Halobacterium salinarum (DSM 669, ATCC 33170, NRC 34001)

Name: Halobacterium salinarum (DSM 669, ATCC 33170, NRC 34001)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 5909

Type strain

Strain Designation 63-R2

Culture col. no. DSM 669 ATCC 33170 NRC 34001 63-R2 JCM 8981 4 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 2886895 2242

Special Collections DSMZ JCM

History <- D. Keradjopoulos <- NRC <- A.G. Lochhead, 63-R2 NCIMB 2259 <-- B. J. Tindall <-- DSM 669 <-- D. Keradjopoulos <-- NRC <-- A. G. Lochhead.

Links

Halobacterium salinarum 63-R2 is an archaeon that was isolated from salted buffalo hide.

genome sequence 16S sequence Archaea

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 40374

ATCC 33170,DSM 669,JCM 8981,IFO 14715,NCIMB 2259,VKM B-1808,VKM B-997,LMD 81.95,NBRC 14715,NCCB 81095,CGMCC 1.1962,CGMCC 1.2060,CGMCC 1.2367

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-02-09 11:19:05

Domain Archaea

Phylum Methanobacteriota

Class Halobacteria

Order Halobacteriales

Family Halobacteriaceae

Genus Halobacterium

Species Halobacterium salinarum

Full scientific name Halobacterium salinarum corrig. (Harrison and Kennedy 1922) Elazari-Volcani 1957 (Approved Lists 1980)

Synonyms (9)

Halobacterium halobium
"Halobacter cutirubrum"
Halobacterium cutirubrum
"Bacterium halobium"
Halobacterium piscisalsi
Halobacterium salinarium
"Pseudomonas salinaria"
"Halobacter salinaria"
"Serratia cutirubra"

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Halobacterium salinarum** (14)	Type strain
5912	H. salinarum 91-R6, DSM 3754, ATCC 33171, JCM 8978, NCMB ... (type strain)
5908	H. salinarum 1, DSM 668, ATCC 19700
5910	H. salinarum DSM 670, JCM 20854, ATCC 43214, IAM 13167, ...
5911	H. salinarum R1, DSM 671, CCUG 24034, JCM 9409, ATCC 29341, ...
23038	H. salinarum DS21, GRB, DSM 22414
100563	H. salinarum ST033385(HKI),
24073	H. salinarum GRB-mut326-P577, DSM 21899, MUT mut326, MUT ...
134335	H. salinarum HPC1-2, BCC 24372, JCM 14661, PCU 302
161096	H. salinarum JCM 10927
162900	H. salinarum JCM 20370, IAM 12046
165991	H. salinarum JCM 9118, CCM 2148
165992	H. salinarum JCM 9119, CCM 2088
165993	H. salinarum JCM 9120, CCM 2090
165994	H. salinarum JCM 9121, CCM 2084

Morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Medium link	Composition
352	HALOBACTERIA MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 372)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: HALOBACTERIA MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 372) Composition: NaCl 200.0 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 20.0 g/l Agar 20.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l Casamino acids 5.0 g/l Na3-citrate 3.0 g/l KCl 2.0 g/l Na glutamate 1.0 g/l FeCl2 x 4 H2O 0.036 g/l MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.00036 g/l Distilled water
352	HALOBACTERIUM MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 97)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: HALOBACTERIUM MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 97) Composition: NaCl 250.0 g/l Agar 20.0 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 20.0 g/l Yeast extract 10.0 g/l Casamino acids 7.5 g/l Na3-citrate 3.0 g/l KCl 2.0 g/l FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.05 g/l MnSO4 x H2O 0.0002 g/l Distilled water

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
352	positive	growth	37
67770	positive	growth	37

Physiology and metabolism

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125439		93.8

Compound production

352

CompoundL alanine dehydrogenase

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Host	#Mammals	#Bovinae (Cow, Cattle)
#Condition	#Saline	-

Isolation

@ref	Sample type
352	salted buffalo hide
67770	Salted buffalo hide

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
352	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
124043	ASM2073648v1 assembly for Halobacterium salinarum NRC-34001	complete	GCA_020736485	2886895.3		2886895	98.37
66792	ASM1420251v1 assembly for Halobacterium salinarum DSM 669	contig	GCA_014202515	2242.22	2861557587	2242	72.08

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
124043	Halobacterium salinarum NBRC 14715 gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence.	LC556329	1439		2242

GC content

@ref	GC-content (mol%)	Method
67770	67.9	thermal denaturation, midpoint method (Tm)

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Halobacterium salinarum DSM 669
NCBI: GCA_014202515

