Paraglaciecola polaris (DSM 16457, CIP 108324, LMG 21857)

Name: Paraglaciecola polaris (DSM 16457, CIP 108324, LMG 21857)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 453

Type strain

Culture col. no. DSM 16457 CIP 108324 LMG 21857 ARK 150

NCBI tax ID(s) 1129793 222814

Special Collections DSMZ CIP Literature strains

History <- S. Van Trappen; ARK 150 <- T. L. Tan CIP <- 2004, S. Van Trappen, Ghent Univ., Ghent, Belgium <- T.L. Tan, Wegener Inst.: strain ARK 150

Links

Paraglaciecola polaris DSM 16457 is an aerobe, Gram-negative, motile bacterium that was isolated from sea water .

Gram-negative motile rod-shaped aerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 28694

LMG 21857,CIP 108324,DSM 16457

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-02-09 11:17:52

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Pseudomonadota

Class Gammaproteobacteria

Order Alteromonadales

Family Alteromonadaceae

Genus Paraglaciecola

Species Paraglaciecola polaris

Full scientific name Paraglaciecola polaris (Van Trappen et al. 2004) Shivaji and Reddy 2014

Synonyms (1)

Glaciecola polaris

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell length	Cell width	Cell shape	Confidence
31245	negative	2.5 µm	0.4 µm	rod-shaped
121925	negative			rod-shaped
125438	negative				99.5
125439	negative				98.7

Pigmentation

31245

Productionno

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
6448	BACTO MARINE BROTH (DIFCO 2216) (DSMZ Medium 514)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: BACTO MARINE BROTH (DIFCO 2216) (DSMZ Medium 514) Composition: NaCl 19.45 g/l MgCl2 5.9 g/l Bacto peptone 5.0 g/l Na2SO4 3.24 g/l CaCl2 1.8 g/l Yeast extract 1.0 g/l KCl 0.55 g/l NaHCO3 0.16 g/l Fe(III) citrate 0.1 g/l KBr 0.08 g/l SrCl2 0.034 g/l H3BO3 0.022 g/l Na2HPO4 0.008 g/l Na-silicate 0.004 g/l NaF 0.0024 g/l (NH4)NO3 0.0016 g/l Distilled water
36580	Marine agar (MA)		Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Marine agar (55.100 g)
121925	CIP Medium 13	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
6448	positive	growth	20
31245	positive	growth	05-30
31245	positive	optimum	17.5
36580	positive	growth	20
121925	positive	growth	5-25
121925	negative	growth	30

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
31245	aerobe
125439	obligate aerobe	96.3

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125438		91.249
125439		99.3

Halophily

@ref	Salt	Growth	Tested relation	Concentration
31245	NaCl	positive	growth	<10 %
31245	NaCl	positive	optimum	5 %
121925	NaCl	positive	growth	2-6 %
121925	NaCl		growth	0 %
121925	NaCl		growth	8 %
121925	NaCl		growth	10 %

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
31245	30089 ChEBI	acetate	+	carbon source
31245	16449 ChEBI	alanine	+	carbon source
31245	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	+	carbon source
31245	23652 ChEBI	dextrin	+	carbon source
31245	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis
121925	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis
31245	28757 ChEBI	fructose	+	carbon source
31245	28260 ChEBI	galactose	+	carbon source
31245	17234 ChEBI	glucose	+	carbon source
31245	29987 ChEBI	glutamate	+	carbon source
31245	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	+	carbon source
31245	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	+	carbon source
31245	17716 ChEBI	lactose	+	carbon source
31245	25017 ChEBI	leucine	+	carbon source
31245	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	carbon source
31245	29864 ChEBI	mannitol	+	carbon source
31245	37684 ChEBI	mannose	+	carbon source
31245	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	+	carbon source
31245	37657 ChEBI	methyl D-glucoside	+	carbon source
31245	51850 ChEBI	methyl pyruvate	+	carbon source
121925	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
121925	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
31245	17272 ChEBI	propionate	+	carbon source
31245	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	+	carbon source
31245	17814 ChEBI	salicin	+	carbon source
121925	132112 ChEBI	sodium thiosulfate	-	builds gas from
31245	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	carbon source
31245	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	carbon source
31245	53423 ChEBI	tween 40	+	carbon source
31245	53426 ChEBI	tween 80	+	carbon source

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
121925	35581 ChEBI	indole

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
31245	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
121925	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
31245	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
121925	amylase	+
68382	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API zym
121925	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23
68382	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
121925	caseinase	+	3.4.21.50
121925	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
121925	gelatinase	+/-
121925	lecithinase	+
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
121925	lipase	+
68382	lipase (C 14)	+		from API zym
121925	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
121925	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
121925	oxidase	+
121925	protease	+
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
121925	tryptophan deaminase	-
121925	tween esterase	+
121925	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68382	valine arylamidase	+		from API zym

