Clostridium baratii G is an anaerobe bacterium that was isolated from human gas gangrene.
anaerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria| @ref 20215 |
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Last LPSN update
2026-05-29 08:25:29 |
| Domain Bacteria |
| Phylum Bacillota |
| Class Clostridia |
| Order Eubacteriales |
| Family Clostridiaceae |
| Genus Clostridium |
| Species Clostridium baratii |
| Full scientific name Clostridium baratii corrig. (Prévot 1938) Holdeman and Moore 1970 (Approved Lists 1980) |
| Synonyms (5) |
| BacDive ID | Other strains from Clostridium baratii (3) | Type strain |
|---|---|---|
| 2544 | C. baratii 2227, 10023, DSM 601, ATCC 27638, VPI 4443, ... (type strain) | |
| 2546 | C. baratii 1116D, Prévot, 1116D, Prévot, DSM 1401, ... | |
| 163981 | C. baratii JCM 31253 |
| @ref | Name | Growth | Medium link | Composition | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 314 | LIVER BROTH (Oxoid CM 77) (DSMZ Medium 77) | Medium recipe at MediaDive  | Name: LIVER BROTH (Oxoid CM 77) (DSMZ Medium 77) Composition: LIVER BROTH |
Global distribution of 16S sequence LC007104 (>99% sequence identity) for Clostridium baratii from Microbeatlas 
 Aquatic Samples |
927 |
 Soil Samples |
585 |
 Animal Samples |
10123 |
 Plant Samples |
218 |
| Total Samples | 11853 |
| @ref | Description | Assembly level | INSDC accession | BV-BRC accession | IMG accession | NCBI tax ID | Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 66792 | 52295_F01 assembly for Clostridium baratii NCTC10986 | contig | GCA_900461085   | 1561.57  | 8115172315  | 1561 | 77.47 |  |
| 66792 | Clostridium baratii strain NCTC10986 | contig | 1561.60 | 1561 | 77.28 | | ||
| 66792 | Clostridium baratii strain NCTC10986 | contig | 1561.59 | 1561 | 77.28 | | ||
| 66792 | Clostridium baratii strain NCTC10986 | contig | 1561.58 | 1561 | 77.28 | |
| @ref | Description | Accession | Length | Database | NCBI tax ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 67770 | Clostridium baratii gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 1382 | LC007104 | 1476 | | 1561 |
| Topic | Title | Authors | Journal | DOI | Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genetic confirmation of identities of neurotoxigenic Clostridium baratii and Clostridium butyricum implicated as agents of infant botulism. | Suen JC, Hatheway CL, Steigerwalt AG, Brenner DJ. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.26.10.2191-2192.1988 | 1988 | | |
| Biotechnology | Detection of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in food and fecal samples with a duplex PCR and the slide latex agglutination test. | Fach P, Popoff MR. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.63.11.4232-4236.1997 | 1997 | |
| Comprehensive field investigation of a large botulism outbreak, Saudi Arabia, 2024. | Zuayr SNA, Kamel SA, Almutairi AS, AlAsseri YA, Alfaifi M, Alyahya B, Deeb MA, Albogami HA, Alrougi HM, Saqah RM, Alahmad AM, Almutairi AEH, Abd-Ellatif EE. | J Infect Public Health | 10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102702 | 2025 | | |
| Multiomic study of the protective mechanism of Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in Guizhou miniature pigs. | Wu Y, Mo J, Liang J, Pu X, Dong Y, Zhu X, Zhao H, Qiu H, Wu S, Lu T. | Phytomedicine | 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155499 | 2024 | | |
| Phylogeny | Zoonotic bacterial and parasitic intestinal pathogens in foxes, raccoons and other predators from eastern Germany. | Kittl S, Frey CF, Brodard I, Scalisi N, Vargas Amado ME, Thomann A, Schierack P, Jores J. | Environ Microbiol Rep | 10.1111/1758-2229.13261 | 2024 | |
| Botulism in the Highlands: Understanding the High-Altitude Effect. | Almomen M, Memish Z. | J Epidemiol Glob Health | 10.1007/s44197-025-00403-z | 2025 | | |
| Foodborne Botulism Type F: A Rare Presentation of Neurologic Manifestation and Successful Management. | Maharjan N, Chirumamilla Y, Karki B, Berrou M, Mcdonald PJ. | Cureus | 10.7759/cureus.62964 | 2024 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Features of the First Case of Foodborne Botulism Caused by Dual-Toxin Clostridium parabotulinum Subtype A1(B5) in Spain. | Valdezate S, Valiente M, Carrasco G, Medina-Pascual MJ, Hurtado MI, de Pipaon MR, Garrido N, Paradas C, Hernandez-Bello JR, Villalon P. | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins17090429 | 2025 | |
| Genetics | Tracing and characterization of foodborne botulism caused by the new MLST type Clostridium botulinum A2 in Hebei province, China. | Lu Z, Feng J, Luo X, Sun H, Huang Y, Lu S, Wang D, Xu X, Lu X, Xu L. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1567360 | 2025 | |
| Genetics | Comparative analysis of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for pathogenic identification in clinical body fluid samples. | Sun N, Zhang J, Guo W, Cao J, Chen Y, Gao D, Xia X. | BMC Microbiol | 10.1186/s12866-025-03887-8 | 2025 | |
| Botox: Current and Emerging Trends for Dental Practitioners in Esthetic Dentistry. | Rambole O, Reche A, Paul P. | Cureus | 10.7759/cureus.64052 | 2024 | | |
