Natronobacterium gregoryi (DSM 3393, ATCC 43098, CCM 3738)

Name: Natronobacterium gregoryi (DSM 3393, ATCC 43098, CCM 3738)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 5964

Type strain

Strain Designation SP2

Culture col. no. DSM 3393 ATCC 43098 CCM 3738 NCMB 2189 CCUG 28374 9 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 797304 44930

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM CIP

Links

Natronobacterium gregoryi SP2 is a mesophilic, Gram-negative prokaryote that was isolated from solar salt works liquor.

Gram-negative mesophilic genome sequence 16S sequence

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 92979

ATCC 43098,NCMB 2189,CCM 3738,DSM 3393,JCM 8860,IAM 13177,NCIMB 2189,VKM B-1750,CIP 104747,NBRC 102187,CGMCC 1.1967

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2025-12-16 09:48:12

Domain Methanobacteriati

Phylum Methanobacteriota

Class Halobacteria

Order Halobacteriales

Family Natrialbaceae

Genus Natronobacterium

Species Natronobacterium gregoryi

Full scientific name Natronobacterium gregoryi Tindall et al. 1984

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Motility	Confidence
119736	negative
125438			92

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
1374	NATRONOBACTERIA MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 371)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: NATRONOBACTERIA MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 371) Composition: NaCl 200.0 g/l Agar 20.0 g/l Casamino acids 5.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l Na2CO3 5.0 g/l Na2-glutamate 1.0 g/l KH2PO4 1.0 g/l KCl 1.0 g/l NH4Cl 1.0 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.24 g/l CaSO4 x 2 H2O 0.17 g/l HCl 0.0025 g/l FeCl2 x 4 H2O 0.0015 g/l CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.00019 g/l MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.0001 g/l ZnCl2 7e-05 g/l Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 3.6e-05 g/l NiCl2 x 6 H2O 2.4e-05 g/l H3BO3 6e-06 g/l CuCl2 x 2 H2O 2e-06 g/l Distilled water
38516	MEDIUM 172 - for Natronorubrum		Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Sodium chloride (200.000 g);Potassium chloride (0.500 g);Magnesium sulphate heptahydrate (0.240 g);Agar (20.000 g);Yeastextract (5.000 g);Ammonium chloride (0.250 g);Sodium glutamate (1.000 g);Calcium sulphate dihy
119736	CIP Medium 172	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)	Range
1374	positive	growth	37	mesophilic
38516	positive	growth	37	mesophilic
67770	positive	growth	37	mesophilic
119736	positive	growth	25-45
119736	negative	growth	5
119736	negative	growth	15

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
125439	aerobe	91.3

Observation

67770

Observationquinones: MK-8, MK-8(H₂), MMK-8, MMK-8(H₂), DMK-8, DMK-8(H₂)

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68377	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	+	builds acid from	from API NH
68377	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API NH
119736	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis
119736	606565 ChEBI	hippurate	-	hydrolysis
119736	15792 ChEBI	malonate	-	assimilation
68377	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API NH
119736	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
119736	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68377	18257 ChEBI	ornithine	-	degradation	from API NH
68377	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from	from API NH
68377	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API NH
68377	16199 ChEBI	urea	+	hydrolysis	from API NH

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
68377	35581 ChEBI	indole		from API NH
119736	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Indole test	Voges-proskauer-test	Methylred-test
119736	15688 ChEBI	acetoin		-
119736	17234 ChEBI	glucose			-
68377	35581 ChEBI	indole	-			from API NH

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
119736	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
68377	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API NH
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
119736	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23
68377	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API NH
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
68377	beta-lactamase	-	3.5.2.6	from API NH
119736	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	-		from API zym
119736	gamma-glutamyltransferase	-	2.3.2.2
68377	gamma-glutamyltransferase	+	2.3.2.2	from API NH
119736	gelatinase	-
68377	lipase	-		from API NH
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
119736	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
119736	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
68377	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17	from API NH
119736	oxidase	+
119736	phenylalanine ammonia-lyase	-	4.3.1.24
68377	proline-arylamidase	-	3.4.11.5	from API NH
119736	tryptophan deaminase	-
68377	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1	from API NH
119736	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68377	urease	+	3.5.1.5	from API NH
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