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
121925	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-

API biotype100

@ref	ControlQ	D-glucose as carbon sourceGLU	D-fructose as carbon sourceFRU	D-galactose as carbon sourceGAL	D-trehalose as carbon sourceTRE	D-mannose as carbon sourceMNE	L-sorbose as carbon sourceSBE	D-melibiose as carbon sourceMEL	sucrose as carbon sourceSAC	D-raffinose as carbon sourceRAF	maltotriose as carbon sourceMTE	maltose as carbon sourceMAL	lactose as carbon sourceLAC	lactulose as carbon sourceLTE	1-O-methyl-beta-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGa	1-O-methyl-alpha-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMaGa	D-cellobiose as carbon sourceCEL	gentiobiose as carbon sourceGEN	1-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGu	esculin as carbon sourceESC	D-ribose as carbon sourceRIB	L-arabinose as carbon sourceARA	D-xylose as carbon sourceXYL	palatinose as carbon sourcePLE	L-rhamnose as carbon sourceRHA	L-fucose as carbon sourceFUC	D-melezitose as carbon sourceMLZ	D-arabitol as carbon sourceDARL	L-arabitol as carbon sourceLARL	xylitol as carbon sourceXLT	dulcitol as carbon sourceDUL	D-tagatose as carbon sourceTAG	glycerol as carbon sourceGLY	myo-inositol as carbon sourceINO	D-mannitol as carbon sourceMAN	maltitol as carbon sourceMTL	D-turanose as carbon sourceTUR	D-sorbitol as carbon sourceSOR	adonitol as carbon sourceADO	hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide as carbon sourceHBG	D-lyxose as carbon sourceLYX	i-erythritol as carbon sourceERY	1-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucoside as carbon sourceMDG	3-O-methyl-D-glucose as carbon source3MDG	D-saccharate as carbon sourceSAT	mucate as carbon sourceMUC	L-tartrate as carbon sourceLTAT	D-tartrate as carbon sourceDTAT	meso-tartrate as carbon sourceMTAT	D-malate as carbon sourceDMLT	L-malate as carbon sourceLMLT	cis-aconitate as carbon sourceCATE	trans-aconitate as carbon sourceTATE	tricarballylate as carbon sourceTTE	citrate as carbon sourceCIT	D-glucuronate as carbon sourceGRT	D-galacturonate as carbon sourceGAT	2-ketogluconate as carbon source2KG	5-ketogluconate as carbon source5KG	tryptophan as carbon sourceTRY	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as carbon sourceNAG	D-gluconate as carbon sourceGNT	phenylacetate as carbon sourcePAC	protocatechuate as carbon sourcePAT	4-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcepOBE	quinate as carbon sourceQAT	gentisate as carbon sourceGTE	3-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcemOBE	benzoate as carbon sourceBAT	3-phenylpropionate as carbon sourcePPAT	m-coumarate as carbon sourceCMT	trigonelline as carbon sourceTGE	betaine as carbon sourceBET	putrescine as carbon sourcePCE	4-aminobutyrate as carbon sourceABT	histamine as carbon sourceHIN	DL-lactate as carbon sourceLAT	caprate as carbon sourceCAP	caprylate as carbon sourceCYT	L-histidine as carbon sourceHIS	succinate as carbon sourceSUC	fumarate as carbon sourceFUM	glutarate as carbon sourceGRE	DL-glycerate as carbon sourceGYT	5-aminovalerate as carbon sourceAVT	ethanolamine as carbon sourceETN	tryptamine as carbon sourceTTN	D-glucosamine as carbon sourceGLN	itaconate as carbon sourceITA	3-hydroxybutyrate as carbon source3OBU	L-aspartate as carbon sourceAPT	L-glutamate as carbon sourceGTT	L-proline as carbon sourcePRO	D-alanine as carbon sourceDALA	L-alanine as carbon sourceLALA	L-serine as carbon sourceSER	malonate as carbon sourceMNT	propionate as carbon sourcePROP	L-tyrosine as carbon sourceTYR	2-ketoglutarate as carbon source2KT
121925	not determinedn.d.	+	-	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Environmental	#Aquatic	#Marine

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Country	Isolation date	Geographic location
6448	sea water (25m depth)			Arctic Ocean
121925	Environment, Arctic sea water	Western Greenland Sea	1997

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence AJ293820 (>99% sequence identity) for Paraglaciecola polaris from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	515
Soil Samples	1
Animal Samples	41
Plant Samples	3
Total Samples	560

