Clostridioides difficile 1470 is an anaerobe, spore-forming, mesophilic human pathogen that was isolated from Faeces, Human .
spore-forming rod-shaped anaerobe mesophilic human pathogen genome sequence| @ref 20215 |
Last LPSN update
2025-12-16 09:52:44 |
| Domain Bacillati |
| Phylum Bacillota |
| Class Clostridia |
| Order Peptostreptococcales |
| Family Peptostreptococcaceae |
| Genus Clostridioides |
| Species Clostridioides difficile |
| Full scientific name Clostridioides difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Lawson et al. 2016 |
| Synonyms (3) |
| @ref | Name | Growth | Medium link | Composition | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20943 | WILKINS-CHALGREN ANAEROBE BROTH (DSMZ Medium 339) | Medium recipe at MediaDive  | Name: WILKINS-CHALGREN ANAEROBE BROTH (DSMZ Medium 339) Composition: dehydrated Wilkins-Chalgren medium 33.0 g/l L-Cysteine HCl 0.3 g/l Sodium resazurin 0.0005 g/l Distilled water | ||
| 20943 | CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78) | Medium recipe at MediaDive | Name: CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78) Composition: Ground beef 500.0 g/l Casitone 30.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Ethanol 9.5 g/l (optional) K2HPO4 5.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l L-Cysteine HCl 0.5 g/l Haemin 0.005 g/l (optional) Resazurin 0.001 g/l Vitamin K3 0.0005 g/l (optional) Vitamin K1 (optional) NaOH (optional) Distilled water | ||
| 20943 | FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1203) | Medium recipe at MediaDive | Name: FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1203) Composition: Horse blood 100.0 g/l Fastidious Anaerobe Agar 45.7 g/l Distilled water |
| @ref | Chebi-ID | Metabolite | Utilization activity | Kind of utilization tested | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 68380 | 29016 ChEBI | arginine | - | hydrolysis | from API rID32A |
| 68367 | 17057 ChEBI | cellobiose | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68380 | 16024 ChEBI | D-mannose | - | fermentation | from API rID32A |
| 68367 | 65327 ChEBI | D-xylose | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68367 | 4853 ChEBI | esculin | + | hydrolysis | from API 20A |
| 68367 | 17754 ChEBI | glycerol | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68367 | 30849 ChEBI | L-arabinose | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68380 | 29985 ChEBI | L-glutamate | - | degradation | from API rID32A |
| 68367 | 62345 ChEBI | L-rhamnose | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68367 | 17716 ChEBI | lactose | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68367 | 17306 ChEBI | maltose | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68380 | 17632 ChEBI | nitrate | - | reduction | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | 16634 ChEBI | raffinose | - | fermentation | from API rID32A |
| 68367 | 16634 ChEBI | raffinose | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68367 | 17814 ChEBI | salicin | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68367 | 30911 ChEBI | sorbitol | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68367 | 17992 ChEBI | sucrose | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68367 | 27082 ChEBI | trehalose | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68380 | 27897 ChEBI | tryptophan | - | energy source | from API rID32A |
| 68367 | 27897 ChEBI | tryptophan | - | energy source | from API 20A |
| 68380 | 16199 ChEBI | urea | - | hydrolysis | from API rID32A |
| 68367 | 16199 ChEBI | urea | - | hydrolysis | from API 20A |
| @ref | Value | Activity | Ec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 68380 | alanine arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.2 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | alkaline phosphatase | - | 3.1.3.1 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | alpha-arabinosidase | - | 3.2.1.55 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | alpha-fucosidase | - | 3.2.1.51 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | alpha-galactosidase | - | 3.2.1.22 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | alpha-glucosidase | - | 3.2.1.20 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | arginine dihydrolase | - | 3.5.3.6 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | beta-galactosidase | - | 3.2.1.23 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphate | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | beta-glucosidase | - | 3.2.1.21 | from API rID32A |
