Clostridium sporogenes (DSM 1664, ATCC 19404, CIP 79.3)

Name: Clostridium sporogenes (DSM 1664, ATCC 19404, CIP 79.3)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 2712

Type strain

Strain Designation SR 5, SR5

Culture col. no. DSM 1664 ATCC 19404 CIP 79.3 NCIB 532 NCTC 532 10 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 1509

Special Collections DSMZ CIP JMRC

History DSMZ <- ATCC; ATCC 19404 <- NCTC; NCTC 532 <- M. Robertson; SR 5 CIP <- 1979, ATCC <- NCTC 532 <- 1920, M. Robertson, Lister Inst., London, UK: strain SR5

Links

Clostridium sporogenes SR 5 is an anaerobe, spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium that was isolated from gas gangrene.

spore-forming Gram-positive motile rod-shaped anaerobe genome sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 1974

LMG 10143,ATCC 19404,NCIB 532,NCTC 532,CCUG 18371,CCUG 7489,NCIMB 532,NCDO1710,CCM 4409,CIP 79.03,CIP 79.3,LMD 85.28,CECT 485,CCRC 11258,NCFB 1710,NCCB 85028,BCRC 11258,CCT 1448,NCAIM B.02002,NCAIM B.02007,NCIM 5125,ACM 5049,CNCTC 6194,CGMCC 1.2417,VTT E-96697,DSM 1664

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:25:32

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Clostridia

Order Eubacteriales

Family Clostridiaceae

Genus Clostridium

Species Clostridium sporogenes

Full scientific name Clostridium sporogenes (Metchnikoff 1908) Bergey et al. 1923 (Approved Lists 1980)

Synonyms (1)

"Bacillus sporogenes"

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Clostridium sporogenes** (25)	Type strain
2710	C. sporogenes McClung 2004, 388, DSM 795, ATCC 3584, IFO ... (type strain)
130932	C. sporogenes 2PG-426-CC-2, DSM 29422
2707	C. sporogenes W28delta, DSM 633
2708	C. sporogenes H6j, DSM 634
2709	C. sporogenes McClung 2003, 3679, Cameron's putrefactive ...
2711	C. sporogenes McClung 2006, 2006, DSM 1446, ATCC 11437, ...
2714	C. sporogenes DSM 46278, IMET 10860, SG 272
2715	C. sporogenes 15Rga, DSM 46279, IMET 10863
134401	C. sporogenes AU297, CIP 108177
136740	C. sporogenes GO 1, CIP 60.53
137136	C. sporogenes AU298, CIP 108178
138778	C. sporogenes 51, CIP 79.39
141391	C. sporogenes CCUG 1388
142431	C. sporogenes CCUG 12462
151851	C. sporogenes CCUG 45049
152722	C. sporogenes CCUG 47475
152930	C. sporogenes CCUG 48045
153019	C. sporogenes CCUG 48328
154094	C. sporogenes CCUG 52331
156952	C. sporogenes CCUG 67315
165625	C. sporogenes JCM 7831, ATCC 6015, IAM 19003, NCTC 6084
165628	C. sporogenes JCM 7835, IAM 19004
165629	C. sporogenes JCM 7836, IAM 19016
165634	C. sporogenes JCM 7841, IAM 19005
165635	C. sporogenes JCM 7849, IAM 19234

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Motility
123273	positive	rod-shaped

Colony morphology

123273

Hemolysis ability1

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
845	CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM WITH CARBOHYDRATES (DSMZ Medium 110)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM WITH CARBOHYDRATES (DSMZ Medium 110) Composition: Ground beef 500.0 g/l Casitone 30.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l K2HPO4 5.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l D-Glucose 4.0 g/l Starch 1.0 g/l Maltose 1.0 g/l Cellobiose 1.0 g/l L-Cysteine HCl 0.5 g/l Ethanol 0.19 g/l Vitamin K3 0.05 g/l Hemin 0.005 g/l Sodium resazurin 0.0005 g/l Vitamin K1 NaOH Distilled water
845	FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE BROTH (DSMZ Medium 1203a)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE BROTH (DSMZ Medium 1203a) Composition: Fastidious Anaerobe Basal Broth 35.4 g/l Distilled water
36205	MEDIUM 20 - for Anaerobic bacteria		Agar (15.000 g);Glucose (5.000 g);Yeast extract (20.000 g);Tryptone (30.000 g);Cysteine hydrochloride (0.500 g);distilled water (1000.000 ml);Hemin solution -M00149 (25.000 ml)
845	COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693) Composition: Defibrinated sheep blood 50.0 g/l Columbia agar base
123273	CIP Medium 20	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
845	positive	growth	37
36205	positive	growth	37
123273	positive	growth	37

