Name: Paraclostridium bifermentans 76
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Strain identifier

BacDive ID: 2559

Type strain:

Species: Paraclostridium bifermentans

Strain Designation: 76, 10028

Culture col. no.: DSM 14991, ATCC 638, JCM 1386, CCUG 36626, NCIMB 10716, Hall 76, BCRC 14542, CIP 104309, NCTC 13019, PAGU 2008

Strain history: CIP <- 1994, J.P. Carlier, Inst. Pasteur, Paris, France: strain 10028 <- ATCC <- I.C. Hall: strain 76, Bacillus centrosporogenes

NCBI tax ID(s): 1490 (species)

SI-ID 34627

ATCC 638, CCUG 36626, NCIMB 10716, CIP 104309, JCM 1386, CCRC 14542, DSM 14991, BCRC 14542, NCTC 13019, NRRL B-41229, VTT E-042450

Other strains from Paraclostridium bifermentans

P. bifermentans G7K1R3-PYG-90, DSM 29423
P. bifermentans DSM 630
P. bifermentans 701, Beerens, DSM 631
P. bifermentans TYR6, DSM 13560, CIP 106673
P. bifermentans F1, DSM 103419, CN 4781, WDCM 00079, ...
P. bifermentans Tissier, CIP 60.14, ATCC 19299, ...
P. bifermentans TM, CIP 60.56
P. bifermentans CCUG 32113
P. bifermentans CCUG 33082
P. bifermentans CCUG 35297
P. bifermentans CCUG 35556 A
P. bifermentans CCUG 43592

Section

Paraclostridium bifermentans 76 is an anaerobe, spore-forming, mesophilic human pathogen that was isolated from soil.

motile
spore-forming
anaerobe
human pathogen
mesophilic
16S sequence
Bacteria
genome sequence

Information on the name and the taxonomic classification. Name and taxonomic classification

	Last LPSN update	14-12-2023 (DD-MM-YYYY)
	Domain	"Bacteria"
	Phylum	*Bacillota*
	Class	*Clostridia*
	Order	*Eubacteriales*
	Family	*Clostridiaceae*
	Genus	*Paraclostridium*
	Species	**Paraclostridium bifermentans**
	Full Scientific Name (LPSN)	Paraclostridium bifermentans (Weinberg and Séguin 1918) Sasi Jyothsna et al. 2016

	Synonym	Clostridium bifermentans
	Synonym	"Bacillus* bifermentans"*

Information on morphological and physiological properties Morphology

[Ref.: #116804]	Gram stain	positive
[Ref.: #69480]	Gram stain	positive Confidence in %100

[Ref.: #116804]	Cell shape	rod-shaped

[Ref.: #116804]	Motility	yes
[Ref.: #69480]	Motility	yes Confidence in %94.142

[Ref.: #116804]

Hemolysis ability

Information on culture and growth conditions Culture and growth conditions

[Ref.: #5658]

Culture medium

CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM WITH CARBOHYDRATES (DSMZ Medium 110)

[Ref.: #5658]

Culture medium growth

[Ref.: #5658]

Culture medium link

Medium recipe at MediaDive

[Ref.: #5658]

Culture medium composition

expand / minimize

[Ref.: #5658]

Culture medium

FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE BROTH (DSMZ Medium 1203a)

[Ref.: #5658]

Culture medium growth

[Ref.: #5658]

Culture medium link

Medium recipe provided by DSMZ

[Ref.: #5658]

Culture medium

COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693)

[Ref.: #5658]

Culture medium growth

[Ref.: #5658]

Culture medium link

Medium recipe provided by DSMZ

[Ref.: #41797]

Culture medium

MEDIUM 20 - for Anaerobic bacteria

[Ref.: #41797]

Culture medium growth

[Ref.: #41797]

Culture medium composition

expand / minimize

[Ref.: #116804]

Culture medium

CIP Medium 20

[Ref.: #116804]

Culture medium growth

[Ref.: #116804]

Culture medium link

Medium recipe provided by DSMZ

		Temperature
[Ref.: #5658]	growth	37 °C
[Ref.: #41797]	growth	37 °C
[Ref.: #67770]	growth	37 °C

[Ref.: #5658]	Temperature range	mesophilic
[Ref.: #41797]	Temperature range	mesophilic
[Ref.: #67770]	Temperature range	mesophilic