| Strategies for Safe Transurethral Injections of Botulinum Toxin into the Bladder Wall. | Oelke M. | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins16070299 | 2024 | | |
| Genetics | Comparative Genomics of Clostridium baratii Reveals Strain-Level Diversity in Toxin Abundance. | Silva-Andrade C, Martin AJ, Garrido D. | Microorganisms | 10.3390/microorganisms10020213 | 2022 | |
| Microbiome composition and presence of cultivable commensal groups of Southern Tamanduas (Tamandua tetradactyla) varies with captive conditions. | Amin A, Mekadim C, Modrackova N, Bolechova P, Mrazek J, Neuzil-Bunesova V. | Anim Microbiome | 10.1186/s42523-024-00311-w | 2024 | | |
| Metabolism | Ileal FXR Knockdown Ameliorates MASLD Progression in Rats via Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism Mediated by Gut Microbiota. | Wang J, Gao J, Zhang Q, Lu J, Yang Y, Cai X, Dong H, Lu L. | J Gastroenterol Hepatol | 10.1111/jgh.17017 | 2025 | |
| Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiomes in Laboratory Chinchillas, Ferrets, and Marmots: Implications for Pathogen Infection Research. | Guo J, Shi W, Li X, Yang B, Qin C, Su L. | Microorganisms | 10.3390/microorganisms12040646 | 2024 | | |
| The First Reported Foodborne Botulism Outbreak in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Lessons Learned. | Gul Dar N, Alfaraj SH, Alboqmy KN, Khanum N, Alshakrah F, Abdallah H, Badawi MH, Alharbi OM, Alshiekh KA, Alsallum AM, Shrahili AH, Zeidan ZA, Abdallah Z, Majrashi AA, Memish ZA. | J Epidemiol Glob Health | 10.1007/s44197-024-00255-z | 2024 | | |
| Gut microbiome in the first 1000 days and risk for childhood food allergy. | Davis EC, Monaco CL, Insel R, Jarvinen KM. | Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol | 10.1016/j.anai.2024.03.010 | 2024 | | |
| Erratum for Halpin et al., "Finished Whole-Genome Sequences of Clostridium butyricum Toxin Subtype E4 and Clostridium baratii Toxin Subtype F7 Strains". | Halpin JL, Hill K, Johnson SL, Bruce DC, Shirey TB, Dykes JK, Luquez C. | Genome Announc | 10.1128/genomea.01050-17 | 2017 | | |
| Botulism Cases in Romania-An Overview of 14-Year National Surveillance Data. | Pauna AM, Craciun MD, Sirbu A, Popescu R, Enciu BG, Chivu CD, Simoiu M, Pitigoi D. | Biomedicines | 10.3390/biomedicines12051058 | 2024 | | |
| Genetics | The Gut Microbiome of the Asiatic Toad (Bufo gargarizans) Reflects Environmental Changes and Human Activities. | Kang X, Shao M, Jiang J, He L, Lu Y, Song J, Xu J, Fan Z. | Ecol Evol | 10.1002/ece3.71394 | 2025 | |
| Genetics | Colonic Microbiota Improves Fiber Digestion Ability and Enhances Absorption of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Local Pigs of Hainan. | Xue P, Xue M, Luo Y, Tang Q, Wang F, Sun R, Song Y, Chao Z, Fang M. | Microorganisms | 10.3390/microorganisms12061033 | 2024 | |
| Pathogenicity | Viable Clostridium botulinum spores not detected in the household dust of major Canadian cities. | Harris RA, Blondin-Brosseau M, Levesque C, Rasmussen PE, Beauchemin S, Austin JW. | Epidemiol Infect | 10.1017/s0950268823001474 | 2023 | |
| Phylogeny | Dissecting and tracing the gut microbiota of infants with botulism: a cross sectional and longitudinal study. | Wang D, Li K, Wang L, Teng Z, Luo X, Sun H, Huang Y, Hu S, Xu X, He Z. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1416879 | 2024 | |
| Finished Whole-Genome Sequences of Clostridium butyricum Toxin Subtype E4 and Clostridium baratii Toxin Subtype F7 Strains. | Halpin JL, Hill K, Johnson SL, Bruce DC, Shirey TB, Dykes JK, Luquez C. | Genome Announc | 10.1128/genomea.00375-17 | 2017 | | |
| Enzymology | A cluster of three cases of botulism due to Clostridium baratii type F, France, August 2015. | Trehard H, Poujol I, Mazuet C, Blanc Q, Gillet Y, Rossignol F, Popoff MR, Jourdan Da Silva N. | Euro Surveill | 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.4.30117 | 2016 | |
| Early infancy dysbiosis in food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: A prospective cohort study. | Su KW, Cetinbas M, Martin VM, Virkud YV, Seay H, Ndahayo R, Rosow R, Elkort M, Gupta B, Kramer E, Pronchick T, Reuter S, Sadreyev RI, Huang JL, Shreffler WG, Yuan Q. | Allergy | 10.1111/all.15644 | 2023 | | |
| Gangrenous gas necrosis of the spleen: a case report. | Meyer J, Dupuis A, Huttner BD, Tihy M, Buhler L. | BMC Infect Dis | 10.1186/s12879-019-4406-4 | 2019 | | |
| Wound Botulism in Black Tar Heroin Injecting Users: A Case Series. | Raza N, Dhital S, Espinoza VE, Jariwal R, Chiu CW, Valdez M, Heidari A, Petersen G, Sabetian K. | J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep | 10.1177/23247096211028078 | 2021 | | |
| Phylogeny | Case report: Aberrant fecal microbiota composition of an infant diagnosed with prolonged intestinal botulism. | Douillard FP, Derman Y, Jian C, Korpela K, Saxen H, Salonen A, de Vos WM, Korkeala H, Lindstrom M. | Gut Pathog | 10.1186/s13099-024-00614-y | 2024 | |
