Clostridium sporogenes (DSM 767, ATCC 7955, McClung 2003)

Name: Clostridium sporogenes (DSM 767, ATCC 7955, McClung 2003)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 2709

Type strain

Strain Designation McClung 2003, 3679, Cameron's putrefactive anaerobe

Culture col. no. DSM 767 ATCC 7955 McClung 2003 NCA 3679 NCIB 8053 11 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 1509

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM CIP

History <- ATCC; ATCC 7955 <- National Canner's Association (NCA), Washington, D.C., USA; NCA 3679 IAM 19235 <-- S. Sugama <-- ATU <-- Natl. Canner's Assoc., Washington, NCA 3679. CIP <- 1995, ATCC <- NCA (Cameron's Putrefactive Anaerobe): strain 3679

Links

Clostridium sporogenes McClung 2003 is an anaerobe, mesophilic, Gram-positive prokaryote of the family Clostridiaceae.

Gram-positive motile rod-shaped anaerobe mesophilic genome sequence 16S sequence

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 265696

ATCC 7955,IFO 16411,NCIB 8053,NCTC 8594,CCUG 24143,CIP 104607,JCM 7850,IAM 19235,NCIMB 8053,NCIMB8243,IFO 16357,CECT 553,CCRC 10943,IFO 14292,NBRC 16411,BCRC 10943,NCIM 2559,NCIM 2560,NCIB 8243,NRRL B-1219,DSM 767

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2025-12-16 09:47:22

Domain Bacillati

Phylum Bacillota

Class Clostridia

Order Eubacteriales

Family Clostridiaceae

Genus Clostridium

Species Clostridium sporogenes

Full scientific name Clostridium sporogenes (Metchnikoff 1908) Bergey et al. 1923 (Approved Lists 1980)

Synonyms (1)

"Bacillus sporogenes"

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Clostridium sporogenes** (26)	Type strain
2710	C. sporogenes McClung 2004, 388, DSM 795, ATCC 3584, IFO ... (type strain)
130932	C. sporogenes 2PG-426-CC-2, DSM 29422
2707	C. sporogenes W28delta, DSM 633
2708	C. sporogenes H6j, DSM 634
2711	C. sporogenes McClung 2006, 2006, DSM 1446, ATCC 11437, ...
2712	C. sporogenes SR 5, SR5, DSM 1664, ATCC 19404, CIP 79.3, ...
2714	C. sporogenes DSM 46278, IMET 10860, SG 272
2715	C. sporogenes 15Rga, DSM 46279, IMET 10863
100269	C. sporogenes ST033277(HKI),
134401	C. sporogenes AU297, CIP 108177
136740	C. sporogenes GO 1, CIP 60.53
137136	C. sporogenes AU298, CIP 108178
138778	C. sporogenes 51, CIP 79.39
141391	C. sporogenes CCUG 1388
142431	C. sporogenes CCUG 12462
151851	C. sporogenes CCUG 45049
152722	C. sporogenes CCUG 47475
152930	C. sporogenes CCUG 48045
153019	C. sporogenes CCUG 48328
154094	C. sporogenes CCUG 52331
156952	C. sporogenes CCUG 67315
165625	C. sporogenes JCM 7831, ATCC 6015, IAM 19003, NCTC 6084
165628	C. sporogenes JCM 7835, IAM 19004
165629	C. sporogenes JCM 7836, IAM 19016
165634	C. sporogenes JCM 7841, IAM 19005
165635	C. sporogenes JCM 7849, IAM 19234

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Motility
123270	positive	rod-shaped

Colony morphology

123270

Hemolysis ability1

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
437	CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78) Composition: Ground beef 500.0 g/l Casitone 30.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Ethanol 9.5 g/l (optional) K2HPO4 5.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l L-Cysteine HCl 0.5 g/l Haemin 0.005 g/l (optional) Resazurin 0.001 g/l Vitamin K3 0.0005 g/l (optional) Vitamin K1 (optional) NaOH (optional) Distilled water
37182	MEDIUM 20 - for Anaerobic bacteria		Agar (15.000 g);Glucose (5.000 g);Yeast extract (20.000 g);Tryptone (30.000 g);Cysteine hydrochloride (0.500 g);distilled water (1000.000 ml);Hemin solution -M00149 (25.000 ml)
437	FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE BROTH (DSMZ Medium 1203a)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE BROTH (DSMZ Medium 1203a) Composition: Fastidious Anaerobe Basal Broth 35.4 g/l Distilled water
437	COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693) Composition: Defibrinated sheep blood 50.0 g/l Columbia agar base
123270	CIP Medium 20	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)	Range
437	positive	growth	37	mesophilic
37182	positive	growth	37	mesophilic
67770	positive	growth	37	mesophilic
123270	positive	growth	37	mesophilic

