Clostridium beijerinckii (DSM 6423, NRRL B-593, A-21)

Name: Clostridium beijerinckii (DSM 6423, NRRL B-593, A-21)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 2554

Type strain

Strain Designation A-21

Culture col. no. DSM 6423 NRRL B-593 A-21

NCBI tax ID(s) 1520

Special Collections DSMZ

History DSMZ <- NRRL <- E. McCoy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA; A-21

Links

Clostridium beijerinckii A-21 is an anaerobe bacterium that produces alcohol.

alcohol production anaerobe genome sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 48191

DSM 6423,NRRL B-593,KCTC 1785,VTT E-84184

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:25:30

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Clostridia

Order Eubacteriales

Family Clostridiaceae

Genus Clostridium

Species Clostridium beijerinckii

Full scientific name Clostridium beijerinckii Donker 1926 (Approved Lists 1980)

Synonyms (1)

Clostridium diolis

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Clostridium beijerinckii** (30)	Type strain
2548	C. beijerinckii E. McCoy A-67, L.S. McClung 1671, 10026, ... (type strain)
2547	C. beijerinckii DSM 552, VKM B-1773
2549	C. beijerinckii N.O. Sjolander and McCoy, 67, 7, N.O. Sjolander ...
2550	C. beijerinckii 2287, McClung, A-14, 2287, McClung, DSM 1739, ...
2551	C. beijerinckii DSM 51, ATCC 17797 (1969)
2552	C. beijerinckii 34, Ng 34, DSM 53, ATCC 14949, NCIMB 9503, ...
2553	C. beijerinckii A-39, DSM 6422, NRRL B-592
2555	C. beijerinckii KT-1P, DSM 13821
2692	C. beijerinckii C8, DSM 11329, IAM 19232, JCM 7847
2819	C. beijerinckii 88-273, SH1, DSM 15410, ATCC BAA-557, DSM ...
158905	C. beijerinckii WB01-NA02, DSM 105335
165626	C. beijerinckii JCM 7833, IAM 19015
165630	C. beijerinckii JCM 7837, IAM 19225
165631	C. beijerinckii JCM 7838, IAM 19240, IFO 3859, NBRC 3859, ...
165632	C. beijerinckii JCM 7839, IAM 19092
165633	C. beijerinckii JCM 7840, IAM 19108
165685	C. beijerinckii JCM 7986, IAM 19046
165689	C. beijerinckii JCM 7990, IAM 19050
165696	C. beijerinckii JCM 7997, IAM 19060
165721	C. beijerinckii JCM 8023, ATCC 14823, ATCC 6014, IAM 19002, ...
165722	C. beijerinckii JCM 8024, IAM 19006
165723	C. beijerinckii JCM 8025, IAM 19007, NRRL B-591
165724	C. beijerinckii JCM 8026, IAM 19008, NRRL B592
165725	C. beijerinckii JCM 8027, IAM 19093
165726	C. beijerinckii JCM 8028, IAM 19105
165727	C. beijerinckii JCM 8030, IAM 19091
165728	C. beijerinckii JCM 8031, IAM 19106
165729	C. beijerinckii JCM 8032, IAM 19094
165730	C. beijerinckii JCM 8033, IAM 19095
165731	C. beijerinckii JCM 8034, IAM 19098

Morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
2661	CLOSTRIDIUM ACETOBUTYLICUM MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 411)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: CLOSTRIDIUM ACETOBUTYLICUM MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 411) Composition: Potato 200.0 g/l D-Glucose 6.0 g/l CaCO3 2.0 g/l L-Cysteine HCl x H2O 0.5 g/l Sodium resazurin 0.0005 g/l Distilled water
2661	PY + X MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 104b)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: PY + X MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 104b) Composition: Yeast extract 10.0 g/l D-Glucose 5.0 g/l Trypticase peptone 5.0 g/l Meat peptone 5.0 g/l L-Cysteine HCl x H2O 0.5 g/l NaHCO3 0.4 g/l NaCl 0.08 g/l KH2PO4 0.04 g/l K2HPO4 0.04 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.02 g/l CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.01 g/l Sodium resazurin 0.0005 g/l Distilled water
2661	CLOSTRIDIUM SP. MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 54b)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: CLOSTRIDIUM SP. MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 54b) Composition: CaCO3 20.0 g/l Glucose 20.0 g/l Agar 17.0 g/l (optional) Yeast extract 10.0 g/l Distilled water

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
2661	positive	growth	35

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
2661	anaerobe
125439	facultative anaerobe	98.998

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125439		91.892

Compound production

@ref	Compound
2661	n butanol
2661	1,3 propanediol
2661	2 propanol

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
2661	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	C. beijerinckii DSM 6423 assembly for Clostridium beijerinckii	complete	GCA_900010805	1520.273	2870135238	1520	93.53
66792	Clostridium beijerinckii A-21	complete			2703719306	1520	38.51
124043	ASM200632v1 assembly for Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-593	contig	GCA_002006325			1520	4.78