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
845	anaerobe
123273	anaerobe
125439	facultative anaerobe	98.043

Spore formation

123273

Spore formationyes

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68380	29016 ChEBI	arginine	+	hydrolysis	from API rID32A
68367	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68380	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	-	fermentation	from API rID32A
68367	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
123273	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis
68367	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis	from API 20A
68367	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	+	hydrolysis	from API 20A
68367	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68380	29985 ChEBI	L-glutamate	-	degradation	from API rID32A
68367	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68380	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction	from API rID32A
123273	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
123273	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	+	reduction
68380	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	fermentation	from API rID32A
68367	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	17814 ChEBI	salicin	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	30911 ChEBI	sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
68380	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API rID32A
68367	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API 20A
68380	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API rID32A
68367	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API 20A

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite
68380	35581 ChEBI	indole	from API rID32A
123273	35581 ChEBI	indole
68367	35581 ChEBI	indole	from API 20A

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Indole test
68380	35581 ChEBI	indole	-	from API rID32A
68367	35581 ChEBI	indole	-	from API 20A

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	-	3.1.3.2	from API zym
68380	alanine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.2	from API rID32A
123273	alcohol dehydrogenase	+	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68380	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API rID32A
68380	alpha-arabinosidase	-	3.2.1.55	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68380	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68380	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
68380	arginine dihydrolase	+	3.5.3.6	from API rID32A
68382	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API zym
68380	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API rID32A
68380	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphate	-		from API rID32A
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68367	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API 20A
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
68380	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API rID32A
123273	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
68367	gelatinase	+		from API 20A
68380	glutamate decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.15	from API rID32A
68380	glutamyl-glutamate arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	glycin arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	histidine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	L-arginine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68380	leucine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API rID32A
68380	leucyl glycin arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API rID32A
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
123273	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68380	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API rID32A
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	-		from API zym
123273	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
123273	oxidase	-
68380	phenylalanine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	proline-arylamidase	+	3.4.11.5	from API rID32A
68380	serine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68382	trypsin	+	3.4.21.4	from API zym
68380	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1	from API rID32A
68380	tyrosine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
123273	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68380	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API rID32A
68367	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API 20A
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
123273	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-

API 20A

@ref	IND	URE	GLU	MAN	LAC	SAC	MAL	SAL	XYL	ARA	GEL	ESC	GLY	CEL	MNE	MLZ	RAF	SOR	RHA	TRE	CAT	Spores presentSPOR	GramGRAM	Morphology coccus="+" rod="-"COCC
845	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.

API rID32A

@ref	URE	ADH (Arg)	alpha GAL	beta GAL	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphatebeta GP	alpha GLU	beta GLU	alpha ARA	beta GUR	beta-N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidasebeta NAG	MNE	RAF	GDC	alpha FUC	Reduction of nitrateNIT	IND	PAL	L-arginine arylamidaseArgA	ProA	LGA	Phenylalanine arylamidasePheA	Leucine arylamidaseLeuA	PyrA	Tyrosine arylamidaseTyrA	Alanine arylamidaseAlaA	Glycin arylamidaseGlyA	Histidine arylamidaseHisA	Glutamyl-glutamate arylamidaseGGA	Serine arylamidaseSerA
845	-	+	-	-	-	+/-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
845	-	+	-	-	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2
#Infection	#Disease

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Isolation date
845	gas gangrene
123273	Gas gangrene	1920

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
845	2	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
123273	2	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	Clostridium sporogenes strain FDAARGOS_1470	complete		1509.232		1509	99.05
66792	Clostridium sporogenes strain FDAARGOS_1470	complete		1509.224		1509	99.05
66792	Clostridium sporogenes strain FDAARGOS_1470	complete		1509.215		1509	99.05
124043	ASM1993321v1 assembly for Clostridium sporogenes FDAARGOS_1470	chromosome	GCA_019933215	1509.207		1509	86.01
66792	ASM157385v1 assembly for Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 19404	contig	GCA_001573855	1509.40	2724679562	1509	67.99
66792	ASM1101947v1 assembly for Clostridium sporogenes NCTC 532	contig	GCA_011019475	1509.155		1509	59.46