Information on physiology and metabolism Physiology and metabolism

[Ref.: #5658]	Oxygen tolerance	anaerobe
[Ref.: #69480]	Oxygen tolerance	anaerobe Confidence in %99.533

[Ref.: #116804]	Ability of spore formation	yes
[Ref.: #69481]	Ability of spore formation	yes Confidence in %99
[Ref.: #69480]	Ability of spore formation	yes Confidence in %100

	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
[Ref.: #68380]	arginine ChEBI	-	hydrolysis	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68380]	D-mannose ChEBI	-	fermentation	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #116804]	esculin ChEBI	+	hydrolysis
[Ref.: #68380]	L-glutamate ChEBI	-	degradation	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #116804]	nitrate ChEBI	+	reduction
[Ref.: #68380]	nitrate ChEBI	-	reduction	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #116804]	nitrite ChEBI	+	reduction
[Ref.: #68380]	raffinose ChEBI	-	fermentation	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #116804]	sodium thiosulfate ChEBI	+	builds gas from
[Ref.: #68380]	tryptophan ChEBI	+	energy source	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68380]	urea ChEBI	-	hydrolysis	* from API rID32A
	Only first 10 entries are displayed. Click here to see all.

	Metabolite production	Metabolite	Production
[Ref.: #116804]		indole ChEBI	no
[Ref.: #68380]		indole ChEBI	yes	* from API rID32A

	Physiological tests	Metabolite	Indole test
[Ref.: #68380]		indole ChEBI	+	* from API rID32A

	Enzyme	Enzyme activity	EC number
[Ref.: #68382]	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68380]	alanine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.2	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #116804]	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
[Ref.: #68382]	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68380]	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68380]	alpha-arabinosidase	-	3.2.1.55	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68382]	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68382]	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	* from API zym, API rID32A
[Ref.: #68382]	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	* from API zym, API rID32A
[Ref.: #68382]	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68380]	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68382]	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68380]	arginine dihydrolase	-	3.5.3.6	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68382]	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	* from API zym, API rID32A
[Ref.: #68380]	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphate	-		* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68382]	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	* from API zym, API rID32A
[Ref.: #68382]	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	* from API zym, API rID32A
[Ref.: #116804]	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
[Ref.: #68382]	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	* from API zym
[Ref.: #116804]	DNase	+
[Ref.: #68382]	esterase (C 4)	+		* from API zym
[Ref.: #68382]	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		* from API zym
[Ref.: #116804]	gelatinase	-
[Ref.: #68380]	glutamate decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.15	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68380]	glutamyl-glutamate arylamidase	-		* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68380]	glycin arylamidase	-		* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68380]	histidine arylamidase	-		* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68380]	L-arginine arylamidase	-		* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #116804]	lecithinase	+
[Ref.: #68382]	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68380]	leucine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68380]	leucyl glycin arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68382]	lipase (C 14)	-		* from API zym
[Ref.: #116804]	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
[Ref.: #68382]	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	* from API zym, API rID32A
[Ref.: #68382]	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		* from API zym
[Ref.: #116804]	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
[Ref.: #68380]	phenylalanine arylamidase	-		* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68380]	proline-arylamidase	+	3.4.11.5	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68380]	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	-	3.4.19.3	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68380]	serine arylamidase	-		* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68382]	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	* from API zym
[Ref.: #68380]	tryptophan deaminase	+	4.1.99.1	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68380]	tyrosine arylamidase	-		* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #116804]	urease	-	3.5.1.5
[Ref.: #68380]	urease	-	3.5.1.5	* from API rID32A
[Ref.: #68382]	valine arylamidase	-		* from API zym
	Only first 10 entries are displayed. Click here to see all.

API® rID32A:

Note that the displayed test results represent raw data and therefore may deviate!