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
437	anaerobe
125439	anaerobe	98.3

Compound production

@ref	Compound
437	ornithine cyclase
437	proline dehydrogenase

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68371	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68380	29016 ChEBI	arginine	+	hydrolysis	from API rID32A
68371	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	12936 ChEBI	D-galactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68380	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	-	fermentation	from API rID32A
68371	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17924 ChEBI	D-sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
123270	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis
68371	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28066 ChEBI	gentiobiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	24265 ChEBI	gluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68380	29985 ChEBI	L-glutamate	-	degradation	from API rID32A
68371	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17306 ChEBI	maltose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	59640 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68380	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction	from API rID32A
123270	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction
123270	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68371		Potassium 2-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371		Potassium 5-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68380	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	fermentation	from API rID32A
68371	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17814 ChEBI	salicin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
123270	132112 ChEBI	sodium thiosulfate	+	builds gas from
68371	28017 ChEBI	starch	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68380	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API rID32A
68371	32528 ChEBI	turanose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68380	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API rID32A
68371	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
68380	35581 ChEBI	indole		from API rID32A
123270	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Indole test
68380	35581 ChEBI	indole	-	from API rID32A

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	-	3.1.3.2	from API zym
68380	alanine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.2	from API rID32A
123270	alcohol dehydrogenase	+	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68380	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API rID32A
68380	alpha-arabinosidase	-	3.2.1.55	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68380	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68380	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
123270	amylase	-
68380	arginine dihydrolase	+	3.5.3.6	from API rID32A
68382	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API zym
68380	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API rID32A
68380	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphate	-		from API rID32A
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
68380	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API rID32A
123270	caseinase	+	3.4.21.50
123270	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
123270	DNase	-
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
123270	gelatinase	+
68380	glutamate decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.15	from API rID32A
68380	glutamyl-glutamate arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	glycin arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	histidine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	L-arginine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
123270	lecithinase	+
68382	leucine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68380	leucine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API rID32A
68380	leucyl glycin arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API rID32A
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
123270	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68380	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API rID32A
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	-		from API zym
123270	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
68380	phenylalanine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	proline-arylamidase	+	3.4.11.5	from API rID32A
68380	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	+	3.4.19.3	from API rID32A
68380	serine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68382	trypsin	+	3.4.21.4	from API zym
68380	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1	from API rID32A
123270	tween esterase	-
68380	tyrosine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
123270	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68380	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API rID32A
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
123270	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-

API 50CHac

@ref	ControlQ	GLY	ERY	DARA	LARA	RIB	DXYL	LXYL	ADO	MDX	GAL	GLU	FRU	MNE	SBE	RHA	DUL	INO	MAN	SOR	MDM	MDG	NAG	AMY	ARB	ESC	SAL	CEL	MAL	LAC	MEL	SAC	TRE	INU	MLZ	RAF	AMD	GLYG	XLT	GEN	TUR	LYX	TAG	DFUC	LFUC	DARL	LARL	GNT	2KG	5KG
123270	not determinedn.d.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

API rID32A

@ref	URE	ADH (Arg)	alpha GAL	beta GAL	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphatebeta GP	alpha GLU	beta GLU	alpha ARA	beta GUR	beta-N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidasebeta NAG	MNE	RAF	GDC	alpha FUC	Reduction of nitrateNIT	IND	PAL	L-arginine arylamidaseArgA	ProA	LGA	Phenylalanine arylamidasePheA	Leucine arylamidaseLeuA	PyrA	Tyrosine arylamidaseTyrA	Alanine arylamidaseAlaA	Glycin arylamidaseGlyA	Histidine arylamidaseHisA	Glutamyl-glutamate arylamidaseGGA	Serine arylamidaseSerA
437	-	+	-	-	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
437	-	+	-	-	-	+/-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation

