Campylobacter rectus (DSM 3260, ATCC 33238, CCUG 20446 B)

Name: Campylobacter rectus (DSM 3260, ATCC 33238, CCUG 20446 B)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 2127

Type strain

Culture col. no. DSM 3260 ATCC 33238 CCUG 20446 B NCTC 11489 FDC 371 4 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 203

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM CIP

History DSMZ <- ATCC; ATCC 33238 <- A. C. R. Tanner; FDC 371 JCM <-- T. Mitsuoka <-- A. C. R. Tanner FDC 371.

Links

Campylobacter rectus DSM 3260 is an anaerobe bacterium that was isolated from human peridontal pocket.

anaerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 1551

LMG 7613,ATCC 33238,CIP 103748,DSM 3260,LMG 18219,LMG 18456,LMG 18530,NCTC 11489,CCUG 20446,JCM 6301,KCTC 2575,CCUG 20446 B

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:25:24

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Pseudomonadota

Class Epsilonproteobacteria

Order Campylobacterales

Family Campylobacteraceae

Genus Campylobacter

Species Campylobacter rectus

Full scientific name Campylobacter rectus (Tanner et al. 1981) Vandamme et al. 1991

Synonyms (1)

Wolinella recta

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Campylobacter rectus** (9)	Type strain
142317	C. rectus CCUG 11640, LMG 7611
142319	C. rectus CCUG 11642, LMG 7612
142320	C. rectus CCUG 11643
142322	C. rectus CCUG 11645
143449	C. rectus CCUG 19171
145248	C. rectus CCUG 27948
153225	C. rectus CCUG 48803
156737	C. rectus CCUG 64653 Q
165385	C. rectus JCM 6302

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Confidence
125438	negative	95.461

Colony morphology

@ref	Incubation period
1331	3-7 days
47138	3 days

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
1331	CAMPYLOBACTER RECTUS MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 338)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: CAMPYLOBACTER RECTUS MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 338) Composition: Yeast extract 11.0 g/l Trypticase 9.0 g/l Na-fumarate 3.0 g/l Beef extract 3.0 g/l NaCl 2.0 g/l Na-formate 2.0 g/l Na2HPO4 0.4 g/l Na2CO3 0.25 g/l Haemin 0.005 g/l Resazurin 0.001 g/l Distilled water
38145	MEDIUM 92 - for Campylobacter rectus and Campylobacter mucosalis		Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Columbia agar (39.000 g);Horseblood (100.000 ml);Growth supplement (4.000 ml);Formate solution - M00175 (0.250 ml)
1331	CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78) Composition: Ground beef 487.805 g/l Casitone 29.2683 g/l Agar 14.6341 g/l K2HPO4 4.87805 g/l Yeast extract 4.87805 g/l L-Cysteine HCl 0.487805 g/l Ethanol 0.185366 g/l Haemin 0.00487805 g/l Resazurin 0.00097561 g/l Vitamin K3 0.000487805 g/l Vitamin K1 NaOH Distilled water Water

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
1331	positive	growth	37
38145	positive	growth	37
47138	positive	growth	37
67770	positive	growth	37

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance
1331	anaerobe
47138	anaerobe

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125439		99.436
125438		91.398

Observation

67770

Observationquinones: MK-6, MMK-6

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68373	30089 ChEBI	acetate	-	assimilation	from API CAM
68373	16947 ChEBI	citrate	-	assimilation	from API CAM
68373	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	-	assimilation	from API CAM
68373	25115 ChEBI	malate	-	assimilation	from API CAM
68373	17272 ChEBI	propionate	-	assimilation	from API CAM
68373	30031 ChEBI	succinate	-	assimilation	from API CAM
68373	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API CAM

Antibiotic resistance

@ref	ChEBI	Group ID	Metabolite	Is sensitive	Sensitivity conc.
68373	48923	0	erythromycin		14 µg	from API CAM
68373	100147	0	nalidixic acid		84 µg	from API CAM

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
68382	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
68382	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API zym
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
1331	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	-		from API zym
68373	gamma-glutamyltransferase	-	2.3.2.2	from API CAM
68373	L-aspartate arylamidase	+	3.4.11.21	from API CAM
68382	leucine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	-		from API zym
68373	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	-	3.4.19.3	from API CAM
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
68373	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API CAM
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