	API ID	Urease/urea hydrolysisURE	Arginine dihydrolaseADH (Arg)	alpha-Galactosidasealpha GAL	beta-Galactosidasebeta GAL	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphatebeta GP	alpha-Glucosidasealpha GLU	beta-Glucosidasebeta GLU	alpha-Arabinosidasealpha ARA	beta-Glucuronidasebeta GUR	beta-N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidasebeta NAG	Fermentation of D-mannoseMNE	Fermentation of raffinoseRAF	Glutamate decarboxylaseGDC	alpha-Fucosidasealpha FUC	Reduction of nitrateNIT	Indole productionIND	Alkaline phosphatasePAL	L-arginine arylamidaseArgA	Proline arylamidaseProA	Leucyl glycin arylamidaseLGA	Phenylalanine arylamidasePheA	Leucine arylamidaseLeuA	Pyrrolidonyl arylamidasePyrA	Tyrosine arylamidaseTyrA	Alanine arylamidaseAlaA	Glycin arylamidaseGlyA	Histidine arylamidaseHisA	Glutamyl-glutamate arylamidaseGGA	Serine arylamidaseSerA
[Ref.: #5658]	13315	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

API® zym:

Note that the displayed test results represent raw data and therefore may deviate!

	API ID	Control	2-naphthyl phosphateAlkaline phosphatase	2-naphthyl butyrateEsterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	2-naphthyl myristateLipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamideTrypsin	N-glutaryl-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamidealpha- Chymotrypsin	2-naphthyl phosphateAcid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	6-Br-2-naphthyl-alphaD-galactpyranosidealpha- Galactosidase	2-naphthyl-betaD-galactpyranosidebeta- Galactosidase	Naphthol-AS-BI-betaD-glucuronidebeta- Glucuronidase	2-naphthyl-alphaD-glucopyranosidealpha- Glucosidase	6-Br-2-naphthyl-betaD-glucopyranosidebeta- Glucosidase	1-naphthyl-N-acetyl-betaD-glucosaminideN-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	6-Br-2-naphthyl-alphaD-mannopyranosidealpha- Mannosidase	2-naphthyl-alphaL-fucopyranosidealpha- Fucosidase
[Ref.: #116804]	7886	-	+	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-

Information on isolation source, the sampling and environmental conditions Isolation, sampling and environmental information

[Ref.: #5658]	Sample type/isolated from	soil

[Ref.: #53282]	Sample type/isolated from	Soil

[Ref.: #67770]	Sample type/isolated from	Soil
* marker position based on {}

Isolation sources categories

#Environmental

#Terrestrial

#Soil

What are isolation sources categories?

Information on possible application of the strain and its possible interaction with e.g. potential hosts Safety information

[Ref.: #5658]	Pathogenicity (human)	yes
[Ref.: #5658]	Pathogenicity (animal)	yes
[Ref.: #5658]	Biosafety level	2	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
[Ref.: #116804]	Biosafety level	2	Risk group (French classification)

Information on genomic background e.g. entries in nucleic sequence databass Sequence information

16S Sequence information:

	Sequence accession description	Seq. accession number	Sequence length (bp)	Sequence database	Associated NCBI tax ID
[Ref.: #5658]	Clostridium bifermentans 16S rRNA gene, strain DSM 10716	X73437	1498	ENA	1490 tax ID
[Ref.: #20218]	Clostridium bifermentans strain DSM 14991 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	HM245932	841	ENA	1490 tax ID	*
[Ref.: #20218]	[Clostridium] bifermentans gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial cds, strain: JCM 1386	AB618787	1463	ENA	1490 tax ID	*
[Ref.: #20218]	Clostridium bifermentans gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: ATCC 638	AB075769	1476	ENA	1490 tax ID	*
[Ref.: #20218]	Clostridium bifermentans 16S rRNA gene	X75906	1451	ENA	1490 tax ID	*

Genome sequence information:

Only first 5 entries are displayed. Click here to see all.

	Sequence accession description	Seq. accession number	Assembly level	Sequence database	Associated NCBI tax ID
[Ref.: #67770]	Paraclostridium bifermentans ATCC 638 = DSM 14991	GCA_000452245	contig	GenBank	1233171 tax ID
[Ref.: #67770]	Paraclostridium bifermentans ATCC 638	GCA_006802875	scaffold	GenBank	1490 tax ID
[Ref.: #66792]	Paraclostridium bifermentans strain DSM 14991	1490.75	complete	PATRIC	1490 tax ID	*
[Ref.: #66792]	Clostridium bifermentans ATCC 638	1233171.3	wgs	PATRIC	1233171 tax ID	*
[Ref.: #66792]	Paraclostridium bifermentans strain ATCC 638	1490.25	wgs	PATRIC	1490 tax ID	*
[Ref.: #66792]	Paraclostridium bifermentans strain DSM 14991	1490.72	complete	PATRIC	1490 tax ID	*

