Schinkia azotoformans (CCUG 28517, NRRL B-14310, DSM 1046)

Name: Schinkia azotoformans (CCUG 28517, NRRL B-14310, DSM 1046)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 599

Type strain

Strain Designation 1, BAI

Culture col. no. CCUG 28517 NRRL B-14310 DSM 1046 ATCC 29788 CCM 2849 15 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 1131731 1454

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM KCTC CIP Literature strains

History DSMZ <- F. Pichinoty JCM <-- CIP 77.28 <-- Lab. Ident. Inst. Pasteur, Paris, France <-- F. Pichinoty strain 1 <-- B. Delaporte. CIP <- 1977, Lab. Ident. Inst. Pasteur, Paris, France <- F. Pichinoty, CNRS, Marseille: strain 1 <- 1972, B. Delaporte

Links

Schinkia azotoformans 1 is an aerobe, chemoorganotroph, spore-forming bacterium that was isolated from garden soil.

spore-forming Gram-positive motile rod-shaped aerobe chemoorganotroph genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 812

LMG 9581,ATCC 29788,CCM 2849,DSM 1046,NCIMB 11859,CCUG 28517,NRRL B-14310,NCIB 11859,IFO 15712,KCTC 3447,NCCB 93150,LMD 93.150,JCM 12210,NBRC 15712,HAMBI 1884,BCRC 15923,CCRC 15923,BCRC 16018,CCRC 16018,CCT 0195,NRRL B-14522,CIP 77.28

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:25:04

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Bacilli

Order Caryophanales

Family Bacillaceae

Genus Schinkia

Species Schinkia azotoformans

Full scientific name Schinkia azotoformans (Pichinoty et al. 1983 ex Pichinoty et al. 1976) Gupta et al. 2020

Synonyms (2)

Bacillus azotoformans
Calidifontibacillus azotoformans

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Schinkia azotoformans** (2)	Type strain
600	S. azotoformans BPs, BP_s, BP_s CNRS, ...
601	S. azotoformans BP_s J₃, DSM 5811, NRS ...

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell length	Cell width	Cell shape	Motility	Flagellum arrangement
23140	positive	3-10 µm	0.9-1.0 µm	rod-shaped		peritrichous
116694	positive			rod-shaped

Colony morphology

@ref	Colony size	Medium used
23140	5.0 mm	yeast extract-salts agar

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
23140	yeast extract-salts agar
37709	MEDIUM 3 - Columbia agar		Columbia agar (39.000 g);distilled water (1000.000 ml)
488	YEAST EXTRACT MINERAL MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 259)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: YEAST EXTRACT MINERAL MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 259) Composition: Agar 15.0 g/l Yeast extract 4.0 g/l Na2HPO4 x 12 H2O 3.5 g/l K2HPO4 1.0 g/l NH4Cl 0.5 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.03 g/l Distilled water
116694	CIP Medium 72	Medium recipe at CIP
116694	CIP Medium 3	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
488	positive	growth	30
23140	negative	growth	4
23140	positive	maximum	42-46
37709	positive	growth	30
49265	positive	growth	37
67770	positive	growth	30
116694	positive	growth	22-45
116694	negative	growth	10

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
49265	aerobe
116694	obligate aerobe
125439	facultative anaerobe	91.613

Nutrition type

23140

Typechemoorganotroph

Spore formation

@ref	Spore description	Type of spore	Spore formation
23140	oval, sporangium bulge, located terminally or sub-terminally	endospore
116694

Halophily

@ref	Salt	Growth	Tested relation	Concentration
116694	NaCl	positive	growth	0-2 %
116694	NaCl		growth	4 %
116694	NaCl		growth	6 %
116694	NaCl		growth	8 %
116694	NaCl		growth	10 %