GC content

845

GC-content (mol%)27.0

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Clostridium sporogenes strain FDAARGOS_1470
BV-BRC: 1509.215

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	facultative anaerobe	98.04	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	positive	68.04	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	68.49	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	72.15	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Clostridium sporogenes strain FDAARGOS_1470 strain Not applicable
PATRIC: 1509.207

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	63.23	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	yes	83.25	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	yes	71.33	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	92.67	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	93.62	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	80.28	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Impact of drugs and environmental contaminants on amine production by gut bacteria.	Kamrad S, Davis TF, Patil KR.	Mol Syst Biol	10.1038/s44320-025-00130-4	2025
Metabolism	Intestinal integrity and Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-degrading member of the intestinal microbiota present in infants, adults, and the elderly.	Collado MC, Derrien M, Isolauri E, de Vos WM, Salminen S.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01477-07	2007
	Cracking spoilage in jar cream cheese: Introducing, modeling and preventing.	Yolmeh M, Jafari SM.	Heliyon	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25259	2024
	Clostridium sporogenes-derived metabolites protect mice against colonic inflammation.	Krause FF, Mangold KI, Ruppert AL, Leister H, Hellhund-Zingel A, Lopez Krol A, Pesek J, Watzer B, Winterberg S, Raifer H, Binder K, Kinscherf R, Walker A, Nockher WA, Taudte RV, Bertrams W, Schmeck B, Kuhl AA, Siegmund B, Romero R, Luu M, Gottig S, Bekeredjian-Ding I, Steinhoff U, Schutz B, Visekruna A.	Gut Microbes	10.1080/19490976.2024.2412669	2024
	Hybrid Molecules of Azithromycin with Chloramphenicol and Metronidazole: Synthesis and Study of Antibacterial Properties.	Volynkina IA, Bychkova EN, Karakchieva AO, Tikhomirov AS, Zatonsky GV, Solovieva SE, Martynov MM, Grammatikova NE, Tereshchenkov AG, Paleskava A, Konevega AL, Sergiev PV, Dontsova OA, Osterman IA, Shchekotikhin AE, Tevyashova AN.	Pharmaceuticals (Basel)	10.3390/ph17020187	2024
	Machine learning-based detection of adventitious microbes in T-cell therapy cultures using long-read sequencing.	Strutt JPB, Natarajan M, Lee E, Teo DBL, Sin WX, Cheung KW, Chew M, Thazin K, Barone PW, Wolfrum JM, Williams RBH, Rice SA, Springs SL.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.01350-23	2023
	Qualitative Profiling, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Polar and Nonpolar Basil Extracts.	Vidakovic V, Vujic B, Jadranin M, Novakovic I, Trifunovic S, Tesevic V, Mandic B.	Foods	10.3390/foods13182993	2024
Pathogenicity	Berberine ameliorates chronic kidney disease through inhibiting the production of gut-derived uremic toxins in the gut microbiota.	Pan L, Yu H, Fu J, Hu J, Xu H, Zhang Z, Bu M, Yang X, Zhang H, Lu J, Jiang J, Wang Y.	Acta Pharm Sin B	10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.010	2023
	Biomedical Promise of Aspergillus Flavus-Biosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles: A Green Synthesis Approach to Antiviral, Anticancer, Anti-Biofilm, and Antibacterial Applications.	Mohammed EJ, Abdelaziz AEM, Mekky AE, Mahmoud NN, Sharaf M, Al-Habibi MM, Khairy NM, Al-Askar AA, Youssef FS, Gaber MA, Saied E, AbdElgayed G, Metwally SA, Shoun AA.	Pharmaceuticals (Basel)	10.3390/ph17070915	2024
	Development and Evaluation of Alternative Methods to Identify the Three Most Common Serotypes of Salmonella enterica Causing Clinical Infections in Kazakhstan.	Barmak SM, Sinyavskiy YA, Berdygaliev AB, Sharmanov TS, Savitskaya IS, Sultankulova GT, Zholdybayeva EV.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms9112319	2021
Phenotype	Evaluating the Potential Safety Risk of Plant-Based Meat Analogues by Analyzing Microbial Community Composition.	Hai D, Guo B, Qiao M, Jiang H, Song L, Meng Z, Huang X.	Foods	10.3390/foods13010117	2023
Enzymology	Raman spectra-based deep learning: A tool to identify microbial contamination.	Maruthamuthu MK, Raffiee AH, De Oliveira DM, Ardekani AM, Verma MS.	Microbiologyopen	10.1002/mbo3.1122	2020
