Clostridioides difficile R20291 is an anaerobe, spore-forming, mesophilic human pathogen that was isolated from Faeces from a symptomatic patient. Outbreak at Stoke Mandeville Hospital, UK.
spore-forming rod-shaped anaerobe mesophilic human pathogen genome sequence| @ref 20215 |
Last LPSN update
2025-12-16 09:52:32 |
| Domain Bacillati |
| Phylum Bacillota |
| Class Clostridia |
| Order Peptostreptococcales |
| Family Peptostreptococcaceae |
| Genus Clostridioides |
| Species Clostridioides difficile |
| Full scientific name Clostridioides difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Lawson et al. 2016 |
| Synonyms (3) |
| @ref | Name | Growth | Medium link | Composition | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18803 | FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1203) | Medium recipe at MediaDive  | Name: FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1203) Composition: Horse blood 100.0 g/l Fastidious Anaerobe Agar 45.7 g/l Distilled water | ||
| 18803 | CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78) | Medium recipe at MediaDive | Name: CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78) Composition: Ground beef 500.0 g/l Casitone 30.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Ethanol 9.5 g/l (optional) K2HPO4 5.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l L-Cysteine HCl 0.5 g/l Haemin 0.005 g/l (optional) Resazurin 0.001 g/l Vitamin K3 0.0005 g/l (optional) Vitamin K1 (optional) NaOH (optional) Distilled water |
| @ref | Growth | Type | Temperature (°C) | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18803 | positive | growth | 37 | mesophilic |
| @ref | Chebi-ID | Metabolite | Utilization activity | Kind of utilization tested | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 68367 | 4853 ChEBI | esculin | + | hydrolysis | from API 20A |
| 68367 | 17754 ChEBI | glycerol | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68367 | 30849 ChEBI | L-arabinose | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68380 | 29985 ChEBI | L-glutamate | - | degradation | from API rID32A |
| 68367 | 62345 ChEBI | L-rhamnose | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68367 | 17716 ChEBI | lactose | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68367 | 17306 ChEBI | maltose | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68380 | 17632 ChEBI | nitrate | - | reduction | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | 16634 ChEBI | raffinose | - | fermentation | from API rID32A |
| 68367 | 16634 ChEBI | raffinose | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68367 | 17992 ChEBI | sucrose | - | builds acid from | from API 20A |
| 68380 | 27897 ChEBI | tryptophan | - | energy source | from API rID32A |
| 68367 | 27897 ChEBI | tryptophan | - | energy source | from API 20A |
| 68380 | 16199 ChEBI | urea | - | hydrolysis | from API rID32A |
| 68367 | 16199 ChEBI | urea | - | hydrolysis | from API 20A |
| @ref | Value | Activity | Ec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 68380 | alanine arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.2 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | alkaline phosphatase | - | 3.1.3.1 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | alpha-arabinosidase | - | 3.2.1.55 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | alpha-fucosidase | - | 3.2.1.51 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | alpha-galactosidase | - | 3.2.1.22 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | alpha-glucosidase | - | 3.2.1.20 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | beta-galactosidase | - | 3.2.1.23 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphate | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68367 | beta-glucosidase | + | 3.2.1.21 | from API 20A |
| 68380 | beta-glucuronidase | - | 3.2.1.31 | from API rID32A |
| 18803 | catalase | + | 1.11.1.6 | |
| 18803 | cytochrome-c oxidase | - | 1.9.3.1 | |
| 68380 | glutamate decarboxylase | - | 4.1.1.15 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | glutamyl-glutamate arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | glycin arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | histidine arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | L-arginine arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | leucyl glycin arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.1 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase | - | 3.2.1.52 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | phenylalanine arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | proline-arylamidase | + | 3.4.11.5 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | serine arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | tryptophan deaminase | - | 4.1.99.1 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | tyrosine arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | urease | - | 3.5.1.5 | from API rID32A |
| 68367 | urease | - | 3.5.1.5 | from API 20A |