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
23140	30089 ChEBI	acetate	+	degradation
68371	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68371	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	29016 ChEBI	arginine	-	hydrolysis	from API 20E
68371	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23140	16947 ChEBI	citrate	+	degradation
68368	16947 ChEBI	citrate	-	assimilation	from API 20E
68371	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	12936 ChEBI	D-galactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68371	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68371	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17924 ChEBI	D-sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23140	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	-	hydrolysis
68368	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	-	hydrolysis	from API 20E
68371	28066 ChEBI	gentiobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	24265 ChEBI	gluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23140	17234 ChEBI	glucose	-	fermentation
23140	17234 ChEBI	glucose	-	oxidation
23140	17859 ChEBI	glutaric acid	-	degradation
68371	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23140	15428 ChEBI	glycine	-	degradation
68371	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23140	29805 ChEBI	glycolate	-	degradation
68371	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68371	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23140	29991 ChEBI	L-aspartate	+	degradation
68371	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23140	29985 ChEBI	L-glutamate	+	degradation
68371	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68371	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23140	24996 ChEBI	lactate	+	degradation
68371	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	25094 ChEBI	lysine	-	degradation	from API 20E
23140	25115 ChEBI	malate	+	degradation
23140	15792 ChEBI	malonate	-	degradation
68371	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68371	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68371	59640 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
116694	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	builds gas from
116694	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction
116694	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	respiration
116694	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	+	reduction
68368	18257 ChEBI	ornithine	-	degradation	from API 20E
68371	0 ChEBI	Potassium 2-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	0 ChEBI	Potassium 5-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23140	17272 ChEBI	propionate	-	degradation
23140	15361 ChEBI	pyruvate	+	degradation
68371	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17814 ChEBI	salicin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	30911 ChEBI	sorbitol	-	fermentation	from API 20E
23140	28017 ChEBI	starch	-	hydrolysis
68371	28017 ChEBI	starch	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23140	30031 ChEBI	succinate	+	degradation
68371	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-	fermentation	from API 20E
23140	132950 ChEBI	tartrate	-	degradation
68371	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23140	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source
68368	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API 20E
68371	32528 ChEBI	turanose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
23140	53426 ChEBI	tween 80	-	hydrolysis
68368	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API 20E
68371	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite
23140	15688 ChEBI	acetoin
68368	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	from API 20E
68368	16136 ChEBI	hydrogen sulfide	from API 20E
23140	35581 ChEBI	indole
68368	35581 ChEBI	indole	from API 20E

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test	Indole test
23140	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-
116694	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-
68368	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-		from API 20E
23140	35581 ChEBI	indole		-
68368	35581 ChEBI	indole		-	from API 20E

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
23140	6-phospho-beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.85
116694	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
116694	amylase	+
23140	arginine dihydrolase	-	3.5.3.6
68368	arginine dihydrolase	-	3.5.3.6	from API 20E
116694	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23
68368	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API 20E
116694	caseinase	-	3.4.21.50
23140	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
116694	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
23140	cytochrome oxidase	+	1.9.3.1
68368	cytochrome oxidase	+	1.9.3.1	from API 20E
116694	DNase	+
116694	gamma-glutamyltransferase	-	2.3.2.2
116694	gelatinase	+
68368	gelatinase	-		from API 20E
116694	lecithinase	-
116694	lipase	-
116694	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68368	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18	from API 20E
116694	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
68368	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17	from API 20E
116694	oxidase	+
23140	phenylalanine deaminase	-	4.3.1.5
116694	protease	-
23140	thiosulfate reductase	-	2.8.1.5
23140	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1
68368	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1	from API 20E
116694	tween esterase	-
23140	urease	-	3.5.1.5
116694	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68368	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API 20E