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: C. beijerinckii DSM 6423 assembly for Clostridium beijerinckii
BV-BRC: 1520.273

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	facultative anaerobe	99.00	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	positive	64.82	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	80.54	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	91.89	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Clostridium beijerinckii C. beijerinckii DSM 6423
NCBI: GCA_900010805.1

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	53.56	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	yes	86.36	yes
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	92.67	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	yes	79.34	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	95.39	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	76.88	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Genetics	CRISPR/anti-CRISPR genome editing in Clostridium beijerinckii.	Hocq R, Chartier G, Lopes Ferreira N, Wasels F.	J Biotechnol	10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.11.002	2026
	Heterologous 1,3-Propanediol Production Using Different Recombinant Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423 Strains.	Schoch T, Baur T, Kunz J, Stoferle S, Durre P.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms11030784	2023
	Propanol production through microbial fermentation of biomass.	Sun C, Yang L, Zhao C, Li H, Deng Z, Liu G, Wu C.	Bioresour Bioprocess	10.1186/s40643-025-00966-6	2025
	Heterologous Production of Isopropanol Using Metabolically Engineered Acetobacterium woodii Strains.	Hofele F, Schoch T, Oberlies C, Durre P.	Bioengineering (Basel)	10.3390/bioengineering10121381	2023
Biotechnology	An artificial coculture fermentation system for industrial propanol production.	Hocq R, Sauer M.	FEMS Microbes	10.1093/femsmc/xtac013	2022
	Cellulose hydrolysis and IBE fermentation of eucalyptus sawdust for enhanced biobutanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423	Cebreiros F, Ferrari MD, Lareo C.	Industrial crops and products.	10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.03.059	2019
	Comparison of different small molecular weight alcohols for sustaining sulfidogenic bioreactors maintained at moderately low pH.	Santos AL, Johnson DB.	Front Bioeng Biotechnol	10.3389/fbioe.2022.937987	2022
	Erratum to: Improving isopropanol tolerance and production of Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423 by random mutagenesis and genome shuffling.	Mate de Gerando H, Fayolle-Guichard F, Rudant L, Millah SK, Monot F, Lopes Ferreira N, Lopez-Contreras AM.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-017-8505-0	2017
	The exceptional form and function of the giant bacterium Ca. Epulopiscium viviparus revolves around its sodium motive force.	Sannino DR, Arroyo FA, Pepe-Ranney C, Chen W, Volland JM, Elisabeth NH, Angert ER.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.2306160120	2023
	Biobutanol production from coffee silverskin.	Hijosa-Valsero M, Garita-Cambronero J, Paniagua-Garcia AI, Diez-Antolinez R.	Microb Cell Fact	10.1186/s12934-018-1002-z	2018
	An inventory of early branch points in microbial phosphonate biosynthesis.	Li S, Horsman GP.	Microb Genom	10.1099/mgen.0.000781	2022
	Investigation on L-rhamnose metabolism of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis subsp. coryniformis DSM 20001 and its propionate-containing fermentates.	Elvan Gezer M, Gravlund Fonss K, Bambace MF, Marietou A, Sandberg Overby S, Sundekilde U, Schwab C.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01613-24	2025
	The potential of native and engineered Clostridia for biomass biorefining.	Ponsetto P, Sasal EM, Mazzoli R, Valetti F, Gilardi G.	Front Bioeng Biotechnol	10.3389/fbioe.2024.1423935	2024
Genetics	Towards continuous industrial bioprocessing with solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia: challenges, progress and perspectives.	Vees CA, Neuendorf CS, Pflugl S.	J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s10295-020-02296-2	2020
Enzymology	A CRISPR/Anti-CRISPR Genome Editing Approach Underlines the Synergy of Butanol Dehydrogenases in Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 792.	Wasels F, Chartier G, Hocq R, Lopes Ferreira N.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00408-20	2020
Genetics	Comparative genome analysis of commensal segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) from turkey and murine hosts reveals distinct metabolic features.	Hedblom GA, Dev K, Bowden SD, Baumler DJ.	BMC Genomics	10.1186/s12864-022-08886-x	2022
	Genome sequence of the H2-producing Clostridium beijerinckii strain Br21 isolated from a sugarcane vinasse treatment plant.	Fonseca BC, Riano-Pachon DM, Guazzaroni ME, Reginatto V.	Genet Mol Biol	10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0315	2019
Phylogeny	Microbial solvent formation revisited by comparative genome analysis.	Poehlein A, Solano JDM, Flitsch SK, Krabben P, Winzer K, Reid SJ, Jones DT, Green E, Minton NP, Daniel R, Durre P.	Biotechnol Biofuels	10.1186/s13068-017-0742-z	2017