Pathway annotation

Computationally determined by

@ref	pathway	enzyme coverage	annotated reactions
66794	gluconeogenesis	100	8 of 8
66794	phenylacetate degradation (aerobic)	100	5 of 5
66794	adipate degradation	100	2 of 2
66794	factor 420 biosynthesis	100	5 of 5
66794	6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis	100	8 of 8
66794	cis-vaccenate biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	coenzyme A metabolism	100	4 of 4
66794	hydrogen production	100	5 of 5
66794	folate polyglutamylation	100	1 of 1
66794	UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis	100	3 of 3
66794	isoleucine metabolism	100	8 of 8
66794	suberin monomers biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	palmitate biosynthesis	100	22 of 22
66794	anapleurotic synthesis of oxalacetate	100	1 of 1
66794	methylglyoxal degradation	100	5 of 5
66794	chorismate metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	aspartate and asparagine metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	C4 and CAM-carbon fixation	87.5	7 of 8
66794	reductive acetyl coenzyme A pathway	85.71	6 of 7
66794	citric acid cycle	85.71	12 of 14
66794	vitamin B1 metabolism	84.62	11 of 13
66794	pantothenate biosynthesis	83.33	5 of 6
66794	glutamate and glutamine metabolism	82.14	23 of 28
66794	proline metabolism	81.82	9 of 11
66794	Entner Doudoroff pathway	80	8 of 10
66794	threonine metabolism	80	8 of 10
66794	propionate fermentation	80	8 of 10
66794	flavin biosynthesis	80	12 of 15
66794	vitamin K metabolism	80	4 of 5
66794	ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway	80	4 of 5
66794	glycogen metabolism	80	4 of 5
66794	valine metabolism	77.78	7 of 9
66794	CO2 fixation in Crenarchaeota	77.78	7 of 9
66794	molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis	77.78	7 of 9
66794	methionine metabolism	76.92	20 of 26
66794	phenylalanine metabolism	76.92	10 of 13
66794	alanine metabolism	75.86	22 of 29
66794	biotin biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	acetate fermentation	75	3 of 4
66794	vitamin B12 metabolism	73.53	25 of 34
66794	NAD metabolism	72.22	13 of 18
66794	heme metabolism	71.43	10 of 14
66794	tetrahydrofolate metabolism	71.43	10 of 14
66794	photosynthesis	71.43	10 of 14
66794	cardiolipin biosynthesis	71.43	5 of 7
66794	ubiquinone biosynthesis	71.43	5 of 7
66794	propanol degradation	71.43	5 of 7
66794	lipid metabolism	70.97	22 of 31
66794	glycolysis	70.59	12 of 17
66794	leucine metabolism	69.23	9 of 13
66794	histidine metabolism	68.97	20 of 29
66794	pyrimidine metabolism	68.89	31 of 45
66794	L-lactaldehyde degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	octane oxidation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	d-mannose degradation	66.67	6 of 9
66794	enterobactin biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	glycolate and glyoxylate degradation	66.67	4 of 6
66794	cyanate degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	formaldehyde oxidation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	methane metabolism	66.67	2 of 3
66794	acetoin degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	serine metabolism	66.67	6 of 9
66794	glutathione metabolism	64.29	9 of 14
66794	purine metabolism	63.83	60 of 94
66794	arginine metabolism	62.5	15 of 24
66794	tryptophan metabolism	60.53	23 of 38
66794	lipoate biosynthesis	60	3 of 5
66794	3-chlorocatechol degradation	60	3 of 5
66794	lysine metabolism	59.52	25 of 42
66794	cysteine metabolism	55.56	10 of 18
66794	non-pathway related	55.26	21 of 38
66794	carotenoid biosynthesis	54.55	12 of 22
66794	pentose phosphate pathway	54.55	6 of 11
66794	phosphatidylethanolamine bioynthesis	53.85	7 of 13
66794	oxidative phosphorylation	51.65	47 of 91
66794	selenocysteine biosynthesis	50	3 of 6
66794	CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	ethanol fermentation	50	1 of 2
66794	methanogenesis from CO2	50	6 of 12
66794	quinate degradation	50	1 of 2
66794	dTDPLrhamnose biosynthesis	50	4 of 8
66794	ketogluconate metabolism	50	4 of 8
66794	kanosamine biosynthesis II	50	1 of 2
66794	glycine metabolism	50	5 of 10
66794	tyrosine metabolism	50	7 of 14
66794	glycogen biosynthesis	50	2 of 4
66794	aminopropanol phosphate biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	phenylmercury acetate degradation	50	1 of 2
66794	4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation	50	5 of 10
66794	urea cycle	46.15	6 of 13
66794	sulfate reduction	46.15	6 of 13
66794	metabolism of disaccharids	45.45	5 of 11
66794	arachidonic acid metabolism	44.44	8 of 18
66794	nitrate assimilation	44.44	4 of 9
66794	degradation of sugar acids	44	11 of 25
66794	androgen and estrogen metabolism	43.75	7 of 16
66794	mevalonate metabolism	42.86	3 of 7
66794	degradation of aromatic, nitrogen containing compounds	41.67	5 of 12
66794	creatinine degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	bacilysin biosynthesis	40	2 of 5
66794	coenzyme M biosynthesis	40	4 of 10
66794	gallate degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	arachidonate biosynthesis	40	2 of 5
66794	degradation of pentoses	39.29	11 of 28
66794	cholesterol biosynthesis	36.36	4 of 11
66794	isoprenoid biosynthesis	34.62	9 of 26
66794	acetyl CoA biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	degradation of hexoses	33.33	6 of 18
66794	(5R)-carbapenem carboxylate biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	peptidoglycan biosynthesis	33.33	5 of 15
66794	allantoin degradation	33.33	3 of 9
66794	sphingosine metabolism	33.33	2 of 6
66794	IAA biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	lipid A biosynthesis	33.33	3 of 9
66794	polyamine pathway	30.43	7 of 23
66794	myo-inositol biosynthesis	30	3 of 10
66794	aclacinomycin biosynthesis	28.57	2 of 7
66794	d-xylose degradation	27.27	3 of 11
66794	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide biosynthesis	27.27	3 of 11
66794	vitamin B6 metabolism	27.27	3 of 11
66794	lactate fermentation	25	1 of 4
66794	phenol degradation	25	5 of 20
66794	cyclohexanol degradation	25	1 of 4
66794	vitamin E metabolism	25	1 of 4
66794	catecholamine biosynthesis	25	1 of 4
66794	sulfopterin metabolism	25	1 of 4
66794	CMP-KDO biosynthesis	25	1 of 4
66794	butanoate fermentation	25	1 of 4
66794	toluene degradation	25	1 of 4
66794	bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway	23.53	4 of 17
66794	4-hydroxymandelate degradation	22.22	2 of 9