@ref	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent
437	USA	USA	North America

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence LC037214 (>99% sequence identity) for Clostridium from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	3962
Soil Samples	4923
Animal Samples	31978
Plant Samples	1109
Total Samples	41972

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
437	2	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
123270	2	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	Clostridium sporogenes strain FDAARGOS_1531	complete		1509.234		1509	99.1
66792	Clostridium sporogenes strain FDAARGOS_1531	complete		1509.226		1509	99.1
124043	ASM2034155v1 assembly for Clostridium sporogenes FDAARGOS_1531	chromosome	GCA_020341555	1509.217		1509	85.49
124043	ASM144471v2 assembly for Clostridium sporogenes	scaffold	GCA_001444715	1509.38		1509	70.12
124043	ASM144458v2 assembly for Clostridium sporogenes	contig	GCA_001444585	1509.32		1509	68.62
124043	ASM144457v1 assembly for Clostridium sporogenes	contig	GCA_001444575	1509.31	8032853198	1509	65.35
124043	ASM144459v1 assembly for Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679	contig	GCA_001444595	1509.33		1509	27.14

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
67770	Clostridium sporogenes gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 7850	LC037214	1473		1509

GC content

437

GC-content (mol%)27.0

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Clostridium sporogenes strain FDAARGOS_1531
PATRIC: 1509.234

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	75.20	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	77.00	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	positive	87.30	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	anaerobe	98.30	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Clostridium sporogenes strain FDAARGOS_1531 strain Not applicable
PATRIC: 1509.234