Fatty acid profile

Metadata FA analysis

@ref

47138

Fatty acid	Percentage	ECL
C16:0	26.1	16
C12:0	18.6	12
C18:1 ω7c /12t/9t	15.1	17.824
C14:0	13.1	14
C16:1 ω7c	12	15.819
C14:0 3OH/C16:1 ISO I	5.2	15.485
C18:2 ω6,9c/C18:0 ANTE	4.4	17.724
C12:0 ALDE ?	1.2	10.915
C13:0 ISO 2OH	1.1	13.814
C16:0 3OH	1.1	17.52
Unidentified	0.6	13.927
C10:0	0.5	10
C18:0	0.4	18
C13:1 at 12-13	0.4	12.931
C16:1 ω5c	0.3	15.908

Metadata FA analysis

@ref

47138

Fatty acid	Percentage	ECL
C16:0	29.3	16
C18:1 ω7c /12t/9t	19.1	17.824
C12:0	14.2	12
C16:1 ω7c	12.6	15.819
C14:0	11.7	14
C14:0 3OH/C16:1 ISO I	4.2	15.485
C18:2 ω6,9c/C18:0 ANTE	4.1	17.724
C16:0 3OH	1	17.52
C13:0 ISO 2OH	0.9	13.814
C12:0 ALDE ?	0.8	10.915
C18:0	0.7	18
Unidentified	0.6	13.931
C15:0	0.4	15
C13:1 at 12-13	0.4	12.931
C16:1 ω5c	0.2	15.908

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
47138	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

API CAM

@ref	URE	Reduction of nitrateNIT	EsteraseEST	HIP	GGT	TTC	PYRA	L-arginine arylamidaseArgA	L-aspartic acid arylamidaseAspA	PAL	H2S productionH2S	GLU	SUT	NAL	CFZ	ACE	PROP	MLT	CIT	Erythromycin resistance (+) sensitivity (-)ERO	CAT
1331	-	+	+	+	-	+	-	+/-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	+
1331	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+
47138	-	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1331	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1331	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+/-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+
1331	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Host	#Human	-
#Host Body-Site	#Oral cavity and airways	#Periodontal pocket

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Host species	Sampling date	Geographic location	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent
1331	human peridontal pocket	Homo sapiens
47138	Human periodontal pocket	Homo sapiens	1974	Boston	USA	USA	North America
67770	Human periodontal pocket	Homo sapiens

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
1331	2	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM480379v1 assembly for Campylobacter rectus ATCC 33238	complete	GCA_004803795	203.100		203	97.97
66792	Campylobacter rectus strain FDAARGOS_1549	complete		203.119		203	97.94
124043	ASM2073620v1 assembly for Campylobacter rectus FDAARGOS_1549	complete	GCA_020736205	203.118		203	97.78
67770	ASM17417v1 assembly for Campylobacter rectus RM3267	contig	GCA_000174175	553218.4	643886009	553218	56.38

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
20218	UNVERIFIED_ORG: Campylobacter rectus strain ATCC 33238 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	JX912524	1434	203
20218	Campylobacter rectus, complete 16S ribosomal RNA	L04317	1459	203
1331	Campylobacter rectus strain CCUG 20446B 16S ribosomal RNA (rrs) gene, partial sequence	DQ174169	1339	203
67770	Campylobacter rectus gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence, strain: JCM 6301	AB595133	1472	203

GC content

@ref	GC-content (mol%)	Method
1331	42
67770	43	thermal denaturation, midpoint method (Tm)

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: ASM480379v1 assembly for Campylobacter rectus ATCC 33238
NCBI: GCA_004803795

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	obligate anaerobe	65.96	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	negative	84.72	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	81.92	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	99.44	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Campylobacter rectus ATCC 33238
NCBI: GCA_004803795.1