Pathway annotation

Computationally determined by

@ref	pathway	enzyme coverage	annotated reactions
66794	CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	acetoin degradation	100	3 of 3
66794	gluconeogenesis	100	8 of 8
66794	lipoate biosynthesis	100	5 of 5
66794	L-lactaldehyde degradation	100	3 of 3
66794	coenzyme A metabolism	100	4 of 4
66794	formaldehyde oxidation	100	3 of 3
66794	aspartate and asparagine metabolism	100	9 of 9
66794	vitamin K metabolism	100	5 of 5
66794	methylglyoxal degradation	100	5 of 5
66794	phenylacetate degradation (aerobic)	100	5 of 5
66794	valine metabolism	100	9 of 9
66794	denitrification	100	2 of 2
66794	anapleurotic synthesis of oxalacetate	100	1 of 1
66794	propanol degradation	100	7 of 7
66794	folate polyglutamylation	100	1 of 1
66794	suberin monomers biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis	100	3 of 3
66794	adipate degradation	100	2 of 2
66794	ppGpp biosynthesis	100	4 of 4
66794	aminopropanol phosphate biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	palmitate biosynthesis	95.45	21 of 22
66794	vitamin B1 metabolism	92.31	12 of 13
66794	threonine metabolism	90	9 of 10
66794	glutamate and glutamine metabolism	89.29	25 of 28
66794	serine metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	C4 and CAM-carbon fixation	87.5	7 of 8
66794	isoleucine metabolism	87.5	7 of 8
66794	reductive acetyl coenzyme A pathway	85.71	6 of 7
66794	heme metabolism	85.71	12 of 14
66794	tetrahydrofolate metabolism	85.71	12 of 14
66794	leucine metabolism	84.62	11 of 13
66794	NAD metabolism	83.33	15 of 18
66794	vitamin B12 metabolism	82.35	28 of 34
66794	metabolism of amino sugars and derivatives	80	4 of 5
66794	peptidoglycan biosynthesis	80	12 of 15
66794	glycine betaine biosynthesis	80	4 of 5
66794	Entner Doudoroff pathway	80	8 of 10
66794	4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation	80	8 of 10
66794	3-phenylpropionate degradation	80	12 of 15
66794	propionate fermentation	80	8 of 10
66794	cellulose degradation	80	4 of 5
66794	citric acid cycle	78.57	11 of 14
66794	photosynthesis	78.57	11 of 14
66794	CO2 fixation in Crenarchaeota	77.78	7 of 9
66794	molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis	77.78	7 of 9
66794	chorismate metabolism	77.78	7 of 9
66794	acetate fermentation	75	3 of 4
66794	butanoate fermentation	75	3 of 4
66794	ketogluconate metabolism	75	6 of 8
66794	glycogen biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	phenol degradation	75	15 of 20
66794	biotin biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	flavin biosynthesis	73.33	11 of 15
66794	alanine metabolism	72.41	21 of 29
66794	cardiolipin biosynthesis	71.43	5 of 7
66794	glycolysis	70.59	12 of 17
66794	purine metabolism	70.21	66 of 94
66794	phenylalanine metabolism	69.23	9 of 13
66794	tryptophan metabolism	68.42	26 of 38
66794	oxidative phosphorylation	67.03	61 of 91
66794	acetyl CoA biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	octane oxidation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	enterobactin biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	pyrimidine metabolism	66.67	30 of 45
66794	selenocysteine biosynthesis	66.67	4 of 6
66794	d-mannose degradation	66.67	6 of 9
66794	methionine metabolism	65.38	17 of 26
66794	lysine metabolism	64.29	27 of 42
66794	proline metabolism	63.64	7 of 11
66794	dTDPLrhamnose biosynthesis	62.5	5 of 8
66794	6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis	62.5	5 of 8
66794	isoprenoid biosynthesis	61.54	16 of 26
66794	lipid metabolism	61.29	19 of 31
66794	cysteine metabolism	61.11	11 of 18
66794	factor 420 biosynthesis	60	3 of 5
66794	starch degradation	60	6 of 10
66794	gallate degradation	60	3 of 5
66794	glycogen metabolism	60	3 of 5
66794	histidine metabolism	58.62	17 of 29
66794	arginine metabolism	58.33	14 of 24
66794	degradation of sugar alcohols	56.25	9 of 16
66794	4-hydroxymandelate degradation	55.56	5 of 9
66794	pentose phosphate pathway	54.55	6 of 11
66794	urea cycle	53.85	7 of 13
66794	phenylpropanoid biosynthesis	53.85	7 of 13
66794	non-pathway related	52.63	20 of 38
66794	androgen and estrogen metabolism	50	8 of 16
66794	CMP-KDO biosynthesis	50	2 of 4
66794	cis-vaccenate biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	dolichol and dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	pantothenate biosynthesis	50	3 of 6
66794	ethanol fermentation	50	1 of 2
66794	glycolate and glyoxylate degradation	50	3 of 6
66794	glycine metabolism	50	5 of 10
66794	sulfopterin metabolism	50	2 of 4
66794	coenzyme M biosynthesis	50	5 of 10
66794	polyamine pathway	47.83	11 of 23
66794	sulfate reduction	46.15	6 of 13
66794	vitamin B6 metabolism	45.45	5 of 11
66794	nitrate assimilation	44.44	4 of 9
66794	degradation of sugar acids	44	11 of 25
66794	degradation of pentoses	42.86	12 of 28
66794	ubiquinone biosynthesis	42.86	3 of 7
66794	benzoyl-CoA degradation	42.86	3 of 7
66794	degradation of aromatic, nitrogen containing compounds	41.67	5 of 12
66794	hydrogen production	40	2 of 5
66794	3-chlorocatechol degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	creatinine degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	carnitine metabolism	37.5	3 of 8
66794	cholesterol biosynthesis	36.36	4 of 11
66794	tyrosine metabolism	35.71	5 of 14
66794	IAA biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	(5R)-carbapenem carboxylate biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	degradation of hexoses	33.33	6 of 18
66794	methanogenesis from CO2	33.33	4 of 12
66794	arachidonic acid metabolism	33.33	6 of 18
66794	lipid A biosynthesis	33.33	3 of 9
66794	cyanate degradation	33.33	1 of 3
66794	ascorbate metabolism	31.82	7 of 22
66794	myo-inositol biosynthesis	30	3 of 10
66794	glutathione metabolism	28.57	4 of 14
66794	d-xylose degradation	27.27	3 of 11
66794	lactate fermentation	25	1 of 4
66794	cyclohexanol degradation	25	1 of 4
66794	toluene degradation	25	1 of 4
66794	alginate biosynthesis	25	1 of 4
66794	phosphatidylethanolamine bioynthesis	23.08	3 of 13