	Microbiological Control of Cellular Products: The Relevance of the Cellular Matrix, Incubation Temperature, and Atmosphere for the Detection Performance of Automated Culture Systems.	Gunther SK, Geiss C, Kaiser SJ, Mutters NT, Gunther F.	Transfus Med Hemother	10.1159/000503397	2020
Metabolism	Berberine attenuates choline-induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide production via manipulating the gut microbiome.	Li X, Su C, Jiang Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Yang M, Zhang X, Du Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Jiang J, Hong B.	NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes	10.1038/s41522-021-00205-8	2021
	The ratio of nicotinic acid to nicotinamide as a microbial biomarker for assessing cell therapy product sterility.	Huang J, Cui L, Natarajan M, Barone PW, Wolfrum JM, Lee YH, Rice SA, Springs SL.	Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev	10.1016/j.omtm.2022.04.006	2022
	Genetic Characterization of the Exceptionally High Heat Resistance of the Non-toxic Surrogate Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679.	Butler RR, Schill KM, Wang Y, Pombert JF.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2017.00545	2017
	Increased sensitivity of microbiological testing of cornea organ culture medium by additional resin treatment.	Skenderi Z, Giurgola L, Gatto C, D'Amato Tothova J, Pruss A, Schroeter J.	BMJ Open Ophthalmol	10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000173	2018
	Quality of dorzolamide hydrochloride and timolol maleate containing eye drops distributed online.	Merczel S, Vida RG, Tasi T, Fittler A, Botz L.	Saudi Pharm J	10.1016/j.jsps.2023.04.018	2023
	Influence of Acid Adaptation on the Probability of Germination of Clostridium sporogenes Spores Against pH, NaCl and Time.	Valero A, Olague E, Medina-Pradas E, Garrido-Fernandez A, Romero-Gil V, Cantalejo MJ, Garcia-Gimeno RM, Perez-Rodriguez F, Posada-Izquierdo GD, Arroyo-Lopez FN.	Foods	10.3390/foods9020127	2020
Cultivation	Performance Survey and Comparison Between Rapid Sterility Testing Method and Pharmacopoeia Sterility Test.	Bugno A, Saes DPS, Almodovar AAB, Dua K, Awasthi R, Ghisleni DDM, Hirota MT, de Oliveira WA, de Jesus Andreoli Pinto T.	J Pharm Innov	10.1007/s12247-017-9303-z	2018
	Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Activity of Helichrysum plicatum DC. Various Extracts.	Vujic B, Vidakovic V, Jadranin M, Novakovic I, Trifunovic S, Tesevic V, Mandic B.	Plants (Basel)	10.3390/plants9030337	2020
	Assessment of the Quality of Injectable Antibiotics in Benin.	Dohou AM, Yemoa AL, Guidan DBA, Ahouandjinou SHS, Amoussa A, Dossou FM, Marini Djang'eing'a R, Dalleur O.	Am J Trop Med Hyg	10.4269/ajtmh.21-0844	2022
	Method for sterility testing of corneal storage and transport media after removal of interfering antimicrobials: prospective validation study in compliance with the European Pharmacopoeia.	Misto R, Giurgola L, Pateri F, Frigerio E, Limongelli A, D'Amato Tothova J.	BMJ Open Ophthalmol	10.1136/bmjophth-2017-000093	2017
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	Formulation and Stability of Ataluren Eye Drop Oily Solution for Aniridia.	Djayet C, Bremond-Gignac D, Touchard J, Secretan PH, Vidal F, Robert MP, Daruich A, Cisternino S, Schlatter J.	Pharmaceutics	10.3390/pharmaceutics13010007	2020
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Enzymology	Application of the BacT/ALERTR 3D system for sterility testing of injectable products.	Bugno A, Lira RS, Oliveira WA, Almodovar AA, Saes DP, Pinto Tde J.	Braz J Microbiol	10.1590/s1517-838246320140587	2015
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	Sterility Testing for Cellular Therapies: What Is the Role of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory?	Gebo JET, Lau AF.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01492-19	2020
	Formulation and characterization of EGCG for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer.	Dettlaff K, Stawny M, Ogrodowczyk M, Jelinska A, Bednarski W, Watrobska-Swietlikowska D, Keck RW, Khan OA, Mostafa IH, Jankun J.	Int J Mol Med	10.3892/ijmm.2017.3024	2017
Pathogenicity	Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Difluoromethyl Cinnamoyl Amides.	Martinez MD, Riva DA, Garcia C, Duran FJ, Burton G.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules25040789	2020
	Use of 27G needles improves sensitivity and performance of ATCC anaerobe reference microorganism detection in BacT/Alert system.	Pasqua S, Vitale G, Pasquariello A, Douradinha B, Tuzzolino F, Cardinale F, Cusimano C, Di Bartolo C, Conaldi PG, D'Apolito D.	Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev	10.1016/j.omtm.2021.01.010	2021