| @ref | URE | ADH (Arg) | alpha GAL | beta GAL | beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphatebeta GP | alpha GLU | beta GLU | alpha ARA | beta GUR | beta-N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidasebeta NAG | MNE | RAF | GDC | alpha FUC | Reduction of nitrateNIT | IND | PAL | L-arginine arylamidaseArgA | ProA | LGA | Phenylalanine arylamidasePheA | Leucine arylamidaseLeuA | PyrA | Tyrosine arylamidaseTyrA | Alanine arylamidaseAlaA | Glycin arylamidaseGlyA | Histidine arylamidaseHisA | Glutamyl-glutamate arylamidaseGGA | Serine arylamidaseSerA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18803 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | +/- | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 18803 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 18803 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 18803 | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 18803 | - | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 18803 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 18803 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 18803 | - | - | - | - | - | - | +/- | - | - | - | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| @ref | Description | Assembly level | INSDC accession | BV-BRC accession | NCBI tax ID | Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 66792 | ASM2762543v1 assembly for Clostridioides difficile R20291 | complete | GCA_027625435   | 645463.109  | 645463 | 99.1 | |
| 66792 | ASM1573255v1 assembly for Clostridioides difficile R20291 | complete | GCA_015732555 | 645463.57 | 645463 | 98.95 | |
| 66792 | ASM2710v1 assembly for Clostridioides difficile R20291 | chromosome | GCA_000027105 | 645463.3 | 645463 | 88.7 | |
| 66792 | NCTC13366 assembly for Bordetella trematum NCTC13366 | contig | GCA_900618205 | 1496.3367 | 1496 | 75.94 | |
| 124043 | PDT001496375.1 assembly for Clostridioides difficile DSM 27147 | contig | GCA_026367555 | 1496 | 40.2 | |
| Title | Authors | Journal | DOI | Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elucidating human gut microbiota interactions that robustly inhibit diverse Clostridioides difficile strains across different nutrient landscapes. | Sulaiman JE, Thompson J, Qian Y, Vivas EI, Diener C, Gibbons SM, Safdar N, Venturelli OS. | Nat Commun | 10.1038/s41467-024-51062-w | 2024 | |
| Phocaeicola vulgatus shapes the long-term growth dynamics and evolutionary adaptations of Clostridioides difficile. | Sulaiman JE, Thompson J, Cheung PLK, Qian Y, Mill J, James I, Im H, Vivas EI, Simcox J, Venturelli OS. | Cell Host Microbe | 10.1016/j.chom.2024.12.001 | 2025 | |
| Identification of an Antimicrobial Peptide from the Venom of the Trinidad Thick-Tailed Scorpion Tityus trinitatis with Potent Activity against ESKAPE Pathogens and Clostridioides difficile. | Mechkarska M, Cunning TS, Taggart MG, Ternan NG, Leprince J, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Tena-Garces J, Calvete JJ, Conlon JM. | Antibiotics (Basel) | 10.3390/antibiotics12091404 | 2023 | |
| High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Clostridioides difficile Following Extensive Use of Antimicrobials in Hospitalized Patients in Kenya. | Mutai WC, Mureithi MW, Anzala O, Revathi G, Kullin B, Burugu M, Kyany'a C, Odoyo E, Otieno P, Musila L. | Front Cell Infect Microbiol | 10.3389/fcimb.2020.604986 | 2020 | |
| Effects of Omeprazole on Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Caused by ST81 Strains and Their Potential Mechanisms. | Liu Y, Ma L, Cheng J, Su J. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/aac.00221-23 | 2023 | |
| Myxopyronin B inhibits growth of a Fidaxomicin-resistant Clostridioides difficile isolate and interferes with toxin synthesis. | Brauer M, Herrmann J, Zuhlke D, Muller R, Riedel K, Sievers S. | Gut Pathog | 10.1186/s13099-021-00475-9 | 2022 | |
| High levels of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile contamination of hospital environments: a hidden threat in hospital-acquired infections in Kenya. | Odoyo E, Kyanya C, Mutai W, Musila L. | Access Microbiol | 10.1099/acmi.0.000171 | 2020 | |
| Clostridioides difficile Single Cell Swimming Strategy: A Novel Motility Pattern Regulated by Viscoelastic Properties of the Environment. | Schwanbeck J, Oehmig I, Gross U, Zautner AE, Bohne W. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2021.715220 | 2021 | |
| Comparative genome and phenotypic analysis of three Clostridioides difficile strains isolated from a single patient provide insight into multiple infection of C. difficile. | Gross U, Brzuszkiewicz E, Gunka K, Starke J, Riedel T, Bunk B, Sproer C, Wetzel D, Poehlein A, Chibani C, Bohne W, Overmann J, Zimmermann O, Daniel R, Liesegang H. | BMC Genomics | 10.1186/s12864-017-4368-0 | 2018 | |
| Production of propionate using metabolically engineered strains of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum. | Baur T, Wentzel A, Durre P. | Appl Microbiol Biotechnol | 10.1007/s00253-022-12210-8 | 2022 | |
| Prevalence and Strain Characterization of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in Representative Regions of Germany, Ghana, Tanzania and Indonesia - A Comparative Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study. | Seugendo M, Janssen I, Lang V, Hasibuan I, Bohne W, Cooper P, Daniel R, Gunka K, Kusumawati RL, Mshana SE, von Muller L, Okamo B, Ortlepp JR, Overmann J, Riedel T, Rupnik M, Zimmermann O, Gross U. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01843 | 2018 | |
| Quantitative Suspension Test for the Evaluation of a Cold Sterilization System Based on Reducing Free Radicals Compared to Autoclave Sterilization Cycles. | Cirillo C, Botticelli D, Benedicenti S. | J Funct Biomater | 10.3390/jfb16110410 | 2025 | |
| An Investigation into the Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile in Irish Pig Abattoirs and Pork Meat Products as a Potential Source of Human Infection. | Doyle A, Rogers TR, Bolton D, Burgess CM, Whyte P, Frias J, Fanning S, McElroy MC. | Antibiotics (Basel) | 10.3390/antibiotics14020151 | 2025 | |
| New approaches to disinfection of thermolabile medical devices using an indirect method with cold atmospheric plasma-aerosol | Schaal T, Schmelz U, Pitten F, Tischendorf T. | Sci Rep | 2025 | | |