API 20E

@ref	ONPG	ADH (Arg)	LDC (Lys)	ODC	CIT	H2S productionH2S	URE	TDA (Trp)	IND	Acetoin production (Voges Proskauer test)VP	GEL	GLU	MAN	INO	Sor	RHA	SAC	MEL	AMY	ARA	OX	Nitrite productionNO2	Reduction to N2N2	MotilityMOB	Growth on MacConkey mediumMAC	OF-O	OF-F
49265	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.

API 50CHac

@ref	ControlQ	GLY	ERY	DARA	LARA	RIB	DXYL	LXYL	ADO	MDX	GAL	GLU	FRU	MNE	SBE	RHA	DUL	INO	MAN	SOR	MDM	MDG	NAG	AMY	ARB	ESC	SAL	CEL	MAL	LAC	MEL	SAC	TRE	INU	MLZ	RAF	AMD	GLYG	XLT	GEN	TUR	LYX	TAG	DFUC	LFUC	DARL	LARL	GNT	2KG	5KG
49265	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

API biotype100

@ref	ControlQ	D-glucose as carbon sourceGLU	D-fructose as carbon sourceFRU	D-galactose as carbon sourceGAL	D-trehalose as carbon sourceTRE	D-mannose as carbon sourceMNE	L-sorbose as carbon sourceSBE	D-melibiose as carbon sourceMEL	sucrose as carbon sourceSAC	D-raffinose as carbon sourceRAF	maltotriose as carbon sourceMTE	maltose as carbon sourceMAL	lactose as carbon sourceLAC	lactulose as carbon sourceLTE	1-O-methyl-beta-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGa	1-O-methyl-alpha-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMaGa	D-cellobiose as carbon sourceCEL	gentiobiose as carbon sourceGEN	1-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGu	esculin as carbon sourceESC	D-ribose as carbon sourceRIB	L-arabinose as carbon sourceARA	D-xylose as carbon sourceXYL	palatinose as carbon sourcePLE	L-rhamnose as carbon sourceRHA	L-fucose as carbon sourceFUC	D-melezitose as carbon sourceMLZ	D-arabitol as carbon sourceDARL	L-arabitol as carbon sourceLARL	xylitol as carbon sourceXLT	dulcitol as carbon sourceDUL	D-tagatose as carbon sourceTAG	glycerol as carbon sourceGLY	myo-inositol as carbon sourceINO	D-mannitol as carbon sourceMAN	maltitol as carbon sourceMTL	D-turanose as carbon sourceTUR	D-sorbitol as carbon sourceSOR	adonitol as carbon sourceADO	hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide as carbon sourceHBG	D-lyxose as carbon sourceLYX	i-erythritol as carbon sourceERY	1-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucoside as carbon sourceMDG	3-O-methyl-D-glucose as carbon source3MDG	D-saccharate as carbon sourceSAT	mucate as carbon sourceMUC	L-tartrate as carbon sourceLTAT	D-tartrate as carbon sourceDTAT	meso-tartrate as carbon sourceMTAT	D-malate as carbon sourceDMLT	L-malate as carbon sourceLMLT	cis-aconitate as carbon sourceCATE	trans-aconitate as carbon sourceTATE	tricarballylate as carbon sourceTTE	citrate as carbon sourceCIT	D-glucuronate as carbon sourceGRT	D-galacturonate as carbon sourceGAT	2-ketogluconate as carbon source2KG	5-ketogluconate as carbon source5KG	tryptophan as carbon sourceTRY	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as carbon sourceNAG	D-gluconate as carbon sourceGNT	phenylacetate as carbon sourcePAC	protocatechuate as carbon sourcePAT	4-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcepOBE	quinate as carbon sourceQAT	gentisate as carbon sourceGTE	3-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcemOBE	benzoate as carbon sourceBAT	3-phenylpropionate as carbon sourcePPAT	m-coumarate as carbon sourceCMT	trigonelline as carbon sourceTGE	betaine as carbon sourceBET	putrescine as carbon sourcePCE	4-aminobutyrate as carbon sourceABT	histamine as carbon sourceHIN	DL-lactate as carbon sourceLAT	caprate as carbon sourceCAP	caprylate as carbon sourceCYT	L-histidine as carbon sourceHIS	succinate as carbon sourceSUC	fumarate as carbon sourceFUM	glutarate as carbon sourceGRE	DL-glycerate as carbon sourceGYT	5-aminovalerate as carbon sourceAVT	ethanolamine as carbon sourceETN	tryptamine as carbon sourceTTN	D-glucosamine as carbon sourceGLN	itaconate as carbon sourceITA	3-hydroxybutyrate as carbon source3OBU	L-aspartate as carbon sourceAPT	L-glutamate as carbon sourceGTT	L-proline as carbon sourcePRO	D-alanine as carbon sourceDALA	L-alanine as carbon sourceLALA	L-serine as carbon sourceSER	malonate as carbon sourceMNT	propionate as carbon sourcePROP	L-tyrosine as carbon sourceTYR	2-ketoglutarate as carbon source2KT
116694	not determinedn.d.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Environmental	#Terrestrial	#Soil
#Engineered	#Agriculture	#Garden

Isolation

@ref	Sample type
488	garden soil
49265	Garden soil
116694	Environment, Soil, garden

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence AB363732 (>99% sequence identity) for Calidifontibacillus azotoformans subclade from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	125
Soil Samples	431
Animal Samples	341
Plant Samples	39
Total Samples	936

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
488	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
116694	1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
67770	BAZO1.0 assembly for Schinkia azotoformans LMG 9581	contig	GCA_000307855	1131731.3	2524023181	1131731	38.86

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
20218	B.azotoformans 16S ribosomal RNA	X60609	1426	1131731
20218	Bacillus azotoformans strain DSM1046 DNA for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence	D78309	1432	1131731
20218	Bacillus azotoformans gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: NBRC 15712	AB363732	1475	1131731

GC content

@ref	GC-content (mol%)	Method
488	39.8
488	39.0
67770	38.6-41	Buoyant density centrifugation (BD)

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: BAZO1.0 assembly for Schinkia azotoformans LMG 9581
NCBI: GCA_000307855

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	facultative anaerobe	91.61	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	variable	56.98	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	62.50	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	71.52	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Bacillus azotoformans LMG 9581
PATRIC: 1131731.3

