Cytobacillus firmus (DSM 12, ATCC 14575, CCM 2213)

Name: Cytobacillus firmus (DSM 12, ATCC 14575, CCM 2213)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 675

Type strain

Strain Designation 613, original

Culture col. no. DSM 12 ATCC 14575 CCM 2213 JCM 2512 NCIB 9366 20 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 1314753 1399

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM KCTC CIP

History DSMZ <- ATCC <- R.E. Gordon <- N.R. Smith, 613 <- J.R. Porter <- G. Bredemann <- W. Werner JCM <-- CCM 2213 <-- NCIB 9366 <-- R. E. Gordon <-- N. R. Smith <-- J. R. Porter <-- G. Bredemann <-- W. Werner. CIP <- 1952, R.E. Gordon, New Jersey Agri. Exper. Stat., New Brunswick, USA: strain 613 <- N.R. Smith: strain 613 <- 1937, J. Porter G. Bredemann: strain original <- W. Werner

Links

Cytobacillus firmus 613 is an aerobe, spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium of the family Cytobacillaceae.

spore-forming Gram-positive motile rod-shaped aerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 92139

LMG 7125,ATCC 14575,CCM 2213,CCUG 7418,CECT 14,DSM 12,IAM 12464,JCM 2512,LMG 18012,NCFB 1762,NCIB 9366,NCTC 10335,NCDO 1762,CCRC 11730,IFO 15306,NCIMB 9366,NRRL B-14307,VKM B-735,CIP 52.70,LMD 48.15,NCAIM B.01087,KCTC 3626,NBRC 15306,NRRL NRS-613,NCCB 48015,BCRC 11730,HAMBI 1886,CCT 0227,IAM 14179,KACC 10897,NCIM 2462,VKM B-498,NRRL B-1107,VTT E-97061,CNCTC 6209

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:25:05

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Bacilli

Order Caryophanales

Family Cytobacillaceae

Genus Cytobacillus

Species Cytobacillus firmus

Full scientific name Cytobacillus firmus (Bredemann and Werner 1933) Patel and Gupta 2020

Synonyms (1)

Bacillus firmus

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Cytobacillus firmus** (4)	Type strain
673	C. firmus 854, a Hambourg, DSM 359, ATCC 8247, CCM ...
674	C. firmus 710, DSM 1530, NRS 861
676	C. firmus ES2-W1c1, DSM 30614
172819	C. firmus CIMB 04-2901, CRBIP17.29

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Motility
119356	positive	rod-shaped

Colony morphology

@ref	Incubation period	Hemolysis ability
44987	1 day
119356		1

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
37349	MEDIUM 3 - Columbia agar		Columbia agar (39.000 g);distilled water (1000.000 ml)
2019	NUTRIENT AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: NUTRIENT AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1; with strain-specific modifications) Composition: Soil extract 500.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Peptone 5.0 g/l Meat extract 3.0 g/l Distilled water
119356	CIP Medium 3	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
2019	positive	growth	30
37349	positive	growth	30
44987	positive	growth	37
67770	positive	growth	30
119356	positive	growth	10-37
119356	negative	growth	45
119356	negative	growth	55

Culture pH

@ref	Ability	Type	PH
119356	positive	growth	6

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
44987	aerobe
119356	obligate aerobe
125439	facultative anaerobe	91.217

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
119356
125438		94.531

Halophily

@ref	Salt	Growth	Tested relation	Concentration
119356	NaCl	positive	growth	2-6 %
119356	NaCl		growth	0 %
119356	NaCl		growth	8 %
119356	NaCl		growth	10 %

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
119356	16947 ChEBI	citrate	-	carbon source
68379	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68379	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68379	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68379	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis	from API Coryne
119356	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis
68379	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	-	hydrolysis	from API Coryne
68379	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
119356	606565 ChEBI	hippurate	+	hydrolysis
68379	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	fermentation	from API Coryne
68379	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68379	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction	from API Coryne
119356	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction
119356	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	respiration
119356	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68379	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	fermentation	from API Coryne
68379	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API Coryne

