Clostridium acetobutylicum (DSM 1731, ATCC 4259, NCIMB 619)

Name: Clostridium acetobutylicum (DSM 1731, ATCC 4259, NCIMB 619)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 2530

Type strain

Strain Designation 2289, McClung, T, 2289, McClung

Culture col. no. DSM 1731 ATCC 4259 NCIMB 619 2289 McClung 5 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 991791 1488

Special Collections DSMZ JCM

History DSMZ <- NCIB <- NCTC (Clostridium acetonigenum) <- A. C. Thaysen, Royal Naval Cordite Factory, Bacteriological Laboratory, Holton Heath, U.K. (Bacillus butyricus) JCM <-- IAM 19012 <-- S. Sugama <-- ATCC 4259 <-- NCTC 619 <-- A. C. Thaysen ("Bacillus butyricus").

Links

Clostridium acetobutylicum 2289 is an anaerobe bacterium that produces alcohol.

alcohol production anaerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 264257

ATCC 4259,NCTC 619,NCIB 619,DSM 1731,JCM 7829,IAM 19012,NCIMB 619,NCDO1712,LMD 22.10,KCTC 1037,KCTC 1789,NCCB 22010,BCRC 10640,CCRC 10640

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:25:29

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Clostridia

Order Eubacteriales

Family Clostridiaceae

Genus Clostridium

Species Clostridium acetobutylicum

Full scientific name Clostridium acetobutylicum McCoy et al. 1926 (Approved Lists 1980)

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Clostridium acetobutylicum** (60)	Type strain
2529	C. acetobutylicum 2291, W, DSM 792, ATCC 824, VKM B-1787, CCUG ... (type strain)
2531	C. acetobutylicum Weizman, DSM 1732, NCIMB 2951
2532	C. acetobutylicum DSM 1733, NCIMB 6441, Wisconsin B-3
2533	C. acetobutylicum 462, H, DSM 1737, ATCC 3625
2534	C. acetobutylicum McClung 2288, 48, DSM 1738, ATCC 8529
2536	C. acetobutylicum B-11-3, DSM 6228, ATCC 39236
165664	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7960, IAM 19017
165665	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7961, IAM 19018
165666	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7962, IAM 19019
165667	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7963, IAM 19020
165668	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7964, IAM 19021
165669	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7965, IAM 19022
165670	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7966, IAM 19023
165671	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7967, IAM 19024
165672	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7969, IAM 19026
165673	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7970, IAM 19028
165674	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7971, IAM 19029
165675	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7973, IAM 19031
165676	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7975, IAM 19033
165677	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7977, IAM 19036
165678	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7978, IAM 19037
165679	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7979, IAM 19038
165680	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7980, IAM 19039
165681	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7982, IAM 19041
165682	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7983, IAM 19043
165683	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7984, IAM 19044
165684	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7985, IAM 19045
165686	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7987, IAM 19047
165687	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7988, IAM 19048
165688	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7989, IAM 19049
165690	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7991, IAM 19051
165691	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7992, IAM 19053
165692	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7993, IAM 19055
165693	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7994, IAM 19056
165694	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7995, IAM 19058
165695	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7996, IAM 19059
165697	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7998, IAM 19061
165698	C. acetobutylicum JCM 7999, IAM 19062
165699	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8000, IAM 19063
165700	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8001, IAM 19065
165701	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8002, IAM 19066
165702	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8003, IAM 19069
165703	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8004, IAM 19071
165704	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8005, IAM 19073
165705	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8006, IAM 19074
165706	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8007, IAM 19075
165707	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8008, IAM 19078
165708	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8009, IAM 19080
165709	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8010, IAM 19081
165710	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8011, IAM 19083
165711	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8012, IAM 19084
165712	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8013, IAM 19085
165713	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8014, IAM 19087
165714	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8015, IAM 19088
165715	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8016, IAM 19089
165716	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8017, IAM 19090
165717	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8019, IAM 19100
165718	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8020, IAM 19103
165719	C. acetobutylicum JCM 8021, IAM 19104
179141	C. acetobutylicum IMET 10869, STI10869

Morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Medium link	Composition
886	CLOSTRIDIUM ACETOBUTYLICUM MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 411)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: CLOSTRIDIUM ACETOBUTYLICUM MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 411) Composition: Potato 200.0 g/l D-Glucose 6.0 g/l CaCO3 2.0 g/l L-Cysteine HCl x H2O 0.5 g/l Sodium resazurin 0.0005 g/l Distilled water

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
886	positive	growth	37
67770	positive	growth	37

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
886	anaerobe
125439	facultative anaerobe	98.027