| Fecal and oral microbiome analysis of snakes from China reveals a novel natural emerging disease reservoir. | Hu X, Yang L, Zhang Y, Yang M, Li J, Fan Y, Guo P, Tian Z. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1339188 | 2023 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Host-Microbiome Associations of Native and Invasive Small Mammals Across a Tropical Urban-Rural Ecotone. | Giacomini A, Lakim MB, Tuh FYY, Hitchings M, Consuegra S, Webster TU, Wells K. | Mol Ecol | 10.1111/mec.17782 | 2025 | |
| Elevated incidence of infant botulism in a 17-county area of the Mid-Atlantic region in the United States, 2000-2019, including association with soil types. | Dabritz HA, Friberg IK, Payne JR, Moreno-Gorrin C, Lunquest K, Thomas D, Newman AP, Negron EA, Drohan PJ. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.01063-24 | 2024 | | |
| Enzymology | Two cases of adult botulism caused by botulinum neurotoxin producing Clostridium baratii. | Hannett GE, Schaffzin JK, Davis SW, Fage MP, Schoonmaker-Bopp D, Dumas NB, Musser KA, Egan C. | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.10.005 | 2014 | |
| Insights into the utilisation of 1,2-propanediol and interactions with the cell envelope of Clostridium perfringens. | Huertas-Diaz L, Vestergaard LG, Marietou A, Irla M, Behr J, Somoza MM, Feilberg A, Schwab C. | Gut Pathog | 10.1186/s13099-025-00689-1 | 2025 | | |
| Dynamics of microbial community during ensiling direct-cut alfalfa with and without LAB inoculant and sugar. | Zheng ML, Niu DZ, Jiang D, Zuo SS, Xu CC. | J Appl Microbiol | 10.1111/jam.13456 | 2017 | | |
| The influence of nutritional habits, body mass index and intestinal microbiota in mastocytosis on clinical symptoms using conventional culture and next generation sequencing. | Harceko-Zielinska E, Niedoszytko M, Gorska A, Malgorzewicz S, Gruchala-Niedoszytko M, Bronk M, Dabrowski S, Chelminska M, Jassem E. | Clin Transl Allergy | 10.1002/clt2.12310 | 2024 | | |
| Metabolic Clues to Bile Acid Patterns and Prolonged Survival in Patients with Metastatic Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Treated with Trabectedin. | Miolo G, Buonadonna A, Scalone S, Lombardi D, Della Puppa L, Steffan A, Corona G. | Metabolites | 10.3390/metabo13101035 | 2023 | | |
| Stress | Expression of Recombinant Clostridial Neurotoxin by C. tetani. | Gregg BM, Gupta S, Tepp WH, Pellett S. | Microorganisms | 10.3390/microorganisms12122611 | 2024 | |
| Botulism outbreak in a rural Ethiopia: a case series. | Bacha T, Abebaw E, Moges A, Bekele A, Tamiru A, Shemsedin I, Siraj DS, Jima D, Amogne W. | BMC Infect Dis | 10.1186/s12879-021-06969-w | 2021 | | |
| Genetics | Characteristics of the Fecal Microbiome of Piglets with Diarrhea Identified Using Shotgun Metagenomics Sequencing. | Gryaznova M, Smirnova Y, Burakova I, Morozova P, Nesterova E, Gladkikh M, Mikhaylov E, Syromyatnikov M. | Animals (Basel) | 10.3390/ani13142303 | 2023 | |
| Complete genomes of Clostridium botulinum type B(F) isolates associated with a 1995 foodborne botulism outbreak from commercial pâté reveals a recombination event disrupting the ntnh gene. | Harris RA, Flint A, Blondin Brosseau M, Weedmark K, Austin JW. | Microb Genom | 10.1099/mgen.0.001169 | 2024 | | |
| Advances in understanding the role of gut microbiota in fat deposition and lipid metabolism. | Zhong Y, Lei Y, Jiang S, Chen D, Wang X, Wang K, Liao T, Liao R, Gan M, Niu L, Zhao Y, Chen L, Zhou X, Wang Y, Zhu L, Shen L. | J Anim Sci Biotechnol | 10.1186/s40104-025-01284-9 | 2025 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Antimicrobial Susceptibility of 260 Clostridium botulinum Type A, B, Ba, and Bf Strains and a Neurotoxigenic Clostridium baratii Type F Strain Isolated from California Infant Botulism Patients. | Barash JR, Castles JB, Arnon SS. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/aac.01594-18 | 2018 | |
| Clostridium baratii: a rare case of pneumonia associated with an Alzheimer patient in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. | Lima CO, da Rocha VM, Ferreira EO, Filho JS, Serradas LR, Silva RO, Lobato FC, Domingues RM. | JMM Case Rep | 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005041 | 2016 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Specific Isolation of Clostridium botulinum Group I Cells by Phage Lysin Cell Wall Binding Domain with the Aid of S-Layer Disruption. | Zhang Z, Douillard FP, Korkeala H, Lindstrom M. | Int J Mol Sci | 10.3390/ijms23158391 | 2022 | |
| Unveiling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis complexity: insights from proteomics, metabolomics and microbiomics. | Scarcella S, Brambilla L, Quetti L, Rizzuti M, Melzi V, Galli N, Sali L, Costamagna G, Comi GP, Corti S, Gagliardi D. | Brain Commun | 10.1093/braincomms/fcaf114 | 2025 | | |
| Composition and function of the Galapagos penguin gut microbiome vary with age, location, and a putative bacterial pathogen. | Rohrer SD, Jimenez-Uzcategui G, Parker PG, Chubiz LM. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-023-31826-y | 2023 | | |