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
119356	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test	Methylred-test
119356	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-
119356	17234 ChEBI	glucose		-

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
119356	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68379	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API Coryne
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68379	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API Coryne
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
119356	amylase	-
68382	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API zym
119356	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23
68379	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API Coryne
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68379	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API Coryne
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
68379	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API Coryne
119356	caseinase	+	3.4.21.50
119356	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
68379	catalase	-	1.11.1.6	from API Coryne
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
119356	DNase	-
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
119356	gamma-glutamyltransferase	+	2.3.2.2
119356	gelatinase	+
68379	gelatinase	-		from API Coryne
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
119356	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68379	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API Coryne
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
119356	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
119356	oxidase	-
68379	pyrazinamidase	+	3.5.1.B15	from API Coryne
68379	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	+	3.4.19.3	from API Coryne
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
119356	tween esterase	-
119356	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68379	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API Coryne
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

API coryne

@ref	Reduction of nitrateNIT	PYZ	PYRA	PAL	beta GUR	beta GAL	alpha GLU	beta NAG	ESC	URE	GEL	Control fermentationControl	GLU	RIB	XYL	MAN	MAL	LAC	SAC	GLYG	CAT
44987	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	not determinedn.d.	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	-

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
119356	-	+	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-

API biotype100

@ref	ControlQ	D-glucose as carbon sourceGLU	D-fructose as carbon sourceFRU	D-galactose as carbon sourceGAL	D-trehalose as carbon sourceTRE	D-mannose as carbon sourceMNE	L-sorbose as carbon sourceSBE	D-melibiose as carbon sourceMEL	sucrose as carbon sourceSAC	D-raffinose as carbon sourceRAF	maltotriose as carbon sourceMTE	maltose as carbon sourceMAL	lactose as carbon sourceLAC	lactulose as carbon sourceLTE	1-O-methyl-beta-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGa	1-O-methyl-alpha-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMaGa	D-cellobiose as carbon sourceCEL	gentiobiose as carbon sourceGEN	1-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGu	esculin as carbon sourceESC	D-ribose as carbon sourceRIB	L-arabinose as carbon sourceARA	D-xylose as carbon sourceXYL	palatinose as carbon sourcePLE	L-rhamnose as carbon sourceRHA	L-fucose as carbon sourceFUC	D-melezitose as carbon sourceMLZ	D-arabitol as carbon sourceDARL	L-arabitol as carbon sourceLARL	xylitol as carbon sourceXLT	dulcitol as carbon sourceDUL	D-tagatose as carbon sourceTAG	glycerol as carbon sourceGLY	myo-inositol as carbon sourceINO	D-mannitol as carbon sourceMAN	maltitol as carbon sourceMTL	D-turanose as carbon sourceTUR	D-sorbitol as carbon sourceSOR	adonitol as carbon sourceADO	hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide as carbon sourceHBG	D-lyxose as carbon sourceLYX	i-erythritol as carbon sourceERY	1-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucoside as carbon sourceMDG	3-O-methyl-D-glucose as carbon source3MDG	D-saccharate as carbon sourceSAT	mucate as carbon sourceMUC	L-tartrate as carbon sourceLTAT	D-tartrate as carbon sourceDTAT	meso-tartrate as carbon sourceMTAT	D-malate as carbon sourceDMLT	L-malate as carbon sourceLMLT	cis-aconitate as carbon sourceCATE	trans-aconitate as carbon sourceTATE	tricarballylate as carbon sourceTTE	citrate as carbon sourceCIT	D-glucuronate as carbon sourceGRT	D-galacturonate as carbon sourceGAT	2-ketogluconate as carbon source2KG	5-ketogluconate as carbon source5KG	tryptophan as carbon sourceTRY	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as carbon sourceNAG	D-gluconate as carbon sourceGNT	phenylacetate as carbon sourcePAC	protocatechuate as carbon sourcePAT	4-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcepOBE	quinate as carbon sourceQAT	gentisate as carbon sourceGTE	3-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcemOBE	benzoate as carbon sourceBAT	3-phenylpropionate as carbon sourcePPAT	m-coumarate as carbon sourceCMT	trigonelline as carbon sourceTGE	betaine as carbon sourceBET	putrescine as carbon sourcePCE	4-aminobutyrate as carbon sourceABT	histamine as carbon sourceHIN	DL-lactate as carbon sourceLAT	caprate as carbon sourceCAP	caprylate as carbon sourceCYT	L-histidine as carbon sourceHIS	succinate as carbon sourceSUC	fumarate as carbon sourceFUM	glutarate as carbon sourceGRE	DL-glycerate as carbon sourceGYT	5-aminovalerate as carbon sourceAVT	ethanolamine as carbon sourceETN	tryptamine as carbon sourceTTN	D-glucosamine as carbon sourceGLN	itaconate as carbon sourceITA	3-hydroxybutyrate as carbon source3OBU	L-aspartate as carbon sourceAPT	L-glutamate as carbon sourceGTT	L-proline as carbon sourcePRO	D-alanine as carbon sourceDALA	L-alanine as carbon sourceLALA	L-serine as carbon sourceSER	malonate as carbon sourceMNT	propionate as carbon sourcePROP	L-tyrosine as carbon sourceTYR	2-ketoglutarate as carbon source2KT
119356	not determinedn.d.	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence X60616 (>99% sequence identity) for Bacillales from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	304
Soil Samples	985
Animal Samples	441
Plant Samples	222
Total Samples	1952