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
49222	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
119736	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

API NH

@ref	PEN	GLU	FRU	MAL	SAC	ODC	URE	LIP	PAL	beta GAL	ProA	GGT	IND
49222	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	+	+	-	+	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2
#Environmental	#Aquatic
#Condition	#Saline

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Geographic location	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent
1374	solar salt works liquor	Magadi Lake	Kenya	KEN	Africa
49222	Pig lung,pleuropneumonia		Switzerland	CHE	Europe
67770	Lake Magadi		Kenya	KEN	Africa
119736	Environment, Water, Magadi lake	Magadi Lake	Kenya	KEN	Africa

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence D87970 (>99% sequence identity) for Natronobacterium gregoryi subclade from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	4
Soil Samples
Animal Samples
Plant Samples
Total Samples	4

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
1374	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
119736	1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM23071v3 assembly for Natronobacterium gregoryi SP2	complete	GCA_000230715	797304.6	2510461022	797304	98.45
66792	IMG-taxon 2693429900 annotated assembly for Natronobacterium gregoryi SP2	contig	GCA_900114025	44930.7	2693429900	44930	58.75
67770	ASM33765v1 assembly for Natronobacterium gregoryi SP2	contig	GCA_000337655	797304.7	2529293212	797304	52.95
66792	ASM285545v1 assembly for Natronobacterium gregoryi SP2	contig	GCA_002855455	797304.15	2811995171	797304	48.94

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
20218	Natronobacterium gregoryi gene for 16S rRNA, complete sequence, strain: JCM 17874	AB663467	1472		797304
20218	Natronobacterium gregoryi DNA for 16S rRNA	D87970	1467		797304

GC content

@ref	GC-content (mol%)	Method
1374	65.0
67770	65	Buoyant density centrifugation (BD)