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	63.06	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	yes	82.75	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	yes	71.31	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	91.89	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	93.62	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	80.78	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Investigation of the Effectiveness of Disinfectants Used in Meat-Processing Facilities to Control Clostridium sporogenes and Clostridioides difficile Spores.	McSharry S, Koolman L, Whyte P, Bolton D.	Foods	10.3390/foods10061436	2021
	The gene expression and bioinformatic analysis of choline trimethylamine-lyase (CutC) and its activating enzyme (CutD) for gut microbes and comparison with their TMA production levels.	Ramireddy L, Tsen HY, Chiang YC, Hung CY, Chen FC, Yen HT.	Curr Res Microb Sci	10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100043	2021
	Nitrite-Free Implications on Consumer Acceptance and the Behavior of Pathogens in Cured Pork Loins.	Patarata L, Carvalho F, Fraqueza MJ.	Foods	10.3390/foods11060796	2022
	Red Wine and Garlic as a Possible Alternative to Minimize the Use of Nitrite for Controlling Clostridium Sporogenes and Salmonella in a Cured Sausage: Safety and Sensory Implications.	Patarata L, Martins S, Silva JA, Fraqueza MJ.	Foods	10.3390/foods9020206	2020
	A Small Study of Bacterial Contamination of Anaerobic Digestion Materials and Survival in Different Feed Stocks.	Russell L, Whyte P, Zintl A, Gordon S, Markey B, de Waal T, Cummins E, Nolan S, O'Flaherty V, Abram F, Richards K, Fenton O, Bolton D.	Bioengineering (Basel)	10.3390/bioengineering7030116	2020
Enzymology	Biochemical Characterization and Validation of a Catalytic Site of a Highly Thermostable Ts2631 Endolysin from the Thermus scotoductus Phage vB_Tsc2631.	Plotka M, Kaczorowska AK, Morzywolek A, Makowska J, Kozlowski LP, Thorisdottir A, Skirnisdottir S, Hjorleifsdottir S, Fridjonsson OH, Hreggvidsson GO, Kristjansson JK, Dabrowski S, Bujnicki JM, Kaczorowski T.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0137374	2015
	AmiP from hyperthermophilic Thermus parvatiensis prophage is a thermoactive and ultrathermostable peptidoglycan lytic amidase.	Jasilionis A, Plotka M, Wang L, Dorawa S, Lange J, Watzlawick H, van den Bergh T, Vroling B, Altenbuchner J, Kaczorowska AK, Pohl E, Kaczorowski T, Nordberg Karlsson E, Freitag-Pohl S.	Protein Sci	10.1002/pro.4585	2023
Metabolism	Role of N,N-Dimethylglycine and Its Catabolism to Sarcosine in Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 3043.	Yang T, Shao YH, Guo LZ, Meng XL, Yu H, Lu WD.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01186-20	2020
	Non-thermal processing of watermelon and red grape juices in thin-profile continuous-flow pulsed UV light reactors: Effect on microbiological safety and nutritional value	Pratap-Singh A, Mandal R.	Lebensm Wiss Technol		2023
Enzymology	Comparison of pulsed light inactivation kinetics and modeling of Escherichia coli (ATCC-29055), Clostridium sporogenes (ATCC-7955) and Geobacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC-10149).	John D, Ramaswamy HS.	Curr Res Food Sci	10.1016/j.crfs.2020.03.005	2020
Metabolism	Novel Lytic Enzyme of Prophage Origin from Clostridium botulinum E3 Strain Alaska E43 with Bactericidal Activity against Clostridial Cells.	Morzywolek A, Plotka M, Kaczorowska AK, Szadkowska M, Kozlowski LP, Wyrzykowski D, Makowska J, Waters JJ, Swift SM, Donovan DM, Kaczorowski T.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms22179536	2021
	Genetic Characterization of the Exceptionally High Heat Resistance of the Non-toxic Surrogate Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679.	Butler RR, Schill KM, Wang Y, Pombert JF.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2017.00545	2017
Biotechnology	Recent Advances in the Application of the Antimicrobial Peptide Nisin in the Inactivation of Spore-Forming Bacteria in Foods.	Anumudu C, Hart A, Miri T, Onyeaka H.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules26185552	2021
	Novel Mode of Molybdate Inhibition of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough.	Zane GM, Wall JD, De Leon KB.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2020.610455	2020
Genetics	Draft genome sequence of Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679, the common nontoxigenic surrogate for proteolytic Clostridium botulinum.	Bradbury M, Greenfield P, Midgley D, Li D, Tran-Dinh N, Vriesekoop F, Brown JL.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.06765-11	2012
Biotechnology	Avocado seed discoveries: Chemical composition, biological properties, and industrial food applications.	Bangar SP, Dunno K, Dhull SB, Kumar Siroha A, Changan S, Maqsood S, Rusu AV.	Food Chem X	10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100507	2022
Genetics	Genome-Guided Mass Spectrometry Expedited the Discovery of Paraplantaricin TC318, a Lantibiotic Produced by Lactobacillus paraplantarum Strain Isolated From Cheese.	Hussein WE, Huang E, Ozturk I, Somogyi A, Yang X, Liu B, Yousef AE.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2020.01381	2020
Pathogenicity	In situ determination of Clostridium endospore membrane fluidity during pressure-assisted thermal processing in combination with nisin or reutericyclin.	Hofstetter S, Winter R, McMullen LM, Ganzle MG.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.03755-12	2013
Metabolism	Interconversion of valine and leucine by Clostridium sporogenes.	Monticello DJ, Costilow RN.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.152.2.946-949.1982	1982
	Selective and differential medium for detecting Clostridium botulinum.	Silas JC, Carpenter JA, Hamdy MK, Harrison MA.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.50.4.1110-1111.1985	1985
Enzymology	Proteases of Clostridium botulinum. V. Studies on the serological relationship between proteases from Clostridium botulinum and other spore-forming bacteria.	Tjaberg TB, Fossum K.	Acta Vet Scand	10.1186/bf03547399	1973
Metabolism	Selenium requirement for the growth of Clostridium sporogenes with glycine as the oxidant in stickland reaction systems.	Costilow RN.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.131.1.366-368.1977	1977
	Validation of a Clostridium endospore viability assay and analysis of Greenland ices and Atacama Desert soils.	Yang WW, Ponce A.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01966-10	2011
