Clostridium sporogenes (DSM 1446, ATCC 11437, KCTC 15509)

Name: Clostridium sporogenes (DSM 1446, ATCC 11437, KCTC 15509)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 2711

Type strain

Strain Designation McClung 2006, 2006

Culture col. no. DSM 1446 ATCC 11437 KCTC 15509 McClung 2006 CCUG 31316 8 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 1509

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM KCTC CIP

History <- ATCC <- H.D. Vera (heat-resistant strain) CIP 100651 <-- ATCC 11437 <-- H. D. Vera, Heat resistant strain <-- L. S. McClung 2006. CIP <- 1983, ATCC <- H.D. Vera, Heat resistant strain <- L.S. McClung: strain 2006

Links

Clostridium sporogenes McClung 2006 is an anaerobe, spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium that was isolated from cotton.

spore-forming Gram-positive motile rod-shaped anaerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 280309

LMG 10264,ATCC 11437,NCIB 12343,CCUG 31316,NCIB 8245,CIP 100651,JCM 11010,NCIMB 12343,IFO 14293,NBIMCC 3542,CECT 797,CCRC 13856,NCAIM B.01416,NBRC 14293,BCRC 13856,NCIM 5113,CDBB 1106,ACM 5048,DSM 1446

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-02-09 11:18:20

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Clostridia

Order Eubacteriales

Family Clostridiaceae

Genus Clostridium

Species Clostridium sporogenes

Full scientific name Clostridium sporogenes (Metchnikoff 1908) Bergey et al. 1923 (Approved Lists 1980)

Synonyms (1)

"Bacillus sporogenes"

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Clostridium sporogenes** (26)	Type strain
2710	C. sporogenes McClung 2004, 388, DSM 795, ATCC 3584, IFO ... (type strain)
130932	C. sporogenes 2PG-426-CC-2, DSM 29422
2707	C. sporogenes W28delta, DSM 633
2708	C. sporogenes H6j, DSM 634
2709	C. sporogenes McClung 2003, 3679, Cameron's putrefactive ...
2712	C. sporogenes SR 5, SR5, DSM 1664, ATCC 19404, CIP 79.3, ...
2714	C. sporogenes DSM 46278, IMET 10860, SG 272
2715	C. sporogenes 15Rga, DSM 46279, IMET 10863
100269	C. sporogenes ST033277(HKI),
134401	C. sporogenes AU297, CIP 108177
136740	C. sporogenes GO 1, CIP 60.53
137136	C. sporogenes AU298, CIP 108178
138778	C. sporogenes 51, CIP 79.39
141391	C. sporogenes CCUG 1388
142431	C. sporogenes CCUG 12462
151851	C. sporogenes CCUG 45049
152722	C. sporogenes CCUG 47475
152930	C. sporogenes CCUG 48045
153019	C. sporogenes CCUG 48328
154094	C. sporogenes CCUG 52331
156952	C. sporogenes CCUG 67315
165625	C. sporogenes JCM 7831, ATCC 6015, IAM 19003, NCTC 6084
165628	C. sporogenes JCM 7835, IAM 19004
165629	C. sporogenes JCM 7836, IAM 19016
165634	C. sporogenes JCM 7841, IAM 19005
165635	C. sporogenes JCM 7849, IAM 19234

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Motility
123272	positive	rod-shaped

Colony morphology

123272

Hemolysis ability1

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
768	COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693) Composition: Defibrinated sheep blood 50.0 g/l Columbia agar base
768	CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78) Composition: Ground beef 500.0 g/l Casitone 30.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Ethanol 9.5 g/l (optional) K2HPO4 5.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l L-Cysteine HCl 0.5 g/l Haemin 0.005 g/l (optional) Resazurin 0.001 g/l Vitamin K3 0.0005 g/l (optional) Vitamin K1 (optional) NaOH (optional) Distilled water
38762	MEDIUM 20 - for Anaerobic bacteria		Agar (15.000 g);Glucose (5.000 g);Yeast extract (20.000 g);Tryptone (30.000 g);Cysteine hydrochloride (0.500 g);distilled water (1000.000 ml);Hemin solution -M00149 (25.000 ml)
123272	CIP Medium 20	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
768	positive	growth	37
38762	positive	growth	37
50517	positive	growth	37
67770	positive	growth	37

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
768	anaerobe
50517	anaerobe
123272	anaerobe
125439	anaerobe	99.8