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	no	95.46	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	66.99	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	85.20	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	91.40	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	85.91	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	62.09	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Activity of five antimicrobial peptides against periodontal as well as non-periodontal pathogenic strains.	Enigk K, Jentsch H, Rodloff AC, Eschrich K, Stingu CS.	J Oral Microbiol	10.1080/20002297.2020.1829405	2020
	Evaluation of microbiota associated with Herpesviruses in active sites of generalized aggressive periodontitis.	Passariello C, Gigola P, Testarelli L, Puttini M, Schippa S, Petti S.	Ann Stomatol (Roma)	10.11138/ads/2017.8.2.071	2017
	In-Vitro Effect of Manuka Honey / Propolis Toothpastes on Bacteria and Biofilm Associated with Caries and Gingivitis.	Jungbauer G, Lechner R, Stahli A, Sculean A, Eick S.	Oral Health Prev Dent	10.3290/j.ohpd.c_1910	2025
	Presence of Specific Periodontal Pathogens in Prostate Gland Diagnosed With Chronic Inflammation and Adenocarcinoma.	Alluri LSC, Paes Batista da Silva A, Verma S, Fu P, Shen DL, MacLennan G, Gupta S, Bissada NF.	Cureus	10.7759/cureus.17742	2021
	Anti-biofilm Activity of Oral Health-care Products Containing Chlorhexidine Digluconate and Citrox.	Jeyakumar J, Sculean A, Eick S.	Oral Health Prev Dent	10.3290/j.ohpd.a45437	2020
	Evaluation of the Microbial Profile on the Polydioxanone Membrane and the Collagen Membrane Exposed to Multi-Species Subgingival Biofilm: An In Vitro Study.	Cintra Moreira MV, Figueiredo LC, da Cunha Melo MAR, Uyeda FH, da Silva LDA, Macedo TT, Sacco R, Mourao CF, Shibli JA, Bueno-Silva B.	Membranes (Basel)	10.3390/membranes13120907	2023
	An In Vitro study to Compare Dental Laser with other Treatment Modalities on Biofilm Ablation from Implant and Tooth Surfaces.	Vaddamanu SK, Vyas R, Kavita K, Sushma R, Rani RP, Dixit A, Badiyani BK.	J Pharm Bioallied Sci	10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_98_22	2022
	The In-Vitro Activity of a Cold Atmospheric Plasma Device Utilizing Ambient Air against Bacteria and Biofilms Associated with Periodontal or Peri-Implant Diseases.	Jungbauer G, Favaro L, Muller S, Sculean A, Eick S.	Antibiotics (Basel)	10.3390/antibiotics11060752	2022
	In silico investigation of the genus Campylobacter type VI secretion system reveals genetic diversity in organization and putative effectors.	Robinson L, Liaw J, Omole Z, Corcionivoschi N, Hachani A, Gundogdu O.	Microb Genom	10.1099/mgen.0.000898	2022
	In vitro activity of hyaluronic acid and human serum on periodontal biofilm and periodontal ligament fibroblasts.	Zhu X, von Werdt L, Zappala G, Sculean A, Eick S, Stahli A.	Clin Oral Investig	10.1007/s00784-023-05121-z	2023
Metabolism	Characterization of ecotin homologs from Campylobacter rectus and Campylobacter showae.	Thomas C, Nothaft H, Yadav R, Fodor C, Alemka A, Oni O, Bell M, Rada B, Szymanski CM.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0244031	2020
	In Vitro Activity of Propolis on Oral Microorganisms and Biofilms.	Stahli A, Schroter H, Bullitta S, Serralutzu F, Dore A, Nietzsche S, Milia E, Sculean A, Eick S.	Antibiotics (Basel)	10.3390/antibiotics10091045	2021
Pathogenicity	In-vitro effects of different hyaluronic acids on periodontal biofilm-immune cell interaction.	Zhu X, Sculean A, Eick S.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2024.1414861	2024
	Antibacterial Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite and EDTA in Combination with High-Purity Nisin on an Endodontic-like Biofilm Model.	Pinheiro ET, Karygianni L, Attin T, Thurnheer T.	Antibiotics (Basel)	10.3390/antibiotics10091141	2021
	Propolis, Aloe Vera, Green Tea, Cranberry, Calendula, Myrrha and Salvia Properties against Periodontal Microorganisms.	Figueiredo LC, Freitas Figueiredo N, da Cruz DF, Baccelli GT, Sarachini GE, Bueno MR, Feres M, Bueno-Silva B.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms10112172	2022