	Facile method for monitoring inhibition of anaerobic spore outgrowth.	Benedict RC, Tartaglia JS.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.42.6.993-995.1981	1981
Pathogenicity	Microbiological aspects of ethylene oxide sterilization. II. Microbial resistance to ethylene oxide.	Kereluk K, Gammon RA, Lloyd RS.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.19.1.152-156.1970	1970
	Hydrophobicity of Bacillus and Clostridium spores.	Wiencek KM, Klapes NA, Foegeding PM.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.56.9.2600-2605.1990	1990
Pathogenicity	Cation reversal of inhibition of growth by valinomycin in Streptococcus pyogenes and Clostridium sporogenes.	Seshachalam D, Frahm DH, Ferraro FM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.3.1.63	1973
Metabolism	Identity of proline dehydrogenase and delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid reductase in Clostridium sporogenes.	Costilow RN, Cooper D.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.134.1.139-146.1978	1978
Metabolism	Release of dipicolinic acid from ungerminated Clostridium spores.	ROBERTS TL, WYNNE ES.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.83.5.1161-1162.1962	1962
Stress	SOME OBSERVATIONS ON BACTERIAL THERMAL DEATH TIME CURVES.	LICCIARDELLO JJ, NICKERSON JT.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.11.6.476-480.1963	1963
Stress	Effects of carbohydrates, proteins, and bacterial cells in the heating media on the heat resistance of Clostridium sporogenes.	AMAHA M, SAKAGUCHI KI.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.68.3.338-345.1954	1954
Enzymology	Agar concentration in counting Clostridium colonies.	Eller C, Rogers L, Wynne ES.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.15.1.55-57.1967	1967
Pathogenicity	Sporicidal action of auto-oxidized ascorbic acid for Clostridium.	Eller C, Edwards FF, Wynne ES.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.16.2.349-354.1968	1968
	Viability of Selected Microorganisms in Hydrocarbon Fuels.	Hedrick HG, Carroll MT, Owen HP, Pritchard DJ.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.11.6.472-475.1963	1963
Pathogenicity	Effect of subtilin on spores of clostridium botulinum.	ANDERSEN AA.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.64.2.145-149.1952	1952
	Effect of culture filtrates on sporogenesis in a species of Clostridium.	LUND AJ, JANSSEN FW, ANDERSON LE.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.74.5.577-583.1957	1957
	Spectrochemical Analysis of Vegetative Cells and Spores of Bacteria.	Curran HR, Brunstetter BC, Myers AT.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.45.5.485-494.1943	1943
Metabolism	Development of improved defined media for Clostridium botulinum serotypes A, B, and E.	Whitmer ME, Johnson EA.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.54.3.753-759.1988	1988
Enzymology	New rapid identification test for Clostridium difficile.	Aspinall ST, Dealler SF.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.45.11.956	1992
Metabolism	Biohydrogenation of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids by anaerobic bacteria.	Sakurama H, Kishino S, Mihara K, Ando A, Kita K, Takahashi S, Shimizu S, Ogawa J.	J Lipid Res	10.1194/jlr.m045450	2014
	Bactericidal effect of ultraviolet-C treatments applied to honey	Roig-Sagues AX, Gervilla R, Pixner S, Teran-Penafiel T, Hernandez-Herrero MM.	Lebensm Wiss Technol	10.1016/j.lwt.2017.11.010	2018
Enzymology	Genomic sequence of bacteriophage ATCC 8074-B1 and activity of its endolysin and engineered variants against Clostridium sporogenes.	Mayer MJ, Gasson MJ, Narbad A.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.07884-11	2012
Genetics	Genome sequence of a proteolytic (Group I) Clostridium botulinum strain Hall A and comparative analysis of the clostridial genomes.	Sebaihia M, Peck MW, Minton NP, Thomson NR, Holden MT, Mitchell WJ, Carter AT, Bentley SD, Mason DR, Crossman L, Paul CJ, Ivens A, Wells-Bennik MH, Davis IJ, Cerdeno-Tarraga AM, Churcher C, Quail MA, Chillingworth T, Feltwell T, Fraser A, Goodhead I, Hance Z, Jagels K, Larke N, Maddison M, Moule S, Mungall K, Norbertczak H, Rabbinowitsch E, Sanders M, Simmonds M, White B, Whithead S, Parkhill J.	Genome Res	10.1101/gr.6282807	2007
Phylogeny	Genetic Diversity of Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679 Isolates Obtained from Different Sources as Resolved by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and High-Throughput Sequencing.	Schill KM, Wang Y, Butler RR 3rd, Pombert JF, Reddy NR, Skinner GE, Larkin JW	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/AEM.02616-15	2015
Pathogenicity	Effects of nisin and reutericyclin on resistance of endospores of Clostridium spp. to heat and high pressure.	Hofstetter S, Gebhardt D, Ho L, Ganzle M, McMullen LM	Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.fm.2012.11.001	2012
Metabolism	Use of the fluorescent probe LAURDAN to label and measure inner membrane fluidity of endospores of Clostridium spp.	Hofstetter S, Denter C, Winter R, McMullen LM, Ganzle MG	J Microbiol Methods	10.1016/j.mimet.2012.07.023	2012
Enzymology	Microbial inactivation kinetics in soymilk during continuous flow high-pressure throttling.	Sharma V, Singh RK, Toledo RT	J Food Sci	10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01201.x	2009
Biotechnology	Synergistic inactivation of spores of proteolytic Clostridium botulinum strains by high pressure and heat is strain and product dependent.	Bull MK, Olivier SA, van Diepenbeek RJ, Kormelink F, Chapman B	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/AEM.01426-08	2008
Enzymology	High-pressure destruction kinetics of Clostridium sporogenes spores in ground beef at elevated temperatures.	Zhu S, Naim F, Marcotte M, Ramaswamy H, Shao Y	Int J Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.05.009	2008
	Evaluation of Four Pea ( Pisum sativum ) Cultivars in PE-2 Medium for the MPN Enumeration of Anaerobic Spore-Forming Organisms.	Ogunrinola OA, Edwards CG, Davidson PM	J Food Prot	10.4315/0362-028X-60.12.1574	1997
Metabolism	The physiology of Clostridium sporogenes NCIB 8053 growing in defined media.	Lovitt RW, Kell DB, Morris JG	J Appl Bacteriol	10.1111/j.1365-2672.1987.tb02383.x	1987
Metabolism	The growth and nutrition of Clostridium sporogenes NCIB 8053 in defined media.	Lovitt RW, Morris JG, Kell DB	J Appl Bacteriol	10.1111/j.1365-2672.1987.tb02382.x	1987