| Esculin hydrolysis negative and TcdA-only producing strains of Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile from the environment in Western Australia. | Shivaperumal N, Knight DR, Imwattana K, Androga GO, Chang BJ, Riley TV. | J Appl Microbiol | 10.1111/jam.15500 | 2022 | |
| Battling Enteropathogenic Clostridia: Phage Therapy for Clostridioides difficile and Clostridium perfringens. | Venhorst J, van der Vossen JMBM, Agamennone V. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2022.891790 | 2022 | |
| Inactivation of Spores and Vegetative Forms of Clostridioides difficile by Chemical Biocides: Mechanisms of Biocidal Activity, Methods of Evaluation, and Environmental Aspects. | Augustyn W, Chrusciel A, Hreczuch W, Kalka J, Tarka P, Kierat W. | Int J Environ Res Public Health | 10.3390/ijerph19020750 | 2022 | |
| Genetic diversity and epidemiology of accessory gene regulator loci in Clostridioides difficile. | Okada Y, Okugawa S, Ikeda M, Kobayashi T, Saito R, Higurashi Y, Moriya K. | Access Microbiol | 10.1099/acmi.0.000134 | 2020 | |
| Systematic Evaluation of Parameters Important for Production of Native Toxin A and Toxin B from Clostridioides difficile. | Aminzadeh A, Jorgensen R. | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins13040240 | 2021 | |
| Effect of natural products on the production and activity of Clostridium difficile toxins in vitro. | Roshan N, Riley TV, Knight DR, Hammer KA. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-018-33954-2 | 2018 | |
| Intracellular membranes of bacterial endospores are reservoirs for spore core membrane expansion during spore germination. | Laue M, Han HM, Dittmann C, Setlow P. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-018-29879-5 | 2018 | |
| Investigations of the mode of action and resistance development of cadazolid, a new antibiotic for treatment of Clostridium difficile infections. | Locher HH, Caspers P, Bruyere T, Schroeder S, Pfaff P, Knezevic A, Keck W, Ritz D. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/aac.01831-13 | 2014 | |
| In vitro and in vivo antibacterial evaluation of cadazolid, a new antibiotic for treatment of Clostridium difficile infections. | Locher HH, Seiler P, Chen X, Schroeder S, Pfaff P, Enderlin M, Klenk A, Fournier E, Hubschwerlen C, Ritz D, Kelly CP, Keck W. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/aac.01830-13 | 2014 | |
| New role for human alpha-defensin 5 in the fight against hypervirulent Clostridium difficile strains. | Furci L, Baldan R, Bianchini V, Trovato A, Ossi C, Cichero P, Cirillo DM. | Infect Immun | 10.1128/iai.02955-14 | 2015 | |
| Evaluation of diagnostic tests for Clostridium difficile infection. | Swindells J, Brenwald N, Reading N, Oppenheim B. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.01579-09 | 2010 | |
| Typing Clostridium difficile strains based on tandem repeat sequences. | Zaiss NH, Rupnik M, Kuijper EJ, Harmanus C, Michielsen D, Janssens K, Nubel U. | BMC Microbiol | 10.1186/1471-2180-9-6 | 2009 | |
| In vitro susceptibility of Clostridium difficile to SMT19969 and comparators, as well as the killing kinetics and post-antibiotic effects of SMT19969 and comparators against C. difficile. | Corbett D, Wise A, Birchall S, Warn P, Baines SD, Crowther G, Freeman J, Chilton CH, Vernon J, Wilcox MH, Vickers RJ. | J Antimicrob Chemother | 10.1093/jac/dkv006 | 2015 | |
| Recombinant antigens based on toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile that evoke a potent toxin-neutralising immune response. | Maynard-Smith M, Ahern H, McGlashan J, Nugent P, Ling R, Denton H, Coxon R, Landon J, Roberts A, Shone C. | Vaccine | 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.11.099 | 2014 | |
| Antibacterials Developed to Target a Single Organism: Mechanisms and Frequencies of Reduced Susceptibility to the Novel Anti-Clostridium difficile Compounds Fidaxomicin and LFF571. | Leeds JA. | Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med | 10.1101/cshperspect.a025445 | 2016 | |
| Development and evaluation of an ovine antibody-based platform for treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. | Roberts A, McGlashan J, Al-Abdulla I, Ling R, Denton H, Green S, Coxon R, Landon J, Shone C. | Infect Immun | 10.1128/iai.05684-11 | 2012 | |
| Molecular characterization of a Clostridium difficile bacteriophage and its cloned biologically active endolysin. | Mayer MJ, Narbad A, Gasson MJ. | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/jb.00686-08 | 2008 | |
| Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of the Nontoxigenic Clostridioides difficile Strain CCUG37785 and Demonstration of Its Therapeutic Potential for the Prevention of C. difficile Infection. | Wang S, Heuler J, Wickramage I, Sun X | Microbiol Spectr | 10.1128/spectrum.01788-21 | 2022 | |
| Flagellum and toxin phase variation impacts intestinal colonization and disease development in a mouse model of Clostridioides difficile infection. | Trzilova D, Warren MAH, Gadda NC, Williams CL, Tamayo R | Gut Microbes | 10.1080/19490976.2022.2038854 | 2022 | |
| Glucosyltransferase-dependent and independent effects of Clostridioides difficile toxins during infection. | Peritore-Galve FC, Shupe JA, Cave RJ, Childress KO, Washington MK, Kuehne SA, Lacy DB | PLoS Pathog | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010323 | 2022 | |
| Oxidative ornithine metabolism supports non-inflammatory C. difficile colonization. | Pruss KM, Enam F, Battaglioli E, DeFeo M, Diaz OR, Higginbottom SK, Fischer CR, Hryckowian AJ, Van Treuren W, Dodd D, Kashyap P, Sonnenburg JL | Nat Metab | 10.1038/s42255-021-00506-4 | 2022 | |