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Natronobacterium gregoryi SP2
NCBI: GCA_000230715

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	78.00	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	55.90	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	positive	62.50	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	aerobe	91.30	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Natronobacterium gregoryi SP2 SP2
NCBI: GCA_000230715.3

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	no	80.06	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	73.84	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	yes	62.00	no
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	81.63	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	69.53	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	92.00	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Metabolism	A Large and Phylogenetically Diverse Class of Type 1 Opsins Lacking a Canonical Retinal Binding Site.	Becker EA, Yao AI, Seitzer PM, Kind T, Wang T, Eigenheer R, Shao KS, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Facciotti MT.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0156543	2016
	2-Sulfotrehalose, a novel osmolyte in haloalkaliphilic archaea.	Desmarais D, Jablonski PE, Fedarko NS, Roberts MF.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.179.10.3146-3153.1997	1997
	Lysis of halobacteria in bacto-peptone by bile acids.	Kamekura M, Oesterhelt D, Wallace R, Anderson P, Kushner DJ.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.54.4.990-995.1988	1988
	Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute inhibits class 1 integron integrase-mediated excision and integration.	Zeng Y, Tan X, Xiao P, Gao P, Wang L, Zhang A.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/gkaf248	2025
Phenotype	Efficient manipulation of gene expression using Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute in zebrafish.	Dong Z, Chen X, Zhuo R, Li Y, Zhou Z, Sun Y, Liu Y, Liu M.	BMC Biol	10.1186/s12915-023-01599-x	2023
	Characterization of Argonaute Nuclease from Mesophilic Bacterium Chroococcidiopsis.	Peng Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ma L.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms26031085	2025
	Random guide-independent DNA cleavage from the Argonaute of Exiguobacterium sp. AB2.	Caniza MAM, Dy RLV.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/s12866-025-04159-1	2025
	Long-term monitoring of ultratrace nucleic acids using tetrahedral nanostructure-based NgAgo on wearable microneedles.	Yang B, Wang H, Kong J, Fang X.	Nat Commun	10.1038/s41467-024-46215-w	2024
	When the research is not reproducible: the importance of author-initiated and institution-driven responses and investigations.	Tang BL.	Account Res	10.1080/08989621.2018.1479257	2018
Enzymology	DNA-guided genome editing using the Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute.	Gao F, Shen XZ, Jiang F, Wu Y, Han C.	Nat Biotechnol	10.1038/nbt.3547	2016
	CRISPR-Cas-Based Engineering of Probiotics.	Liu L, Helal SE, Peng N.	Biodes Res	10.34133/bdr.0017	2023
Metabolism	Deciphering Pathways for Carotenogenesis in Haloarchaea.	Giani M, Miralles-Robledillo JM, Peiro G, Pire C, Martinez-Espinosa RM.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules25051197	2020
	Zebrafish Embryonic Slow Muscle Is a Rapid System for Genetic Analysis of Sarcomere Organization by CRISPR/Cas9, but Not NgAgo.	Cai M, Si Y, Zhang J, Tian Z, Du S.	Mar Biotechnol (NY)	10.1007/s10126-018-9794-8	2018
	NgAgo-gDNA system efficiently suppresses hepatitis B virus replication through accelerating decay of pregenomic RNA.	Wu Z, Tan S, Xu L, Gao L, Zhu H, Ma C, Liang X.	Antiviral Res	10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.07.005	2017
Genetics	Multiplex CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing: Next-Generation Microbial Strain Engineering.	Lim SR, Lee SJ.	J Agric Food Chem	10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01650	2024