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	93.80	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	61.40	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	positive	78.80	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	facultative aerobe	71.80	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Genetics	Comparative Genomics of Halobacterium salinarum Strains Isolated from Salted Foods Reveals Protechnological Genes for Food Applications.	Fontana A, Falasconi I, Bellassi P, Fanfoni E, Puglisi E, Morelli L.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms11030587	2023
Genetics	Genome comparison reveals that Halobacterium salinarum 63-R2 is the origin of the twin laboratory strains NRC-1 and R1.	Pfeiffer F, Dyall-Smith M.	Microbiologyopen	10.1002/mbo3.1365	2023
Genetics	Whole-genome comparison between the type strain of Halobacterium salinarum (DSM 3754^T ) and the laboratory strains R1 and NRC-1.	Pfeiffer F, Losensky G, Marchfelder A, Habermann B, Dyall-Smith M.	Microbiologyopen	10.1002/mbo3.974	2020
	Sulfated Lactosyl Archaeol Archaeosome-Adjuvanted Vaccine Formulations Targeting Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Are Immunogenic and Efficacious.	Akache B, Read AJ, Dudani R, Harrison BA, Williams D, Deschatelets L, Jia Y, Chandan V, Stark FC, Agbayani G, Makinen SR, Hemraz UD, Lam E, Regnier S, Zou W, Kirkland PD, McCluskie MJ.	Vaccines (Basel)	10.3390/vaccines11061043	2023
	Synthetic archaeosome vaccines containing triglycosylarchaeols can provide additive and long-lasting immune responses that are enhanced by archaetidylserine.	Sprott GD, Yeung A, Dicaire CJ, Yu SH, Whitfield DM.	Archaea	10.1155/2012/513231	2012
	Optimization of Growth and Carotenoid Production by Haloferax mediterranei Using Response Surface Methodology.	Montero-Lobato Z, Ramos-Merchante A, Fuentes JL, Sayago A, Fernandez-Recamales A, Martinez-Espinosa RM, Vega JM, Vilchez C, Garbayo I.	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md16100372	2018
	Simplified Admix Archaeal Glycolipid Adjuvanted Vaccine and Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Combination Enhances Protection from Murine Melanoma.	Stark FC, Agbayani G, Sandhu JK, Akache B, McPherson C, Deschatelets L, Dudani R, Hewitt M, Jia Y, Krishnan L, McCluskie MJ.	Biomedicines	10.3390/biomedicines7040091	2019
Pathogenicity	Sulfated archaeol glycolipids: Comparison with other immunological adjuvants in mice.	Akache B, Stark FC, Jia Y, Deschatelets L, Dudani R, Harrison BA, Agbayani G, Williams D, Jamshidi MP, Krishnan L, McCluskie MJ.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0208067	2018
Phylogeny	A 'universal' type II chaperonin PCR detection system for the investigation of Archaea in complex microbial communities.	Chaban B, Hill JE.	ISME J	10.1038/ismej.2011.96	2012
	Archaeosome vaccine adjuvants induce strong humoral, cell-mediated, and memory responses: comparison to conventional liposomes and alum.	Krishnan L, Dicaire CJ, Patel GB, Sprott GD.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.68.1.54-63.2000	2000
Genetics	Salty secrets of Halobacterium salinarum AD88: a new archaeal ecotype isolated from Cuatro Cienegas Basin.	Medina-Chavez NO, Rodriguez-Cruz UE, Souza V, De la Torre-Zavala S, Travisano M.	BMC Genomics	10.1186/s12864-025-11550-9	2025
Pathogenicity	The extremely halophilic archaeon Halobacterium salinarum ETD5 from the solar saltern of Sfax (Tunisia) produces multiple halocins.	Ghanmi F, Carre-Mlouka A, Zarai Z, Mejdoub H, Peduzzi J, Maalej S, Rebuffat S.	Res Microbiol	10.1016/j.resmic.2019.09.003	2020
	A conserved transcription factor controls gluconeogenesis via distinct targets in hypersaline-adapted archaea with diverse metabolic capabilities.	Hackley RK, Vreugdenhil-Hayslette A, Darnell CL, Schmid AK.	PLoS Genet	10.1371/journal.pgen.1011115	2024
	Restriction modification systems in archaea: A panoramic outlook.	Gulati P, Singh A, Patra S, Bhat S, Verma A.	Heliyon	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27382	2024
Metabolism	Antagonistic interactions and production of halocin antimicrobial peptides among extremely halophilic prokaryotes isolated from the solar saltern of Sfax, Tunisia.	Ghanmi F, Carre-Mlouka A, Vandervennet M, Boujelben I, Frikha D, Ayadi H, Peduzzi J, Rebuffat S, Maalej S.	Extremophiles	10.1007/s00792-016-0827-9	2016
Genetics	Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Saline Environments Active against E. faecalis and S. aureus: Identification, Characterisation and Potential Usage.	Lach J, Krupinska M, Mikolajczyk A, Strapagiel D, Staczek P, Matera-Witkiewicz A.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms241411787	2023
	Electron paramagnetic resonance study of structural changes in the O photointermediate of bacteriorhodopsin.	Chen D, Wang JM, Lanyi JK.	J Mol Biol	10.1016/j.jmb.2006.12.017	2007
Metabolism	A novel biosynthetic pathway of archaetidyl-myo-inositol via archaetidyl-myo-inositol phosphate from CDP-archaeol and D-glucose 6-phosphate in methanoarchaeon Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus cells.	Morii H, Kiyonari S, Ishino Y, Koga Y.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.m109.034652	2009