| c-di-GMP Inhibits Early Sporulation in Clostridioides difficile. | Edwards AN, Willams CL, Pareek N, McBride SM, Tamayo R | mSphere | 10.1128/msphere.00919-21 | 2021 | |
| Studies on the Importance of the 7alpha-, and 12alpha- hydroxyl groups of N-Aryl-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-amides on their Antigermination Activity Against a Hypervirulent Strain of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile. | Sharma SK, Yip C, Simon MP, Phan J, Abel-Santos E, Firestine SM | Bioorg Med Chem | 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116503 | 2021 | |
| Impact of Phage CDHS-1 on the Transcription, Physiology and Pathogenicity of a Clostridioides difficile Ribotype 027 Strain, R20291. | Nale JY, Al-Tayawi TS, Heaphy S, Clokie MRJ | Viruses | 10.3390/v13112262 | 2021 | |
| An Aniline-Substituted Bile Salt Analog Protects both Mice and Hamsters from Multiple Clostridioides difficile Strains. | Phan JR, Do DM, Truong MC, Ngo C, Phan JH, Sharma SK, Schilke A, Mefferd CC, Villarama JV, Lai D, Consul A, Hedlund BP, Firestine SM, Abel-Santos E | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/AAC.01435-21 | 2021 | |
| FliW and CsrA Govern Flagellin (FliC) Synthesis and Play Pleiotropic Roles in Virulence and Physiology of Clostridioides difficile R20291. | Zhu D, Wang S, Sun X | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735616 | 2021 | |
| Novel Drivers of Virulence in Clostridioides difficile Identified via Context-Specific Metabolic Network Analysis. | Jenior ML, Leslie JL, Powers DA, Garrett EM, Walker KA, Dickenson ME, Petri WA Jr, Tamayo R, Papin JA | mSystems | 10.1128/mSystems.00919-21 | 2021 | |
| Biofilm regulation in Clostridioides difficile: Novel systems linked to hypervirulence. | Taggart MG, Snelling WJ, Naughton PJ, La Ragione RM, Dooley JSG, Ternan NG | PLoS Pathog | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009817 | 2021 | |
| Ebselen Not Only Inhibits Clostridioides difficile Toxins but Displays Redox-Associated Cellular Killing. | Marreddy RKR, Olaitan AO, May JN, Dong M, Hurdle JG | Microbiol Spectr | 10.1128/Spectrum.00448-21 | 2021 | |
| What's a SNP between friends: The lineage of Clostridioides difficile R20291 can effect research outcomes. | Monteford J, Bilverstone TW, Ingle P, Philip S, Kuehne SA, Minton NP | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102422 | 2021 | |
| Cwl0971, a novel peptidoglycan hydrolase, plays pleiotropic roles in Clostridioides difficile R20291. | Zhu D, Patabendige HMLW, Tomlinson BR, Wang S, Hussain S, Flores D, He Y, Shaw LN, Sun X | Environ Microbiol | 10.1111/1462-2920.15529 | 2021 | |
| Molecular characterization of Clostridioides difficile ribotype 027 in a major Chinese hospital. | Zhang RF, Man YX, Bai YY, Shao CH, Liu CM, Wang CH, Lei YX, Wang Y, Jin Y | J Microbiol Immunol Infect | 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.01.003 | 2021 | |
| Extracellular DNA, cell surface proteins and c-di-GMP promote biofilm formation in Clostridioides difficile. | Dawson LF, Peltier J, Hall CL, Harrison MA, Derakhshan M, Shaw HA, Fairweather NF, Wren BW | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-020-78437-5 | 2021 | |
| The Acid-Dependent and Independent Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285, Lacticaseibacillus casei LBC80R, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CLR2 on Clostridioides difficile R20291. | Gunaratnam S, Diarra C, Paquette PD, Ship N, Millette M, Lacroix M | Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins | 10.1007/s12602-020-09729-5 | 2021 | |
| Receptor Binding Domains of TcdB from Clostridioides difficile for Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan-4 and Frizzled Proteins Are Functionally Independent and Additive. | Henkel D, Tatge H, Schottelndreier D, Tao L, Dong M, Gerhard R | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins12120736 | 2020 | |
| Spo0A Suppresses sin Locus Expression in Clostridioides difficile. | Dhungel BA, Govind R | mSphere | 10.1128/mSphere.00963-20 | 2020 | |
| Characterization of Exosporium Layer Variability of Clostridioides difficile Spores in the Epidemically Relevant Strain R20291. | Pizarro-Guajardo M, Calderon-Romero P, Romero-Rodriguez A, Paredes-Sabja D | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01345 | 2020 | |
| The (p)ppGpp Synthetase RSH Mediates Stationary-Phase Onset and Antibiotic Stress Survival in Clostridioides difficile. | Pokhrel A, Poudel A, Castro KB, Celestine MJ, Oludiran A, Rinehold AJ, Resek AM, Mhanna MA, Purcell EB | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00377-20 | 2020 | |
| Evaluation of functionality of type II toxin-antitoxin systems of Clostridioides difficile R20291. | Alvarez R, Ortega-Fuentes C, Queralto C, Inostroza O, Diaz-Yanez F, Gonzalez R, Calderon IL, Fuentes JA, Paredes-Sabja D, Gil F | Microbiol Res | 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126539 | 2020 | |
| Characterization of Clostridioides difficile DSM 101085 with A-B-CDT+ Phenotype from a Late Recurrent Colonization. | Riedel T, Neumann-Schaal M, Wittmann J, Schober I, Hofmann JD, Lu CW, Dannheim A, Zimmermann O, Lochner M, Gross U, Overmann J | Genome Biol Evol | 10.1093/gbe/evaa072 | 2020 | |
| Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) Mitigates the Host Inflammatory Response during Clostridioides difficile Infection by Altering Gut Bile Acids. | Winston JA, Rivera AJ, Cai J, Thanissery R, Montgomery SA, Patterson AD, Theriot CM | Infect Immun | 10.1128/IAI.00045-20 | 2020 | |