Spore formation

123272

Spore formationyes

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68380	29016 ChEBI	arginine	+	hydrolysis	from API rID32A
68367	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68380	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	-	fermentation	from API rID32A
68367	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
123272	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis
68367	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis	from API 20A
68367	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	+	hydrolysis	from API 20A
68367	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68380	29985 ChEBI	L-glutamate	-	degradation	from API rID32A
68367	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
123272	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction
123272	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	respiration
68380	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction	from API rID32A
123272	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68380	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	fermentation	from API rID32A
68367	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	17814 ChEBI	salicin	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	30911 ChEBI	sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
68380	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API rID32A
68367	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API 20A
68380	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API rID32A
68367	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API 20A

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite
68380	35581 ChEBI	indole	from API rID32A
123272	35581 ChEBI	indole
68367	35581 ChEBI	indole	from API 20A

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Indole test
68380	35581 ChEBI	indole	-	from API rID32A
68367	35581 ChEBI	indole	-	from API 20A

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68380	alanine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.2	from API rID32A
68382	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68380	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API rID32A
68380	alpha-arabinosidase	-	3.2.1.55	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68380	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68380	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API rID32A
68380	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
123272	amylase	-
68380	arginine dihydrolase	+	3.5.3.6	from API rID32A
123272	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23
68380	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API rID32A
68380	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphate	-		from API rID32A
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68380	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API rID32A
68367	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API 20A
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
68380	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API rID32A
123272	caseinase	+	3.4.21.50
123272	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
123272	DNase	-
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
123272	gelatinase	+
68367	gelatinase	+		from API 20A
68380	glutamate decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.15	from API rID32A
68380	glutamyl-glutamate arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	glycin arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	histidine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	L-arginine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
123272	lecithinase	+
68380	leucine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API rID32A
68380	leucyl glycin arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API rID32A
123272	lipase	+
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68380	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API rID32A
123272	oxidase	-
68380	phenylalanine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	proline-arylamidase	-	3.4.11.5	from API rID32A
123272	protease	+
68380	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	+	3.4.19.3	from API rID32A
68380	serine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1	from API rID32A
123272	tween esterase	-
68380	tyrosine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
123272	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68380	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API rID32A
68367	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API 20A
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
50517	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
123272	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-

API 20A

@ref	IND	URE	GLU	MAN	LAC	SAC	MAL	SAL	XYL	ARA	GEL	ESC	GLY	CEL	MNE	MLZ	RAF	SOR	RHA	TRE	CAT	Spores presentSPOR	GramGRAM	Morphology coccus="+" rod="-"COCC
768	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.

API rID32A

@ref	URE	ADH (Arg)	alpha GAL	beta GAL	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphatebeta GP	alpha GLU	beta GLU	alpha ARA	beta GUR	beta-N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidasebeta NAG	MNE	RAF	GDC	alpha FUC	Reduction of nitrateNIT	IND	PAL	L-arginine arylamidaseArgA	ProA	LGA	Phenylalanine arylamidasePheA	Leucine arylamidaseLeuA	PyrA	Tyrosine arylamidaseTyrA	Alanine arylamidaseAlaA	Glycin arylamidaseGlyA	Histidine arylamidaseHisA	Glutamyl-glutamate arylamidaseGGA	Serine arylamidaseSerA
50517	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-