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	65.54	yes
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	84.43	no
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	yes	89.04	yes
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	yes	59.01	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	75.41	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	78.04	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Phylogeny	Characterization of microbial communities removing nitrogen oxides from flue gas: the BioDeNOx process.	Kumaraswamy R, van Dongen U, Kuenen JG, Abma W, van Loosdrecht MC, Muyzer G.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.71.10.6345-6352.2005	2005
Metabolism	Comparison of methods for quantification of cytochrome cd(1)-denitrifying bacteria in environmental marine samples.	Michotey V, Mejean V, Bonin P.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.66.4.1564-1571.2000	2000
Metabolism	Polyclonal antibodies recognizing the AmoB protein of ammonia oxidizers of the beta-subclass of the class Proteobacteria.	Pinck C, Coeur C, Potier P, Bock E.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.67.1.118-124.2001	2001
Phylogeny	Immunological identification and distribution of dissimilatory heme cd1 and nonheme copper nitrite reductases in denitrifying bacteria.	Coyne MS, Arunakumari A, Averill BA, Tiedje JM.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.55.11.2924-2931.1989	1989
Stress	Mechanistic insights into the adaptive evolvability of spore heat resistance in Bacillus cereus sensu lato.	Khanal S, Kim TD, Begyn K, Duverger W, Kramer G, Brul S, Rajkovic A, Devlieghere F, Heyndrickx M, Schymkowitz J, Rousseau F, Broussolle V, Michiels C, Aertsen A.	Int J Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110709	2024
	Revised safety evaluation of the food enzyme aqualysin 1 from the genetically modified Bacillus subtilis strain LMG S-25520 produced by a modified process.	EFSA Panel on Food Enzymes (FEZ), Zorn H, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Catania F, Gadermaier G, Greiner R, Mayo B, Mortensen A, Roos YH, Solano MLM, Sramkova M, Van Loveren H, Vernis L, Peluso S, Andryszkiewicz M, Cavanna D, Fernandez-Fraguas C, de Nijs RA, Liu Y.	EFSA J	10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9288	2025
Phylogeny	Isolation and Characterization of the First Temperate Virus Infecting Psychrobacillus from Marine Sediments.	Liu W, Zheng X, Dai X, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Xiao T, Huang L.	Viruses	10.3390/v14010108	2022
	Complete Genome Sequence of the Arcobacter suis Type Strain LMG 26152.	Miller WG, Yee E, Bono JL.	Microbiol Resour Announc	10.1128/mra.01307-18	2018
	Response surface methodology based optimization and scale-up production of amylase from a novel bacterial strain, Bacillus aryabhattai KIIT BE-1.	Ojha SK, Singh PK, Mishra S, Mishra S, Pattnaik R, Dixit S, Verma SK.	Biotechnol Rep (Amst)	10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00506	2020
	New approach for the detection of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes in Bacillus strains by polymerase chain reaction.	Tapi A, Chollet-Imbert M, Scherens B, Jacques P.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-009-2176-4	2010
Phylogeny	Highly diverse nirK genes comprise two major clades that harbour ammonium-producing denitrifiers.	Helen D, Kim H, Tytgat B, Anne W.	BMC Genomics	10.1186/s12864-016-2465-0	2016
	Unraveling the plasticity of translation initiation in prokaryotes: Beyond the invariant Shine-Dalgarno sequence.	Estrada K, Garciarrubio A, Merino E.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0289914	2024
	Production of Fermented Kale Juices with Lactobacillus Strains and Nutritional Composition.	Kim SY.	Prev Nutr Food Sci	10.3746/pnf.2017.22.3.231	2017
Enzymology	Significantly enhanced stability of glucose dehydrogenase by directed evolution.	Baik SH, Ide T, Yoshida H, Kagami O, Harayama S.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-002-1215-1	2003
Phylogeny	Beneficial bacteria activate nutrients and promote wheat growth under conditions of reduced fertilizer application.	Wang J, Li R, Zhang H, Wei G, Li Z.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/s12866-020-1708-z	2020