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
6448	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
121925	1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM31505v1 assembly for Paraglaciecola polaris LMG 21857	contig	GCA_000315055	1129793.3	2531839185	1129793	50

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
6448	Glaciecola polaris 16S rRNA gene, type strain LMG 21857	AJ293820	1485		222814

GC content

31245

GC-content (mol%)44.2

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Paraglaciecola polaris LMG 21857
NCBI: GCA_000315055

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	99.30	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	74.60	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	negative	98.70	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	obligate aerobe	96.30	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Glaciecola polaris LMG 21857
PATRIC: 1129793.3

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	no	99.50	yes
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	96.59	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	91.25	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	yes	78.15	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	96.98	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	84.51	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Phylogeny	Proposal of Paraglaciecola agarilytica (Yong et al. 2007) Shivaji and Reddy 2014 as a later heterotypic synonym of Paraglaciecola chathamensis (Matsuyama et al. 2006) Shivaji and Reddy 2014 and an emended description of Paraglaciecola chathamensis.	Zou W, Tang T, Ming Y, Liu J, Zheng Y, Li K, Mo P, Li B.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.006758	2025
Enzymology	Structural and Functional Characterization of a Novel Family of Cyclophilins, the AquaCyps.	Jakob RP, Schmidpeter PA, Koch JR, Schmid FX, Maier T.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0157070	2016
Genetics	Out From the Shadows - Resolution of the Taxonomy of the Family Cryomorphaceae.	Bowman JP.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2020.00795	2020
Genetics	Pangenome Evolution in the Marine Bacterium Alteromonas.	Lopez-Perez M, Rodriguez-Valera F.	Genome Biol Evol	10.1093/gbe/evw098	2016
Biotechnology	The mosaic accessory gene structures of the SXT/R391-like integrative and conjugative elements derived from Vibrio spp. isolated from aquatic products and environment in the Yangtze River Estuary, China.	Song Y, Yu P, Li B, Pan Y, Zhang X, Cong J, Zhao Y, Wang H, Chen L.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/1471-2180-13-214	2013
Enzymology	Serine-Threonine Kinases Encoded by Split hipA Homologs Inhibit Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase.	Vang Nielsen S, Turnbull KJ, Roghanian M, Baerentsen R, Semanjski M, Brodersen DE, Macek B, Gerdes K.	mBio	10.1128/mbio.01138-19	2019
Genetics	The Genetic Analysis of an Acinetobacter johnsonii Clinical Strain Evidenced the Presence of Horizontal Genetic Transfer.	Montana S, Schramm ST, Traglia GM, Chiem K, Parmeciano Di Noto G, Almuzara M, Barberis C, Vay C, Quiroga C, Tolmasky ME, Iriarte A, Ramirez MS.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0161528	2016
Metabolism	Gene cloning and expression of a glucoside 3-dehydrogenase from Sphingobacterium faecium ZJF-D6, and used it to produce N-p-nitrophenyl-3-ketovalidamine.	Zhang JF, Chen WQ, Chen H	World J Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s11274-016-2187-0	2017
Phylogeny	Devosia submarina sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea surface sediments.	Romanenko LA, Tanaka N, Svetashev VI.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.046607-0	2013
Phylogeny	Paraglaciecola marina sp. nov., isolated from marine alga (Sargassum natans (L.) Gaillon).	Wang Y, Zhang Y, Liu T, Zhu X, Ma J, Su X, Kang J, Guo C	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.004132	2020
Phylogeny	Glaciecola agarilytica sp. nov., an agar-digesting marine bacterium from the East Sea, Korea.	Yong JJ, Park SJ, Kim HJ, Rhee SK	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.64723-0	2007
Phylogeny	Glaciecola polaris sp. nov., a novel budding and prosthecate bacterium from the Arctic Ocean, and emended description of the genus Glaciecola.	Van Trappen S, Tan TL, Yang J, Mergaert J, Swings J	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.63123-0	2004

References

#6448	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 16457
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#27568	IJSEM 1765 2004 ( DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.63123-0 , PubMed 15388742 )
#31245	Barberan A, Caceres Velazquez H, Jones S, Fierer N.: Hiding in Plain Sight: Mining Bacterial Species Records for Phenotypic Trait Information. mSphere 2: 2017 ( DOI 10.1128/mSphere.00237-17 , PubMed 28776041 ) - originally annotated from #27568
#36580	; Curators of the CIP;
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#121925	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 108324
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Paraglaciecola polaris (DSM 16457, CIP 108324, LMG 21857)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Pigmentation

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Halophily

Metabolite utilization

Metabolite production

Enzymes

API zym

API biotype100

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Taxonmaps

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_000315055

16S sequences

GC content

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

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