Metabolism	In vitro biosynthesis of ether-type glycolipids in the methanoarchaeon Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus.	Morii H, Eguchi T, Koga Y.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.01875-06	2007
	Extreme halophilic Archaea: Halobacterium salinarum carotenoids characterization and antioxidant properties.	Ben Hamad Bouhamed S, Chaari M, Baati H, Zouari S, Ammar E.	Heliyon	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36832	2024
	Bacterioruberin: Biosynthesis, Antioxidant Activity, and Therapeutic Applications in Cancer and Immune Pathologies.	Giani M, Pire C, Martinez-Espinosa RM.	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md22040167	2024
	Identification, Antioxidant Capacity, and Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) In Silico Inhibition of Haloarchaeal Carotenoids from Natronococcus sp. and Halorubrum tebenquichense.	Delgado-Garcia M, Gomez-Secundino O, Rodriguez JA, Mateos-Diaz JC, Muller-Santos M, Aguilar CN, Camacho-Ruiz RM.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms11092344	2023
Metabolism	TbsP and TrmB jointly regulate gapII to influence cell development phenotypes in the archaeon Haloferax volcanii.	Hackley RK, Hwang S, Herb JT, Bhanap P, Lam K, Vreugdenhil A, Darnell CL, Pastor MM, Martin JH, Maupin-Furlow JA, Schmid AK.	Mol Microbiol	10.1111/mmi.15225	2024
	Archaeal Lipids: Extraction, Separation, and Identification via Natural Product Chemistry Perspective.	Li T, Luo Y, Liu C, Lu X, Feng B.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms26073167	2025
	Physiological and genomic insights into abiotic stress of halophilic archaeon Natrinema altunense 4.1R isolated from a saline ecosystem of Tunisian desert.	Najjari A, Boussetta A, Youssef N, Linares-Pasten JA, Mahjoubi M, Belloum R, Sghaier H, Cherif A, Ouzari HI.	Genetica	10.1007/s10709-023-00182-0	2023
	Spiking Neurons Derived from Proteinoid and Bacteriorhodopsin.	Mougkogiannis P, Adamatzky A.	ACS Appl Bio Mater	10.1021/acsabm.5c00964	2025
	VOLN27B: A New Head-Tailed Halovirus Isolated from an Underground Salt Crystal and Infecting Halorubrum.	Chen S, Dai Y, Liu J, Zhang S, Chen F, Jin F, Ruan P, Li L, Chen X.	Archaea	10.1155/2021/8271899	2021
	Carbon Source Influences Antioxidant, Antiglycemic, and Antilipidemic Activities of Haloferax mediterranei Carotenoid Extracts.	Giani M, Gervasi L, Loizzo MR, Martinez-Espinosa RM.	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md20110659	2022
Phylogeny	Halobacterium piscisalsi Yachai et al. 2008 is a later heterotypic synonym of Halobacterium salinarum Elazari-Volcani 1957.	Minegishi H, Echigo A, Shimane Y, Kamekura M, Tanasupawat S, Visessanguan W, Usami R.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.036905-0	2012
	Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Bioactive Potential of Two New Haloarchaeal Strains Isolated from Odiel Salterns (Southwest Spain).	Gomez-Villegas P, Vigara J, Vila M, Varela J, Barreira L, Leon R.	Biology (Basel)	10.3390/biology9090298	2020
	Molecular scale conductance photoswitching in engineered bacteriorhodopsin.	Berthoumieu O, Patil AV, Xi W, Aslimovska L, Davis JJ, Watts A.	Nano Lett	10.1021/nl203965w	2012
	Non-ionic amphiphilic homopolymers: synthesis, solution properties, and biochemical validation.	Sharma KS, Durand G, Gabel F, Bazzacco P, Le Bon C, Billon-Denis E, Catoire LJ, Popot JL, Ebel C, Pucci B.	Langmuir	10.1021/la205026r	2012
	Studies on Siderophore and Pigment Produced by an Adhered Bacterial Strain Halobacillus trueperi MXM-16 from the Mangrove Ecosystem of Goa, India.	Kharangate-Lad A, Bhosle S.	Indian J Microbiol	10.1007/s12088-016-0591-7	2016
Metabolism	Deciphering Pathways for Carotenogenesis in Haloarchaea.	Giani M, Miralles-Robledillo JM, Peiro G, Pire C, Martinez-Espinosa RM.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules25051197	2020
Metabolism	Regulatory multidimensionality of gas vesicle biogenesis in Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1.	Yao AI, Facciotti MT.	Archaea	10.1155/2011/716456	2011
Metabolism	Glycolipid biotinylation on purple membrane with maintained bioactivity.	Xiang Y, Yang M, Su T, Chen Y, Bi L, Hu K.	J Phys Chem B	10.1021/jp901416j	2009
Metabolism	The benefit of combining nLC-MALDI-Orbitrap MS data with nLC-MALDI-TOF/TOF data for proteomic analyses employing elastase.	Rietschel B, Baeumlisberger D, Arrey TN, Bornemann S, Rohmer M, Schuerken M, Karas M, Meyer B.	J Proteome Res	10.1021/pr900557k	2009
Metabolism	tRNA Modification Profiles and Codon-Decoding Strategies in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii.	Yu N, Jora M, Solivio B, Thakur P, Acevedo-Rocha CG, Randau L, de Crecy-Lagard V, Addepalli B, Limbach PA.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.00690-18	2019
	Using Fluorescence Quenching Titration to Determine the Orientation of a Model Transmembrane Protein in Mimic Membranes.	Huang H, Ge B, Zhang S, Li J, Sun C, Yue T, Huang F.	Materials (Basel)	10.3390/ma12030349	2019