| Epilactose as a Promising Butyrate-Promoter Prebiotic via Microbiota Modulation. | Cardoso BB, Amorim C, Franco-Duarte R, Alves JI, Barbosa SG, Silverio SC, Rodrigues LR. | Life (Basel) | 10.3390/life14050643 | 2024 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Identification and characterization of botulinum neurotoxin-like two-component toxins in Paeniclostridium ghonii. | Lee PG, Yin L, Wei X, Shi J, Masuyer G, Wentz TG, Chen P, Xu Y, Liang J, Zhang H, Persson Kosenina S, Lobb B, Mansfield M, Gill SS, Pellett S, Stenmark P, Doxey AC, Dong M. | Sci Adv | 10.1126/sciadv.adx6145 | 2025 | |
| Enzymology | Emphysematous cholecystitis complicating liver abscess due to Clostridium baratii infection. | Huang WC, Lee WS, Chang T, Ou TY, Lam C. | J Microbiol Immunol Infect | 10.1016/j.jmii.2011.12.007 | 2012 | |
| Pathogenicity | Unveiling the overlooked fungi: the vital of gut fungi in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. | Huang Y, Wang Y, Huang X, Yu X. | Gut Pathog | 10.1186/s13099-024-00651-7 | 2024 | |
| Pathogenicity | Unintended consequences: Renaming botulinum neurotoxin-producing species of clostridium and related species. | Luquez C, Halpin JL, Dykes J. | Toxicon | 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107036 | 2023 | |
| Gut bacterial species in late trimester of pregnant sows influence the occurrence of stillborn piglet through pro-inflammation response. | Chen Z, Yang H, Fu H, Wu L, Liu M, Jiang H, Liu Q, Wang Y, Xiong S, Zhou M, Sun X, Chen C, Huang L. | Front Immunol | 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1101130 | 2022 | | |
| A comprehensive analysis of chemical and biological pollutants (natural and anthropogenic origin) of soil and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) samples. | Bogus MI, Wronska AK, Kaczmarek A, Drozdowski M, Laskowski Z, Myczka A, Cybulska A, Golebiowski M, Chwir-Golebiowska A, Siecinska L, Mokijewska E. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0280810 | 2023 | | |
| Enzymology | [Distribution of potential pathogenic bacteria in the Jiulong River Watershed]. | Hou LY, Hu AY, Ma Y, Yu CP. | Huan Jing Ke Xue | 2014 | | |
| Phylogeny | Species-level characterization of the core microbiome in healthy dogs using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. | Rojas CA, Park B, Scarsella E, Jospin G, Entrolezo Z, Jarett JK, Martin A, Ganz HH. | Front Vet Sci | 10.3389/fvets.2024.1405470 | 2024 | |
| Genetics | Comparative genomics of Clostridium butyricum reveals a conserved genome architecture and novel virulence-related gene clusters | Anderson O, Chong J, Thomas G. | Microb Genom | 2025 | | |
| Gut microbiota differences between psoriatic arthritis and other undifferentiated arthritis: A pilot study. | Lin CY, Hsu CY, He HR, Chiang WY, Lin SH, Huang YL, Kuo YH, Su YJ. | Medicine (Baltimore) | 10.1097/md.0000000000029870 | 2022 | | |
| Diagnosing clostridial enteric disease in poultry. | Cooper KK, Songer JG, Uzal FA. | J Vet Diagn Invest | 10.1177/1040638713483468 | 2013 | | |
| Prevalence of Clostridium difficile Isolated from Beef and Chicken Meat Products in Turkey. | Ersoz SS, Cosansu S. | Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour | 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e14 | 2018 | | |
| An unusual odontogenic infection due to Clostridium subterminale in an immunocompetent patient: A case report and review of the literature. | Davis K, Gill D, Mouton CP, Southerland J, Halpern L. | IDCases | 10.1016/j.idcr.2018.03.009 | 2018 | | |
| Genetic characteristics of toxigenic Clostridia and toxin gene evolution. | Popoff MR, Bouvet P. | Toxicon | 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.05.003 | 2013 | | |
| Characterization of Clostridium Baratii Type F Strains Responsible for an Outbreak of Botulism Linked to Beef Meat Consumption in France. | Mazuet C, Legeay C, Sautereau J, Bouchier C, Criscuolo A, Bouvet P, Trehard H, Jourdan Da Silva N, Popoff M. | PLoS Curr | 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.6ed2fe754b58a5c42d0c33d586ffc606 | 2017 | | |
| Clostridium septicum manifests a bile salt germinant response mediated by Clostridioides difficile csp gene orthologs. | Sum R, Lim SJM, Sundaresan A, Samanta S, Swaminathan M, Low W, Ayyappan M, Lim TW, Choo MD, Huang GJ, Cheong I. | Commun Biol | 10.1038/s42003-024-06617-4 | 2024 | | |
| Biofilm-growing intestinal anaerobic bacteria. | Donelli G, Vuotto C, Cardines R, Mastrantonio P. | FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol | 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00962.x | 2012 | | |
| Genetics | Metagenome-assembled genome binning methods with short reads disproportionately fail for plasmids and genomic Islands. | Maguire F, Jia B, Gray KL, Lau WYV, Beiko RG, Brinkman FSL. | Microb Genom | 10.1099/mgen.0.000436 | 2020 | |
| Epidemiological Characteristics and Clinical Manifestations of Brucellosis and Q Fever Among Humans from Northeastern Inner Mongolia. | Ta N, Mi J, Li X, Guo W, Yu G, Li G, Pang S, Bai W, Liu Q, Zhao H, Wei G, Fan M, Wen Y. | Infect Drug Resist | 10.2147/idr.s381370 | 2022 | | |