| Origin, genomic diversity and microevolution of the Clostridium difficile B1/NAP1/RT027/ST01 strain in Costa Rica, Chile, Honduras and Mexico. | Guerrero-Araya E, Meneses C, Castro-Nallar E, Guzman D AM, Alvarez-Lobos M, Quesada-Gomez C, Paredes-Sabja D, Rodriguez C | Microb Genom | 10.1099/mgen.0.000355 | 2020 | |
| A High-Fat/High-Protein, Atkins-Type Diet Exacerbates Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Infection in Mice, whereas a High-Carbohydrate Diet Protects. | Mefferd CC, Bhute SS, Phan JR, Villarama JV, Do DM, Alarcia S, Abel-Santos E, Hedlund BP | mSystems | 10.1128/mSystems.00765-19 | 2020 | |
| In vitro Production and Immunogenicity of a Clostridium Difficile Spore-Specific BclA3 Glycopeptide Conjugate Vaccine. | Aubry A, Zou W, Vinogradov E, Williams D, Chen W, Harris G, Zhou H, Schur MJ, Gilbert M, Douce GR, Logan SM | Vaccines (Basel) | 10.3390/vaccines8010073 | 2020 | |
| Effect of antibiotic to induce Clostridioides difficile-susceptibility and infectious strain in a mouse model of Clostridioides difficile infection and recurrence. | Castro-Cordova P, Diaz-Yanez F, Munoz-Miralles J, Gil F, Paredes-Sabja D | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102149 | 2020 | |
| The Impact of pH on Clostridioides difficile Sporulation and Physiology. | Wetzel D, McBride SM | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.02706-19 | 2020 | |
| Hypervirulent clade 2, ribotype 019/sequence type 67 Clostridioides difficile strain from Japan. | Saito R, Usui Y, Ayibieke A, Nakajima J, Prah I, Sonobe K, Aiso Y, Ito S, Itsui Y, Hadano Y, Nukui Y, Koike R, Tohda S | Gut Pathog | 10.1186/s13099-019-0336-3 | 2019 | |
| The Transcriptional Regulator Lrp Contributes to Toxin Expression, Sporulation, and Swimming Motility in Clostridium difficile. | Chen KY, Rathod J, Chiu YC, Chen JW, Tsai PJ, Huang IH | Front Cell Infect Microbiol | 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00356 | 2019 | |
| Strain-Dependent RstA Regulation of Clostridioides difficile Toxin Production and Sporulation. | Edwards AN, Krall EG, McBride SM | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00586-19 | 2020 | |
| Using an Endogenous CRISPR-Cas System for Genome Editing in the Human Pathogen Clostridium difficile. | Maikova A, Kreis V, Boutserin A, Severinov K, Soutourina O | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.01416-19 | 2019 | |
| Single cell analysis of nutrient regulation of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile motility. | Courson DS, Pokhrel A, Scott C, Madrill M, Rinehold AJ, Tamayo R, Cheney RE, Purcell EB | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102080 | 2019 | |
| Phenotypic characterisation of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 251, an emerging multi-locus sequence type clade 2 strain in Australia. | Hong S, Knight DR, Chang B, Carman RJ, Riley TV | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.06.019 | 2019 | |
| Interlaboratory reproducibility of a test method following 4-field test methodology to evaluate the susceptibility of Clostridium difficile spores. | Gemein S, Gebel J, Christiansen B, Martiny H, Vossebein L, Brill FHH, Decius M, Eggers M, Koburger-Janssen T, Meckel M, Werner S, Hunsinger B, Selhorst T, Kampf G, Exner M | J Hosp Infect | 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.04.011 | 2019 | |
| Cwp22, a novel peptidoglycan cross-linking enzyme, plays pleiotropic roles in Clostridioides difficile. | Zhu D, Bullock J, He Y, Sun X | Environ Microbiol | 10.1111/1462-2920.14706 | 2019 | |
| Characterization of the virulence of a non-RT027, non-RT078 and binary toxin-positive Clostridium difficile strain associated with severe diarrhea. | Li C, Harmanus C, Zhu D, Meng X, Wang S, Duan J, Liu S, Fu C, Zhou P, Liu R, Wu A, Kuijper EJ, Smits WK, Fu L, Sun X | Emerg Microbes Infect | 10.1038/s41426-018-0211-1 | 2018 | |
| The Conserved Cys-2232 in Clostridioides difficile Toxin B Modulates Receptor Binding. | Chung SY, Schottelndreier D, Tatge H, Fuhner V, Hust M, Beer LA, Gerhard R | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02314 | 2018 | |
| Regulatory Targets of the Response Regulator RR_1586 from Clostridioides difficile Identified Using a Bacterial One-Hybrid Screen. | Hebdon SD, Menon SK, Richter-Addo GB, Karr EA, West AH | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00351-18 | 2018 | |
| Time-resolved transcriptome analysis of Clostridium difficile R20291 response to cysteine. | Gu H, Shi K, Liao Z, Qi H, Chen S, Wang H, Li S, Ma Y, Wang J | Microbiol Res | 10.1016/j.micres.2018.07.003 | 2018 | |
| The Design, Synthesis, and Characterizations of Spore Germination Inhibitors Effective against an Epidemic Strain of Clostridium difficile. | Sharma SK, Yip C, Esposito EX, Sharma PV, Simon MP, Abel-Santos E, Firestine SM | J Med Chem | 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00632 | 2018 | |
| A Small Molecule-Screening Pipeline to Evaluate the Therapeutic Potential of 2-Aminoimidazole Molecules Against Clostridium difficile. | Thanissery R, Zeng D, Doyle RG, Theriot CM | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01206 | 2018 | |
| Convergent Loss of ABC Transporter Genes From Clostridioides difficile Genomes Is Associated With Impaired Tyrosine Uptake and p-Cresol Production. | Steglich M, Hofmann JD, Helmecke J, Sikorski J, Sproer C, Riedel T, Bunk B, Overmann J, Neumann-Schaal M, Nubel U | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00901 | 2018 | |
| Characterization of Flagellum and Toxin Phase Variation in Clostridioides difficile Ribotype 012 Isolates. | Anjuwon-Foster BR, Maldonado-Vazquez N, Tamayo R | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00056-18 | 2018 | |