	Real-time UV-visible spectroscopy analysis of purple membrane-polyacrylamide film formation taking into account Fano line shapes and scattering.	Gomariz M, Blaya S, Acebal P, Carretero L.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0110518	2014
	Salty sisters: The women of halophiles.	Baxter BK, Gunde-Cimerman N, Oren A.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2014.00192	2014
	NMR crystallography: the effect of deuteration on high resolution 13C solid state NMR spectra of a 7-TM protein.	Varga K, Aslimovska L, Parrot I, Dauvergne MT, Haertlein M, Forsyth VT, Watts A.	Biochim Biophys Acta	10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.09.023	2007
Metabolism	Two distinct proton binding sites in the ATP synthase family.	von Ballmoos C, Dimroth P.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi701083v	2007
Metabolism	Ser(262) determines the chloride-dependent colour tuning of a new halorhodopsin from Haloquadratum walsbyi.	Fu HY, Chang YN, Jheng MJ, Yang CS.	Biosci Rep	10.1042/bsr20120054	2012
	Distribution and determination of Pb, Cd, Bi and Cu in the sea brine system: solution--colloidal particles--biota.	Bozhkov O, Tzvetkova C, Russeva E.	Ann Chim	10.1002/adic.200690044	2006
Genetics	Expansion segments in bacterial and archaeal 5S ribosomal RNAs.	Stepanov VG, Fox GE.	RNA	10.1261/rna.077123.120	2021
	Near-Temperature-Independent Electron Transport Well beyond Expected Quantum Tunneling Range via Bacteriorhodopsin Multilayers.	Bera S, Fereiro JA, Saxena SK, Chryssikos D, Majhi K, Bendikov T, Sepunaru L, Ehre D, Tornow M, Pecht I, Vilan A, Sheves M, Cahen D.	J Am Chem Soc	10.1021/jacs.3c09120	2023
	Bacterial and archaeal flagella as prokaryotic motility organelles.	Metlina AL.	Biochemistry (Mosc)	10.1007/s10541-005-0065-8	2004
Enzymology	Stability of an extreme halophilic alkaline phosphatase from Halobacterium salinarium in non-conventional medium.	Marhuenda-Egea FC, Piera-Velazquez S, Cadenas C, Cadenas E.	J Biotechnol	10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00250-4	2001
Enzymology	Purification and partial characterization of cytochrome c552 from Halobacterium salinarium.	Sreeramulu K.	Indian J Biochem Biophys		2003
	Haloterrigena sp. Strain SGH1, a Bacterioruberin-Rich, Perchlorate-Tolerant Halophilic Archaeon Isolated From Halite Microbial Communities, Atacama Desert, Chile.	Flores N, Hoyos S, Venegas M, Galetovic A, Zuniga LM, Fabrega F, Paredes B, Salazar-Ardiles C, Vilo C, Ascaso C, Wierzchos J, Souza-Egipsy V, Araya JE, Batista-Garcia RA, Gomez-Silva B.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2020.00324	2020
Metabolism	Functional characterization of sodium-pumping rhodopsins with different pumping properties.	Tsunoda SP, Prigge M, Abe-Yoshizumi R, Inoue K, Kozaki Y, Ishizuka T, Yawo H, Yizhar O, Kandori H.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0179232	2017
	[Study on the spectrum response characteristic based on the wide type bacteriorhodopsin film].	Yang WZ, Hou X, Chen F, Feng XQ, Yang Q, Li BF.	Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi		2004
	Effect of beta-particles on the retinal chromophore in bacteriorhodopsin of Halobacterium salinarium.	Mostafa HI.	Radiat Meas	10.1016/j.radmeas.2003.10.002	2004
	On the aperiodic locomotor behavior of Halobacterium salinarium under periodic light stimuli.	Casagrandi R, Rinaldi S.	J Theor Biol	10.1006/jtbi.2001.2482	2002
	Identification of archaea and some extremophilic bacteria using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry.	Krader P, Emerson D.	Extremophiles	10.1007/s00792-004-0382-7	2004
Metabolism	Robotic large-scale application of wheat cell-free translation to structural studies including membrane proteins.	Beebe ET, Makino S, Nozawa A, Matsubara Y, Frederick RO, Primm JG, Goren MA, Fox BG.	N Biotechnol	10.1016/j.nbt.2010.07.003	2011
	Changes in the retinal transition dipole moment in bacteriorhodopsin of the purple membrane of Halobacterium Salinarium at the so-called PH(rev).	Mostafa HI.	J Biochem Mol Biol Biophys	10.1080/10258140290010205	2002
	Analysis of Carotenoid Production by Halorubrum sp. TBZ126; an Extremely Halophilic Archeon from Urmia Lake.	Naziri D, Hamidi M, Hassanzadeh S, Tarhriz V, Maleki Zanjani B, Nazemyieh H, Hejazi MA, Hejazi MS.	Adv Pharm Bull	10.5681/apb.2014.010	2014
	Polyploidy in haloarchaea: advantages for growth and survival.	Zerulla K, Soppa J.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2014.00274	2014
	Growth kinetics of extremely halophilic archaea (family halobacteriaceae) as revealed by arrhenius plots.	Robinson JL, Pyzyna B, Atrasz RG, Henderson CA, Morrill KL, Burd AM, Desoucy E, Fogleman RE, Naylor JB, Steele SM, Elliott DR, Leyva KJ, Shand RF.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.187.3.923-929.2005	2005
Metabolism	An Approach to Heterologous Expression of Membrane Proteins. The Case of Bacteriorhodopsin.	Bratanov D, Balandin T, Round E, Shevchenko V, Gushchin I, Polovinkin V, Borshchevskiy V, Gordeliy V.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0128390	2015
Metabolism	[Inorganic polyphosphates and phosphohydrolases from Halobacterium salinarium].	Andreeva NA, Kulakovskaia TV, Kulaev IS.	Mikrobiologiia	10.1007/bf02756765	2000