| Infant Botulism: Checklist for Timely Clinical Diagnosis and New Possible Risk Factors Originated from a Case Report and Literature Review. | Dilena R, Pozzato M, Baselli L, Chidini G, Barbieri S, Scalfaro C, Finazzi G, Lonati D, Locatelli CA, Cappellari A, Anniballi F. | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins13120860 | 2021 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Toxigenic Profile of Clostridium perfringens Strains Isolated from Natural Ingredient Laboratory Animal Diets. | Johnston MD, Whiteside TE, Allen ME, Kurtz DM. | Comp Med | 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000013 | 2022 | |
| Phylogeny | [The new microbiological hazards in food]. | Sciezynska H, Mackiw E, Maka L, Pawlowska K. | Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig | 2012 | | |
| Enzymology | Clostridium baratii bacteremia associated with Kawasaki syndrome. First case report. | Iaria C, Stassi G, Salpietro DC, La Mazza A, Silipigni L, Arena A, Costa GB, Cascio A. | New Microbiol | 2007 | | |
| Evolution of Phage Tail Sheath Protein. | Evseev P, Shneider M, Miroshnikov K. | Viruses | 10.3390/v14061148 | 2022 | | |
| Human and animal botulism surveillance in France from 2008 to 2019. | Le Bouquin S, Lucas C, Souillard R, Le Marechal C, Petit K, Kooh P, Jourdan-Da Silva N, Meurens F, Guillier L, Mazuet C. | Front Public Health | 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1003917 | 2022 | | |
| Enzymology | Development of real-time PCR tests for detecting botulinum neurotoxins A, B, E, F producing Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium baratii and Clostridium butyricum. | Fach P, Micheau P, Mazuet C, Perelle S, Popoff M. | J Appl Microbiol | 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04215.x | 2009 | |
| Adult Intestinal Botulism: A Rare Presentation in an Immunocompromised Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome. | Guru PK, Becker TL, Stephens A, Cannistraro RJ, Eidelman BH, Hata DJ, Brumble L. | Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes | 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2018.06.005 | 2018 | | |
| Phylogeny | Two simultaneous botulism outbreaks in Barcelona: Clostridium baratii and Clostridium botulinum. | Lafuente S, Nolla J, Valdezate S, Tortajada C, Vargas-Leguas H, Parron I, Saez-Nieto JA, Portana S, Carrasco G, Moguel E, Sabate S, Argelich R, Cayla JA. | Epidemiol Infect | 10.1017/s0950268812002592 | 2013 | |
| Pathogenicity | Botulinum Toxin: A Comprehensive Review of Its Molecular Architecture and Mechanistic Action. | Kumar R, Singh BR. | Int J Mol Sci | 10.3390/ijms26020777 | 2025 | |
| Clostridium botulinum Type B Isolated From a Wound Botulism Case Due to Injection Drug Use Resembles Other Local Strains Originating From Hawaii. | Halpin JL, Foltz V, Dykes JK, Chatham-Stephens K, Luquez C. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2021.678473 | 2021 | | |
| The Isolation of Culturable Bacteria in Ixodes ricinus Ticks of a Belgian Peri-Urban Forest Uncovers Opportunistic Bacteria Potentially Important for Public Health. | Rousseau R, Vanwambeke SO, Boland C, Mori M. | Int J Environ Res Public Health | 10.3390/ijerph182212134 | 2021 | | |
| Integration of Complete Plasmids Containing Bont Genes into Chromosomes of Clostridium parabotulinum, Clostridium sporogenes, and Clostridium argentinense. | Smith TJ, Tian R, Imanian B, Williamson CHD, Johnson SL, Daligault HE, Schill KM. | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins13070473 | 2021 | | |
| Host-Gut Microbiome Metabolic Interactions in PFAS-Impacted Freshwater Turtles (Emydura macquarii macquarii). | Beale DJ, Nguyen TV, Shah RM, Bissett A, Nahar A, Smith M, Gonzalez-Astudillo V, Braun C, Baddiley B, Vardy S. | Metabolites | 10.3390/metabo12080747 | 2022 | | |
| Enzymology | Characterizing the fecal microbiota of infants with botulism. | Shirey TB, Dykes JK, Luquez C, Maslanka SE, Raphael BH. | Microbiome | 10.1186/s40168-015-0119-0 | 2015 | |
| The Effect of Gaseous Ozone in Infected Root Canal. | Ajeti NN, Pustina-Krasniqi T, Apostolska S. | Open Access Maced J Med Sci | 10.3889/oamjms.2018.102 | 2018 | | |
| Evaluation of the microbiological and chemical aspects of autochthonous wild snails in Sardinia. | Coroneo V, Marras L, Giaccone V, Conficoni D, Brignardello SAS, Bissacco E, Trapella C, Alogna A, Gentili V, Parisi A, Loi F, Cappai S, Pisanu M, Cogoni MP. | Ital J Food Saf | 10.4081/ijfs.2022.10289 | 2022 | | |
| Genetics | Comparative Genomics Provides Insights Into Genetic Diversity of Clostridium tyrobutyricum and Potential Implications for Late Blowing Defects in Cheese. | Podrzaj L, Burtscher J, Domig KJ. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889551 | 2022 | |
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| A multi-omics analysis for the prediction of neurocognitive disorders risk among the elderly in Macao. | Han Y, Quan X, Chuang Y, Liang Q, Li Y, Yuan Z, Bian Y, Wei L, Wang J, Zhao Y. | Clin Transl Med | 10.1002/ctm2.909 | 2022 | | |
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| Serotype Features of 17 Suspected Cases of Foodborne Botulism in China 2019-2022 Revealed by a Multiplex Immuno-Endopep-MS Method. | Wang J, Xu H, Zhang C, Chen J, Wang C, Li X, Zhang Y, Xie J. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869874 | 2022 | | |