	Antibacterial Effect of High-Purity Nisin Alone and in Combination with D-Amino Acids or Chlorhexidine in an Endodontic-Like Biofilm Model.	Pinheiro ET, Karygianni L, Attin T, Thurnheer T.	Antibiotics (Basel)	10.3390/antibiotics10020149	2021
	Biofilm in Endodontics: In Vitro Cultivation Possibilities, Sonic-, Ultrasonic- and Laser-Assisted Removal Techniques and Evaluation of the Cleaning Efficacy.	Josic U, Mazzitelli C, Maravic T, Fidler A, Breschi L, Mazzoni A.	Polymers (Basel)	10.3390/polym14071334	2022
	TLR4, NOD1 and NOD2 mediate immune recognition of putative newly identified periodontal pathogens.	Marchesan J, Jiao Y, Schaff RA, Hao J, Morelli T, Kinney JS, Gerow E, Sheridan R, Rodrigues V, Paster BJ, Inohara N, Giannobile WV.	Mol Oral Microbiol	10.1111/omi.12116	2016
Enzymology	Bacteriological analysis of necrotic pulp and fistulae in primary teeth.	Fabris AS, Nakano V, Avila-Campos MJ.	J Appl Oral Sci	10.1590/1678-775720130358	2014
	Associations between Periodontal Microbiota and Death Rates.	Chiu CJ, Chang ML, Taylor A.	Sci Rep	10.1038/srep35428	2016
	Transferrin as a source of iron for Campylobacter rectus.	Grenier D, Tanabe S.	J Oral Microbiol	10.3402/jom.v3i0.5660	2011
	In vitro culture of previously uncultured oral bacterial phylotypes.	Thompson H, Rybalka A, Moazzez R, Dewhirst FE, Wade WG.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02156-15	2015
Pathogenicity	In vitro-activity of oily calcium hydroxide suspension on microorganisms as well as on human alveolar osteoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts.	Eick S, Strugar T, Miron RJ, Sculean A.	BMC Oral Health	10.1186/1472-6831-14-9	2014
	In Vitro-Activity of Er:YAG Laser in Comparison with other Treatment Modalities on Biofilm Ablation from Implant and Tooth Surfaces.	Eick S, Meier I, Spoerle F, Bender P, Aoki A, Izumi Y, Salvi GE, Sculean A.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0171086	2017
	Serum antibodies to periodontal pathogens are a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.	Sparks Stein P, Steffen MJ, Smith C, Jicha G, Ebersole JL, Abner E, Dawson D.	Alzheimers Dement	10.1016/j.jalz.2011.04.006	2012
Pathogenicity	Effect of smokeless tobacco products on human oral bacteria growth and viability.	Liu M, Jin J, Pan H, Feng J, Cerniglia CE, Yang M, Chen H.	Anaerobe	10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.10.006	2016
	Modulation of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap and Reactive Oxygen Species Release by Periodontal Bacteria.	Hirschfeld J, White PC, Milward MR, Cooper PR, Chapple ILC.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.00297-17	2017
	Periodontal Bacteria and Prediabetes Prevalence in ORIGINS: The Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance, and Insulin Resistance Study.	Demmer RT, Jacobs DR, Singh R, Zuk A, Rosenbaum M, Papapanou PN, Desvarieux M.	J Dent Res	10.1177/0022034515590369	2015
	Filifactor alocis--involvement in periodontal biofilms.	Schlafer S, Riep B, Griffen AL, Petrich A, Hubner J, Berning M, Friedmann A, Gobel UB, Moter A.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/1471-2180-10-66	2010
	Oral bacteria induce a differential activation of human immunodeficiency virus-1 promoter in T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells.	Huang CB, Emerson KA, Gonzalez OA, Ebersole JL.	Oral Microbiol Immunol	10.1111/j.1399-302x.2009.00533.x	2009
Pathogenicity	Photoactive porphyrin derivative with broad-spectrum activity against oral pathogens In vitro.	Rovaldi CR, Pievsky A, Sole NA, Friden PM, Rothstein DM, Spacciapoli P.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.44.12.3364-3367.2000	2000
	Antibacterial Activity of As-Annealed TiO2 Nanotubes Doped with Ag Nanoparticles against Periodontal Pathogens.	Yeniyol S, He Z, Yuksel B, Boylan RJ, Urgen M, Ozdemir T, Ricci JL.	Bioinorg Chem Appl	10.1155/2014/829496	2014