Compound production

@ref	Compound
886	acetone
886	n butanol

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
67770	15347 ChEBI	acetone
67770	28885 ChEBI	n-butanol

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
886	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM21885v1 assembly for Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 1731	complete	GCA_000218855	991791.3	650716024	991791	98.14

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
20218	C.acetobutylicum (DSM 1731) 16S rRNA	X78071	1455		991791
67770	Clostridium beijerinckii gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 7829	LC071788	1473		1520

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: ASM21885v1 assembly for Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 1731
BV-BRC: 991791.3

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	facultative anaerobe	98.03	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	positive	65.34	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	69.93	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	74.10	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 1731 DSM 1731
NCBI: GCA_000218855.1

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	71.52	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	yes	84.78	yes
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	96.11	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	yes	82.06	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	91.78	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	79.46	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	The Effect of Technological Conditions on ABE Fermentation and Butanol Production of Rye Straw and the Composition of Volatile Compounds.	Dziemianowicz W, Kotarska K, Swierczynska A.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules29143398	2024
	Species-specific ribosomal RNA-FISH identifies interspecies cellular-material exchange, active-cell population dynamics and cellular localization of translation machinery in clostridial cultures and co-cultures.	Hill JD, Hill JD, Papoutsakis ET.	mSystems	10.1128/msystems.00572-24	2024
	Strongyloides stercoralis infection reduces Fusicatenibacter and Anaerostipes in the gut and increases bacterial amino-acid metabolism in early-stage chronic kidney disease.	Tran NTD, Chaidee A, Surapinit A, Yingklang M, Roytrakul S, Charoenlappanit S, Pinlaor P, Hongsrichan N, Nguyen Thi H, Anutrakulchai S, Cha'on U, Pinlaor S.	Heliyon	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19859	2023
	Detection of Clostridium sporogenes in a Roman-era cattle mass grave at Vilauba.	Myburgh DA, da Silva NA, Haller-Caskie M, Colominas L, Castanyer P, Frigola J, Tremoleda J, Holzel C, Unterweger D, Nebel A, Krause-Kyora B.	Virulence	10.1080/21505594.2025.2580731	2025
	Chromosomal engineering of inducible isopropanol- butanol-ethanol production in Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Omorotionmwan BB, Wang H, Baker JP, Gizynski K, Yoo M, Akaluka C, Zhang Y, Minton NP.	Front Bioeng Biotechnol	10.3389/fbioe.2023.1218099	2023
Genetics	synDNA-a Synthetic DNA Spike-in Method for Absolute Quantification of Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing.	Zaramela LS, Tjuanta M, Moyne O, Neal M, Zengler K.	mSystems	10.1128/msystems.00447-22	2022
	Effect of salts formed by neutralization for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation.	Yang M, Wang J, Nan Y, Zhang J, Li L, Liu G, Vepsalainen J, Kuittinen S, Pappinen A.	RSC Adv	10.1039/c9ra06869d	2019
Metabolism	Comparative assessment of the therapeutic drug targets of C. botulinum ATCC 3502 and C. difficile str. 630 using in silico subtractive proteomics approach.	Bhardwaj T, Haque S, Somvanshi P.	J Cell Biochem	10.1002/jcb.28897	2019
Metabolism	RRNPP-type quorum sensing affects solvent formation and sporulation in Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Kotte AK, Severn O, Bean Z, Schwarz K, Minton NP, Winzer K.	Microbiology (Reading)	10.1099/mic.0.000916	2020
Genetics	In silico identification of molecular mimics involved in the pathogenesis of Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502 strain.	Bhardwaj T, Haque S, Somvanshi P.	Microb Pathog	10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.017	2018
Metabolism	Elucidating the contributions of multiple aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenases to butanol and ethanol production in Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Dai Z, Dong H, Zhang Y, Li Y.	Sci Rep	10.1038/srep28189	2016
Enzymology	A CRISPR/Anti-CRISPR Genome Editing Approach Underlines the Synergy of Butanol Dehydrogenases in Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 792.	Wasels F, Chartier G, Hocq R, Lopes Ferreira N.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00408-20	2020
	Co-feeding glucose with either gluconate or galacturonate during clostridial fermentations provides metabolic fine-tuning capabilities.	Zu TNK, Liu S, Gerlach ES, Mojadedi W, Sund CJ.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-020-76761-4	2021