	Prokaryotic Argonaute Protein from Natronobacterium gregoryi Requires RNAs To Activate for DNA Interference In Vivo.	Xing J, Ma L, Cheng X, Ma J, Wang R, Xu K, Mymryk JS, Zhang Z.	mBio	10.1128/mbio.03656-21	2022
	Failure to detect DNA-guided genome editing using Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute.	Lee SH, Turchiano G, Ata H, Nowsheen S, Romito M, Lou Z, Ryu SM, Ekker SC, Cathomen T, Kim JS.	Nat Biotechnol	10.1038/nbt.3753	2016
Metabolism	NgAgo possesses guided DNA nicking activity.	Lee KZ, Mechikoff MA, Kikla A, Liu A, Pandolfi P, Fitzgerald K, Gimble FS, Solomon KV.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/gkab757	2021
	Genome manipulation by guide-directed Argonaute cleavage.	Huang S, Wang K, Mayo SL.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/gkad188	2023
	ssDNA and the Argonautes: The Quest for the Next Golden Editor.	Martinez-Galvez G, Ata H, Campbell JM, Ekker SC.	Hum Gene Ther	10.1089/hum.2016.071	2016
Metabolism	DNA-guided genome editing using structure-guided endonucleases.	Varshney GK, Burgess SM.	Genome Biol	10.1186/s13059-016-1055-4	2016
	HPV Oncogene Manipulation Using Nonvirally Delivered CRISPR/Cas9 or Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute.	Lao YH, Li M, Gao MA, Shao D, Chi CW, Huang D, Chakraborty S, Ho TC, Jiang W, Wang HX, Wang S, Leong KW.	Adv Sci (Weinh)	10.1002/advs.201700540	2018
	No evidence of genome editing activity from Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute (NgAgo) in human cells.	Javidi-Parsijani P, Niu G, Davis M, Lu P, Atala A, Lu B.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0177444	2017
Genetics	Catalytically active prokaryotic Argonautes employ phospholipase D family proteins to strengthen immunity against different genetic invaders.	Cheng F, Wu A, Li Z, Xu J, Cao X, Yu H, Liu Z, Wang R, Han W, Xiang H, Li M.	mLife	10.1002/mlf2.12138	2024
Metabolism	No evidence for genome editing in mouse zygotes and HEK293T human cell line using the DNA-guided Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute (NgAgo).	Khin NC, Lowe JL, Jensen LM, Burgio G.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0178768	2017
	Poloxamer-based drug delivery systems: Frontiers for treatment of solid tumors.	Pourbakhsh M, Jabraili M, Akbari M, Jaymand M, Jahanban Esfahlan R.	Mater Today Bio	10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101727	2025
Metabolism	Unexpected binding behaviors of bacterial Argonautes in human cells cast doubts on their use as targetable gene regulators.	O'Geen H, Ren C, Coggins NB, Bates SL, Segal DJ.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0193818	2018
Enzymology	Sulfur Respiration in a Group of Facultatively Anaerobic Natronoarchaea Ubiquitous in Hypersaline Soda Lakes.	Sorokin DY, Messina E, La Cono V, Ferrer M, Ciordia S, Mena MC, Toshchakov SV, Golyshin PN, Yakimov MM.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2018.02359	2018
Genetics	Cre/lox-Mediated CRISPRi Library Reveals Core Genome of a Type I Methanotroph Methylotuvimicrobium buryatense 5GB1C.	Cheng M, Pei D, He L, Fei Q, Yan X.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01883-22	2023
Metabolism	Expression and Functional Analysis of the Argonaute Protein of Thermus thermophilus (TtAgo) in E. coli BL21(DE3).	Xing J, Ma L, Cheng X, Ma J, Wang R, Xu K, Mymryk JS, Zhang Z.	Biomolecules	10.3390/biom11040524	2021
Genetics	Catalytic properties and biological function of a PIWI-RE nuclease from Pseudomonas stutzeri.	Huang F, Xu X, Dong H, Li N, Zhong B, Lu H, Liu Q, Feng Y.	Bioresour Bioprocess	10.1186/s40643-022-00539-x	2022
	RNA-guided RNA silencing by an Asgard archaeal Argonaute.	Bastiaanssen C, Bobadilla Ugarte P, Kim K, Finocchio G, Feng Y, Anzelon TA, Kostlbacher S, Tamarit D, Ettema TJG, Jinek M, MacRae IJ, Joo C, Swarts DC, Wu F.	Nat Commun	10.1038/s41467-024-49452-1	2024
	The prokaryotic Argonaute proteins enhance homology sequence-directed recombination in bacteria.	Fu L, Xie C, Jin Z, Tu Z, Han L, Jin M, Xiang Y, Zhang A.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/gkz040	2019