| 68367 | beta-glucosidase | + | 3.2.1.21 | from API 20A |
| 68380 | beta-glucuronidase | - | 3.2.1.31 | from API rID32A |
| 20943 | catalase | + | 1.11.1.6 | |
| 68367 | catalase | + | 1.11.1.6 | from API 20A |
| 20943 | cytochrome-c oxidase | - | 1.9.3.1 | |
| 68380 | glutamate decarboxylase | - | 4.1.1.15 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | glutamyl-glutamate arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | glycin arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | histidine arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | L-arginine arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | leucine arylamidase | + | 3.4.11.1 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | leucyl glycin arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.1 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase | - | 3.2.1.52 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | proline-arylamidase | + | 3.4.11.5 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | pyrrolidonyl arylamidase | - | 3.4.19.3 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | serine arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | tryptophan deaminase | - | 4.1.99.1 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | urease | - | 3.5.1.5 | from API rID32A |
| 68367 | urease | - | 3.5.1.5 | from API 20A |
| @ref | IND | URE | GLU | MAN | LAC | SAC | MAL | SAL | XYL | ARA | GEL | ESC | GLY | CEL | MNE | MLZ | RAF | SOR | RHA | TRE | CAT | Spores presentSPOR | GramGRAM | Morphology coccus="+" rod="-"COCC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20943 | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | - | not determinedn.d. | not determinedn.d. | not determinedn.d. | not determinedn.d. | |
| 20943 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| @ref | Description | Assembly level | INSDC accession | BV-BRC accession | NCBI tax ID | Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 66792 | 1470 assembly for Clostridioides difficile 1470 | scaffold | GCA_900243225   | 1496.2578  | 1496 | 53.4 | |
| 66792 | ASM886818v1 assembly for Clostridioides difficile ATCC 43598 | contig | GCA_008868185 | 1496.4858 | 1496 | 19.57 | |
| Topic | Title | Authors | Journal | DOI | Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effects of Omeprazole on Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Caused by ST81 Strains and Their Potential Mechanisms. | Liu Y, Ma L, Cheng J, Su J. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/aac.00221-23 | 2023 | | |
| Multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) for rapid detection of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile as a potential point-of-care testing. | Hu H, Zhang X, Cai M, Song X, Cheng H, Zhai F, Tai Y, Xu Z, Lin S, Chen Y, Luo Y, Jin D. | Microbiol Spectr | 10.1128/spectrum.03030-24 | 2025 | | |
| Screening novel antiviral compounds to treat Clostridioides difficile infections. | Stolz BJ, Abouelkhair AA, Seleem MN. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0309624 | 2024 | | |
| Investigating surface area and recovery efficiency of healthcare-associated pathogens to optimize composite environmental sampling. | Chan-Riley MY, Edwards JR, Noble-Wang J, Rose L. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0310283 | 2024 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Citrulline Inhibits Clostridioides difficile Infection With Anti-inflammatory Effects. | Xie Y, Irwin S, Nelson B, van Daelen M, Fontenot L, Jacobs JP, Cappelletti M, Feng H, Li Y, Koon HW. | Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol | 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101474 | 2025 | |