Metabolism	On the kinetics of voltage formation in purple membranes of Halobacterium salinarium.	Hendler RW, Drachev LA, Bose S, Joshi MK.	Eur J Biochem	10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01620.x	2000
	Specific lipid-protein interactions in a novel honeycomb lattice structure of bacteriorhodopsin.	Sato H, Takeda K, Tani K, Hino T, Okada T, Nakasako M, Kamiya N, Kouyama T.	Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr	10.1107/s090744499900503x	1999
	Existence of two L photointermediates of halorhodopsin from Halobacterium salinarium, differing in their protein and water FTIR bands.	Chon YS, Kandori H, Sasaki J, Lanyi JK, Needleman R, Maeda A.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi9903042	1999
	A 71-kDa protein from Halobacterium salinarium belongs to a ubiquitous P-loop ATPase superfamily with head-rod-tail structure.	Ruepp A, Wanner G, Soppa J.	Arch Microbiol	10.1007/s002030050534	1998
Metabolism	Slowing of proton transport processes in the structure of bacterial reaction centers and bacteriorhodopsin in the presence of dipyridamole.	Knox PP, Lukashev EP, Mamedov MD, Semenov AY, Seifullina NH, Zakharova NI.	Biochemistry (Mosc)		2000
	The repair of ultraviolet light-induced DNA damage in the halophilic archaebacteria, Halobacterium cutirubrum, Halobacterium halobium and Haloferax volcanii.	McCready S.	Mutat Res	10.1016/0921-8777(96)00018-3	1996
Proteome	Probing the folding and unfolding of wild-type and mutant forms of bacteriorhodopsin in micellar solutions: evaluation of reversible unfolding conditions.	Chen GQ, Gouaux E.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi9909039	1999
	Role of helix-helix interactions in assembly of the bacteriorhodopsin lattice.	Isenbarger TA, Krebs MP.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi9905563	1999
Metabolism	Bacterioopsin-triggered retinal biosynthesis is inhibited by bacteriorhodopsin formation in Halobacterium salinarium.	Deshpande A, Sonar S.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.274.33.23535	1999
	A comprehensive history of motility and Archaellation in Archaea.	Jarrell KF, Albers SV, Machado JNS.	FEMS Microbes	10.1093/femsmc/xtab002	2021
Metabolism	The titrations of Asp-85 and of the cation binding residues in bacteriorhodopsin are not coupled.	Eliash T, Ottolenghi M, Sheves M.	FEBS Lett	10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00289-6	1999
Metabolism	Formation of the M(N) (M(open)) intermediate in the wild-type bacteriorhodopsin photocycle is accompanied by an absorption spectrum shift to shorter wavelength, like that in the mutant D96N bacteriorhodopsin photocycle.	Radionov AN, Klyachko VA, Kaulen AD.	Biochemistry (Mosc)		1999
Metabolism	A two-dimensional 1H detected 13C NMR investigation of pyruvate metabolism in Halobacterium salinarium.	Majumdar A, Sonawat HM.	J Biochem	10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021897	1998
	Protective roles of bacterioruberin and intracellular KCl in the resistance of Halobacterium salinarium against DNA-damaging agents.	Shahmohammadi HR, Asgarani E, Terato H, Saito T, Ohyama Y, Gekko K, Yamamoto O, Ide H.	J Radiat Res	10.1269/jrr.39.251	1998
Metabolism	Structure and function in bacteriorhodopsin: the role of the interhelical loops in the folding and stability of bacteriorhodopsin.	Kim JM, Booth PJ, Allen SJ, Khorana HG.	J Mol Biol	10.1006/jmbi.2001.4603	2001
Metabolism	Regulation of the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle and proton pumping in whole cells of Halobacterium salinarium.	Joshi MK, Bose S, Hendler RW.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi990104q	1999
Metabolism	Novel isoprenoid modified proteins in Halobacteria.	Sagami H, Kikuchi A, Ogura K, Fushihara K, Nishino T.	Biochem Biophys Res Commun	10.1006/bbrc.1994.2277	1994
Metabolism	A novel type of protein modification by isoprenoid-derived materials. Diphytanylglycerylated proteins in Halobacteria.	Sagami H, Kikuchi A, Ogura K.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.270.25.14851	1995
	High-salt effects on the structure and damage of chromosomal DNA in Halobacterium salinarium, an extremely halophilic bacterium.	Shahmohammadi HR, Terato H, Asgarani E, Saito T, Fumamizu H, Ohyama Y, Gekko K, Ide H.	Nucleic Acids Symp Ser		1997
	Approach toward enhancement of halophilic protease production by Halobacterium sp. strain LBU50301 using statistical design response surface methodology.	Chuprom J, Bovornreungroj P, Ahmad M, Kantachote D, Dueramae S.	Biotechnol Rep (Amst)	10.1016/j.btre.2016.02.004	2016
	Conformational changes in the core structure of bacteriorhodopsin.	Kluge T, Olejnik J, Smilowitz L, Rothschild KJ.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi9802465	1998
Metabolism	Palmitic acid is associated with halorhodopsin as a free fatty acid. Radiolabeling of halorhodopsin with 3H-palmitic acid and chemical analysis of the reaction products of purified halorhodopsin with thiols and NaBH4.	Colella M, Lobasso S, Babudri F, Corcelli A.	Biochim Biophys Acta	10.1016/s0005-2736(97)00276-9	1998