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| Pathogenicity | Adult botulism type F in the United States, 1981-2002. | Gupta A, Sumner CJ, Castor M, Maslanka S, Sobel J. | Neurology | 10.1212/01.wnl.0000187127.92446.4c | 2005 | |
| Detection of Active BoNT/C and D by EndoPep-MS Using MALDI Biotyper Instrument and Comparison with the Mouse Test Bioassay. | Drigo I, Tonon E, Pascoletti S, Anniballi F, Kalb SR, Bano L. | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins13010010 | 2020 | | |
| Persistent neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to infantile botulism. | Breinbjerg A, Rittig S, Kamperis K. | BMJ Case Rep | 10.1136/bcr-2013-202077 | 2014 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Overview of Bacterial Protein Toxins from Pathogenic Bacteria: Mode of Action and Insights into Evolution. | Popoff MR. | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins16040182 | 2024 | |
| Phylogeny | Composition of gut and oropharynx bacterial communities in Rattus norvegicus and Suncus murinus in China. | He WQ, Xiong YQ, Ge J, Chen YX, Chen XJ, Zhong XS, Ou ZJ, Gao YH, Cheng MJ, Mo Y, Wen YQ, Qiu M, Huo ST, Chen SW, Zheng XY, He H, Li YZ, You FF, Zhang MY, Chen Q. | BMC Vet Res | 10.1186/s12917-020-02619-6 | 2020 | |
| Comparison of microbial communities in swine manure at various temperatures and storage times. | Lim JS, Yang SH, Kim BS, Lee EY. | Asian-Australas J Anim Sci | 10.5713/ajas.17.0704 | 2018 | | |
| Extensive Genome Exploration of Clostridium botulinum Group III Field Strains. | Fillo S, Giordani F, Tonon E, Drigo I, Anselmo A, Fortunato A, Lista F, Bano L. | Microorganisms | 10.3390/microorganisms9112347 | 2021 | | |
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| Cell-Based Reporter Release Assay to Determine the Potency of Proteolytic Bacterial Neurotoxins. | Pathe-Neuschafer-Rube A, Neuschafer-Rube F, Haas G, Langoth-Fehringer N, Puschel GP. | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins10090360 | 2018 | | |
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| Enzymology | Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens Occurrence in Kazakh Honey Samples. | Maikanov B, Mustafina R, Auteleyeva L, Wisniewski J, Anusz K, Grenda T, Kwiatek K, Goldsztejn M, Grabczak M. | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins11080472 | 2019 | |
| Microbial community dynamics during alfalfa silage with or without clostridial fermentation. | Li R, Jiang D, Zheng M, Tian P, Zheng M, Xu C. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-020-74958-1 | 2020 | | |
| Enzymology | A synthetic consortium of 100 gut commensals modulates the composition and function in a colon model of the microbiome of elderly subjects. | Perez M, Ntemiri A, Tan H, Harris HMB, Roager HM, Ribiere C, O'Toole PW. | Gut Microbes | 10.1080/19490976.2021.1919464 | 2021 | |
| Phylogeny | Pulsotype Diversity of Clostridium botulinum Strains Containing Serotypes A and/or B Genes. | Halpin JL, Joseph L, Dykes JK, McCroskey L, Smith E, Toney D, Stroika S, Hise K, Maslanka S, Luquez C. | Foodborne Pathog Dis | 10.1089/fpd.2017.2280 | 2017 | |
| Genetics | Machine Learning Leveraging Genomes from Metagenomes Identifies Influential Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Infant Gut Microbiome. | Rahman SF, Olm MR, Morowitz MJ, Banfield JF. | mSystems | 10.1128/msystems.00123-17 | 2018 | |
| Gut microbiota in regulatory T cell generation and function: mechanisms and health implications. | Sharma A, Sharma G, Im SH. | Gut Microbes | 10.1080/19490976.2025.2516702 | 2025 | | |
| Pan-Genomic Analysis of Clostridium botulinum Group II (Non-Proteolytic C. botulinum) Associated with Foodborne Botulism and Isolated from the Environment. | Brunt J, van Vliet AHM, Stringer SC, Carter AT, Lindstrom M, Peck MW. | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins12050306 | 2020 | | |
| A large outbreak of bovine botulism possibly linked to a massive contamination of grass silage by type D/C Clostridium botulinum spores on a farm with dairy and poultry operations. | Relun A, Dorso L, Douart A, Chartier C, Guatteo R, Mazuet C, Popoff MR, Assie S. | Epidemiol Infect | 10.1017/s0950268817002382 | 2017 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Embracing the Versatility of Botulinum Neurotoxins in Conventional and New Therapeutic Applications. | Rasetti-Escargueil C, Palea S. | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins16060261 | 2024 | |
| Genetics | Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: 'Clostridium amazonitimonense', 'Clostridium merdae', 'Clostridium massilidielmoense' and 'Clostridium nigeriense'. | Alou MT, Ndongo S, Fregere L, Labas N, Andrieu C, Richez M, Couderc C, Baudoin JP, Abrahao J, Brah S, Diallo A, Sokhna C, Cassir N, La Scola B, Cadoret F, Raoult D. | New Microbes New Infect | 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.11.003 | 2018 | |
| Maternal amoxicillin affects piglets colon microbiota: microbial ecology and metabolomics in a gut model. | Nissen L, Aniballi C, Casciano F, Elmi A, Ventrella D, Zannoni A, Gianotti A, Bacci ML. | Appl Microbiol Biotechnol | 10.1007/s00253-022-12223-3 | 2022 | | |