	Safety of Alternative Proteins: Technological, Environmental and Regulatory Aspects of Cultured Meat, Plant-Based Meat, Insect Protein and Single-Cell Protein.	Hadi J, Brightwell G.	Foods	10.3390/foods10061226	2021
	Comprehensive Evaluation of Compendial USP<71>, BacT/Alert Dual-T, and Bactec FX for Detection of Product Sterility Testing Contaminants.	England MR, Stock F, Gebo JET, Frank KM, Lau AF.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01548-18	2019
	Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of TNP-2198, a Dual-Targeted Rifamycin-Nitroimidazole Conjugate with Potent Activity against Microaerophilic and Anaerobic Bacterial Pathogens.	Ma Z, He S, Yuan Y, Zhuang Z, Liu Y, Wang H, Chen J, Xu X, Ding C, Molodtsov V, Lin W, Robertson GT, Weiss WJ, Pulse M, Nguyen P, Duncan L, Doyle T, Ebright RH, Lynch AS.	J Med Chem	10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02045	2022
	Evaluation of burn wound healing activity of novel fusidic acid loaded microemulsion based gel in male Wistar albino rats.	Okur ME, Ayla S, Yozgatli V, Aksu NB, Yoltas A, Orak D, Sipahi H, Ustundag Okur N.	Saudi Pharm J	10.1016/j.jsps.2020.01.015	2020
	Multiplex real-time PCR for detecting and typing Clostridium botulinum group III organisms and their mosaic variants.	Anniballi F, Auricchio B, Woudstra C, Fach P, Fiore A, Skarin H, Bano L, Segerman B, Knutsson R, De Medici D.	Biosecur Bioterror	10.1089/bsp.2012.0084	2013
	Development of a micromanipulation method for single cell isolation of prokaryotes and its application in food safety.	Hohnadel M, Maumy M, Chollet R.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0198208	2018
	An anaerobic bacterium host system for heterologous expression of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters.	Hao T, Xie Z, Wang M, Liu L, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Li P, Guo Z, Gao S, Lou C, Zhang G, Merritt J, Horsman GP, Chen Y.	Nat Commun	10.1038/s41467-019-11673-0	2019
	Hygienic safety of alcohol-based hand disinfectants and skin antiseptics.	Steinhauer K, Meyer B, Ostermeyer C, Rodger HJ, Hintzpeter M.	GMS Hyg Infect Control	10.3205/dgkh000219	2013
	Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies of Benzoxazoles Derived from Thymoquinone.	Glamoclija U, Padhye S, Spirtovic-Halilovic S, Osmanovic A, Veljovic E, Roca S, Novakovic I, Mandic B, Turel I, Kljun J, Trifunovic S, Kahrovic E, Kraljevic Pavelic S, Harej A, Klobucar M, Zavrsnik D.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules23123297	2018
Metabolism	Rapid confirmation of Clostridium perfringens by using chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates.	Adcock PW, Saint CP.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.67.9.4382-4384.2001	2001
Phylogeny	Enumeration and isolation of cpe-positive Clostridium perfringens spores from feces.	Heikinheimo A, Lindstrom M, Korkeala H.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.42.9.3992-3997.2004	2004
Metabolism	Bioconjugate of lysozyme and the antibacterial marine sesquiterpene quinone avarone and its derivatives.	Novakovic I, Andelkovic U, Zlatovic M, Gasic MJ, Sladic D.	Bioconjug Chem	10.1021/bc200330m	2012
Phylogeny	Differentiation of Clostridium botulinum serotype A strains by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis.	Macdonald TE, Helma CH, Ticknor LO, Jackson PJ, Okinaka RT, Smith LA, Smith TJ, Hill KK.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01539-07	2008
Phylogeny	Comparative genomic analyses reveal broad diversity in botulinum-toxin-producing Clostridia.	Williamson CH, Sahl JW, Smith TJ, Xie G, Foley BT, Smith LA, Fernandez RA, Lindstrom M, Korkeala H, Keim P, Foster J, Hill K.	BMC Genomics	10.1186/s12864-016-2502-z	2016
Metabolism	A practical approach for the validation of sterility, endotoxin and potency testing of bone marrow mononucleated cells used in cardiac regeneration in compliance with good manufacturing practice.	Soncin S, Lo Cicero V, Astori G, Soldati G, Gola M, Surder D, Moccetti T.	J Transl Med	10.1186/1479-5876-7-78	2009
Enzymology	Regulation of the arginine dihydrolase pathway in Clostridium sporogenes.	Venugopal V, Nadkarni GB.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.131.2.693-695.1977	1977
Enzymology	First case of type E wound botulism diagnosed using real-time PCR.	Artin I, Bjorkman P, Cronqvist J, Radstrom P, Holst E.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01192-07	2007