	Systemic immune responses in pregnancy and periodontitis: relationship to pregnancy outcomes in the Obstetrics and Periodontal Therapy (OPT) study.	Ebersole JL, Novak MJ, Michalowicz BS, Hodges JS, Steffen MJ, Ferguson JE, Diangelis A, Buchanan W, Mitchell DA, Papapanou PN.	J Periodontol	10.1902/jop.2009.080464	2009
Phylogeny	Are putative periodontal pathogens reliable diagnostic markers?	Riep B, Edesi-Neuss L, Claessen F, Skarabis H, Ehmke B, Flemmig TF, Bernimoulin JP, Gobel UB, Moter A.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01387-08	2009
	An in vitro biofilm model of subgingival plaque.	Walker C, Sedlacek MJ.	Oral Microbiol Immunol	10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00336.x	2007
Enzymology	Population-based study of salivary carriage of periodontal pathogens in adults.	Kononen E, Paju S, Pussinen PJ, Hyvonen M, Di Tella P, Suominen-Taipale L, Knuuttila M.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.02560-06	2007
	Subgingival bacteria in Ghanaian adolescents with or without progression of attachment loss.	Dahlen G, Claesson R, Aberg CH, Haubek D, Johansson A, Kwamin F.	J Oral Microbiol	10.3402/jom.v6.23977	2014
	Optimizing qPCR for the Quantification of Periodontal Pathogens in a Complex Plaque Biofilm.	Kirakodu SS, Govindaswami M, Novak MJ, Ebersole JL, Novak KF.	Open Dent J	10.2174/1874210600802010049	2008
Enzymology	Periodontal microbiota and phospholipases: the Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST).	Boillot A, Demmer RT, Mallat Z, Sacco RL, Jacobs DR, Benessiano J, Tedgui A, Rundek T, Papapanou PN, Desvarieux M.	Atherosclerosis	10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.039	2015
	Genome-wide association study of periodontal pathogen colonization.	Divaris K, Monda KL, North KE, Olshan AF, Lange EM, Moss K, Barros SP, Beck JD, Offenbacher S.	J Dent Res	10.1177/0022034512447951	2012
Enzymology	Detection of unculturable bacteria in periodontal health and disease by PCR.	Harper-Owen R, Dymock D, Booth V, Weightman AJ, Wade WG.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.37.5.1469-1473.1999	1999
Pathogenicity	Changes in clinical and microbiological periodontal profiles relate to progression of carotid intima-media thickness: the Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology study.	Desvarieux M, Demmer RT, Jacobs DR, Papapanou PN, Sacco RL, Rundek T.	J Am Heart Assoc	10.1161/jaha.113.000254	2013
	Microbial Biofilm Decontamination on Dental Implant Surfaces: A Mini Review.	Dhaliwal JS, Abd Rahman NA, Ming LC, Dhaliwal SKS, Knights J, Albuquerque Junior RF.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2021.736186	2021
	Effects of azithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, and metronidazole plus amoxicillin on an in vitro polymicrobial subgingival biofilm model.	Soares GM, Teles F, Starr JR, Feres M, Patel M, Martin L, Teles R.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.04974-14	2015
	A Biofilm Pocket Model to Evaluate Different Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment Modalities in Terms of Biofilm Removal and Reformation, Surface Alterations and Attachment of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts.	Hagi TT, Klemensberger S, Bereiter R, Nietzsche S, Cosgarea R, Flury S, Lussi A, Sculean A, Eick S.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0131056	2015
	Design and evaluation of useful bacterium-specific PCR primers that amplify genes coding for bacterial 16S rRNA.	Marchesi JR, Sato T, Weightman AJ, Martin TA, Fry JC, Hiom SJ, Dymock D, Wade WG.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.64.2.795-799.1998	1998
Metabolism	Periodontal pathogens produce quorum sensing signal molecules.	Frias J, Olle E, Alsina M.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.69.5.3431-3434.2001	2001
	Evaluation of antibodies reactive with Campylobacter jejuni in Egyptian diarrhea patients.	Ismail TF, Wasfy MO, Oyofo BA, Mansour MM, El-Berry HM, Churilla AM, Eldin SS, Peruski LF.	Clin Diagn Lab Immunol	10.1128/cdli.4.5.536-539.1997	1997