	Immobilization of Providencia stuartii Cells in Pumice Stone and Its Application for N-Acetylglucosamine Production.	Halim Y, Devianita D, Hardoko H, Handayani R, Soedirga LC.	Food Technol Biotechnol	10.17113/ftb.60.01.22.6994	2022
	Effective isopropanol-butanol (IB) fermentation with high butanol content using a newly isolated Clostridium sp. A1424.	Youn SH, Lee KM, Kim KY, Lee SM, Woo HM, Um Y.	Biotechnol Biofuels	10.1186/s13068-016-0650-7	2016
Metabolism	Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the production of higher alcohols.	Choi YJ, Lee J, Jang YS, Lee SY.	mBio	10.1128/mbio.01524-14	2014
Metabolism	Microbial production of short chain diols.	Jiang Y, Liu W, Zou H, Cheng T, Tian N, Xian M.	Microb Cell Fact	10.1186/s12934-014-0165-5	2014
Metabolism	Cloning, functional expression and characterization of a bifunctional 3-hydroxybutanal dehydrogenase /reductase involved in acetone metabolism by Desulfococcus biacutus.	Frey J, Rusche H, Schink B, Schleheck D.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/s12866-016-0899-9	2016
	Acetone, Isopropanol, and Butanol Production by Clostridium beijerinckii (syn. Clostridium butylicum) and Clostridium aurantibutyricum.	George HA, Johnson JL, Moore WE, Holdeman LV, Chen JS.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.45.3.1160-1163.1983	1983
Biotechnology	Isopropanol-butanol-ethanol production by cell-immobilized vacuum fermentation.	Ferreira Dos Santos Vieira C, Duzi Sia A, Maugeri Filho F, Maciel Filho R, Pinto Mariano A	Bioresour Technol	10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126313	2021
Metabolism	Sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates as feedstock to produce the isopropanol-butanol-ethanol fuel mixture: Effect of lactic acid derived from microbial contamination on Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423.	Vieira CFDS, Codogno MC, Maugeri Filho F, Maciel Filho R, Mariano AP	Bioresour Technol	10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124140	2020
Metabolism	Adaptation and application of a two-plasmid inducible CRISPR-Cas9 system in Clostridium beijerinckii.	Diallo M, Hocq R, Collas F, Chartier G, Wasels F, Wijaya HS, Werten MWT, Wolbert EJH, Kengen SWM, van der Oost J, Ferreira NL, Lopez-Contreras AM	Methods	10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.07.022	2019
Metabolism	sigma(54) (sigma(L)) plays a central role in carbon metabolism in the industrially relevant Clostridium beijerinckii.	Hocq R, Bouilloux-Lafont M, Lopes Ferreira N, Wasels F	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-019-43822-2	2019
Metabolism	l-Rhamnose Metabolism in Clostridium beijerinckii Strain DSM 6423.	Diallo M, Simons AD, van der Wal H, Collas F, Houweling-Tan B, Kengen SWM, Lopez-Contreras AM	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/AEM.02656-18	2019
	Characterization and genome analysis of a butanol-isopropanol-producing Clostridium beijerinckii strain BGS1.	Zhang C, Li T, He J	Biotechnol Biofuels	10.1186/s13068-018-1274-x	2018
Transcriptome	Correction to: Genome and transcriptome of the natural isopropanol producer Clostridium beijerinckii DSM6423.	de Gerando HM, Wasels F, Bisson A, Clement B, Bidard F, Jourdier E, Lopez-Contreras AM, Ferreira NL	BMC Genomics	10.1186/s12864-018-4799-2	2018
Transcriptome	Genome and transcriptome of the natural isopropanol producer Clostridium beijerinckii DSM6423.	Mate de Gerando H, Wasels F, Bisson A, Clement B, Bidard F, Jourdier E, Lopez-Contreras AM, Lopes Ferreira N	BMC Genomics	10.1186/s12864-018-4636-7	2018
Enzymology	Improving isopropanol tolerance and production of Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423 by random mutagenesis and genome shuffling.	Gerando HM, Fayolle-Guichard F, Rudant L, Millah SK, Monot F, Lopes Ferreira N, Lopez-Contreras AM	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-016-7302-5	2016
Metabolism	Wood pulp as an immobilization matrix for the continuous production of isopropanol and butanol.	Survase SA, van Heiningen A, Granstrom T	J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s10295-012-1219-5	2012
Metabolism	Metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 for isopropanol-butanol-ethanol fermentation.	Lee J, Jang YS, Choi SJ, Im JA, Song H, Cho JH, Seung do Y, Papoutsakis ET, Bennett GN, Lee SY	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/AEM.06382-11	2011
Metabolism	Continuous production of isopropanol and butanol using Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423.	Survase SA, Jurgens G, van Heiningen A, Granstrom T	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-011-3322-3	2011
Biotechnology	Continuous production of 1,3-propanediol using raw glycerol with immobilized Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-593 in comparison to suspended culture.	Gungormusler M, Gonen C, Azbar N	Bioprocess Biosyst Eng	10.1007/s00449-011-0522-2	2011

References

#2661	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 6423
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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About us

Clostridium beijerinckii (DSM 6423, NRRL B-593, A-21)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Compound production

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_900010805

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

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