Pathogenicity	In vitro synergy studies with Clostridium difficile.	Bacon AE, McGrath S, Fekety R, Holloway WJ.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.35.3.582	1991
Phylogeny	Multiplex PCR assay for detection and identification of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F in food and fecal material.	Lindstrom M, Keto R, Markkula A, Nevas M, Hielm S, Korkeala H.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.67.12.5694-5699.2001	2001
Phylogeny	Development of a combined selection and enrichment PCR procedure for Clostridium botulinum Types B, E, and F and its use to determine prevalence in fecal samples from slaughtered pigs.	Dahlenborg M, Borch E, Radstrom P.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.67.10.4781-4788.2001	2001
	Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutics Agents: Quality and Environmental Regulatory Aspects.	Galvez-Martin P, Sabata R, Verges J, Zugaza JL, Ruiz A, Clares B.	Stem Cells Int	10.1155/2016/9783408	2016
	Evaluation of the AnaeroPack system for growth of clinically significant anaerobes.	Delaney ML, Onderdonk AB.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.35.3.558-562.1997	1997
Enzymology	Evaluation of the RapID-ANA system for identification of anaerobic bacteria of veterinary origin.	Adney WS, Jones RL.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.22.6.980-983.1985	1985
	Susceptibility of Clostridium sporogenes Spores to Selected Reference Substances and Disinfectants.	Chojecka A.	Pol J Microbiol	10.33073/pjm-2022-031	2022
	Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Alchornea laxiflora (Benth.) Pax. & Hoffman.	Akinpelu DA, Abioye EO, Aiyegoro OA, Akinpelu OF, Okoh AI.	Evid Based Complement Alternat Med	10.1155/2015/684839	2015
	Preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial properties of crude stem bark extracts and fractions of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.).	Abioye EO, Akinpelu DA, Aiyegoro OA, Adegboye MF, Oni MO, Okoh AI.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules18078485	2013
Pathogenicity	Probable mechanisms of biocidal action of Cocos nucifera Husk extract and fractions on bacteria isolates.	Akinpelu DA, Alayande KA, Aiyegoro OA, Akinpelu OF, Okoh AI.	BMC Complement Altern Med	10.1186/s12906-015-0634-3	2015
	Appraising the therapeutical potentials of Alchornea laxiflora (Benth.) Pax & K. Hoffm., an underexplored medicinal herb: A systematic review.	Jain NK, Tailang M, Kumar S, Chandrasekaran B, Alghazwani Y, Chandramoorthy HC, Kumar A, Deshpande H, Wal P, Balamurugan M, Chidambaram K.	Front Pharmacol	10.3389/fphar.2022.958453	2022
Enzymology	New rapid identification test for Clostridium difficile.	Aspinall ST, Dealler SF.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.45.11.956	1992
Phylogeny	Farm level survey of spore-forming bacteria on four dairy farms in the Waikato region of New Zealand.	Gupta TB, Brightwell G.	Microbiologyopen	10.1002/mbo3.457	2017
Cultivation	Value of the K+ salt of carageenan as an agar substitute in routine bacteriological media.	Lines AD.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.34.6.637-639.1977	1977
Enzymology	Genomic sequence of bacteriophage ATCC 8074-B1 and activity of its endolysin and engineered variants against Clostridium sporogenes.	Mayer MJ, Gasson MJ, Narbad A.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.07884-11	2012
	Exploring Propolis as a Sustainable Bio-Preservative Agent to Control Foodborne Pathogens in Vacuum-Packed Cooked Ham.	Rendueles E, Mauriz E, Sanz-Gomez J, Gonzalez-Paramas AM, Adanero-Jorge F, Garcia-Fernandez C.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms12050914	2024
Genetics	Safety Evaluation of a Novel Strain of Bacteroides fragilis.	Wang Y, Deng H, Li Z, Tan Y, Han Y, Wang X, Du Z, Liu Y, Yang R, Bai Y, Bi Y, Zhi F.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2017.00435	2017
Enzymology	Characteristics and viral propagation properties of a new human diploid cell line, Walvax-2, and its suitability as a candidate cell substrate for vaccine production.	Ma B, He LF, Zhang YL, Chen M, Wang LL, Yang HW, Yan T, Sun MX, Zheng CY.	Hum Vaccin Immunother	10.1080/21645515.2015.1009811	2015
Enzymology	Feathery outbrusts of the colonies of Clostridium sporogenes containing chain forming mutants after ultraviolet irradiation.	Shaikh MR, Lominski I	Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A		1975
Pathogenicity	Induction of chain formation in Clostridium sporogenes by suramin.	Rafi Shaikh M, Lominski I	Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A		1975

