Lactobacillus parakefiri (CCUG 39468, GCL 1731, ATCC 51648)

Name: Lactobacillus parakefiri (CCUG 39468, GCL 1731, ATCC 51648)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 6567

Type strain

Strain Designation 1731

Culture col. no. CCUG 39468 GCL 1731 ATCC 51648 DSM 10551 IFO 15890 10 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 1423787 152332

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM KCTC CIP

History DSMZ <- JCM <- S. Takizawa, GCL 1731 JCM <-- S. Takizawa GCL 1731. CIP <- 1994, JCM, Lactobacillus parakefir <- GCL: strain 1731

Links

Lactobacillus parakefiri 1731 is an anaerobe, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that was isolated from kefir grain.

Gram-positive rod-shaped anaerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 13941

LMG 15133,CIP 104242,IFO 15890,JCM 8573,ATCC 51648,CCUG 39468,DSM 10551,NCIMB 13300,NBRC 15890,KCTC 5044,KCTC 5087

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:26:26

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Bacilli

Order Lactobacillales

Family Lactobacillaceae

Genus Lactobacillus

Species Lactobacillus parakefiri

Full scientific name Lactobacillus parakefiri corrig. Takizawa et al. 1994

Synonyms (2)

Lactobacillus parakefir
Lentilactobacillus parakefiri

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Motility	Confidence
121564	positive	rod-shaped
125438	positive			94.411

Colony morphology

54806

Incubation period3 days

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
3924	R - CW MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 775)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: R - CW MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 775) Composition: Yeast extract 5.0 g/l Na-acetate 5.0 g/l KH2PO4 5.0 g/l Trypticase 5.0 g/l Tryptone 5.0 g/l (NH4)2 citrate 2.0 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.5 g/l MnSO4 x H2O 0.2 g/l Tween 80 Cheese whey
41060	MEDIUM 40- for Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc		Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Man Rogosa Sharp agar (68.000 g)
121564	CIP Medium 40	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
3924	positive	growth	30
41060	positive	growth	30
54806	positive	growth	30
67770	positive	growth	30
121564	positive	growth	15-37
121564	negative	growth	45

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
3924	anaerobe
54806	anaerobe
125439	obligate aerobe	96.336

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125439		99.796

Murein

@ref	Murein short key	Type
3924	A11.31	A4alpha L-Lys-D-Asp

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68371	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17924 ChEBI	D-sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
121564	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis
68371	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28066 ChEBI	gentiobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	24265 ChEBI	gluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	59640 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
121564	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
121564	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68371	0 ChEBI	Potassium 2-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	0 ChEBI	Potassium 5-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17814 ChEBI	salicin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28017 ChEBI	starch	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	32528 ChEBI	turanose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
121564	alcohol dehydrogenase	+	1.1.1.1
121564	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
121564	lysine decarboxylase	+	4.1.1.18
121564	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
121564	oxidase	-

API 50CHac

@ref	ControlQ	GLY	ERY	DARA	LARA	RIB	DXYL	LXYL	ADO	MDX	GAL	GLU	FRU	MNE	SBE	RHA	DUL	INO	MAN	SOR	MDM	MDG	NAG	AMY	ARB	ESC	SAL	CEL	MAL	LAC	MEL	SAC	TRE	INU	MLZ	RAF	AMD	GLYG	XLT	GEN	TUR	LYX	TAG	DFUC	LFUC	DARL	LARL	GNT	2KG	5KG
121564	not determinedn.d.	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	+/-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+/-	+/-	-	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2
#Engineered	#Food production

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Geographic location	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent
3924	kefir grain		Denmark	DNK	Europe
54806	Kefir grains from E.C.Hansen's lab.,Copenhagen,DK		Denmark	DNK	Europe
67770	Kefir grains
121564	Plant, Kefir grains	Copenhagen	Denmark	DNK	Europe

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence LC096211 (>99% sequence identity) for Lentilactobacillus from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	432
Soil Samples	442
Animal Samples	3255
Plant Samples	396
Total Samples	4525

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
3924	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
121564	1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
124043	ASM3953564v1 assembly for Lentilactobacillus parakefiri JCM 8573	scaffold	GCA_039535645			152332	58.77
67770	ASM435462v1 assembly for Lentilactobacillus parakefiri DSM 10551	scaffold	GCA_004354625	152332.7	2901596593	152332	56.12
67770	ASM215758v1 assembly for Lentilactobacillus parakefiri JCM 8573	scaffold	GCA_002157585	152332.3	2916479636	152332	39.34
67770	ASM143421v1 assembly for Lentilactobacillus parakefiri DSM 10551	scaffold	GCA_001434215	1423787.3	2660238146	1423787	0

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
20218	Lactobacillus parakefiri gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 8573	AB289232	610	152332
20218	Lactobacillus parakefiri gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 8573	AB370879	1497	152332
20218	Lentilactobacillus parakefiri gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: YIT 10382	AB429373	1533	152332
20218	Lactobacillus parakefiri 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AY026750	1396	152332
20218	Lactobacillus parakefiri gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: NBRC 15890	AB680991	1500	152332
67770	Lactobacillus parakefiri gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 8573	LC096211	1514	152332

GC content

@ref	GC-content (mol%)	Method
3924	42	thermal denaturation, midpoint method (Tm)
67770	42.6	genome sequence analysis

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: ASM3953564v1 assembly for Lentilactobacillus parakefiri JCM 8573
NCBI: GCA_039535645

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	obligate aerobe	96.34	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	negative	84.04	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	84.32	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	99.80	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Lactobacillus parakefiri DSM 10551
PATRIC: 1423787.3