[Ref.: #5658]	GC-content	27 mol%	thermal denaturation, midpoint method (Tm)
[Ref.: #67770]	GC-content	29.2 mol%	high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Data predicted using genome information as a basis Genome-based predictions

	Trait	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
	Predictions from GenomeNet Sporulation v. 1 based on: Paraclostridium bifermentans DSM 14991 NCBI: GCA_019916025.1
[Ref.: #69481]	spore-forming	yes	99	no

	Trait	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
	Predictions from Diaspora project based on: Paraclostridium bifermentans DSM 14991 NCBI: GCA_019916025.1
[Ref.: #69480]	flagellated	no	55.414	no
[Ref.: #69480]	gram-positive	yes	90.549	no
[Ref.: #69480]	anaerobic	yes	97.723	no
[Ref.: #69480]	aerobic	no	97.055	yes
[Ref.: #69480]	halophile	no	92.211	no
[Ref.: #69480]	spore-forming	yes	94.705	no
[Ref.: #69480]	motile	yes	78.08	no
[Ref.: #69480]	thermophile	no	97.546	yes
[Ref.: #69480]	glucose-util	yes	88.291	no
[Ref.: #69480]	glucose-ferment	yes	64.958	no

Availability in culture collections External links

[Ref.: #5658]

Culture collection no.

DSM 14991, ATCC 638, JCM 1386, CCUG 36626, NCIMB 10716, Hall 76, BCRC 14542, CIP 104309, NCTC 13019, PAGU 2008

[Ref.: #72092]

SI-ID 34627

Literature:

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Phylogeny	Description of Paraclostridium bifermentans subsp. muricolitidis subsp. nov., emended description of Paraclostridium bifermentans (Sasi Jyothsna et al., 2016), and creation of Paraclostridium bifermentans subsp. bifermentans subsp. nov.	Kutsuna R, Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Mori K, Hayashi M, Tomida J, Morita Y, Tanaka K, Kawamura Y	Microbiol Immunol	10.1111/1348-0421.12663	2019	*
Phylogeny	Paraclostridium benzoelyticum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment and reclassification of Clostridium bifermentans as Paraclostridium bifermentans comb. nov. Proposal of a new genus Paeniclostridium gen. nov. to accommodate Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium ghonii.	Sasi Jyothsna TS, Tushar L, Sasikala C, Ramana CV	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.000874	2016	*
Metabolism	Biohydrogenation of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids by anaerobic bacteria.	Sakurama H, Kishino S, Mihara K, Ando A, Kita K, Takahashi S, Shimizu S, Ogawa J	J Lipid Res	10.1194/jlr.M045450	2014	*
Phenotype	Correlative properties for a differentiation of two Clostridium sordellii phenotypes and their distinction from Clostridium bifermentans.	Roggentin P, Gutschker-Gdaniec G, Schauer R, Hobrecht R	Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A	10.1016/s0176-6724(85)80020-1	1985	*

References

#5658

Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 14991

#20215

Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )

#20218

Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )

#41797 ; Curators of the CIP;
#53282 Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) ; Curators of the CCUG; CCUG 36626

#66792

Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .

#67770 Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;

#68380

Automatically annotated from API rID32A .

#68382

Automatically annotated from API zym .

#69480

Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Predictions based on genome sequence made in the Diaspora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .

#69481

Xiao-Yin To, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Alice C. McHardy, Philipp C. Münch: Predictions based on the model GenomeNet Sporulation v. 1 . ( DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2527258/v1 )

#72092

Reimer, L.C., Lissin, A.,Schober, I., Witte,J.F., Podstawka, A., Lüken, H., Bunk, B.,Overmann, J.: StrainInfo: A central database for resolving microbial strain identifiers . ( DOI 10.60712/SI-ID34627.1 )

#116804 Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 104309
* These data were automatically processed and therefore are not curated

Change proposal

You found an error in BacDive? Please tell us about it!

Note that changes will be reviewed and judged. If your changes are legitimate, changes will occur within the next BacDive update. Only proposed changes supported by the according reference will be reviewed. The BacDive team reserves the right to reject proposed changes.

Search for species Paraclostridium bifermentans subsp. bifermentans in external resources:
SILVA
BRENDA
PANGAEA
StrainInfo
GBIF

Paraclostridium bifermentans DSM 14991

Paraclostridium bifermentans DSM 14991

Change proposal

Change proposal