References

#845	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 1664
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20216	Curators of the JMRC: Jena Microbial Resource Collection (JMRC):
#36205	; Curators of the CIP;
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#68367	Automatically annotated from API 20A .
#68380	Automatically annotated from API rID32A .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#123273	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 79.3
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Clostridium sporogenes (DSM 1664, ATCC 19404, CIP 79.3)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Metabolite utilization

Metabolite production

Metabolite tests

Enzymes

API zym

API 20A

API rID32A

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_019933215

GC content

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

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@ref	URE	ADH (Arg)	alpha GAL	beta GAL	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphatebeta GP	alpha GLU	beta GLU	alpha ARA	beta GUR	beta-N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidasebeta NAG	MNE	RAF	GDC	alpha FUC	Reduction of nitrateNIT	IND	PAL	L-arginine arylamidaseArgA	ProA	LGA	Phenylalanine arylamidasePheA	Leucine arylamidaseLeuA	PyrA	Tyrosine arylamidaseTyrA	Alanine arylamidaseAlaA	Glycin arylamidaseGlyA	Histidine arylamidaseHisA	Glutamyl-glutamate arylamidaseGGA	Serine arylamidaseSerA
845	-	+	-	-	-	+/-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
845	-	+	-	-	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

@ref	URE	ADH (Arg)	alpha GAL	beta GAL	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphatebeta GP	alpha GLU	beta GLU	alpha ARA	beta GUR	beta-N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidasebeta NAG	MNE	RAF	GDC	alpha FUC	Reduction of nitrateNIT	IND	PAL	L-arginine arylamidaseArgA	ProA	LGA	Phenylalanine arylamidasePheA	Leucine arylamidaseLeuA	PyrA	Tyrosine arylamidaseTyrA	Alanine arylamidaseAlaA	Glycin arylamidaseGlyA	Histidine arylamidaseHisA	Glutamyl-glutamate arylamidaseGGA	Serine arylamidaseSerA
845	-	+	-	-	-	+/-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
845	-	+	-	-	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

@ref	URE	ADH (Arg)	alpha GAL	beta GAL	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphatebeta GP	alpha GLU	beta GLU	alpha ARA	beta GUR	beta-N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidasebeta NAG	MNE	RAF	GDC	alpha FUC	Reduction of nitrateNIT	IND	PAL	L-arginine arylamidaseArgA	ProA	LGA	Phenylalanine arylamidasePheA	Leucine arylamidaseLeuA	PyrA	Tyrosine arylamidaseTyrA	Alanine arylamidaseAlaA	Glycin arylamidaseGlyA	Histidine arylamidaseHisA	Glutamyl-glutamate arylamidaseGGA	Serine arylamidaseSerA
845	-	+	-	-	-	+/-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
845	-	+	-	-	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-