	Isopropanol biosynthesis from crude glycerol using fatty acid precursors via engineered oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica.	Shi X, Park HM, Kim M, Lee ME, Jeong WY, Chang J, Cho BH, Han SO.	Microb Cell Fact	10.1186/s12934-022-01890-6	2022
Phylogeny	Variability in DPA and Calcium Content in the Spores of Clostridium Species.	Jamroskovic J, Chromikova Z, List C, Bartova B, Barak I, Bernier-Latmani R.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2016.01791	2016
Pathogenicity	The role of small acid-soluble proteins (SASPs) in protection of spores of Clostridium botulinum against nitrous acid.	Meaney CA, Cartman ST, McClure PJ, Minton NP.	Int J Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.08.024	2016
	Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium pasteurianum NRRL B-598, a Potential Butanol or Hydrogen Producer.	Kolek J, Sedlar K, Provaznik I, Patakova P.	Genome Announc	10.1128/genomea.00192-14	2014
Pathogenicity	Identification and characterization of two functionally unknown genes involved in butanol tolerance of Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Jia K, Zhang Y, Li Y.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0038815	2012
Metabolism	Hydrolysis of synthetic polyesters by Clostridium botulinum esterases.	Perz V, Baumschlager A, Bleymaier K, Zitzenbacher S, Hromic A, Steinkellner G, Pairitsch A, Lyskowski A, Gruber K, Sinkel C, Kuper U, Ribitsch D, Guebitz GM.	Biotechnol Bioeng	10.1002/bit.25874	2016
Metabolism	Functional csdA is needed for effective adaptation and initiation of growth of Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502 at suboptimal temperature.	Soderholm H, Derman Y, Lindstrom M, Korkeala H.	Int J Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.05.013	2015
Genetics	Mutant generation by allelic exchange and genome resequencing of the biobutanol organism Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824.	Ehsaan M, Kuit W, Zhang Y, Cartman ST, Heap JT, Winzer K, Minton NP.	Biotechnol Biofuels	10.1186/s13068-015-0410-0	2016
	Clostridium acetobutylicum grows vegetatively in a biofilm rich in heteropolysaccharides and cytoplasmic proteins.	Liu D, Yang Z, Chen Y, Zhuang W, Niu H, Wu J, Ying H.	Biotechnol Biofuels	10.1186/s13068-018-1316-4	2018
	Biobutanol production from underutilized substrates using Clostridium: Unlocking untapped potential for sustainable energy development.	Nabila DS, Chan R, Syamsuri RRP, Nurlilasari P, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Ozturk AB, Rossiana N, Doni F.	Curr Res Microb Sci	10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100250	2024
Metabolism	Optimal spore germination in Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502 requires the presence of functional copies of SleB and YpeB, but not CwlJ.	Meaney CA, Cartman ST, McClure PJ, Minton NP.	Anaerobe	10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.04.015	2015
	Cryo-EM identifies F-ENA of Bacillus thuringiensis as a widespread family of endospore appendages across Firmicutes.	Sleutel M, Sogues A, Van Gerven N, Jonsmoen UL, Van Molle I, Fislage M, Theunissen LD, Bellis NF, Baquero DP, Egelman EH, Krupovic M, Wang F, Aspholm M, Remaut H.	Nat Commun	10.1038/s41467-025-62896-3	2025
Metabolism	Role of csp genes in NaCl, pH, and ethanol stress response and motility in Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502.	Derman Y, Soderholm H, Lindstrom M, Korkeala H.	Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.fm.2014.09.004	2015
	The two-component system CBO2306/CBO2307 is important for cold adaptation of Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502.	Derman Y, Isokallio M, Lindstrom M, Korkeala H.	Int J Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.06.004	2013
Genetics	Reliable and Scalable Identification and Prioritization of Putative Cellulolytic Anaerobes With Large Genome Data.	Wang Y, Li L, Xia Y, Zhang T.	Front Bioinform	10.3389/fbinf.2022.813771	2022
Metabolism	Engineering Clostridial Aldehyde/Alcohol Dehydrogenase for Selective Butanol Production.	Cho C, Hong S, Moon HG, Jang YS, Kim D, Lee SY.	mBio	10.1128/mbio.02683-18	2019
	Current progress on engineering microbial strains and consortia for production of cellulosic butanol through consolidated bioprocessing.	Re A, Mazzoli R.	Microb Biotechnol	10.1111/1751-7915.14148	2023
	One-pot production of butyl butyrate from glucose using a cognate "diamond-shaped" E. coli consortium.	Sinumvayo JP, Zhao C, Liu G, Li Y, Zhang Y.	Bioresour Bioprocess	10.1186/s40643-021-00372-8	2021
Genetics	Towards continuous industrial bioprocessing with solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia: challenges, progress and perspectives.	Vees CA, Neuendorf CS, Pflugl S.	J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s10295-020-02296-2	2020