	Effect of Carbon Sources in Carotenoid Production from Haloarcula sp. M1, Halolamina sp. M3 and Halorubrum sp. M5, Halophilic Archaea Isolated from Sonora Saltern, Mexico.	Vazquez-Madrigal AS, Barbachano-Torres A, Arellano-Plaza M, Kirchmayr MR, Finore I, Poli A, Nicolaus B, De la Torre Zavala S, Camacho-Ruiz RM.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms9051096	2021
Metabolism	Sucrose Metabolism in Haloarchaea: Reassessment Using Genomics, Proteomics, and Metagenomics.	Williams TJ, Allen MA, Liao Y, Raftery MJ, Cavicchioli R.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02935-18	2019
	Cadherin-12 Regulates Neurite Outgrowth Through the PKA/Rac1/Cdc42 Pathway in Cortical Neurons.	Guo B, Qi M, Huang S, Zhuo R, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Xu M, Liu M, Guan T, Liu Y.	Front Cell Dev Biol	10.3389/fcell.2021.768970	2021
	Use of CRISPR/Cas9 to model brain diseases.	Yan S, Tu Z, Li S, Li XJ.	Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry	10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.003	2018
Genetics	Precise, flexible and affordable gene stacking for crop improvement.	Chen W, Ow DW.	Bioengineered	10.1080/21655979.2016.1276679	2017
Genetics	Cas9, Cpf1 and C2c1/2/3-What's next?	Nakade S, Yamamoto T, Sakuma T.	Bioengineered	10.1080/21655979.2017.1282018	2017
	Specific targeting of plasmids with Argonaute enables genome editing.	Esyunina D, Okhtienko A, Olina A, Panteleev V, Prostova M, Aravin AA, Kulbachinskiy A.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/gkad191	2023
Metabolism	Phylogenomic Analysis of beta-Lactamase in Archaea and Bacteria Enables the Identification of Putative New Members.	Keshri V, Panda A, Levasseur A, Rolain JM, Pontarotti P, Raoult D.	Genome Biol Evol	10.1093/gbe/evy028	2018
	A non-carboxylating pentose bisphosphate pathway in halophilic archaea.	Sato T, Utashima SH, Yoshii Y, Hirata K, Kanda S, Onoda Y, Jin JQ, Xiao S, Minami R, Fukushima H, Noguchi A, Manabe Y, Fukase K, Atomi H.	Commun Biol	10.1038/s42003-022-04247-2	2022
Metabolism	Metatranscriptomic analysis of prokaryotic communities active in sulfur and arsenic cycling in Mono Lake, California, USA.	Edwardson CF, Edwardson CF, Hollibaugh JT.	ISME J	10.1038/ismej.2017.80	2017
	Tracing the Evolution of Plant Glyoxalase III Enzymes for Structural and Functional Divergence.	Kumar B, Kaur C, Pareek A, Sopory SK, Singla-Pareek SL.	Antioxidants (Basel)	10.3390/antiox10050648	2021
Metabolism	Dihydroxyacetone metabolism in Haloferax volcanii.	Ouellette M, Makkay AM, Papke RT.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2013.00376	2013
Genetics	Modern Genome Editing Technologies in Huntington's Disease Research.	Malankhanova TB, Malakhova AA, Medvedev SP, Zakian SM.	J Huntingtons Dis	10.3233/jhd-160222	2017
Enzymology	DNA interference by a mesophilic Argonaute protein, CbcAgo.	Garcia-Quintans N, Bowden L, Berenguer J, Mencia M.	F1000Res	10.12688/f1000research.18445.2	2019
Metabolism	Trehalose/2-sulfotrehalose biosynthesis and glycine-betaine uptake are widely spread mechanisms for osmoadaptation in the Halobacteriales.	Youssef NH, Savage-Ashlock KN, McCully AL, Luedtke B, Shaw EI, Hoff WD, Elshahed MS.	ISME J	10.1038/ismej.2013.165	2014
Metabolism	Metagenomic study of red biofilms from Diamante Lake reveals ancient arsenic bioenergetics in haloarchaea.	Rascovan N, Maldonado J, Vazquez MP, Eugenia Farias M.	ISME J	10.1038/ismej.2015.109	2016
	Protein Catalysis Through Structural Dynamics: A Comprehensive Analysis of Energy Conversion in Enzymatic Systems and Its Computational Limitations.	Niazi SK.	Pharmaceuticals (Basel)	10.3390/ph18070951	2025
	The therapeutic landscape of HIV-1 via genome editing.	Kwarteng A, Ahuno ST, Kwakye-Nuako G.	AIDS Res Ther	10.1186/s12981-017-0157-8	2017
	Scientific novelty beyond the experiment.	Hallsworth JE, Udaondo Z, Pedros-Alio C, Hofer J, Benison KC, Lloyd KG, Cordero RJB, de Campos CBL, Yakimov MM, Amils R.	Microb Biotechnol	10.1111/1751-7915.14222	2023