| Identification of Clostridium difficile Immunoreactive Spore Proteins of the Epidemic Strain R20291. | Pizarro-Guajardo M, Ravanal MC, Paez MD, Callegari E, Paredes-Sabja D | Proteomics Clin Appl | 10.1002/prca.201700182 | 2018 | |
| Pleiotropic roles of Clostridium difficile sin locus. | Girinathan BP, Ou J, Dupuy B, Govind R | PLoS Pathog | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006940 | 2018 | |
| Characterization of the impact of rpoB mutations on the in vitro and in vivo competitive fitness of Clostridium difficile and susceptibility to fidaxomicin. | Kuehne SA, Dempster AW, Collery MM, Joshi N, Jowett J, Kelly ML, Cave R, Longshaw CM, Minton NP | J Antimicrob Chemother | 10.1093/jac/dkx486 | 2018 | |
| Comparative genomic analysis of Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 strains including the newly sequenced strain NCKUH-21 isolated from a patient in Taiwan. | Suzuki H, Tomita M, Tsai PJ, Ko WC, Hung YP, Huang IH, Chen JW | Gut Pathog | 10.1186/s13099-017-0219-4 | 2017 | |
| Biofilm Structures in a Mono-Associated Mouse Model of Clostridium difficile Infection. | Soavelomandroso AP, Gaudin F, Hoys S, Nicolas V, Vedantam G, Janoir C, Bouttier S | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02086 | 2017 | |
| Characterization of Chicken IgY Specific to Clostridium difficile R20291 Spores and the Effect of Oral Administration in Mouse Models of Initiation and Recurrent Disease. | Pizarro-Guajardo M, Diaz-Gonzalez F, Alvarez-Lobos M, Paredes-Sabja D | Front Cell Infect Microbiol | 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00365 | 2017 | |
| High metabolic versatility of different toxigenic and non-toxigenic Clostridioides difficile isolates. | Riedel T, Wetzel D, Hofmann JD, Plorin SPEO, Dannheim H, Berges M, Zimmermann O, Bunk B, Schober I, Sproer C, Liesegang H, Jahn D, Overmann J, Gross U, Neumann-Schaal M | Int J Med Microbiol | 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.05.007 | 2017 | |
| A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment. | Endres B, Basseres E, Rashid T, Chang L, Alam MJ, Garey KW | J Vis Exp | 10.3791/55383 | 2017 | |
| Survival of Clostridium difficile spores at low water activity. | Deng K, Talukdar PK, Sarker MR, Paredes-Sabja D, Torres JA | Food Microbiol | 10.1016/j.fm.2017.03.013 | 2017 | |
| Inhibition of spore germination, growth, and toxin activity of clinically relevant C. difficile strains by gut microbiota derived secondary bile acids. | Thanissery R, Winston JA, Theriot CM | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.03.004 | 2017 | |
| The challenge of detecting indels in bacterial genomes from short-read sequencing data. | Steglich M, Nubel U | J Biotechnol | 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.02.026 | 2017 | |
| Effect of tcdR Mutation on Sporulation in the Epidemic Clostridium difficile Strain R20291. | Girinathan BP, Monot M, Boyle D, McAllister KN, Sorg JA, Dupuy B, Govind R | mSphere | 10.1128/mSphere.00383-16 | 2017 | |
| Making life difficult for Clostridium difficile: augmenting the pathogen's metabolic model with transcriptomic and codon usage data for better therapeutic target characterization. | Kashaf SS, Angione C, Lio P | BMC Syst Biol | 10.1186/s12918-017-0395-3 | 2017 | |
| Evolutionary clade affects resistance of Clostridium difficile spores to Cold Atmospheric Plasma. | Connor M, Flynn PB, Fairley DJ, Marks N, Manesiotis P, Graham WG, Gilmore BF, McGrath JW | Sci Rep | 10.1038/srep41814 | 2017 | |
| Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291. | Winston JA, Thanissery R, Montgomery SA, Theriot CM | J Vis Exp | 10.3791/54850 | 2016 | |
| Characterization of the Clostridium difficile volatile metabolome using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | Rees CA, Shen A, Hill JE | J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci | 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.009 | 2016 | |
| Chemical and Stress Resistances of Clostridium difficile Spores and Vegetative Cells. | Edwards AN, Karim ST, Pascual RA, Jowhar LM, Anderson SE, McBride SM | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01698 | 2016 | |
| Heat shock increases conjugation efficiency in Clostridium difficile. | Kirk JA, Fagan RP | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.06.009 | 2016 | |
| Crystal structures of two nitroreductases from hypervirulent Clostridium difficile and functionally related interactions with the antibiotic metronidazole. | Wang B, Powell SM, Hessami N, Najar FZ, Thomas LM, Karr EA, West AH, Richter-Addo GB | Nitric Oxide | 10.1016/j.niox.2016.09.003 | 2016 | |
| Crystal structure and DNA binding activity of a PadR family transcription regulator from hypervirulent Clostridium difficile R20291. | Isom CE, Menon SK, Thomas LM, West AH, Richter-Addo GB, Karr EA | BMC Microbiol | 10.1186/s12866-016-0850-0 | 2016 | |
| Characterization of the Adherence of Clostridium difficile Spores: The Integrity of the Outermost Layer Affects Adherence Properties of Spores of the Epidemic Strain R20291 to Components of the Intestinal Mucosa. | Mora-Uribe P, Miranda-Cardenas C, Castro-Cordova P, Gil F, Calderon I, Fuentes JA, Rodas PI, Banawas S, Sarker MR, Paredes-Sabja D | Front Cell Infect Microbiol | 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00099 | 2016 | |
| Nosocomial transmission of Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 in a Chinese hospital, 2012-2014, traced by whole genome sequencing. | Jia H, Du P, Yang H, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang W, Han G, Han N, Yao Z, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang Z, Ding Q, Qiang Y, Barbut F, Gao GF, Cao Y, Cheng Y, Chen C | BMC Genomics | 10.1186/s12864-016-2708-0 | 2016 | |