API biotype100

@ref	ControlQ	D-glucose as carbon sourceGLU	D-fructose as carbon sourceFRU	D-galactose as carbon sourceGAL	D-trehalose as carbon sourceTRE	D-mannose as carbon sourceMNE	L-sorbose as carbon sourceSBE	D-melibiose as carbon sourceMEL	sucrose as carbon sourceSAC	D-raffinose as carbon sourceRAF	maltotriose as carbon sourceMTE	maltose as carbon sourceMAL	lactose as carbon sourceLAC	lactulose as carbon sourceLTE	1-O-methyl-beta-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGa	1-O-methyl-alpha-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMaGa	D-cellobiose as carbon sourceCEL	gentiobiose as carbon sourceGEN	1-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGu	esculin as carbon sourceESC	D-ribose as carbon sourceRIB	L-arabinose as carbon sourceARA	D-xylose as carbon sourceXYL	palatinose as carbon sourcePLE	L-rhamnose as carbon sourceRHA	L-fucose as carbon sourceFUC	D-melezitose as carbon sourceMLZ	D-arabitol as carbon sourceDARL	L-arabitol as carbon sourceLARL	xylitol as carbon sourceXLT	dulcitol as carbon sourceDUL	D-tagatose as carbon sourceTAG	glycerol as carbon sourceGLY	myo-inositol as carbon sourceINO	D-mannitol as carbon sourceMAN	maltitol as carbon sourceMTL	D-turanose as carbon sourceTUR	D-sorbitol as carbon sourceSOR	adonitol as carbon sourceADO	hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide as carbon sourceHBG	D-lyxose as carbon sourceLYX	i-erythritol as carbon sourceERY	1-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucoside as carbon sourceMDG	3-O-methyl-D-glucose as carbon source3MDG	D-saccharate as carbon sourceSAT	mucate as carbon sourceMUC	L-tartrate as carbon sourceLTAT	D-tartrate as carbon sourceDTAT	meso-tartrate as carbon sourceMTAT	D-malate as carbon sourceDMLT	L-malate as carbon sourceLMLT	cis-aconitate as carbon sourceCATE	trans-aconitate as carbon sourceTATE	tricarballylate as carbon sourceTTE	citrate as carbon sourceCIT	D-glucuronate as carbon sourceGRT	D-galacturonate as carbon sourceGAT	2-ketogluconate as carbon source2KG	5-ketogluconate as carbon source5KG	tryptophan as carbon sourceTRY	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as carbon sourceNAG	D-gluconate as carbon sourceGNT	phenylacetate as carbon sourcePAC	protocatechuate as carbon sourcePAT	4-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcepOBE	quinate as carbon sourceQAT	gentisate as carbon sourceGTE	3-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcemOBE	benzoate as carbon sourceBAT	3-phenylpropionate as carbon sourcePPAT	m-coumarate as carbon sourceCMT	trigonelline as carbon sourceTGE	betaine as carbon sourceBET	putrescine as carbon sourcePCE	4-aminobutyrate as carbon sourceABT	histamine as carbon sourceHIN	DL-lactate as carbon sourceLAT	caprate as carbon sourceCAP	caprylate as carbon sourceCYT	L-histidine as carbon sourceHIS	succinate as carbon sourceSUC	fumarate as carbon sourceFUM	glutarate as carbon sourceGRE	DL-glycerate as carbon sourceGYT	5-aminovalerate as carbon sourceAVT	ethanolamine as carbon sourceETN	tryptamine as carbon sourceTTN	D-glucosamine as carbon sourceGLN	itaconate as carbon sourceITA	3-hydroxybutyrate as carbon source3OBU	L-aspartate as carbon sourceAPT	L-glutamate as carbon sourceGTT	L-proline as carbon sourcePRO	D-alanine as carbon sourceDALA	L-alanine as carbon sourceLALA	L-serine as carbon sourceSER	malonate as carbon sourceMNT	propionate as carbon sourcePROP	L-tyrosine as carbon sourceTYR	2-ketoglutarate as carbon source2KT
123272	not determinedn.d.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Host	#Plants	#Shrub (Scrub)
#Engineered	#Industrial	#Engineered product
#Host Body Product	#Plant	#Cotton (other fibres)

Isolation

@ref	Sample type
768	cotton
50517	Cotton
123272	Environment, Cotton

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence LC037227 (>99% sequence identity) for Clostridium from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	3962
Soil Samples	4923
Animal Samples	31978
Plant Samples	1109
Total Samples	41972

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
768	2	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
123272	2	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	Clostridium sporogenes strain FDAARGOS_1491	complete		1509.233	1509	99.05
66792	Clostridium sporogenes strain FDAARGOS_1491	complete		1509.216	1509	99.05
66792	Clostridium sporogenes strain FDAARGOS_1491	complete		1509.225	1509	99.05
124043	ASM2009929v1 assembly for Clostridium sporogenes FDAARGOS_1491	complete	GCA_020099295	1509.208	1509	96.53

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
67770	Clostridium sporogenes gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 11010	LC037227	1464		1509
124043	Clostridium sporogenes strain CMCC(B)64941 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	MK341728	1340		1509

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Clostridium sporogenes strain FDAARGOS_1491
PATRIC: 1509.208

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	76.40	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	78.90	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	positive	82.30	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	anaerobe	99.80	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Clostridium sporogenes strain FDAARGOS_1491 strain Not applicable
PATRIC: 1509.208