| Biotechnology | Human Botulism in France, 1875-2016. | Rasetti-Escargueil C, Lemichez E, Popoff MR. | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins12050338 | 2020 | |
| Botulism in Italy, 1986 to 2015. | Anniballi F, Auricchio B, Fiore A, Lonati D, Locatelli CA, Lista F, Fillo S, Mandarino G, De Medici D. | Euro Surveill | 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.24.30550 | 2017 | | |
| Development of a multiplex Endopep-MS assay for simultaneous detection of botulinum toxins A, B and E. | Rosen O, Feldberg L, Yamin TS, Dor E, Barnea A, Weissberg A, Zichel R. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-017-14911-x | 2017 | | |
| Genomic sequences of six botulinum neurotoxin-producing strains representing three clostridial species illustrate the mobility and diversity of botulinum neurotoxin genes. | Smith TJ, Hill KK, Xie G, Foley BT, Williamson CHD, Foster JT, Johnson SL, Chertkov O, Teshima H, Gibbons HS, Johnsky LA, Karavis MA, Smith LA. | Infect Genet Evol | 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.12.002 | 2015 | | |
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| Biotechnology | Multiplex PCR for detection of botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia in clinical, food, and environmental samples. | De Medici D, Anniballi F, Wyatt GM, Lindstrom M, Messelhausser U, Aldus CF, Delibato E, Korkeala H, Peck MW, Fenicia L. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.00805-09 | 2009 | |
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| Pathogenicity | Fatal course of foodborne botulism in an eight-month old infant. | Lonati D, Locatelli CA, Fenicia L, Anniballi F, Landri P, Giampreti A, Petrolini VM, Vecchio S, Manzo L. | Pediatr Rep | 10.4081/pr.2011.e31 | 2011 | |
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| Toxemia in Human Naturally Acquired Botulism. | Rasetti-Escargueil C, Lemichez E, Popoff MR. | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins12110716 | 2020 | | |
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| Metabolism | Regulation of Botulinum Neurotoxin Synthesis and Toxin Complex Formation by Arginine and Glucose in Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502. | Fredrick CM, Lin G, Johnson EA. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.00642-17 | 2017 | |
| Genetic diversity of the flagellin genes of Clostridium botulinum groups I and II. | Woudstra C, Lambert D, Anniballi F, De Medici D, Austin J, Fach P. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.00686-13 | 2013 | | |
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| Development of a Cell-Based Functional Assay for the Detection of Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin Types A and E. | Basavanna U, Muruvanda T, Brown EW, Sharma SK. | Int J Microbiol | 10.1155/2013/593219 | 2013 | | |
| Enzymology | SYBR green real-time PCR method to detect Clostridium botulinum type A. | Fenicia L, Anniballi F, De Medici D, Delibato E, Aureli P. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.02234-06 | 2007 | |
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| Pathogenicity | Clostridium botulinum type C, D, C/D, and D/C: An update. | Meurens F, Carlin F, Federighi M, Filippitzi ME, Fournier M, Fravalo P, Ganiere JP, Grisot L, Guillier L, Hilaire D, Kooh P, Le Bouquin-Leneveu S, Le Marechal C, Mazuet C, Morvan H, Petit K, Vaillancourt JP, Woudstra C. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1099184 | 2022 | |
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| Genetics | Multi-kingdom microbiota analyses identify bacterial-fungal interactions and biomarkers of colorectal cancer across cohorts. | Liu NN, Jiao N, Tan JC, Wang Z, Wu D, Wang AJ, Chen J, Tao L, Zhou C, Fang W, Cheong IH, Pan W, Liao W, Kozlakidis Z, Heeschen C, Moore GG, Zhu L, Chen X, Zhang G, Zhu R, Wang H. | Nat Microbiol | 10.1038/s41564-021-01030-7 | 2022 | |
| The Distinctive Evolution of orfX Clostridium parabotulinum Strains and Their Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A and F Gene Clusters Is Influenced by Environmental Factors and Gene Interactions via Mobile Genetic Elements. | Smith TJ, Williamson CHD, Hill KK, Johnson SL, Xie G, Anniballi F, Auricchio B, Fernandez RA, Caballero PA, Keim P, Sahl JW. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2021.566908 | 2021 | | |
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| Genetic Characterization of the Exceptionally High Heat Resistance of the Non-toxic Surrogate Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679. | Butler RR, Schill KM, Wang Y, Pombert JF. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00545 | 2017 | | |
| Enzymology | Identification and characterization of a 20beta-HSDH from the anaerobic gut bacterium Butyricicoccus desmolans ATCC 43058. | Devendran S, Mendez-Garcia C, Ridlon JM. | J Lipid Res | 10.1194/jlr.m074914 | 2017 | |