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
2019	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
119356	1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	50681_C01 assembly for Cytobacillus firmus NCTC10335	contig	GCA_900445365	1399.16	2814123191	1399	76.76
124043	ASM3622220v1 assembly for Cytobacillus firmus NRS-613	scaffold	GCA_036222205	1399.100		1399	31.42
67770	ASM159146v1 assembly for Cytobacillus firmus NBRC 15306	contig	GCA_001591465	1314753.7	2731957652	1314753	26.9

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
20218	Bacillus firmus gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence	AB006925	276	1399
20218	Bacillus firmus gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: IAM 12464	D16268	1483	1399
20218	Bacillus firmus strain JCM2512 DNA for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence	D78314	1434	1399
20218	Bacillus firmus gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence	AB271750	1477	1399
20218	B.firmus 16S ribosomal RNA	X60616	1431	1399
124043	Bacillus firmus gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 2512.	LC379133	1474	1399
124043	Cytobacillus firmus strain NBRC 15306 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	ON878088	1260	1399
124043	Cytobacillus firmus strain NBRC 15306 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	OP740542	1164	1399
124043	Cytobacillus firmus strain NBRC 15306 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	OQ626003	1369	1399
124043	Cytobacillus firmus strain NBRC 15306 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	OQ996863	1374	1399
124043	Cytobacillus firmus strain NBRC 15306 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	PQ248425	601	1399
124043	Bacillus firmus strain NBRC 15306 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	MK185094	797	1399
124043	Cytobacillus firmus strain NBRC 15306 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	PQ636907	1486	1399
124043	Bacillus firmus strain NBRC 15306 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	MK185043	791	1399
124043	Bacillus firmus strain IAM 12464 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	MN326682	1397	1399

GC content

@ref	GC-content (mol%)	Method
2019	41.4	thermal denaturation, midpoint method (Tm)
2019	40.7	Buoyant density centrifugation (BD)
67770	43.7

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: 50681_C01 assembly for Cytobacillus firmus NCTC10335
BV-BRC: 1399.16

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	facultative anaerobe	91.22	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	variable	67.31	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	75.70	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	89.30	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Bacillus firmus NBRC 15306
PATRIC: 1314753.7