	n-Butanol derived from biochemical and chemical routes: A review.	Ndaba B, Chiyanzu I, Marx S.	Biotechnol Rep (Amst)	10.1016/j.btre.2015.08.001	2015
Metabolism	cspB encodes a major cold shock protein in Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502.	Soderholm H, Lindstrom M, Somervuo P, Heap J, Minton N, Linden J, Korkeala H.	Int J Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.033	2011
Proteome	Complex and extensive post-transcriptional regulation revealed by integrative proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of metabolite stress response in Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Venkataramanan KP, Min L, Hou S, Jones SW, Ralston MT, Lee KH, Papoutsakis ET.	Biotechnol Biofuels	10.1186/s13068-015-0260-9	2015
Phylogeny	Microbial solvent formation revisited by comparative genome analysis.	Poehlein A, Solano JDM, Flitsch SK, Krabben P, Winzer K, Reid SJ, Jones DT, Green E, Minton NP, Daniel R, Durre P.	Biotechnol Biofuels	10.1186/s13068-017-0742-z	2017
	Comparative shotgun proteomic analysis of Clostridium acetobutylicum from butanol fermentation using glucose and xylose.	Sivagnanam K, Raghavan VG, Shah M, Hettich RL, Verberkmoes NC, Lefsrud MG.	Proteome Sci	10.1186/1477-5956-9-66	2011
	Developing controllable hypermutable Clostridium cells through manipulating its methyl-directed mismatch repair system.	Luan G, Cai Z, Gong F, Dong H, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Li Y.	Protein Cell	10.1007/s13238-013-3079-9	2013
Metabolism	Genome mining for ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) in anaerobic bacteria.	Letzel AC, Pidot SJ, Hertweck C.	BMC Genomics	10.1186/1471-2164-15-983	2014
Metabolism	One size does not fit all - Trehalose metabolism by Clostridioides difficile is variable across the five phylogenetic lineages.	Marshall A, McGrath JW, Mitchell M, Fanning S, McMullan G.	Microb Genom	10.1099/mgen.0.001110	2023
	A roadmap for gene system development in Clostridium.	Minton NP, Ehsaan M, Humphreys CM, Little GT, Baker J, Henstra AM, Liew F, Kelly ML, Sheng L, Schwarz K, Zhang Y.	Anaerobe	10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.05.011	2016
	Expression of Genes for a Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide-Binding Oxidoreductase and a Methyltransferase from Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum Is Necessary for Biosynthesis of 10-Methyl Stearic Acid from Oleic Acid in Escherichia coli.	Machida S, Bakku RK, Suzuki I.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2017.02061	2017
Genetics	The Absence of C-5 DNA Methylation in Leishmania donovani Allows DNA Enrichment from Complex Samples.	Cuypers B, Dumetz F, Meysman P, Laukens K, De Muylder G, Dujardin JC, Domagalska MA.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms8081252	2020
	Complete genome sequence of Paenibacillus sp. strain JDR-2.	Chow V, Nong G, St John FJ, Rice JD, Dickstein E, Chertkov O, Bruce D, Detter C, Brettin T, Han J, Woyke T, Pitluck S, Nolan M, Pati A, Martin J, Copeland A, Land ML, Goodwin L, Jones JB, Ingram LO, Shanmugam KT, Preston JF.	Stand Genomic Sci	10.4056/sigs.2374349	2012
	Pathway dissection, regulation, engineering and application: lessons learned from biobutanol production by solventogenic clostridia.	Li S, Huang L, Ke C, Pang Z, Liu L.	Biotechnol Biofuels	10.1186/s13068-020-01674-3	2020
Metabolism	Saccharification of rice straw by cellulase from a local Trichoderma harzianum SNRS3 for biobutanol production.	Rahnama N, Foo HL, Abdul Rahman NA, Ariff A, Md Shah UK.	BMC Biotechnol	10.1186/s12896-014-0103-y	2014
Metabolism	Positive regulation of botulinum neurotoxin gene expression by CodY in Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502.	Zhang Z, Dahlsten E, Korkeala H, Lindstrom M.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02838-14	2014
Metabolism	NIBBS-search for fast and accurate prediction of phenotype-biased metabolic systems.	Schmidt MC, Rocha AM, Padmanabhan K, Shpanskaya Y, Banfield J, Scott K, Mihelcic JR, Samatova NF.	PLoS Comput Biol	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002490	2012
Metabolism	Alternative sigma factor SigK has a role in stress tolerance of group I Clostridium botulinum strain ATCC 3502.	Dahlsten E, Kirk D, Lindstrom M, Korkeala H.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.04036-12	2013
Metabolism	mRNA analysis of the adc gene region of Clostridium acetobutylicum during the shift to solventogenesis.	Gerischer U, Durre P.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.174.2.426-433.1992	1992
Metabolism	Regulation of Botulinum Neurotoxin Synthesis and Toxin Complex Formation by Arginine and Glucose in Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502.	Fredrick CM, Lin G, Johnson EA.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00642-17	2017
	Electrotransformation of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum.	Klapatch TR, Guerinot ML, Lynd LR.	J Ind Microbiol	10.1007/bf01570112	1996