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	63.34	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	yes	84.25	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	yes	72.97	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	91.08	yes
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	94.12	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	80.28	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Pathogen Inactivating Properties and Increased Sensitivity in Molecular Diagnostics by PAXgene, a Novel Non-Crosslinking Tissue Fixative.	Loibner M, Buzina W, Viertler C, Groelz D, Hausleitner A, Siaulyte G, Kufferath I, Kolli B, Zatloukal K.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0151383	2016
	Time-Dependent Heat Transfer Coefficients of Standard Cans during Pasteurization.	Albattah Alhusni H, Krishnan S.	ACS Omega	10.1021/acsomega.5c07256	2025
	Assessment of Thermal Resistance of Hot Water in Pasteurization.	Alhusni HA, Ramamurthy T, Krishnan S.	ACS Omega	10.1021/acsomega.4c08394	2024
Enzymology	In vivo evaluation of Clostridioides difficile enoyl-ACP reductase II (FabK) inhibition by phenylimidazole unveils a promising narrow-spectrum antimicrobial strategy.	Dureja C, Rutherford JT, Pavel FB, Norseeda K, Prah I, Sun D, Hevener KE, Hurdle JG.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.01222-23	2024
	Antibacterial and Antimycotic Activity of Epilobium angustifolium L. Extracts: A Review.	Dreger M, Adamczak A, Foksowicz-Flaczyk J.	Pharmaceuticals (Basel)	10.3390/ph16101419	2023
	High-pressure destruction kinetics of Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 11437 spores in milk at elevated quasi-isothermal conditions	Ramaswamy HS, Shao Y, Zhu S.	Journal of food engineering.	10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.07.019	2010
	Microbial challenge test of a novel epoprostenol sodium formulation.	Bandilla D, Goverde M, Giudici P, Lambert O.	Drug Des Devel Ther	10.2147/dddt.s140033	2017
	Reduction of Nitrite in Canned Pork through the Application of Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.) Leaves Extract.	Wojciak KM, Ferysiuk K, Keska P, Materska M, Chilczuk B, Trzaskowska M, Kruk M, Kolozyn-Krajewska D, Dominguez R.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules28041749	2023
	Evaluation of ethylene oxide, gamma radiation, dry heat and autoclave sterilization processes on extracellular matrix of biomaterial dental scaffolds.	de Sousa Iwamoto LA, Duailibi MT, Iwamoto GY, de Oliveira DC, Duailibi SE.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-022-08258-1	2022
	Development of a novel polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) assay for rapid and visual detection of Clostridium perfringens in meat.	Milton AAP, Momin KM, Ghatak S, Priya GB, Angappan M, Das S, Puro K, Sanjukta RK, Shakuntala I, Sen A, Kandpal BK.	Heliyon	10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05941	2021
	Safety evaluation and consideration of 4 Pin Multi-needle for meso-therapy.	Kim JT, Choi A, Jeong JH, Jo JH, Ryu OS, Kim EJ, Kim KY, Song MH, Song YH, Shin WS, Lee SS.	Technol Health Care	10.3233/thc-174624	2018
	Dietary Fiber-Induced Microbial Short Chain Fatty Acids Suppress ILC2-Dependent Airway Inflammation.	Lewis G, Wang B, Shafiei Jahani P, Hurrell BP, Banie H, Aleman Muench GR, Maazi H, Helou DG, Howard E, Galle-Treger L, Lo R, Santosh S, Baltus A, Bongers G, San-Mateo L, Gilliland FD, Rehan VK, Soroosh P, Akbari O.	Front Immunol	10.3389/fimmu.2019.02051	2019
Pathogenicity	Synergistic effects of high hydrostatic pressure, mild heating, and amino acids on germination and inactivation of Clostridium sporogenes spores.	Ishimori T, Takahashi K, Goto M, Nakagawa S, Kasai Y, Konagaya Y, Batori H, Kobayashi A, Urakami H.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02007-12	2012
Phylogeny	Sources of clostridia in raw milk on farms.	Julien MC, Dion P, Lafreniere C, Antoun H, Drouin P.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00913-08	2008
	Standard requirement of a microbiological quality control program for the manufacture of human mesenchymal stem cells for clinical use.	Galvez P, Clares B, Bermejo M, Hmadcha A, Soria B.	Stem Cells Dev	10.1089/scd.2013.0625	2014
Enzymology	Sensitive and selective culture medium for detection of environmental Clostridium difficile isolates without requirement for anaerobic culture conditions.	Cadnum JL, Hurless KN, Deshpande A, Nerandzic MM, Kundrapu S, Donskey CJ.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.00793-14	2014
Phylogeny	A study on the characterization of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from ocular clinical specimens.	Sowmiya M, Malathi J, Swarnali S, Priya JP, Therese KL, Madhavan HN.	Indian J Med Res	10.4103/0971-5916.169209	2015