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| Co-occurrence of Campylobacter Species in Children From Eastern Ethiopia, and Their Association With Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Diarrhea, and Host Microbiome. | Terefe Y, Deblais L, Ghanem M, Helmy YA, Mummed B, Chen D, Singh N, Ahyong V, Kalantar K, Yimer G, Yousuf Hassen J, Mohammed A, McKune SL, Manary MJ, Ordiz MI, Gebreyes W, Havelaar AH, Rajashekara G. | Front Public Health | 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00099 | 2020 | | |
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| Type F botulism due to neurotoxigenic Clostridium baratii from an unknown source in an adult. | McCroskey LM, Hatheway CL, Woodruff BA, Greenberg JA, Jurgenson P. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.29.11.2618-2620.1991 | 1991 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Botulinum neurotoxin subtype A2 enters neuronal cells faster than subtype A1. | Pier CL, Chen C, Tepp WH, Lin G, Janda KD, Barbieri JT, Pellett S, Johnson EA. | FEBS Lett | 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.11.045 | 2011 | |
| Metabolism | Discovery of a novel enzymatic cleavage site for botulinum neurotoxin F5. | Kalb SR, Baudys J, Webb RP, Wright P, Smith TJ, Smith LA, Fernandez R, Raphael BH, Maslanka SE, Pirkle JL, Barr JR. | FEBS Lett | 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.11.033 | 2012 | |
| Enzymology | Identification and genetic characterization of Clostridium botulinum serotype A strains from commercially pasteurized carrot juice. | Marshall KM, Nowaczyk L, Raphael BH, Skinner GE, Rukma Reddy N. | Food Microbiol | 10.1016/j.fm.2014.05.009 | 2014 | |
| Noncosmetic periocular therapeutic applications of botulinum toxin. | Kaynak-Hekimhan P. | Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol | 10.4103/0974-9233.63069 | 2010 | | |
| Metabolism | Contribution of the 7beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Ruminococcus gnavus N53 to ursodeoxycholic acid formation in the human colon. | Lee JY, Arai H, Nakamura Y, Fukiya S, Wada M, Yokota A. | J Lipid Res | 10.1194/jlr.m039834 | 2013 | |
| Phylogeny | Genetic Diversity of Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679 Isolates Obtained from Different Sources as Resolved by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and High-Throughput Sequencing. | Schill KM, Wang Y, Butler RR, Pombert JF, Reddy NR, Skinner GE, Larkin JW. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.02616-15 | 2016 | |
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| Phylogeny | A wide variety of Clostridium perfringens type A food-borne isolates that carry a chromosomal cpe gene belong to one multilocus sequence typing cluster. | Xiao Y, Wagendorp A, Moezelaar R, Abee T, Wells-Bennik MH. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.01486-12 | 2012 | |
| Pathogenicity | Crystal structure of Clostridium botulinum whole hemagglutinin reveals a huge triskelion-shaped molecular complex. | Amatsu S, Sugawara Y, Matsumura T, Kitadokoro K, Fujinaga Y. | J Biol Chem | 10.1074/jbc.m113.521179 | 2013 | |
| Pathogenicity | Characterization of botulinum neurotoxin A subtypes 1 through 5 by investigation of activities in mice, in neuronal cell cultures, and in vitro. | Whitemarsh RC, Tepp WH, Bradshaw M, Lin G, Pier CL, Scherf JM, Johnson EA, Pellett S. | Infect Immun | 10.1128/iai.00536-13 | 2013 | |
| Metabolism | Characterization of the neurotoxin isolated from a Clostridium baratii strain implicated in infant botulism. | Gimenez JA, Gimenez MA, DasGupta BR. | Infect Immun | 10.1128/iai.60.2.518-522.1992 | 1992 | |
| Immunization of mice with the non-toxic HC50 domain of botulinum neurotoxin presented by rabies virus particles induces a strong immune response affording protection against high-dose botulinum neurotoxin challenge. | Mustafa W, Al-Saleem FH, Nasser Z, Olson RM, Mattis JA, Simpson LL, Schnell MJ. | Vaccine | 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.045 | 2011 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Antibodies and Vaccines against Botulinum Toxins: Available Measures and Novel Approaches. | Rasetti-Escargueil C, Popoff MR. | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins11090528 | 2019 | |
| Neurotoxin gene clusters in Clostridium botulinum type Ab strains. | Luquez C, Raphael BH, Maslanka SE. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.01009-09 | 2009 | | |
| Eight-plex PCR and liquid-array detection of bacterial and viral pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with suspected meningitis. | Boving MK, Pedersen LN, Moller JK. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.01966-08 | 2009 | | |
| Phylogeny | Clostridium botulinum group III: a group with dual identity shaped by plasmids, phages and mobile elements. | Skarin H, Hafstrom T, Westerberg J, Segerman B. | BMC Genomics | 10.1186/1471-2164-12-185 | 2011 | |
| Phylogeny | Analysis of the unexplored features of rrs (16S rDNA) of the Genus Clostridium. | Kalia VC, Mukherjee T, Bhushan A, Joshi J, Shankar P, Huma N. | BMC Genomics | 10.1186/1471-2164-12-18 | 2011 | |
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BacDive in 2025: the core database for prokaryotic strain data
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