	[Spatial structure of bacterioopsin 87-136 fragment].	Maslennikov IV, Lugovskoi AA, Arsen'ev AS, Chikin LD, Ivanov VT.	Bioorg Khim		1997
	Reduction of membrane protein hydrophobicity by site-directed mutagenesis: introduction of multiple polar residues in helix D of bacteriorhodopsin.	Chen GQ, Gouaux E.	Protein Eng	10.1093/protein/10.9.1061	1997
Proteome	Cell-free synthesis, functional refolding, and spectroscopic characterization of bacteriorhodopsin, an integral membrane protein.	Sonar S, Patel N, Fischer W, Rothschild KJ.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi00213a004	1993
Metabolism	Culture temperature affects the molecular motion of bacteriorhodopsin within the purple membrane.	Kikukawa T, Araiso T, Mukasa K, Shimozawa T, Kamo N.	Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)	10.1248/cpb.44.473	1996
Metabolism	[Halophilic archaea flagella: biochemical and genetic analysis].	Serganova IS, Polosina IuIu, Kostiukova AS, Metlina AL, Piatibratov MG, Fedorov OV.	Biokhimiia		1995
	Transcription of the halophage phi H repressor gene is abolished by transcription from an inversely oriented lytic promoter.	Stolt P, Zillig W.	FEBS Lett	10.1016/0014-5793(94)00347-5	1994
	Aerotaxis in Halobacterium salinarium is methylation-dependent.	Lindbeck JC, Goulbourne EA, Johnson MS, Taylor BL.	Microbiology (Reading)	10.1099/13500872-141-11-2945	1995
	Comparative analysis of the protein components from 5S rRNA.protein complexes of halophilic archaebacteria.	McDougall J, Wittmann-Liebold B.	Eur J Biochem	10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18791.x	1994
	Comparative studies on ion pumps of the bacterial rhodopsin family.	Mukohata Y.	Biophys Chem	10.1016/0301-4622(94)85031-3	1994
	The fdx gene encoding the [2Fe--2S] ferredoxin of Halobacterium salinarium (H. halobium).	Pfeifer F, Griffig J, Oesterhelt D.	Mol Gen Genet	10.1007/bf00281602	1993
	Plasmid pHH1 of Halobacterium salinarium: characterization of the replicon region, the gas vesicle gene cluster and insertion elements.	Pfeifer F, Ghahraman P.	Mol Gen Genet	10.1007/bf00279547	1993
	Buoyancy studies in natural communities of square gas-vacuolate archaea in saltern crystallizer ponds.	Oren A, Pri-El N, Shapiro O, Siboni N.	Saline Syst	10.1186/1746-1448-2-4	2006
Enzymology	Identification of a lycopene beta-cyclase required for bacteriorhodopsin biogenesis in the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum.	Peck RF, Johnson EA, Krebs MP.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.184.11.2889-2897.2002	2002
Metabolism	Biosynthesis of ether-type polar lipids in archaea and evolutionary considerations.	Koga Y, Morii H.	Microbiol Mol Biol Rev	10.1128/mmbr.00033-06	2007
	Liposome Model Systems to Study the Endosomal Escape of Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Transport across Phospholipid Membranes Induced by a Proton Gradient.	Madani F, Peralvarez-Marin A, Graslund A.	J Drug Deliv	10.1155/2011/897592	2011
	Complete nucleotide sequence of the ribosomal 'A' protein operon from the archaebacterium, Halobacterium halobium.	Itoh T.	Eur J Biochem	10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14281.x	1988
Proteome	Representative proteomes: a stable, scalable and unbiased proteome set for sequence analysis and functional annotation.	Chen C, Natale DA, Finn RD, Huang H, Zhang J, Wu CH, Mazumder R.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0018910	2011
	The function of gas vesicles in halophilic archaea and bacteria: theories and experimental evidence.	Oren A.	Life (Basel)	10.3390/life3010001	2012
Enzymology	Wide distribution among halophilic archaea of a novel polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase subtype with homology to bacterial type III synthases.	Han J, Hou J, Liu H, Cai S, Feng B, Zhou J, Xiang H.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01117-10	2010
Metabolism	[Absorption of 14C-dicarboxylic acids by bacteria of the family Halobacteriaceae].	Plakunov VK, Zviagintseva IS, Tarasov AL.	Mikrobiologiia		1984
	Optogenetic acidification of synaptic vesicles and lysosomes.	Rost BR, Schneider F, Grauel MK, Wozny C, Bentz C, Blessing A, Rosenmund T, Jentsch TJ, Schmitz D, Hegemann P, Rosenmund C.	Nat Neurosci	10.1038/nn.4161	2015
	Detection of membrane protein two-dimensional crystals in living cells.	Gualtieri EJ, Guo F, Kissick DJ, Jose J, Kuhn RJ, Jiang W, Simpson GJ.	Biophys J	10.1016/j.bpj.2010.10.051	2011
	On the origin of prokaryotic "species": the taxonomy of halophilic Archaea.	DasSarma P, DasSarma S.	Saline Syst	10.1186/1746-1448-4-5	2008
	Computational analysis of the transient movement of helices in sensory rhodopsin II.	Sato Y, Hata M, Neya S, Hoshino T.	Protein Sci	10.1110/ps.04973805	2005
Metabolism	Glycerol-mediated repression of glucose metabolism and glycerol kinase as the sole route of glycerol catabolism in the haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii.	Sherwood KE, Cano DJ, Maupin-Furlow JA.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.00131-09	2009