References

#437	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 767
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#37182	; Curators of the CIP;
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68371	Automatically annotated from API 50CH acid .
#68380	Automatically annotated from API rID32A .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#123270	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 104607
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Clostridium sporogenes (DSM 767, ATCC 7955, McClung 2003)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Culture and growth conditions

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Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

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API rID32A

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Genome browser: GCA_020341555

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@ref	URE	ADH (Arg)	alpha GAL	beta GAL	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphatebeta GP	alpha GLU	beta GLU	alpha ARA	beta GUR	beta-N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidasebeta NAG	MNE	RAF	GDC	alpha FUC	Reduction of nitrateNIT	IND	PAL	L-arginine arylamidaseArgA	ProA	LGA	Phenylalanine arylamidasePheA	Leucine arylamidaseLeuA	PyrA	Tyrosine arylamidaseTyrA	Alanine arylamidaseAlaA	Glycin arylamidaseGlyA	Histidine arylamidaseHisA	Glutamyl-glutamate arylamidaseGGA	Serine arylamidaseSerA
437	-	+	-	-	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
437	-	+	-	-	-	+/-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-

@ref	URE	ADH (Arg)	alpha GAL	beta GAL	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphatebeta GP	alpha GLU	beta GLU	alpha ARA	beta GUR	beta-N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidasebeta NAG	MNE	RAF	GDC	alpha FUC	Reduction of nitrateNIT	IND	PAL	L-arginine arylamidaseArgA	ProA	LGA	Phenylalanine arylamidasePheA	Leucine arylamidaseLeuA	PyrA	Tyrosine arylamidaseTyrA	Alanine arylamidaseAlaA	Glycin arylamidaseGlyA	Histidine arylamidaseHisA	Glutamyl-glutamate arylamidaseGGA	Serine arylamidaseSerA
437	-	+	-	-	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
437	-	+	-	-	-	+/-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-

@ref	URE	ADH (Arg)	alpha GAL	beta GAL	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphatebeta GP	alpha GLU	beta GLU	alpha ARA	beta GUR	beta-N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidasebeta NAG	MNE	RAF	GDC	alpha FUC	Reduction of nitrateNIT	IND	PAL	L-arginine arylamidaseArgA	ProA	LGA	Phenylalanine arylamidasePheA	Leucine arylamidaseLeuA	PyrA	Tyrosine arylamidaseTyrA	Alanine arylamidaseAlaA	Glycin arylamidaseGlyA	Histidine arylamidaseHisA	Glutamyl-glutamate arylamidaseGGA	Serine arylamidaseSerA
437	-	+	-	-	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
437	-	+	-	-	-	+/-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-