| Pathogenicity | Diversity of binary toxin positive Clostridioides difficile in Korea. | Kim J, Kim B, Pai H. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-023-27768-0 | 2023 | |
| The Brief Case: a White-Colony-Producing Clostridioides difficile Ribotype 020 Strain. | Imwattana K, Shivaperumal N, Leepattarakit T, Kiratisin P, Knight DR, Riley TV. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.00893-22 | 2023 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Raja 42, a novel gamma lactam compound, is effective against Clostridioides difficile. | Fong A, Ross M, Boudreau J, Nokhbeh R, Tilbe K, Lee H. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0257143 | 2021 | |
| Phenylthiazoles with potent & optimum selectivity toward Clostridium difficile. | Seif El-Din MM, Hagras M, Mayhoub AS. | RSC Med Chem | 10.1039/d4md00164h | 2024 | | |
| Genistein Inhibits Clostridioides difficile Infection via Estrogen Receptors and Lysine-Deficient Protein Kinase 1. | Xie Y, Fontenot L, Estrada AC, Nelson B, Bullock A, Faull KF, Feng H, Sun M, Koon HW. | J Infect Dis | 10.1093/infdis/jiad008 | 2023 | | |
| Genetic Relatedness of 5-Year Isolates of Clostridioides difficile Polymerase Chain Reaction Ribotype 017 Strains in a Hospital. | Kim J, Seo MR, Kim B, Kim J, Bae MH, Pai H. | Antibiotics (Basel) | 10.3390/antibiotics10101229 | 2021 | | |
| Successful Removal of Clostridioides Difficile Spores and Pathogenic Bacteria From a Launderable Barrier Using a Commercial Laundry Process. | Hooker EA, Ulrich D, Brooks D. | Infect Dis (Auckl) | 10.1177/1178633720923657 | 2020 | | |
| Global evolutionary dynamics and resistome analysis of Clostridioides difficile ribotype 017. | Imwattana K, Putsathit P, Collins DA, Leepattarakit T, Kiratisin P, Riley TV, Knight DR. | Microb Genom | 10.1099/mgen.0.000792 | 2022 | | |
| In Vitro and In Vivo Activities, Absorption, Tissue Distribution, and Excretion of OBP-4, a Potential Anti-Clostridioides difficile Agent. | Liu L, Zhou X, Li B, Cheng F, Cui H, Li J, Zhang J. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/aac.00581-21 | 2021 | | |
| Development of a rapid-viability PCR method for detection of Clostridioides difficile spores from environmental samples. | Shams AM, Rose LJ, Noble-Wang JA. | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102077 | 2020 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Curcumin and capsaicin regulate apoptosis and alleviate intestinal inflammation induced by Clostridioides difficile in vitro. | Azimirad M, Noori M, Azimirad F, Gholami F, Naseri K, Yadegar A, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Zali MR. | Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob | 10.1186/s12941-022-00533-3 | 2022 | |
| Genetics | Esculin hydrolysis negative and TcdA-only producing strains of Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile from the environment in Western Australia. | Shivaperumal N, Knight DR, Imwattana K, Androga GO, Chang BJ, Riley TV. | J Appl Microbiol | 10.1111/jam.15500 | 2022 | |
| Recovery efficiency of two glove-sampling methods. | Lyons AK, Rose LJ, Noble-Wang J. | Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol | 10.1017/ice.2021.53 | 2022 | | |
| Bioinformatics-driven discovery of novel Clostridioides difficile lysins and experimental comparison with highly active benchmarks. | Furlon JM, Mitchell SJ, Bailey-Kellogg C, Griswold KE. | Biotechnol Bioeng | 10.1002/bit.27759 | 2021 | | |
| Soluble Non-Starch Polysaccharides From Plantain (Musa x paradisiaca L.) Diminish Epithelial Impact of Clostridioides difficile. | Simpson HL, Roberts CL, Thompson LM, Leiper CR, Gittens N, Trotter E, Duckworth CA, Papoutsopoulou S, Miyajima F, Roberts P, O'Kennedy N, Rhodes JM, Campbell BJ. | Front Pharmacol | 10.3389/fphar.2021.766293 | 2021 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Repurposing the Antiamoebic Drug Diiodohydroxyquinoline for Treatment of Clostridioides difficile Infections. | Abutaleb NS, Seleem MN. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/aac.02115-19 | 2020 | |
| Evaluation of a continuously active disinfectant for decontamination of portable medical equipment. | Redmond SN, Cadnum JL, Silva SY, Pearlmutter BS, Jencson AL, Alhmidi H, Wilson BM, Donskey CJ. | Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol | 10.1017/ice.2021.66 | 2022 | | |