	Comparative studies on the fine structure of purple membrane from Halobacterium Cutirubrum and Halobacterium Halobium.	Papadopoulos GK, Muccio DD, Hsiao TL, Cassim JY.	J Membr Biol	10.1007/bf01933483	1978
	Comparison of purple membrane from Halobacterium cutirubrum and Halobacterium halabium.	Kushwaha SC, Kates M, Stoeckenius W.	Biochim Biophys Acta	10.1016/0005-2736(76)90135-8	1976
Metabolism	Maturation of the 5S rRNA 5' end is catalyzed in vitro by the endonuclease tRNase Z in the archaeon H. volcanii.	Holzle A, Fischer S, Heyer R, Schutz S, Zacharias M, Walther P, Allers T, Marchfelder A.	RNA	10.1261/rna.933208	2008
	The flagellar bundle of Halobacterium salinarium is inserted into a distinct polar cap structure.	Kupper J, Marwan W, Typke D, Grunberg H, Uwer U, Gluch M, Oesterhelt D.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.176.16.5184-5187.1994	1994
	Resonant optical rectification in bacteriorhodopsin.	Groma GI, Colonna A, Lambry JC, Petrich JW, Varo G, Joffre M, Vos MH, Martin JL.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.0306789101	2004
Metabolism	Histone and TK0471/TrmBL2 form a novel heterogeneous genome architecture in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis.	Maruyama H, Shin M, Oda T, Matsumi R, Ohniwa RL, Itoh T, Shirahige K, Imanaka T, Atomi H, Yoshimura SH, Takeyasu K.	Mol Biol Cell	10.1091/mbc.e10-08-0668	2011
Metabolism	The N-terminal penultimate residue of 20S proteasome alpha1 influences its N(alpha) acetylation and protein levels as well as growth rate and stress responses of Haloferax volcanii.	Humbard MA, Zhou G, Maupin-Furlow JA.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.00090-09	2009
Metabolism	Radical reactions of thiamin pyrophosphate in 2-oxoacid oxidoreductases.	Reed GH, Ragsdale SW, Mansoorabadi SO.	Biochim Biophys Acta	10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.11.010	2012
Pathogenicity	Secreted euryarchaeal microhalocins kill hyperthermophilic crenarchaea.	Haseltine C, Hill T, Montalvo-Rodriguez R, Kemper SK, Shand RF, Blum P.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.183.1.287-291.2001	2001
	Cell-free co-expression of functional membrane proteins and apolipoprotein, forming soluble nanolipoprotein particles.	Cappuccio JA, Blanchette CD, Sulchek TA, Arroyo ES, Kralj JM, Hinz AK, Kuhn EA, Chromy BA, Segelke BW, Rothschild KJ, Fletcher JE, Katzen F, Peterson TC, Kudlicki WA, Bench G, Hoeprich PD, Coleman MA.	Mol Cell Proteomics	10.1074/mcp.m800191-mcp200	2008
	An analysis of amino acid sequences surrounding archaeal glycoprotein sequons.	Abu-Qarn M, Eichler J.	Archaea	10.1155/2006/510578	2007
	Structure and synthesis of polyisoprenoids used in N-glycosylation across the three domains of life.	Jones MB, Rosenberg JN, Betenbaugh MJ, Krag SS.	Biochim Biophys Acta	10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.03.030	2009
Enzymology	Genetic and proteomic analyses of a proteasome-activating nucleotidase A mutant of the haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii.	Kirkland PA, Gil MA, Karadzic IM, Maupin-Furlow JA.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.01196-07	2008
Metabolism	Fermentative arginine degradation in Halobacterium salinarium (formerly Halobacterium halobium): genes, gene products, and transcripts of the arcRACB gene cluster.	Ruepp A, Soppa J.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.178.16.4942-4947.1996	1996
Metabolism	Recombinant gas vesicles from Halobacterium sp. displaying SIV peptides demonstrate biotechnology potential as a pathogen peptide delivery vehicle.	Sremac M, Stuart ES.	BMC Biotechnol	10.1186/1472-6750-8-9	2008
Metabolism	Bacteriorhodopsin expressed in Schizosaccharomyces pombe pumps protons through the plasma membrane.	Hildebrandt V, Fendler K, Heberle J, Hoffmann A, Bamberg E, Buldt G.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.90.8.3578	1993
Metabolism	Primary structure and functional analysis of the soluble transducer protein HtrXI in the archaeon Halobacterium salinarium.	Brooun A, Zhang W, Alam M.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.179.9.2963-2968.1997	1997
Metabolism	Structural analysis by reductive cleavage with LiAlH4 of an allyl ether choline-phospholipid, archaetidylcholine, from the hyperthermophilic methanoarchaeon Methanopyrus kandleri.	Nishihara M, Morii H, Matsuno K, Ohga M, Stetter KO, Koga Y.	Archaea	10.1155/2002/682753	2002
	Identifying anisotropic constraints in multiply labeled bacteriorhodopsin by 15N MAOSS NMR: a general approach to structural studies of membrane proteins.	Mason AJ, Grage SL, Straus SK, Glaubitz C, Watts A.	Biophys J	10.1016/s0006-3495(04)74228-9	2004
	The protonation-deprotonation kinetics of the protonated Schiff base in bicelle bacteriorhodopsin crystals.	Sanii LS, Schill AW, Moran CE, El-Sayed MA.	Biophys J	10.1529/biophysj.105.059675	2005
Metabolism	Pseudouridine formation in archaeal RNAs: The case of Haloferax volcanii.	Blaby IK, Majumder M, Chatterjee K, Jana S, Grosjean H, de Crecy-Lagard V, Gupta R.	RNA	10.1261/rna.2712811	2011
	Pressure dependence of the photocycle kinetics of bacteriorhodopsin.	Klink BU, Winter R, Engelhard M, Chizhov I.	Biophys J	10.1016/s0006-3495(02)75348-4	2002