	Sequence and molecular characterization of a DNA region encoding a small heat shock protein of Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Sauer U, Durre P.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.175.11.3394-3400.1993	1993
	Sporulation and primary sigma factor homologous genes in Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Sauer U, Treuner A, Buchholz M, Santangelo JD, Durre P.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.176.21.6572-6582.1994	1994
Metabolism	Involvement of two-component system CBO0366/CBO0365 in the cold shock response and growth of group I (proteolytic) Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502 at low temperatures.	Lindstrom M, Dahlsten E, Soderholm H, Selby K, Somervuo P, Heap JT, Minton NP, Korkeala H.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00555-12	2012
	Intracellular Concentrations of Coenzyme A and Its Derivatives from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and Their Roles in Enzyme Regulation.	Boynton ZL, Bennett GN, Rudolph FB.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.60.1.39-44.1994	1994
Metabolism	Engineering redox homeostasis to develop efficient alcohol-producing microbial cell factories.	Zhao C, Zhao Q, Li Y, Zhang Y.	Microb Cell Fact	10.1186/s12934-017-0728-3	2017
Genetics	Physical and genetic map of the Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 chromosome.	Cornillot E, Croux C, Soucaille P.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.179.23.7426-7434.1997	1997
Metabolism	Northern, morphological, and fermentation analysis of spo0A inactivation and overexpression in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824.	Harris LM, Welker NE, Papoutsakis ET.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.184.13.3586-3597.2002	2002
	Design and construction of a non-natural malate to 1,2,4-butanetriol pathway creates possibility to produce 1,2,4-butanetriol from glucose.	Li X, Cai Z, Li Y, Zhang Y.	Sci Rep	10.1038/srep05541	2014
	Effect of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Wolinella recta and Bacteroides gingivalis on the viability of retinoic acid-induced and dimethyl sulfoxide-induced HL-60 cells.	Armitage GC, Holt SC.	Oral Microbiol Immunol	10.1111/j.1399-302x.1990.tb00420.x	1990
Genetics	The genome of Paenibacillus sabinae T27 provides insight into evolution, organization and functional elucidation of nif and nif-like genes.	Li X, Deng Z, Liu Z, Yan Y, Wang T, Xie J, Lin M, Cheng Q, Chen S.	BMC Genomics	10.1186/1471-2164-15-723	2014
	Isolation of a Degeneration-Resistant Mutant of Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIMB 8052.	Kashket ER, Cao ZY.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.59.12.4198-4202.1993	1993
	Molecular characterization and transcriptional analysis of the putative hydrogenase gene of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824.	Gorwa MF, Croux C, Soucaille P.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.178.9.2668-2675.1996	1996
	Physiological Events in Clostridium acetobutylicum during the Shift from Acidogenesis to Solventogenesis in Continuous Culture and Presentation of a Model for Shift Induction.	Grupe H, Gottschalk G.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.58.12.3896-3902.1992	1992
Metabolism	Cloning, sequencing, and molecular analysis of the sol operon of Clostridium acetobutylicum, a chromosomal locus involved in solventogenesis.	Fischer RJ, Helms J, Durre P.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.175.21.6959-6969.1993	1993
	Purification and Characterization of a Novel Cold Shock Protein-Like Bacteriocin Synthesized by Bacillus thuringiensis.	Huang T, Zhang X, Pan J, Su X, Jin X, Guan X.	Sci Rep	10.1038/srep35560	2016
	Plasmid Transfer into the Homoacetogen Acetobacterium woodii by Electroporation and Conjugation.	Stratz M, Sauer U, Kuhn A, Durre P.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.60.3.1033-1037.1994	1994
Biotechnology	First genomic insights into members of a candidate bacterial phylum responsible for wastewater bulking.	Sekiguchi Y, Ohashi A, Parks DH, Yamauchi T, Tyson GW, Hugenholtz P.	PeerJ	10.7717/peerj.740	2015
Genetics	Genomic and physiological variability within Group II (non-proteolytic) Clostridium botulinum.	Stringer SC, Carter AT, Webb MD, Wachnicka E, Crossman LC, Sebaihia M, Peck MW.	BMC Genomics	10.1186/1471-2164-14-333	2013
Metabolism	Involvement of Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502 sigma factor K in early-stage sporulation.	Kirk DG, Dahlsten E, Zhang Z, Korkeala H, Lindstrom M.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00304-12	2012
	Physical map of the Clostridium beijerinckii (formerly Clostridium acetobutylicum) NCIMB 8052 chromosome.	Wilkinson SR, Young M.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.177.2.439-448.1995	1995