| Reducing Spread of Infections with a Photocatalytic Reactor-Potential Applications in Control of Hospital Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridioides difficile Infections and Inactivation of RNA Viruses. | Gharaibeh A, Smith RH, Conway MJ. | Infect Dis Rep | 10.3390/idr13010008 | 2021 | | |
| Enzymology | Factors influencing environmental sampling recovery of healthcare pathogens from non-porous surfaces with cellulose sponges. | Rose LJ, Houston H, Martinez-Smith M, Lyons AK, Whitworth C, Reddy SC, Noble-Wang J. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0261588 | 2022 | |
| Detecting Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile using canine teams: What does the nose know? | Charles MK, Wang Y, Zurberg T, Kinna J, Bryce E. | Infect Prev Pract | 10.1016/j.infpip.2019.100005 | 2019 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Effect of natural products on the production and activity of Clostridium difficile toxins in vitro. | Roshan N, Riley TV, Knight DR, Hammer KA. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-018-33954-2 | 2018 | |
| Simulating transmission of ESKAPE pathogens plus C. difficile in relevant clinical scenarios. | Weber KL, LeSassier DS, Kappell AD, Schulte KQ, Westfall N, Albright NC, Godbold GD, Palsikar V, Acevedo CA, Ternus KL, Hewitt FC. | BMC Infect Dis | 10.1186/s12879-020-05121-4 | 2020 | | |
| Effectiveness of Ultraviolet-C Light and a High-Level Disinfection Cabinet for Decontamination of N95 Respirators. | Cadnum JL, Li DF, Redmond SN, John AR, Pearlmutter B, Donskey CJ. | Pathog Immun | 10.20411/pai.v5i1.372 | 2020 | | |
| Phylogeny | Identification and Characterization of Clostridium difficile Sequence Type 37 Genotype by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. | Li R, Xiao D, Yang J, Sun S, Kaplan S, Li Z, Niu Y, Qiang C, Zhai Y, Wang X, Zhao X, Zhao B, Welker M, Pincus DH, Jin D, Jin D, Kamboj M, Zheng G, Zhang G, Zhang J, Tang YW, Zhao J. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.01990-17 | 2018 | |
| Metabolism | Characterization of Flagellum and Toxin Phase Variation in Clostridioides difficile Ribotype 012 Isolates. | Anjuwon-Foster BR, Maldonado-Vazquez N, Tamayo R. | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/jb.00056-18 | 2018 | |
| Curcumin: A natural derivative with antibacterial activity against Clostridium difficile. | Mody D, Athamneh AIM, Seleem MN. | J Glob Antimicrob Resist | 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.10.005 | 2020 | | |
| Metabolism | Phase variation of a signal transduction system controls Clostridioides difficile colony morphology, motility, and virulence. | Garrett EM, Sekulovic O, Wetzel D, Jones JB, Edwards AN, Vargas-Cuebas G, McBride SM, Tamayo R. | PLoS Biol | 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000379 | 2019 | |
| Pathogenicity | Non-inferiority of pulsed xenon UV light versus bleach for reducing environmental Clostridium difficile contamination on high-touch surfaces in Clostridium difficile infection isolation rooms. | Ghantoji SS, Stibich M, Stachowiak J, Cantu S, Adachi JA, Raad II, Chemaly RF. | J Med Microbiol | 10.1099/jmm.0.000004-0 | 2015 | |
| Safety and immunogenicity of Clostridium difficile toxoid vaccine in Japanese adults. | Matsuoka O, Patel DM, Sasaki S, Oka H, Sasaki T, Pietrobon PJ, Laot T, Bouckenooghe A, Menezes J, de Bruyn G. | Hum Vaccin Immunother | 10.1080/21645515.2017.1395538 | 2018 | | |
| Clostridium difficile Toxoid Vaccine Candidate Confers Broad Protection against a Range of Prevalent Circulating Strains in a Nonclinical Setting. | Quemeneur L, Petiot N, Arnaud-Barbe N, Hessler C, Pietrobon PJ, Londono-Hayes P. | Infect Immun | 10.1128/iai.00742-17 | 2018 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Antibacterial and antivirulence activities of auranofin against Clostridium difficile. | AbdelKhalek A, Abutaleb NS, Mohammad H, Seleem MN. | Int J Antimicrob Agents | 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.09.018 | 2019 | |