| Deciphering Adaptation Strategies of the Epidemic Clostridium difficile 027 Strain during Infection through In Vivo Transcriptional Analysis. | Kansau I, Barketi-Klai A, Monot M, Hoys S, Dupuy B, Janoir C, Collignon A | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0158204 | 2016 | |
| Evaluating the Effects of Surotomycin Treatment on Clostridium difficile Toxin A and B Production, Immune Response, and Morphological Changes. | Endres BT, Basseres E, Khaleduzzaman M, Alam MJ, Chesnel L, Garey KW | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/AAC.00211-16 | 2016 | |
| Isolation of recombinant antibodies directed against surface proteins of Clostridium difficile. | Shirvan AN, Aitken R | Braz J Microbiol | 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.01.017 | 2016 | |
| Improving the reproducibility of the NAP1/B1/027 epidemic strain R20291 in the hamster model of infection. | Kelly ML, Ng YK, Cartman ST, Collery MM, Cockayne A, Minton NP | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.02.011 | 2016 | |
| Impact on toxin production and cell morphology in Clostridium difficile by ridinilazole (SMT19969), a novel treatment for C. difficile infection. | Basseres E, Endres BT, Khaleduzzaman M, Miraftabi F, Alam MJ, Vickers RJ, Garey KW | J Antimicrob Chemother | 10.1093/jac/dkv498 | 2016 | |
| Clostridium difficile-mediated effects on human intestinal epithelia: Modelling host-pathogen interactions in a vertical diffusion chamber. | Jafari NV, Kuehne SA, Minton NP, Allan E, Bajaj-Elliott M | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.12.007 | 2015 | |
| The SOS Response Master Regulator LexA Is Associated with Sporulation, Motility and Biofilm Formation in Clostridium difficile. | Walter BM, Cartman ST, Minton NP, Butala M, Rupnik M | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0144763 | 2015 | |
| Regulation of Type IV Pili Contributes to Surface Behaviors of Historical and Epidemic Strains of Clostridium difficile. | Purcell EB, McKee RW, Bordeleau E, Burrus V, Tamayo R | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00816-15 | 2015 | |
| Function of the CRISPR-Cas System of the Human Pathogen Clostridium difficile. | Boudry P, Semenova E, Monot M, Datsenko KA, Lopatina A, Sekulovic O, Ospina-Bedoya M, Fortier LC, Severinov K, Dupuy B, Soutourina O | mBio | 10.1128/mBio.01112-15 | 2015 | |
| The Clostridium difficile cell wall protein CwpV confers phase-variable phage resistance. | Sekulovic O, Ospina Bedoya M, Fivian-Hughes AS, Fairweather NF, Fortier LC | Mol Microbiol | 10.1111/mmi.13121 | 2015 | |
| Observations on the Role of TcdE Isoforms in Clostridium difficile Toxin Secretion. | Govind R, Fitzwater L, Nichols R | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00224-15 | 2015 | |
| High-throughput analysis of gene essentiality and sporulation in Clostridium difficile. | Dembek M, Barquist L, Boinett CJ, Cain AK, Mayho M, Lawley TD, Fairweather NF, Fagan RP | mBio | 10.1128/mBio.02383-14 | 2015 | |
| Global transcriptional response of Clostridium difficile carrying the CD38 prophage. | Sekulovic O, Fortier LC | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.03656-14 | 2015 | |
| Survival of Clostridium difficile spores at low temperatures. | Deng K, Plaza-Garrido A, Torres JA, Paredes-Sabja D | Food Microbiol | 10.1016/j.fm.2014.07.022 | 2014 | |
| Comparative nutritional and chemical phenome of Clostridium difficile isolates determined using phenotype microarrays. | Scaria J, Chen JW, Useh N, He H, McDonough SP, Mao C, Sobral B, Chang YF | Int J Infect Dis | 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.06.018 | 2014 | |
| The flagellin FliC of Clostridium difficile is responsible for pleiotropic gene regulation during in vivo infection. | Barketi-Klai A, Monot M, Hoys S, Lambert-Bordes S, Kuehne SA, Minton N, Collignon A, Dupuy B, Kansau I | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0096876 | 2014 | |
| Identification and characterization of glycoproteins on the spore surface of Clostridium difficile. | Strong PC, Fulton KM, Aubry A, Foote S, Twine SM, Logan SM | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.01469-14 | 2014 | |
| The spore-associated protein BclA1 affects the susceptibility of animals to colonization and infection by Clostridium difficile. | Phetcharaburanin J, Hong HA, Colenutt C, Bianconi I, Sempere L, Permpoonpattana P, Smith K, Dembek M, Tan S, Brisson MC, Brisson AR, Fairweather NF, Cutting SM | Mol Microbiol | 10.1111/mmi.12611 | 2014 | |
| Identification, immunogenicity, and cross-reactivity of type IV pilin and pilin-like proteins from Clostridium difficile. | Maldarelli GA, De Masi L, von Rosenvinge EC, Carter M, Donnenberg MS | Pathog Dis | 10.1111/2049-632X.12137 | 2014 | |
| Identification of a novel zinc metalloprotease through a global analysis of Clostridium difficile extracellular proteins. | Cafardi V, Biagini M, Martinelli M, Leuzzi R, Rubino JT, Cantini F, Norais N, Scarselli M, Serruto D, Unnikrishnan M | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081306 | 2013 | |
| The role of flagella in Clostridium difficile pathogenesis: comparison between a non-epidemic and an epidemic strain. | Baban ST, Kuehne SA, Barketi-Klai A, Cartman ST, Kelly ML, Hardie KR, Kansau I, Collignon A, Minton NP | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0073026 | 2013 | |