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	73.52	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	95.94	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	yes	94.53	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	yes	73.80	yes
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	89.09	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	82.95	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Binding Stability and Catalytic Mechanism of a Novel Chitin Deacetylase from Cytobacillus firmus and Preparation of Chitosan.	Liang B, Zhang T, Li G, Yang H, Wang Z, Li K, Liu S, Yu H, Xing R.	J Agric Food Chem	10.1021/acs.jafc.5c08532	2025
	Rhizobacteria and kinetin: a synergistic solution for enhanced maize drought tolerance and seed quality.	Khurshid R, Perveen S, Niaz A.	Physiol Mol Biol Plants	10.1007/s12298-025-01629-8	2025
	Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticle by Cytobacillus firmus isolated from the river sediment with potential antimicrobial properties against Edwardsiella tarda.	Kumar V, Parida SN, Dhar S, Bisai K, Sarkar DJ, Panda SP, Das BK.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2024.1416411	2024
	Viable, Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria Recovered from E-Liquids Used with Commercial Electronic Cigarettes.	Chattopadhyay S, Malayil L, Sapkota AR.	Int J Environ Res Public Health	10.3390/ijerph22111725	2025
	Development of a highly degenerate primer-based molecular tool for detecting and classifying the four major classes of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (phaC) genes in bacteria.	Ibrahim Osman A, Noble B, Percy L, Basnett P.	Microb Cell Fact	10.1186/s12934-025-02831-9	2025
	Characteristics and complete genome analysis of the novel virulent phage Bfsp1 infecting Cytobacillus firmus.	Dong Z, Wang K, Peng D, Yu C.	Arch Virol	10.1007/s00705-022-05660-y	2023
	Evaluation and identification of metabolites produced by Cytobacillus firmus in the interaction with Arabidopsis thaliana plants and their effect on Solanum lycopersicum.	Arteaga-Rios IG, Mendez-Rodriguez KB, Ocampo-Perez R, Guerrero-Gonzalez ML, Rodriguez-Guerra R, Delgado-Sanchez P.	Curr Res Microb Sci	10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100312	2025
	Investigation of Bacterial Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Clinical Isolates in the Center of Iran.	Naseri S, Sadeh M, Fatahi-Bafghi M, Vakili M.	Int J Microbiol	10.1155/ijm/4694690	2025
	Biocontrol of bacterial seedling rot of rice plants using combination of Cytobacillus firmus JBRS159 and silicon.	Kang JA, Dutta S, Lee YH.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0290049	2023
Biotechnology	Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Activities of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Cytobacillus firmus.	Saied E, Hashem AH, Ali OM, Selim S, Almuhayawi MS, Elbahnasawy MA.	Life (Basel)	10.3390/life12091331	2022
	Antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria from the sediments of adjoining high Arctic fjords, Svalbard.	S V, T J, E AP, A MHA.	Braz J Microbiol	10.1007/s42770-024-01368-0	2024
	Features of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of Gastrodia elata cultivated in greenhouse for early harvest.	Khanh NV, Dutta S, Kim CS, Lee YH.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2024.1389907	2024
	A New Bacterial Strain Producing Both of the Surfactin and Fengycin Lipopeptide Biosurfactant with Strong Emulsifications on Crude Oil.	Qi GN, Qin WQ, Li GJ, Ma TT, Liu YF, Zhou L, Liu JF, Gang HZ, Yang SZ, Mu BZ.	Appl Biochem Biotechnol	10.1007/s12010-024-05076-1	2025
	Fiber-based food packaging materials in view of bacterial growth and survival capacities.	Schmid PJ, Maitz S, Plank N, Knaipp E, Polzl S, Kittinger C.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1099906	2023