| Pathogenicity | Evaluation of AISI Type 304 stainless steel as a suitable surface material for evaluating the efficacy of peracetic acid-based disinfectants against Clostridium difficile spores. | Black E, Owens K, Staub R, Li J, Mills K, Valenstein J, Hilgren J. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0187074 | 2017 | |
| Pathogenicity | Using a Novel Lysin To Help Control Clostridium difficile Infections. | Wang Q, Euler CW, Delaune A, Fischetti VA. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/aac.01357-15 | 2015 | |
| Metabolism | Development of TaqMan-based quantitative PCR for sensitive and selective detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in human stools. | Kubota H, Sakai T, Gawad A, Makino H, Akiyama T, Ishikawa E, Oishi K. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0111684 | 2014 | |
| Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized adults and the first isolation of C. difficile PCR ribotype 027 in central China. | Zhou Y, Mao L, Yu J, Lin Q, Luo Y, Zhu X, Sun Z. | BMC Infect Dis | 10.1186/s12879-019-3841-6 | 2019 | | |
| A genetic switch controls the production of flagella and toxins in Clostridium difficile. | Anjuwon-Foster BR, Tamayo R. | PLoS Genet | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006701 | 2017 | | |
| Role of FliC and FliD flagellar proteins of Clostridium difficile in adherence and gut colonization. | Tasteyre A, Barc MC, Collignon A, Boureau H, Karjalainen T. | Infect Immun | 10.1128/iai.69.12.7937-7940.2001 | 2001 | | |
| Analysis of risk factors and clinical manifestations associated with Clostridium difficile disease in Serbian hospitalized patients. | Predrag S. | Braz J Microbiol | 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.07.011 | 2016 | | |
| Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Clostridium difficile Infections by PCR Ribotype 017 and 018 Strains. | Kim J, Kim Y, Pai H. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0168849 | 2016 | | |
| Phylogeny | Prevalence and genetic characterization of toxin A variant strains of Clostridium difficile among adults and children with diarrhea in France. | Barbut F, Lalande V, Burghoffer B, Thien HV, Grimprel E, Petit JC. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.40.6.2079-2083.2002 | 2002 | |
| Genetics | Molecular Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile Infection in Hospitalized Patients in Eastern China. | Jin D, Jin D, Luo Y, Huang C, Cai J, Ye J, Zheng Y, Wang L, Zhao P, Liu A, Fang W, Wang X, Xia S, Jiang J, Tang YW. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.01898-16 | 2017 | |
| Bovine antibodies targeting primary and recurrent Clostridium difficile disease are a potent antibiotic alternative. | Hutton ML, Cunningham BA, Mackin KE, Lyon SA, James ML, Rood JI, Lyras D. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-017-03982-5 | 2017 | | |
| Metabolism | Clinical and microbiologic characteristics of tcdA-negative variant Clostridium difficile infections. | Kim J, Pai H, Seo MR, Kang JO. | BMC Infect Dis | 10.1186/1471-2334-12-109 | 2012 | |
| Enzymology | Characterization of cases of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) presenting at an emergency room: molecular and clinical features differentiate community-onset hospital-associated and community-associated CDI in a tertiary care hospital. | Shin BM, Moon SJ, Kim YS, Shin WC, Yoo HM. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.02330-10 | 2011 | |
| Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 prevents outbreak-associated Clostridium difficile-associated cecal inflammation in hamsters. | Koon HW, Su B, Xu C, Mussatto CC, Tran DH, Lee EC, Ortiz C, Wang J, Lee JE, Ho S, Chen X, Kelly CP, Pothoulakis C. | Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol | 10.1152/ajpgi.00150.2016 | 2016 | | |
| Enzymology | Automated detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in clinical samples: isothermal tcdB amplification coupled to array-based detection. | Hicke B, Pasko C, Groves B, Ager E, Corpuz M, Frech G, Munns D, Smith W, Warcup A, Denys G, Ledeboer NA, Lindsey W, Owen C, Rea L, Jenison R. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.00621-12 | 2012 | |