	Investigation of desirable hydrostatic pressure required to sterilize Bacillus stearothermophilus IFO 12550 spores and its sterilization properties in glucose, sodium chloride and ethanol solutions	Furukawa S, Hayakawa I.	Food Res Int	10.1016/s0963-9969(00)00120-4	2000
	Mechanism of inactivation of heat-tolerant spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus IFO 12550 by rapid decompression	Hayakawa I, Furukawa S, Midzunaga A, Horiuchi H, Nakashima T, Fujio Y, Yano Y, Ishikura T, Sasaki K.	J Food Sci	10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15745.x	1998
	Antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of Salvia sclarea essential oil.	Cui H, Zhang X, Zhou H, Zhao C, Lin L.	Bot Stud	10.1186/s40529-015-0096-4	2015
	Antimicrobial Activity of Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliate) Seed Extracts on Gram-Negative Food-borne Pathogens.	Kim SY, Shin KS.	Prev Nutr Food Sci	10.3746/pnf.2012.17.3.228	2012
Enzymology	Purification and characterization of an intracellular alpha-D-xylosidase from Penicillium wortmannii IFO 7237.	Matsuo M, Seki T, Mitsuishi Y, Shoun H, Nakahara T.	Biosci Biotechnol Biochem	10.1271/bbb.60.341	1996
Metabolism	Removal of Soluble Strontium via Incorporation into Biogenic Carbonate Minerals by Halophilic Bacterium Bacillus sp. Strain TK2d in a Highly Saline Solution.	Horiike T, Dotsuta Y, Nakano Y, Ochiai A, Utsunomiya S, Ohnuki T, Yamashita M.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00855-17	2017
Metabolism	Strain-specific strategies of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, and difucosyllactose assimilation by Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bi-26 and ATCC 15697.	Zabel BE, Gerdes S, Evans KC, Nedveck D, Singles SK, Volk B, Budinoff C.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-020-72792-z	2020
Metabolism	Isolation and molecular identification of landfill bacteria capable of growing on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and deteriorating PVC materials.	Latorre I, Hwang S, Montalvo-Rodriguez R.	J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng	10.1080/10934529.2012.707549	2012
Enzymology	Thermostable dipeptidase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: its purification, characterization, and comparison with aminoacylase.	Cho HY, Tanizawa K, Tanaka H, Soda K.	J Biochem	10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122317	1988
	PVC biodeterioration and DEHP leaching by DEHP-degrading bacteria.	Latorre I, Hwang S, Sevillano M, Montalvo-Rodriguez R.	Int Biodeterior Biodegradation	10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.12.011	2012
Metabolism	Enzymatic synthesis of flavin adenine dinucleotide.	Shimizu S, Yamane K, Tani Y, Yamada H.	Appl Biochem Biotechnol	10.1007/bf02778261	1983
Enzymology	Analogs of diaminopimelic acid as inhibitors of meso-diaminopimelate decarboxylase from Bacillus sphaericus and wheat germ.	Kelland JG, Arnold LD, Palcic MM, Pickard MA, Vederas JC.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/s0021-9258(18)69293-2	1986
Metabolism	Microbial conversion of ansamitocin.	Nakahama K, Izawa M, Asai M, Kida M, Kishi T.	J Antibiot (Tokyo)	10.7164/antibiotics.34.1581	1981
Enzymology	Properties of meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate D-dehydrogenase from Bacillus sphaericus.	Misono H, Soda K.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70348-2	1980
Metabolism	Studies on lankacidin-group (T-2636) antibiotics. X. Microbial conversion of lankacidin-group antibiotics.	Nakahama K, Harada S, Igarasi S.	J Antibiot (Tokyo)	10.7164/antibiotics.28.390	1975
Enzymology	Isolation and characterization of a cytotoxic metabolite of Talaromyces bacillosporus.	Ishii K, Itoh T, Kobayashi K, Horie Y, Ueno Y.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.61.3.941-943.1995	1995
Enzymology	Nature versus nurture in two highly enantioselective esterases from Bacillus cereus and Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis.	Grosse S, Bergeron H, Imura A, Boyd J, Wang S, Kubota K, Miyadera A, Sulea T, Lau PC.	Microb Biotechnol	10.1111/j.1751-7915.2009.00142.x	2010