	Carotenoid productivity in human intestinal bacteria Eubacterium limosum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides with functional analysis of their carotenoid biosynthesis genes.	Matsumoto W, Takemura M, Nanaura H, Ami Y, Maoka T, Shindo K, Kurihara S, Misawa N.	Eng Microbiol	10.1016/j.engmic.2024.100147	2024
Metabolism	Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Cytobacillus firmus Isolated from the Stem Bark of Terminalia arjuna and Their Antimicrobial Activity.	Sudarsan S, Kumar Shankar M, Kumar Belagal Motatis A, Shankar S, Krishnappa D, Mohan CD, Rangappa KS, Gupta VK, Siddaiah CN.	Biomolecules	10.3390/biom11020259	2021
	Genome Mining Reveals Pathways for Terpene Production in Aerobic Endospore-Forming Bacteria Isolated from Brazilian Soils.	Mesquita FA, Silva WMCD, Raiol T, Brigido MM, Almeida NF, Fuga B, Cavalcante DA, De-Souza MT.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms13112528	2025
	Endophytic Aspergillus hiratsukae mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial and photocatalytic activities.	Saied E, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Alfuraydi AA, Kiani BH, Bassyouni M, Al-Qabandi OA, Bougafa FHE, Badawy MSEM, Hashem AH.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2024.1345423	2024
Phylogeny	Investigation of Bacteria from Spoiled Bottled Salad Dressing Leading to Gas Explosion.	Obata F, Murota H, Shibata S, Ozuru R, Fujii J.	Yonago Acta Med	10.33160/yam.2022.08.005	2022
	Implications of Below-Ground Allelopathic Interactions of Camelina sativa and Microorganisms for Phosphate Availability and Habitat Maintenance.	Hofmann D, Thiele B, Siebers M, Rahmati M, Schutz V, Jeong S, Cui J, Bigler L, Held F, Wu B, Babic N, Kovacic F, Hamacher J, Holzl G, Dormann P, Schulz M.	Plants (Basel)	10.3390/plants12152815	2023
	Enhancing chickpea yield through the application of sulfur and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.	Nabati J, Yousefi A, Hasanfard A, Nemati Z, Kahrom N, Malakshahi Kurdestani A.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-024-84971-3	2025
	Analysis of the efficacy of MALDI-TOF MS technology in identifying microorganisms in cancer patients and oncology hospital environment.	Czeszewska-Rosiak G, Adamczyk I, Ludwiczak A, Fijalkowski P, Fijalkowski P, Twaruzek M, Zloch M, Gabrys D, Mista W, Tretyn A, Pomastowski PP.	Heliyon	10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42015	2025
	Ropiness in Bread-A Re-Emerging Spoilage Phenomenon.	Pacher N, Burtscher J, Johler S, Etter D, Bender D, Fieseler L, Domig KJ.	Foods	10.3390/foods11193021	2022
Phylogeny	Isolation and Characterization of Human Intestinal Bacteria Cytobacillus oceanisediminis NB2 for Probiotic Potential.	Yadav M, Kumar T, Kanakan A, Maurya R, Pandey R, Chauhan NS.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2022.932795	2022
Genetics	Biotechnologically potential genes in a polysaccharide-degrading epibiont of the Indonesian brown algae Hydroclathrus sp.	Ethica SN, Zilda DS, Oedjijono O, Muhtadi M, Patantis G, Darmawati S, Dewi SS, Sabdono A, Uria AR.	J Genet Eng Biotechnol	10.1186/s43141-023-00461-5	2023
Phylogeny	Taxonomic Evaluation of the Heyndrickxia (Basonym Bacillus) sporothermodurans Group (H. sporothermodurans, H. vini, H. oleronia) Based on Whole Genome Sequences.	Fiedler G, Herbstmann AD, Doll E, Wenning M, Brinks E, Kabisch J, Breitenwieser F, Lappann M, Bohnlein C, Franz CMAP.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms9020246	2021
	Antioxidant Potential and Capacity of Microorganism-Sourced C₃₀ Carotenoids-A Review.	Siziya IN, Hwang CY, Seo MJ.	Antioxidants (Basel)	10.3390/antiox11101963	2022
	Unravelling the Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, Suppressing Fibronectin Binding Protein A (fnba) and cna Virulence Genes, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of Biosynthesized Solanum lycopersicum Silver Nanoparticles.	Mekky AE, Abdelaziz AEM, Youssef FS, Elaskary SA, Shoun AA, Alwaleed EA, Gaber MA, Al-Askar AA, Alsamman AM, Yousef A, AbdElgayed G, Suef RA, Selim MA, Saied E, Khedr M.	Medicina (Kaunas)	10.3390/medicina60030515	2024