Metabolism	Alternative sigma factors SigF, SigE, and SigG are essential for sporulation in Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502.	Kirk DG, Zhang Z, Korkeala H, Lindstrom M.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01015-14	2014
Transcriptome	The purine-utilizing bacterium Clostridium acidurici 9a: a genome-guided metabolic reconsideration.	Hartwich K, Poehlein A, Daniel R.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0051662	2012
	The role of tetraether lipid composition in the adaptation of thermophilic archaea to acidity.	Boyd ES, Hamilton TL, Wang J, He L, Zhang CL.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2013.00062	2013
	Molecular characterization of the dnaK gene region of Clostridium acetobutylicum, including grpE, dnaJ, and a new heat shock gene.	Narberhaus F, Giebeler K, Bahl H.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.174.10.3290-3299.1992	1992
	The cold-induced two-component system CBO0366/CBO0365 regulates metabolic pathways with novel roles in group I Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502 cold tolerance.	Dahlsten E, Zhang Z, Somervuo P, Minton NP, Lindstrom M, Korkeala H.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.03173-13	2014
Metabolism	Cold-Shock Domain Family Proteins (Csps) Are Involved in Regulation of Virulence, Cellular Aggregation, and Flagella-Based Motility in Listeria monocytogenes.	Eshwar AK, Guldimann C, Oevermann A, Tasara T.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2017.00453	2017
Metabolism	Eubacterial SpoVG homologs constitute a new family of site-specific DNA-binding proteins.	Jutras BL, Chenail AM, Rowland CL, Carroll D, Miller MC, Bykowski T, Stevenson B.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0066683	2013
	Production of Solvents by Clostridium acetobutylicum Cultures Maintained at Neutral pH.	Holt RA, Stephens GM, Morris JG.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.48.6.1166-1170.1984	1984
Metabolism	Two-component signal transduction system CBO0787/CBO0786 represses transcription from botulinum neurotoxin promoters in Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502.	Zhang Z, Korkeala H, Dahlsten E, Sahala E, Heap JT, Minton NP, Lindstrom M.	PLoS Pathog	10.1371/journal.ppat.1003252	2013
	The transcriptional program underlying the physiology of clostridial sporulation.	Jones SW, Paredes CJ, Tracy B, Cheng N, Sillers R, Senger RS, Papoutsakis ET.	Genome Biol	10.1186/gb-2008-9-7-r114	2008
Metabolism	Acetone-butanol fermentation revisited.	Jones DT, Woods DR.	Microbiol Rev	10.1128/mr.50.4.484-524.1986	1986
Pathogenicity	Meta-analysis and functional validation of nutritional requirements of solventogenic Clostridia growing under butanol stress conditions and coutilization of D-glucose and D-xylose.	Heluane H, Evans MR, Dagher SF, Bruno-Barcena JM.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00116-11	2011
	Ultrasound-mediated DNA transformation in thermophilic gram-positive anaerobes.	Lin L, Song H, Ji Y, He Z, Pu Y, Zhou J, Xu J.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0012582	2010
Phylogeny	The presence of a dnaK (HSP70) multigene family in members of the orders Planctomycetales and Verrucomicrobiales.	Ward-Rainey N, Rainey FA, Stackebrandt E.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.179.20.6360-6366.1997	1997
Metabolism	Novel type V staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec driven by a novel cassette chromosome recombinase, ccrC.	Ito T, Ma XX, Takeuchi F, Okuma K, Yuzawa H, Hiramatsu K.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.48.7.2637-2651.2004	2004
	Higher butanol titer and selectivity in electro-fermentation experiments with Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 are due mainly to methyl viologen rather than electrode polarization.	Beudy E, Menir S, Laurent M, Ben Chaabane F, Bouchez T, Velly H.	Bioprocess Biosyst Eng	10.1007/s00449-025-03212-7	2025
	A small-scale investigation process for the Clostridium acetobutylicum production of butanol using high-energy carbon heavy ion irradiation.	Jiang TT, Zhou X, Liang Y.	Eng Life Sci	10.1002/elsc.201800090	2018
Metabolism	An ethanolamine-phosphate modified glycolipid in Clostridium acetobutylicum that responds to membrane stress.	Tian B, Guan Z, Goldfine H.	Biochim Biophys Acta	10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.03.005	2013
	Greener approach to the comprehensive utilization of algal biomass and oil using novel Clostridial fusants and bio-based solvents.	Fiayaz A, Dahman Y.	Eng Microbiol	10.1016/j.engmic.2022.100068	2023
Metabolism	Sugar uptake by the solventogenic clostridia.	Mitchell WJ.	World J Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s11274-015-1981-4	2016
	Butanol Synthesis Routes for Biofuel Production: Trends and Perspectives.	Kolesinska B, Fraczyk J, Binczarski M, Modelska M, Berlowska J, Dziugan P, Antolak H, Kaminski ZJ, Witonska IA, Kregiel D.	Materials (Basel)	10.3390/ma12030350	2019