| Phylogeny | International typing study of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile variants. | Johnson S, Sambol SP, Brazier JS, Delmee M, Avesani V, Merrigan MM, Gerding DN. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.41.4.1543-1547.2003 | 2003 | |
| Activate to eradicate: inhibition of Clostridium difficile spore outgrowth by the synergistic effects of osmotic activation and nisin. | Nerandzic MM, Donskey CJ. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0054740 | 2013 | | |
| Pathogenicity | The wide spectrum high biocidal potency of Bioxy formulation when dissolved in water at different concentrations. | Dagher D, Ungar K, Robison R, Dagher F. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0172224 | 2017 | |
| Phylogeny | Comparison of PCR-ribotyping, arbitrarily primed PCR, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing Clostridium difficile. | Bidet P, Lalande V, Salauze B, Burghoffer B, Avesani V, Delmee M, Rossier A, Barbut F, Petit JC. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.38.7.2484-2487.2000 | 2000 | |
| Metabolism | Tolevamer, an anionic polymer, neutralizes toxins produced by the BI/027 strains of Clostridium difficile. | Hinkson PL, Dinardo C, DeCiero D, Klinger JD, Barker RH. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/aac.00041-08 | 2008 | |
| Phylogeny | Clostridium difficile genotyping based on slpA variable region in S-layer gene sequence: an alternative to serotyping. | Karjalainen T, Saumier N, Barc MC, Delmee M, Collignon A. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.40.7.2452-2458.2002 | 2002 | |
| Phylogeny | Typing of Clostridium difficile by western immunoblotting with 10 different antisera. | Kato H, Cavallaro JJ, Kato N, Bartley SL, Killgore GE, Watanabe K, Ueno K. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.31.2.413-415.1993 | 1993 | |
| Phylogeny | Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of the flagellin gene (fliC) among Clostridium difficile isolates from different serogroups. | Tasteyre A, Karjalainen T, Avesani V, Delmee M, Collignon A, Bourlioux P, Barc MC. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.38.9.3179-3186.2000 | 2000 | |
| Phylogeny | Use of an enzyme-linked immunoassay for Clostridium difficile serogrouping. | Delmee M, Depitre C, Corthier G, Ahoyo A, Avesani V. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.31.9.2526-2528.1993 | 1993 | |
| Characterization of flagella of Clostridium difficile and their role in serogrouping reactions. | Delmee M, Avesani V, Delferriere N, Burtonboy G. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.28.10.2210-2214.1990 | 1990 | | |
| Comparison of three enzyme immunoassays, a cytotoxicity assay, and toxigenic culture for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | Barbut F, Kajzer C, Planas N, Petit JC. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.31.4.963-967.1993 | 1993 | | |
| Pathogenicity | Disinfectant wipes transfer Clostridioides difficile spores from contaminated surfaces to uncontaminated surfaces during the disinfection process. | Nkemngong CA, Chaggar GK, Li X, Teska PJ, Oliver HF | Antimicrob Resist Infect Control | 10.1186/s13756-020-00844-0 | 2020 | |
| Pathogenicity | Evaluation of the illumigene C. difficile assay for toxigenic Clostridium difficile detection: a prospective study of 302 consecutive clinical fecal samples. | Hong G, Park KS, Ki CS, Lee NY | Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis | 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.08.014 | 2014 | |
| Enzymology | In vitro production of Clostridium difficile spores for use in the efficacy evaluation of disinfectants: a precollaborative investigation. | Hasan JA, Japal KM, Christensen ER, Samalot-Freire LC | J AOAC Int | 2011 | |
How to citeIf you want to cite this particular strain cite the following doi:
https://doi.org/10.13145/bacdive23854.20251217.10
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BacDive in 2025: the core database for prokaryotic strain data
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