Metabolism	Changes produced by bound tryptophan in the ribosome peptidyl transferase center in response to TnaC, a nascent leader peptide.	Cruz-Vera LR, Gong M, Yanofsky C.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.0600082103	2006
Metabolism	Elastase digests: new ammunition for shotgun membrane proteomics.	Rietschel B, Arrey TN, Meyer B, Bornemann S, Schuerken M, Karas M, Poetsch A.	Mol Cell Proteomics	10.1074/mcp.m800223-mcp200	2009
	Residue replacements of buried aspartyl and related residues in sensory rhodopsin I: D201N produces inverted phototaxis signals.	Olson KD, Zhang XN, Spudich JL.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.92.8.3185	1995
Metabolism	Electrical-to-mechanical coupling in purple membranes: membrane as electrostrictive medium.	Kietis P, Vengris M, Valkunas L.	Biophys J	10.1016/s0006-3495(01)76135-8	2001
	Electrostatic and steric interactions determine bacteriorhodopsin single-molecule biomechanics.	Voitchovsky K, Contera SA, Ryan JF.	Biophys J	10.1529/biophysj.106.101469	2007
Metabolism	Chloride ion binding to bacteriorhodopsin at low pH: an infrared spectroscopic study.	Kelemen L, Galajda P, Szaraz S, Ormos P.	Biophys J	10.1016/s0006-3495(99)77354-6	1999
Metabolism	Experimental and theoretical characterization of the high-affinity cation-binding site of the purple membrane.	Pardo L, Sepulcre F, Cladera J, Dunach M, Labarta A, Tejada J, Padros E.	Biophys J	10.1016/s0006-3495(98)77567-8	1998
	Effects of sequential stimuli on Halobacterium salinarium photobehavior.	Lucia S, Ferraro M, Cercignani G, Petracchi D.	Biophys J	10.1016/s0006-3495(96)79358-x	1996
	Halocin S8: a 36-amino-acid microhalocin from the haloarchaeal strain S8a.	Price LB, Shand RF.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.182.17.4951-4958.2000	2000
Phylogeny	Discontinuous occurrence of the hsp70 (dnaK) gene among Archaea and sequence features of HSP70 suggest a novel outlook on phylogenies inferred from this protein.	Gribaldo S, Lumia V, Creti R, Conway de Macario E, Sanangelantoni A, Cammarano P.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.181.2.434-443.1999	1999
	Bacteriorhodopsin is involved in halobacterial photoreception.	Bibikov SI, Grishanin RN, Kaulen AD, Marwan W, Oesterhelt D, Skulachev VP.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.90.20.9446	1993
Metabolism	The methyl-accepting transducer protein HtrI is functionally associated with the photoreceptor sensory rhodopsin I in the archaeon Halobacterium salinarium.	Ferrando-May E, Krah M, Marwan W, Oesterhelt D.	EMBO J	10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05968.x	1993
	Characterization of plasmids in halobacteria.	Pfeifer F, Weidinger G, Goebel W.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.145.1.369-374.1981	1981
	Long-distance proton transfer with a break in the bacteriorhodopsin active site.	Phatak P, Frahmcke JS, Wanko M, Hoffmann M, Strodel P, Smith JC, Suhai S, Bondar AN, Elstner M.	J Am Chem Soc	10.1021/ja809767v	2009
Metabolism	Removal of the transducer protein from sensory rhodopsin I exposes sites of proton release and uptake during the receptor photocycle.	Olson KD, Spudich JL.	Biophys J	10.1016/s0006-3495(93)81295-5	1993
Enzymology	PURIFICATION OF A SALT-REQUIRING ENZYME FROM AN OBLIGATELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIUM.	HOLMES PK, HALVORSON HO.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.90.2.312-315.1965	1965
	THE CELL ENVELOPES OF TWO EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA.	BROWN AD, SHOREY CD.	J Cell Biol	10.1083/jcb.18.3.681	1963
Enzymology	PROPERTIES OF A PURIFIED HALOPHILIC MALIC DEHYDROGENASE.	HOLMES PK, HALVORSON HO.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.90.2.316-326.1965	1965
Enzymology	Gene for a cyclophilin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase from a halophilic archaeum, Halobacterium cutirubrum.	Iida T, Furutani M, Iwabuchi T, Maruyama T	Gene	10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00534-9	1997
Enzymology	Cyclosporin A sensitive peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase in a halophilic archaeum, Halobacterium cutirubrum.	Nagashima K, Mitsuhashi S, Kamino K, Maruyama T	Biochem Biophys Res Commun	10.1006/bbrc.1994.1068	1994
Phenotype	Evidence for two restriction-modification systems in Halobacterium cutirubrum.	Patterson NH, Pauling C	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.163.2.783-784.1985	1985
	Photoreactivation in pigmented and non-pigmented extreme halophiles.	Sharma N, Hepburn D, Fitt PS	Biochim Biophys Acta	10.1016/0304-4165(84)90287-3	1984
Phylogeny	Halobacterium piscisalsi sp. nov., from fermented fish (pla-ra) in Thailand.	Yachai M, Tanasupawat S, Itoh T, Benjakul S, Visessanguan W, Valyasevi R.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.65592-0	2008

References

#352	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 669
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Halobacterium salinarum (DSM 669, ATCC 33170, NRC 34001)

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