Pathogenicity	Thuricin CD, a posttranslationally modified bacteriocin with a narrow spectrum of activity against Clostridium difficile.	Rea MC, Sit CS, Clayton E, O'Connor PM, Whittal RM, Zheng J, Vederas JC, Ross RP, Hill C.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.0913554107	2010
Pathogenicity	Antibacterial activity of licochalcone A against spore-forming bacteria.	Tsukiyama R, Katsura H, Tokuriki N, Kobayashi M.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.46.5.1226-1230.2002	2002
Enzymology	Redundancy and modularity in membrane-associated dissimilatory nitrate reduction in Bacillus.	Heylen K, Keltjens J.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2012.00371	2012
	Transformation of Bacillus stearothermophilus with plasmid DNA and characterization of shuttle vector plasmids between Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis.	Imanaka T, Fujii M, Aramori I, Aiba S.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.149.3.824-830.1982	1982
Enzymology	Incidence and diversity of potentially highly heat-resistant spores isolated at dairy farms.	Scheldeman P, Pil A, Herman L, De Vos P, Heyndrickx M.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.71.3.1480-1494.2005	2005
Metabolism	Nitrogen assimilation in denitrifier Bacillus azotoformans LMG 9581(T).	Sun Y, De Vos P, Willems A	Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek	10.1007/s10482-017-0911-x	2017
	Characterization and Potential Applications of a Selenium Nanoparticle Producing and Nitrate Reducing Bacterium Bacillus oryziterrae sp. nov.	Bao P, Xiao KQ, Wang HJ, Xu H, Xu PP, Jia Y, Haggblom MM, Zhu YG.	Sci Rep	10.1038/srep34054	2016
Phylogeny	Thermotolerant Bacillus kokeshiiformis sp. nov. isolated from marine animal resources compost.	Poudel P, Miyamoto H, Miyamoto H, Okugawa Y, Tashiro Y, Sakai K.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.059329-0	2014
Phylogeny	Bacillus paraflexus sp. nov., isolated from compost.	Chandna P, Chandna P, Mayilraj S, Kuhad RC.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.048223-0	2013
Phylogeny	Bacillus ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field.	Nguyen NL, Kim YJ, Hoang VA, Min JW, Liang ZQ, Yang DC.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.031740-0	2013
Phylogeny	Bacillus graminis sp. nov., an endophyte isolated from a coastal dune plant.	Bibi F, Chung EJ, Jeon CO, Chung YR.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.023820-0	2011
Phylogeny	Bacillus siamensis sp. nov., isolated from salted crab (poo-khem) in Thailand.	Sumpavapol P, Tongyonk L, Tanasupawat S, Chokesajjawatee N, Luxananil P, Visessanguan W.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.018879-0	2010
Phylogeny	Bacillus alkalitelluris sp. nov., an alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from sandy soil.	Lee JC, Lee GS, Park DJ, Kim CJ.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.65733-0	2008
Phylogeny	Ornithinibacillus gen. nov., with the species Ornithinibacillus bavariensis sp. nov. and Ornithinibacillus californiensis sp. nov.	Mayr R, Busse HJ, Worliczek HL, Ehling-Schulz M, Scherer S.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.64038-0	2006
Phylogeny	Bacillus herbersteinensis sp. nov.	Wieser M, Worliczek H, Kampfer P, Busse HJ.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.63660-0	2005
Phylogeny	Genome-based classification of Calidifontibacillus erzurumensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a hot spring in Turkey, with reclassification of Bacillus azotoformans as Calidifontibacillus azotoformans comb. nov. and Bacillus oryziterrae as Calidifontibacillus oryziterrae comb. nov.	Adiguzel A, Ay H, Baltaci MO, Akbulut S, Albayrak S, Omeroglu MA	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.004549	2020
Phylogeny	Bacillus salitolerans sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a salt mine in Xinjiang province, China.	Zhang WY, Hu J, Zhang XQ, Zhu XF, Wu M	Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek	10.1007/s10482-015-0497-0	2015