	The present and future of genome editing in cancer research.	Li X, Wu R, Ventura A.	Hum Genet	10.1007/s00439-016-1713-3	2016
	Generation of beta-lactoglobulin knock-out goats using CRISPR/Cas9.	Zhou W, Wan Y, Guo R, Deng M, Deng K, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang F.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0186056	2017
	Growth kinetics of extremely halophilic archaea (family halobacteriaceae) as revealed by arrhenius plots.	Robinson JL, Pyzyna B, Atrasz RG, Henderson CA, Morrill KL, Burd AM, Desoucy E, Fogleman RE, Naylor JB, Steele SM, Elliott DR, Leyva KJ, Shand RF.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.187.3.923-929.2005	2005
Phylogeny	Diversity of alkaliphilic halobacteria: proposals for transfer of Natronobacterium vacuolatum, Natronobacterium magadii, and Natronobacterium pharaonis to Halorubrum, Natrialba, and Natronomonas gen. nov., respectively, as Halorubrum vacuolatum comb. nov., Natrialba magadii comb. nov., and Natronomonas pharaonis comb. nov., respectively.	Kamekura M, Dyall-Smith ML, Upasani V, Ventosa A, Kates M.	Int J Syst Bacteriol	10.1099/00207713-47-3-853	1997
Phylogeny	Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes reveals a unique microbial community in three anaerobic sludge digesters of Dubai.	Khan MA, Khan ST, Sequeira MC, Faheem SM, Rais N.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0249023	2021
	Why Is a High Temperature Needed by Thermus thermophilus Argonaute During mRNA Silencing: A Theoretical Study.	Liu Y, Yu Z, Zhu J, Wang S, Xu D, Han W.	Front Chem	10.3389/fchem.2018.00223	2018
Metabolism	DNA-guided DNA cleavage at moderate temperatures by Clostridium butyricum Argonaute.	Hegge JW, Swarts DC, Chandradoss SD, Cui TJ, Kneppers J, Jinek M, Joo C, van der Oost J.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/gkz306	2019
	Phylogenomic networks reveal limited phylogenetic range of lateral gene transfer by transduction.	Popa O, Landan G, Dagan T.	ISME J	10.1038/ismej.2016.116	2017
Metabolism	Guide-independent DNA cleavage by archaeal Argonaute from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii.	Zander A, Willkomm S, Ofer S, van Wolferen M, Egert L, Buchmeier S, Stockl S, Tinnefeld P, Schneider S, Klingl A, Albers SV, Werner F, Grohmann D.	Nat Microbiol	10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.34	2017
Genetics	May I Cut in? Gene Editing Approaches in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.	Brookhouser N, Raman S, Potts C, Brafman DA.	Cells	10.3390/cells6010005	2017
Enzymology	Wide distribution among halophilic archaea of a novel polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase subtype with homology to bacterial type III synthases.	Han J, Hou J, Liu H, Cai S, Feng B, Zhou J, Xiang H.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01117-10	2010
Metabolism	Programmable DNA cleavage by Ago nucleases from mesophilic bacteria Clostridium butyricum and Limnothrix rosea.	Kuzmenko A, Yudin D, Ryazansky S, Kulbachinskiy A, Aravin AA.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/gkz379	2019
Metabolism	Single-stranded binding proteins and helicase enhance the activity of prokaryotic argonautes in vitro.	Hunt EA, Evans TC, Tanner NA.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0203073	2018
	Extreme Environments and High-Level Bacterial Tellurite Resistance.	Maltman C, Yurkov V.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms7120601	2019
	Comparative analysis of ribonuclease P RNA structure in Archaea.	Haas ES, Armbruster DW, Vucson BM, Daniels CJ, Brown JW.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/24.7.1252	1996
Genetics	Impact of library preparation protocols and template quantity on the metagenomic reconstruction of a mock microbial community.	Bowers RM, Clum A, Tice H, Lim J, Singh K, Ciobanu D, Ngan CY, Cheng JF, Tringe SG, Woyke T.	BMC Genomics	10.1186/s12864-015-2063-6	2015