| Importance of toxin A, toxin B, and CDT in virulence of an epidemic Clostridium difficile strain. | Kuehne SA, Collery MM, Kelly ML, Cartman ST, Cockayne A, Minton NP | J Infect Dis | 10.1093/infdis/jit426 | 2013 | |
| Clostridium difficile modulates host innate immunity via toxin-independent and dependent mechanism(s). | Jafari NV, Kuehne SA, Bryant CE, Elawad M, Wren BW, Minton NP, Allan E, Bajaj-Elliott M | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0069846 | 2013 | |
| The Clostridium difficile exosporium cysteine (CdeC)-rich protein is required for exosporium morphogenesis and coat assembly. | Barra-Carrasco J, Olguin-Araneda V, Plaza-Garrido A, Miranda-Cardenas C, Cofre-Araneda G, Pizarro-Guajardo M, Sarker MR, Paredes-Sabja D | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00369-13 | 2013 | |
| The agr locus regulates virulence and colonization genes in Clostridium difficile 027. | Martin MJ, Clare S, Goulding D, Faulds-Pain A, Barquist L, Browne HP, Pettit L, Dougan G, Lawley TD, Wren BW | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00473-13 | 2013 | |
| Clostridium-DT(DB): a comprehensive database for potential drug targets of Clostridium difficile. | Jadhav A, Ezhilarasan V, Prakash Sharma O, Pan A | Comput Biol Med | 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.01.009 | 2013 | |
| Expanding the repertoire of gene tools for precise manipulation of the Clostridium difficile genome: allelic exchange using pyrE alleles. | Ng YK, Ehsaan M, Philip S, Collery MM, Janoir C, Collignon A, Cartman ST, Minton NP | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0056051 | 2013 | |
| Characterisation of Clostridium difficile biofilm formation, a role for Spo0A. | Dawson LF, Valiente E, Faulds-Pain A, Donahue EH, Wren BW | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0050527 | 2012 | |
| Multiple factors modulate biofilm formation by the anaerobic pathogen Clostridium difficile. | Ethapa T, Leuzzi R, Ng YK, Baban ST, Adamo R, Kuehne SA, Scarselli M, Minton NP, Serruto D, Unnikrishnan M | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.01980-12 | 2012 | |
| Precise manipulation of the Clostridium difficile chromosome reveals a lack of association between the tcdC genotype and toxin production. | Cartman ST, Kelly ML, Heeg D, Heap JT, Minton NP | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.00249-12 | 2012 | |
| Behavior and target site selection of conjugative transposon Tn916 in two different strains of toxigenic Clostridium difficile. | Mullany P, Williams R, Langridge GC, Turner DJ, Whalan R, Clayton C, Lawley T, Hussain H, McCurrie K, Morden N, Allan E, Roberts AP | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.06193-11 | 2012 | |
| Genetic organisation, mobility and predicted functions of genes on integrated, mobile genetic elements in sequenced strains of Clostridium difficile. | Brouwer MS, Warburton PJ, Roberts AP, Mullany P, Allan E | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0023014 | 2011 | |
| The analysis of para-cresol production and tolerance in Clostridium difficile 027 and 012 strains. | Dawson LF, Donahue EH, Cartman ST, Barton RH, Bundy J, McNerney R, Minton NP, Wren BW | BMC Microbiol | 10.1186/1471-2180-11-86 | 2011 | |
| Efficacy of "sporicidal" wipes against Clostridium difficile. | Siani H, Cooper C, Maillard JY | Am J Infect Control | 10.1016/j.ajic.2011.01.006 | 2011 | |
| Infection of hamsters with the UK Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 outbreak strain R20291. | Buckley AM, Spencer J, Candlish D, Irvine JJ, Douce GR | J Med Microbiol | 10.1099/jmm.0.028514-0 | 2011 | |
| In-depth genetic analysis of Clostridium difficile PCR-ribotype 027 strains reveals high genome fluidity including point mutations and inversions. | Stabler RA, Valiente E, Dawson LF, He M, Parkhill J, Wren BW | Gut Microbes | 10.4161/gmic.1.4.11870 | 2010 | |
| Demonstration of conjugative transposon (Tn5397)-mediated horizontal gene transfer between Clostridium difficile and Enterococcus faecalis. | Jasni AS, Mullany P, Hussain H, Roberts AP | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/AAC.00496-10 | 2010 | |
| A mariner-based transposon system for in vivo random mutagenesis of Clostridium difficile. | Cartman ST, Minton NP | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.02525-09 | 2009 | |
| SleC is essential for germination of Clostridium difficile spores in nutrient-rich medium supplemented with the bile salt taurocholate. | Burns DA, Heap JT, Minton NP | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.01209-09 | 2009 | |
| Comparative genome and phenotypic analysis of Clostridium difficile 027 strains provides insight into the evolution of a hypervirulent bacterium. | Stabler RA, He M, Dawson L, Martin M, Valiente E, Corton C, Lawley TD, Sebaihia M, Quail MA, Rose G, Gerding DN, Gibert M, Popoff MR, Parkhill J, Dougan G, Wren BW | Genome Biol | 10.1186/gb-2009-10-9-r102 | 2009 | |
| d-Proline Reductase Underlies Proline-Dependent Growth of Clostridioides difficile. | Johnstone MA, Self WT | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/jb.00229-22 | 2022 | |
| Response Regulator CD1688 Is a Negative Modulator of Sporulation in Clostridioides difficile. | Kempher ML, Morris SC, Shadid TM, Menon SK, Ballard JD, West AH | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/jb.00130-22 | 2022 | |
How to citeIf you want to cite this particular strain cite the following doi:
https://doi.org/10.13145/bacdive22963.20251217.10
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BacDive in 2025: the core database for prokaryotic strain data
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