Metabolism	The genes for butanol and acetone formation in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 reside on a large plasmid whose loss leads to degeneration of the strain.	Cornillot E, Nair RV, Papoutsakis ET, Soucaille P.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.179.17.5442-5447.1997	1997
Genetics	Phenotypic and Genomic Analysis of Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-598 Mutants With Increased Butanol Tolerance.	Vasylkivska M, Branska B, Sedlar K, Jureckova K, Provaznik I, Patakova P.	Front Bioeng Biotechnol	10.3389/fbioe.2020.598392	2020
	A Technique for Predicting the Solvent-Producing Ability of Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Adler HI, Crow W.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.53.10.2496-2499.1987	1987
	Control of Carbon and Electron Flow in Clostridium acetobutylicum Fermentations: Utilization of Carbon Monoxide to Inhibit Hydrogen Production and to Enhance Butanol Yields.	Kim BH, Bellows P, Datta R, Zeikus JG.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.48.4.764-770.1984	1984
Phylogeny	The ability of Aneurinibacillus migulanus (Bacillus brevis) to produce the antibiotic gramicidin S is correlated with phenotype variation.	Berditsch M, Afonin S, Ulrich AS.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00881-07	2007
	Phosphotransferase Activity in Clostridium acetobutylicum from Acidogenic and Solventogenic Phases of Growth.	Hutkins RW, Kashket ER.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.51.5.1121-1123.1986	1986
Metabolism	Protein phosphorylation in response to stress in Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Balodimos IA, Rapaport E, Kashket ER.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.56.7.2170-2173.1990	1990
	Membrane H Conductance of Clostridium thermoaceticum and Clostridium acetobutylicum: Evidence for Electrogenic Na/H Antiport in Clostridium thermoaceticum.	Terracciano JS, Schreurs WJ, Kashket ER.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.53.4.782-786.1987	1987
Enzymology	Properties of the glucose phosphotransferase system of Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIB 8052.	Mitchell WJ, Shaw JE, Andrews L.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.57.9.2534-2539.1991	1991
	Production of 1,3-Propanediol from Glycerol by Clostridium acetobutylicum and Other Clostridium Species.	Forsberg CW.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.53.4.639-643.1987	1987
Metabolism	Regulation of the sol locus genes for butanol and acetone formation in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 by a putative transcriptional repressor.	Nair RV, Green EM, Watson DE, Bennett GN, Papoutsakis ET.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.181.1.319-330.1999	1999
Metabolism	Metabolism of adenylylated nucleotides in Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Balodimos IA, Kashket ER, Rapaport E.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.170.5.2301-2305.1988	1988
	Cellulolytic Activity of Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Lee SF, Forsberg CW, Gibbins LN.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.50.2.220-228.1985	1985
	Characterization, Biosynthesis, and Regulation of Granulose in Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Reysenbach AL, Ravenscroft N, Long S, Jones DT, Woods DR.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.52.1.185-190.1986	1986
	Intracellular Conditions Required for Initiation of Solvent Production by Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Terracciano JS, Kashket ER.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.52.1.86-91.1986	1986
Pathogenicity	Effects of butanol on Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Bowles LK, Ellefson WL.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.50.5.1165-1170.1985	1985
Enzymology	New rapid identification test for Clostridium difficile.	Aspinall ST, Dealler SF.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.45.11.956	1992
	Enhancement of Butanol Formation by Clostridium acetobutylicum in the Presence of Decanol-Oleyl Alcohol Mixed Extractants.	Evans PJ, Wang HY.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.54.7.1662-1667.1988	1988
	Xylanolytic Activity of Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Lee SF, Forsberg CW, Gibbins LN.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.50.4.1068-1076.1985	1985
	Acetone, Isopropanol, and Butanol Production by Clostridium beijerinckii (syn. Clostridium butylicum) and Clostridium aurantibutyricum.	George HA, Johnson JL, Moore WE, Holdeman LV, Chen JS.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.45.3.1160-1163.1983	1983
Metabolism	Enforcing ATP hydrolysis enhanced anaerobic glycolysis and promoted solvent production in Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Dai Z, Zhu Y, Dong H, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Li Y	Microb Cell Fact	10.1186/s12934-021-01639-7	2021
