant virus family.	Yutin N, Colson P, Raoult D, Koonin EV.	Virol J	10.1186/1743-422x-10-106	2013
	Archaeosomes varying in lipid composition differ in receptor-mediated endocytosis and differentially adjuvant immune responses to entrapped antigen.	Sprott GD, Sad S, Fleming LP, Dicaire CJ, Patel GB, Krishnan L.	Archaea	10.1155/2003/569283	2003
	Intranasal immunization with an archaeal lipid mucosal vaccine adjuvant and delivery formulation protects against a respiratory pathogen challenge.	Patel GB, Zhou H, Ponce A, Harris G, Chen W.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0015574	2010
	Archaeosome vaccine adjuvants induce strong humoral, cell-mediated, and memory responses: comparison to conventional liposomes and alum.	Krishnan L, Dicaire CJ, Patel GB, Sprott GD.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.68.1.54-63.2000	2000
Phylogeny	Expanding the cultivable human archaeome: Methanobrevibacter intestini sp. nov. and strain Methanobrevibacter smithii 'GRAZ-2' from human faeces.	Weinberger V, Mohammadzadeh R, Blohs M, Kalt K, Mahnert A, Moser S, Cecovini M, Mertelj P, Zurabishvili T, Arora B, Wolf J, Shinde T, Madl T, Habisch H, Kolb D, Pernitsch D, Hingerl K, Metcalf W, Moissl-Eichinger C.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.006751	2025

References

#1057	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 2375
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Methanobrevibacter smithii (DSM 2375, ALI)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_000151245

16S sequences

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

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