Phylogeny	Discovery of anaerobic lithoheterotrophic haloarchaea, ubiquitous in hypersaline habitats.	Sorokin DY, Messina E, Smedile F, Roman P, Damste JSS, Ciordia S, Mena MC, Ferrer M, Golyshin PN, Kublanov IV, Samarov NI, Toshchakov SV, La Cono V, Yakimov MM.	ISME J	10.1038/ismej.2016.203	2017
Genetics	CRISPR-Cas9: from Genome Editing to Cancer Research.	Chen S, Sun H, Miao K, Deng CX.	Int J Biol Sci	10.7150/ijbs.17421	2016
Metabolism	Anaerobic Growth of Haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii by Denitrification Is Controlled by the Transcription Regulator NarO.	Hattori T, Shiba H, Ashiki K, Araki T, Nagashima YK, Yoshimatsu K, Fujiwara T.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.00833-15	2016
Metabolism	RNase P RNAs from some Archaea are catalytically active.	Pannucci JA, Haas ES, Hall TA, Harris JK, Brown JW.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.96.14.7803	1999
	Haloarchaea and the formation of gas vesicles.	Pfeifer F.	Life (Basel)	10.3390/life5010385	2015
Pathogenicity	Coumarin and quinolone action in archaebacteria: evidence for the presence of a DNA gyrase-like enzyme.	Sioud M, Possot O, Elie C, Sibold L, Forterre P.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.170.2.946-953.1988	1988
Genetics	Progress in Genome Editing Technology and Its Application in Plants.	Zhang K, Raboanatahiry N, Zhu B, Li M.	Front Plant Sci	10.3389/fpls.2017.00177	2017
	Evolution of rhodopsin ion pumps in haloarchaea.	Sharma AK, Walsh DA, Bapteste E, Rodriguez-Valera F, Ford Doolittle W, Papke RT.	BMC Evol Biol	10.1186/1471-2148-7-79	2007
Genetics	A comparative genomics perspective on the genetic content of the alkaliphilic haloarchaeon Natrialba magadii ATCC 43099T.	Siddaramappa S, Challacombe JF, Decastro RE, Pfeiffer F, Sastre DE, Gimenez MI, Paggi RA, Detter JC, Davenport KW, Goodwin LA, Kyrpides N, Tapia R, Pitluck S, Lucas S, Woyke T, Maupin-Furlow JA.	BMC Genomics	10.1186/1471-2164-13-165	2012
Metabolism	Identification of polyhydroxyalkanoates in Halococcus and other haloarchaeal species.	Legat A, Gruber C, Zangger K, Wanner G, Stan-Lotter H	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-010-2611-6	2010
Phylogeny	Characterization of a novel halophilic archaeon, Halobiforma haloterrestris gen. nov., sp. nov., and transfer of Natronobacterium nitratireducens to Halobiforma nitratireducens comb. nov.	Hezayen FF, Tindall BJ, Steinbuchel A, Rehm BHA.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/00207713-52-6-2271	2002
Phylogeny	Natronobacterium texcoconense sp. nov., a haloalkaliphilic archaeon isolated from soil of a former lake.	Ruiz-Romero E, Sanchez-Lopez KB, Coutino-Coutino MLA, Gonzalez-Pozos S, Bello-Lopez JM, Lopez-Ramirez MP, Ramirez-Villanueva DA, Dendooven L	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.053629-0	2013

References

#1374	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 3393
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#38516	; Curators of the CIP;
#49222	Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) ; Curators of the CCUG; CCUG 28374
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#66794	Antje Chang, Lisa Jeske, Sandra Ulbrich, Julia Hofmann, Julia Koblitz, Ida Schomburg, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Dieter Jahn, Dietmar Schomburg: BRENDA, the ELIXIR core data resource in 2021: new developments and updates. Nucleic Acids Res. 49: D498 - D508 2020 ( DOI 10.1093/nar/gkaa1025 , PubMed 33211880 )
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68377	Automatically annotated from API NH .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#119736	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 104747
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Natronobacterium gregoryi (DSM 3393, ATCC 43098, CCM 3738)

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Physiology and metabolism

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API NH

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Genome browser: GCA_000230715

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