Proteome	Comparative genomic and proteomic analyses of Clostridium acetobutylicum Rh8 and its parent strain DSM 1731 revealed new understandings on butanol tolerance.	Bao G, Dong H, Zhu Y, Mao S, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Li Y	Biochem Biophys Res Commun	10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.052	2014
Metabolism	Felled oil palm trunk as a renewable source for biobutanol production by Clostridium spp.	Komonkiat I, Cheirsilp B	Bioresour Technol	10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.067	2013
Metabolism	Discovery of a novel gene involved in autolysis of Clostridium cells.	Yang L, Bao G, Zhu Y, Dong H, Zhang Y, Li Y	Protein Cell	10.1007/s13238-013-3025-x	2013
Enzymology	Introducing a single secondary alcohol dehydrogenase into butanol-tolerant Clostridium acetobutylicum Rh8 switches ABE fermentation to high level IBE fermentation.	Dai Z, Dong H, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Ma Y	Biotechnol Biofuels	10.1186/1754-6834-5-44	2012
Biotechnology	Use of proteomic tools in microbial engineering for biofuel production.	Mao S, Jia K, Zhang Y, Li Y	Methods Mol Biol	10.1007/978-1-61779-483-4_10	2012
Enzymology	Comparative analysis on the membrane proteome of Clostridium acetobutylicum wild type strain and its butanol-tolerant mutant.	Mao S, Luo Y, Bao G, Zhang Y, Li Y, Ma Y	Mol Biosyst	10.1039/c0mb00330a	2011
Metabolism	Engineering the robustness of Clostridium acetobutylicum by introducing glutathione biosynthetic capability.	Zhu L, Dong H, Zhang Y, Li Y	Metab Eng	10.1016/j.ymben.2011.01.009	2011
Metabolism	Formic acid triggers the "Acid Crash" of acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Wang S, Zhang Y, Dong H, Mao S, Zhu Y, Wang R, Luan G, Li Y	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/AEM.01835-10	2011
Proteome	Proteome reference map and comparative proteomic analysis between a wild type Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 1731 and its mutant with enhanced butanol tolerance and butanol yield.	Mao S, Luo Y, Zhang T, Li J, Bao G, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Ma Y	J Proteome Res	10.1021/pr9012078	2010
Metabolism	Acetone, butanol and ethanol production from domestic organic waste by solventogenic clostridia.	Claassen PA, Budde MA, Lopez-Contreras AM	J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol		2000
Metabolism	Replacement of the aliphatic chains of Clostridium acetobutylicum by exogenous fatty acids: regulation of phospholipid and glycolipid composition.	Johnston NC, Goldfine H	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.174.6.1848-1853.1992	1992
Enzymology	Purification and characterization of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Pich A, Bahl H	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.173.6.2120-2124.1991	1991
Stress	Stress- and Growth Phase-Associated Proteins of Clostridium acetobutylicum.	Terracciano JS, Rapaport E, Kashket ER	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.54.8.1989-1995.1988	1988
Phylogeny	Evaluation of hydrogen production by clostridium strains on beet molasses.	Avci A, Kilic NK, Donmez G, Donmez S	Environ Technol	10.1080/09593330.2013.826251	2014
Metabolism	Novel and neglected issues of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by clostridia: Clostridium metabolic diversity, tools for process mapping and continuous fermentation systems.	Patakova P, Linhova M, Rychtera M, Paulova L, Melzoch K	Biotechnol Adv	10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.010	2012
Genetics	Complete genome sequence of Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 1731, a solvent-producing strain with multireplicon genome architecture.	Bao G, Wang R, Zhu Y, Dong H, Mao S, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Li Y, Ma Y	J Bacteriol	10.1128/JB.05596-11	2011
Enzymology	Acetate kinase from Clostridium acetobutylicum: a highly specific enzyme that is actively transcribed during acidogenesis and solventogenesis.	Winzer K, Lorenz K, DUrre P	Microbiology (Reading)	10.1099/00221287-143-10-3279	1997
Phylogeny	Oceanirhabdus sediminicola gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium isolated from sea sediment.	Pi RX, Zhang WW, Fang MX, Zhang YZ, Li TT, Wu M, Zhu XF.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.051243-0	2013
Genetics	Rubeoparvulum massiliense gen. nov., sp. nov., a new bacterial genus isolated from the human gut of a Senegalese infant with severe acute malnutrition.	Tidjani Alou M, Rathored J, Lagier JC, Khelaifia S, Michelle C, Sokhna C, Diallo A, Diallo AB, Fournier PE, Raoult D, Edouard S.	New Microbes New Infect	10.1016/j.nmni.2016.11.003	2017

References

#886	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 1731
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Clostridium acetobutylicum (DSM 1731, ATCC 4259, NCIMB 619)

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