	No evidence of viral transmission following long-term implantation of agarose encapsulated porcine islets in diabetic dogs.	Gazda LS, Vinerean HV, Laramore MA, Hall RD, Carraway JW, Smith BH.	J Diabetes Res	10.1155/2014/727483	2014
Biotechnology	Multiplex PCR for detection of botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia in clinical, food, and environmental samples.	De Medici D, Anniballi F, Wyatt GM, Lindstrom M, Messelhausser U, Aldus CF, Delibato E, Korkeala H, Peck MW, Fenicia L.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00805-09	2009
Cultivation	Comparison of real-time PCR for detection of the tcdC gene with four toxin immunoassays and culture in diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection.	Sloan LM, Duresko BJ, Gustafson DR, Rosenblatt JE.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.00032-08	2008
Enzymology	First case of type E wound botulism diagnosed using real-time PCR.	Artin I, Bjorkman P, Cronqvist J, Radstrom P, Holst E.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01192-07	2007
Enzymology	SYBR green real-time PCR method to detect Clostridium botulinum type A.	Fenicia L, Anniballi F, De Medici D, Delibato E, Aureli P.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02234-06	2007
	SULFONAMIDE RESISTANCE OF CLOSTRIDIUM SPOROGENES.	NEIKIRK RL, KRIEG NR.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.87.6.1526-1527.1964	1964
Phylogeny	Development of a combined selection and enrichment PCR procedure for Clostridium botulinum Types B, E, and F and its use to determine prevalence in fecal samples from slaughtered pigs.	Dahlenborg M, Borch E, Radstrom P.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.67.10.4781-4788.2001	2001
	Development of a universal diluting fluid for membrane filtration sterility testing.	Proud DW, Sutton SV.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.58.3.1035-1038.1992	1992
	Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutics Agents: Quality and Environmental Regulatory Aspects.	Galvez-Martin P, Sabata R, Verges J, Zugaza JL, Ruiz A, Clares B.	Stem Cells Int	10.1155/2016/9783408	2016
Enzymology	Bioluminescence for USP sterility testing of pharmaceutical suspension products.	Bussey DM, Tsuji K.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.51.2.349-355.1986	1986
Enzymology	Genomic sequence of bacteriophage ATCC 8074-B1 and activity of its endolysin and engineered variants against Clostridium sporogenes.	Mayer MJ, Gasson MJ, Narbad A.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.07884-11	2012
	SpoIVA is an essential morphogenetic protein for the formation of heat- and lysozyme-resistant spores in Clostridium sporogenes NBRC 14293.	Kuwana R, Dupuy B, Martin-Verstraete I, Takamatsu H.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2024.1338751	2024
Genetics	Safety Evaluation of a Novel Strain of Bacteroides fragilis.	Wang Y, Deng H, Li Z, Tan Y, Han Y, Wang X, Du Z, Liu Y, Yang R, Bai Y, Bi Y, Zhi F.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2017.00435	2017
Enzymology	Characteristics and viral propagation properties of a new human diploid cell line, Walvax-2, and its suitability as a candidate cell substrate for vaccine production.	Ma B, He LF, Zhang YL, Chen M, Wang LL, Yang HW, Yan T, Sun MX, Zheng CY.	Hum Vaccin Immunother	10.1080/21645515.2015.1009811	2015
	Efficacy of olive leaf extract (Olea europaea L. cv Gentile di Larino) in marinated anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus, L.) process.	Testa B, Lombardi SJ, Macciola E, Succi M, Tremonte P, Iorizzo M	Heliyon	10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01727	2019
Pathogenicity	Combined effects of heat, nisin and acidification on the inactivation of Clostridium sporogenes spores in carrot-alginate particles: from kinetics to process validation.	Naim F, Zareifard MR, Zhu S, Huizing RH, Grabowski S, Marcotte M	Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.fm.2008.06.005	2008

References

#768	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 1446
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#38762	; Curators of the CIP;
#50517	Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) ; Curators of the CCUG; CCUG 31316
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68367	Automatically annotated from API 20A .
#68380	Automatically annotated from API rID32A .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#123272	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 100651
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Clostridium sporogenes (DSM 1446, ATCC 11437, KCTC 15509)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Metabolite utilization

Metabolite production

Metabolite tests

Enzymes

API zym

API 20A

API rID32A

API biotype100

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

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Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_020099295

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