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	94.41	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	75.25	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	82.63	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	85.88	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	96.99	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	88.50	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Comparison of Two l-Arabinose Isomerases for Multienzymatic Conversion of Lactose in Skim Milk Permeate at Neutral and Acidic pH.	Weber N, Lutz-Wahl S, Fischer L.	J Agric Food Chem	10.1021/acs.jafc.5c04545	2025
	Effects of different environmental stresses on cell surface hydrophobicity of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and propionibacteria	Racioppo A, Accettulli A, d'Amelio A, Corbo M, Sinigaglia M, Speranza B, Bevilacqua A.	BMC Microbiol		2025
Pathogenicity	Human breast milk isolated lactic acid bacteria: antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity on the Galleria mellonella burn wound model.	Guarnieri A, Venditti N, Cutuli MA, Brancazio N, Salvatore G, Magnifico I, Pietrangelo L, Falcone M, Vergalito F, Nicolosi D, Scarsella F, Davinelli S, Scapagnini G, Petronio Petronio G, Di Marco R.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2024.1428525	2024
Enzymology	Characterization of a novel glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) from Latilactobacillus curvatus K285 isolated from Gat -Kimchi.	Lee SJ, Jeon HS, Yoo JY, Kang YJ, Kim MJ, Kim TJ, Kim JH.	Food Sci Biotechnol	10.1007/s10068-021-01005-8	2022
	Identification of dominant species common to kefir grains from 7 origins for kefir grain reconstruction.	Motoshima H, Fujioka I, Uchida K.	J Dairy Sci	10.3168/jds.2025-26399	2025
	Verticle transmission of unique bacterial strains from mother to infant via consuming natural kefir	Tunay RT, Kok Tas T.	Int Dairy J		2022
	Identification and Characterization of Antiyeast Organic Acids Produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 3121M0s Derived from Mongolian Traditional Fermented Milk, Airag.	Lijon MB, Matsu-Ura Y, Ukita T, Arakawa K, Miyamoto T.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms13092017	2025
	Evolution in a plant matrix: adaptive reshaping of kefir grains microbiota and function during long-term soymilk culture.	Chen Z, Li Q, Li F, Yin L, Wang, Ye T, Wang Y, Fu S, Wang W, Huang X.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2025.1614639	2025
	A review of fermented milks: potential beneficial effects on human nutrition and health.	Yerlikaya O.	Afr Health Sci	10.4314/ahs.v23i4.54	2023
	Effect of Milk and Water Kefir Grains on the Nutritional Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Fermented Almond Milk.	La Torre C, Caputo P, Fazio A.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules30030698	2025
	Valorisation of Bovine Sweet Whey and Sunflower Press Cake Blend through Controlled Fermentation as Platform for Innovative Food Materials.	Mangieri N, Ambrosini D, Baroffio S, Vigentini I, Foschino R, De Noni I.	Foods	10.3390/foods11101417	2022
Metabolism	Comparison of Milk Kefirs Obtained from Cow's, Ewe's and Goat's Milk: Antioxidant Role of Microbial-Derived Exopolysaccharides.	M'hir S, Ayed L, De Pasquale I, Fanizza E, Tlais AZA, Comparelli R, Verni M, Latronico R, Gobbetti M, Di Cagno R, Filannino P.	Antioxidants (Basel)	10.3390/antiox13030335	2024
	Symbiosis of Carpenter Bees with Uncharacterized Lactic Acid Bacteria Showing NAD Auxotrophy.	Kawasaki S, Ozawa K, Mori T, Yamamoto A, Ito M, Ohkuma M, Sakamoto M, Matsutani M.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.00782-23	2023
	Effects of commercial and traditional kefir supplementation on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility and the fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota of healthy adult dogs.	Metras BN, Oba PM, Miller MJ, Swanson KS.	J Anim Sci	10.1093/jas/skad316	2023
Genetics	Analysis of the milk kefir pan-metagenome reveals four community types, core species, and associated metabolic pathways.	Walsh LH, Coakley M, Walsh AM, Crispie F, O'Toole PW, Cotter PD.	iScience	10.1016/j.isci.2023.108004	2023
	Probiotic Properties, Prebiotic Fermentability, and GABA-Producing Capacity of Microorganisms Isolated from Mexican Milk Kefir Grains: A Clustering Evaluation for Functional Dairy Food Applications.	Hurtado-Romero A, Del Toro-Barbosa M, Gradilla-Hernandez MS, Garcia-Amezquita LE, Garcia-Cayuela T.	Foods	10.3390/foods10102275	2021
	Health-Promoting Properties of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei: A Focus on Kefir Isolates and Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strains.	Bengoa AA, Dardis C, Garrote GL, Abraham AG.	Foods	10.3390/foods10102239	2021
	Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens: From Isolation and Taxonomy to Probiotic Properties and Applications.	Georgalaki M, Zoumpopoulou G, Anastasiou R, Kazou M, Tsakalidou E.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms9102158	2021
	Genomic characterization reconfirms the taxonomic status of Lactobacillus parakefiri.	Tanizawa Y, Kobayashi H, Kaminuma E, Sakamoto M, Ohkuma M, Nakamura Y, Arita M, Tohno M	Biosci Microbiota Food Health	10.12938/bmfh.16-026	2017

References

#3924	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 10551
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#41060	; Curators of the CIP;
#54806	Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) ; Curators of the CCUG; CCUG 39468
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68371	Automatically annotated from API 50CH acid .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#121564	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 104242
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Lactobacillus parakefiri (CCUG 39468, GCL 1731, ATCC 51648)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Murein

Metabolite utilization

Enzymes

API 50CHac

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Taxonmaps

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_039535645

16S sequences

GC content

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

BacDive

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