	Beyond the snapshot: identification of the timeless, enduring indicator microbiome informing soil fertility and crop production in alkaline soils.	Zhang J, Dolfing J, Liu W, Chen R, Zhang J, Lin X, Feng Y.	Environ Microbiome	10.1186/s40793-022-00420-6	2022
	Temporal Dynamics of Endogenous Bacterial Composition in Rice Seeds During Maturation and Storage, and Spatial Dynamics of the Bacteria During Seedling Growth.	Dutta S, Choi SY, Lee YH.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2022.877781	2022
	Antagonistic potential and analytical profiling of plant probiotic bacteria using chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques against Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum.	Hiranmayee G, Mallick SP, Reddy GS.	Bioresour Bioprocess	10.1186/s40643-025-00853-0	2025
	Comparative Genomic Analysis of Soil Dwelling Bacteria Utilizing a Combinational Codon Usage and Molecular Phylogenetic Approach Accentuating on Key Housekeeping Genes.	Saha J, Saha BK, Pal Sarkar M, Roy V, Mandal P, Pal A.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2019.02896	2019
	Cytobacillus spongiae sp. nov. isolated from sponge Diacarnus spinipoculum.	Gao L, Song Q, Sang J, Xiao Y, Li Z.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.005903	2023
Phylogeny	Genomic and Physiological Characterization of Metabacillus flavus sp. nov., a Novel Carotenoid-Producing Bacilli Isolated from Korean Marine Mud.	Hwang CY, Cho ES, Yoon DJ, Cha IT, Jung DH, Nam YD, Park SL, Lim SI, Seo MJ.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms10050979	2022
Phylogeny	Bacillus crescens sp. nov., isolated from soil.	Shivani Y, Subhash Y, Dave Bharti P, Sasikala C, Ramana CV	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.000296	2015
Phylogeny	Bacillus gottheilii sp. nov., isolated from a pharmaceutical manufacturing site.	Seiler H, Wenning M, Schmidt V, Scherer S	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.036277-0	2012
Phylogeny	Bacillus purgationiresistans sp. nov., isolated from a drinking-water treatment plant.	Vaz-Moreira I, Figueira V, Lopes AR, Lobo-da-Cunha A, Sproer C, Schumann P, Nunes OC, Manaia CM	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.028605-0	2011
Phylogeny	Bacillus oceanisediminis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.	Zhang J, Wang J, Fang C, Song F, Xin Y, Qu L, Ding K	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.019851-0	2010
Phylogeny	Bacillus infantis sp. nov. and Bacillus idriensis sp. nov., isolated from a patient with neonatal sepsis.	Ko KS, Oh WS, Lee MY, Lee JH, Lee H, Peck KR, Lee NY, Song JH	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.64213-0	2006
Phylogeny	Ornithinibacillus gen. nov., with the species Ornithinibacillus bavariensis sp. nov. and Ornithinibacillus californiensis sp. nov.	Mayr R, Busse HJ, Worliczek HL, Ehling-Schulz M, Scherer S	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.64038-0	2006
Phylogeny	Cytobacillus pseudoceanisediminis sp. nov., A Novel Facultative Methylotrophic Bacterium with High Heavy Metal Resistance Isolated from the Deep Underground Saline Spring.	Tarasov K, Yakhnenko A, Zarubin M, Gangapshev A, Potekhina NV, Avtukh AN, Kravchenko E	Curr Microbiol	10.1007/s00284-022-03141-8	2022

References

#2019	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 12
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#37349	; Curators of the CIP;
#44987	Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) ; Curators of the CCUG; CCUG 7418
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68379	Automatically annotated from API Coryne .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#119356	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 52.70
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Cytobacillus firmus (DSM 12, ATCC 14575, CCM 2213)

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