References

#488	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 1046
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#23140	F. PICHINOTY, H. DE BARJAC, M. MANDEL, J. ASSELINEAU: Description of Bacillus azotoformans sp. nov.. IJSEM 33: 660 - 662 1983 ( DOI 10.1099/00207713-33-3-660 )
#37709	; Curators of the CIP;
#49265	Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) ; Curators of the CCUG; CCUG 28517
#66794	Antje Chang, Lisa Jeske, Sandra Ulbrich, Julia Hofmann, Julia Koblitz, Ida Schomburg, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Dieter Jahn, Dietmar Schomburg: BRENDA, the ELIXIR core data resource in 2021: new developments and updates. Nucleic Acids Res. 49: D498 - D508 2020 ( DOI 10.1093/nar/gkaa1025 , PubMed 33211880 )
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68368	Automatically annotated from API 20E .
#68371	Automatically annotated from API 50CH acid .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#116694	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 77.28
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

Content

About us

Schinkia azotoformans (CCUG 28517, NRRL B-14310, DSM 1046)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Nutrition type

Spore formation

Halophily

Metabolite utilization

Metabolite production

Metabolite tests

Enzymes

Pathway annotation

API 20E

API 50CHac

API biotype100

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Taxonmaps

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_000307855

16S sequences

GC content

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

BacDive

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