	Identification by subtractive hybridization of a novel insertion sequence specific for virulent strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis.	Sawada K, Kokeguchi S, Hongyo H, Sawada S, Miyamoto M, Maeda H, Nishimura F, Takashiba S, Murayama Y.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.67.11.5621-5625.1999	1999
	Use of defined mutants to assess the role of the Campylobacter rectus S-layer in bacterium-epithelial cell interactions.	Wang B, Kraig E, Kolodrubetz D.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.68.3.1465-1473.2000	2000
	Campylobacter surface-layers (S-layers) and immune evasion.	Thompson SA.	Ann Periodontol	10.1902/annals.2002.7.1.43	2002
	The vaginal microflora in relation to gingivitis.	Persson R, Hitti J, Verhelst R, Vaneechoutte M, Persson R, Hirschi R, Weibel M, Rothen M, Temmerman M, Paul K, Eschenbach D.	BMC Infect Dis	10.1186/1471-2334-9-6	2009
Enzymology	Evidence for the absence of hyaluronidase activity in Porphyromonas gingivalis.	Grenier D, Michaud J.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.31.7.1913-1915.1993	1993
	Evaluation of the oxyrase OxyPlate anaerobe incubation system.	Wiggs LS, Cavallaro JJ, Miller JM.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.38.2.499-507.2000	2000
	Improved multiplex PCR using conserved and species-specific 16S rRNA gene primers for simultaneous detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus, and Porphyromonas gingivalis.	Tran SD, Rudney JD.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.37.11.3504-3508.1999	1999
Metabolism	Subgingival bacterial colonization profiles correlate with gingival tissue gene expression.	Papapanou PN, Behle JH, Kebschull M, Celenti R, Wolf DL, Handfield M, Pavlidis P, Demmer RT.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/1471-2180-9-221	2009
Enzymology	Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis from saliva by PCR by using a simple sample-processing method.	Matto J, Saarela M, Alaluusua S, Oja V, Jousimies-Somer H, Asikainen S.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.36.1.157-160.1998	1998
Pathogenicity	Characterization of tetracycline and erythromycin resistance determinants in Treponema denticola.	Roberts MC, Chung WO, Roe DE.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.40.7.1690	1996
	Periodontal microbiota and carotid intima-media thickness: the Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST).	Desvarieux M, Demmer RT, Rundek T, Boden-Albala B, Jacobs DR, Sacco RL, Papapanou PN.	Circulation	10.1161/01.cir.0000154582.37101.15	2005
Enzymology	PCR-DNA probe assays for identification and detection of Prevotella intermedia sensu stricto and Prevotella nigrescens.	Guillot E, Mouton C.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.35.7.1876-1882.1997	1997
Enzymology	Multiplex PCR using conserved and species-specific 16S rRNA gene primers for simultaneous detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis.	Tran SD, Rudney JD.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.34.11.2674-2678.1996	1996
Phylogeny	Differentiation of Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari, and Campylobacter upsaliensis by a multiplex PCR developed from the nucleotide sequence of the lipid A gene lpxA.	Klena JD, Parker CT, Knibb K, Ibbitt JC, Devane PM, Horn ST, Miller WG, Konkel ME.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.42.12.5549-5557.2004	2004
	Identification and characterization of an immunogenic outer membrane protein of Campylobacter jejuni.	Burnens A, Stucki U, Nicolet J, Frey J.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.33.11.2826-2832.1995	1995
	The Treponema denticola major sheath protein is predominantly periplasmic and has only limited surface exposure.	Caimano MJ, Bourell KW, Bannister TD, Cox DL, Radolf JD.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.67.8.4072-4083.1999	1999
Phylogeny	Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Helicobacter cinaedi and Helicobacter fennelliae strains isolated from humans and animals.	Kiehlbauch JA, Brenner DJ, Cameron DN, Steigerwalt AG, Makowski JM, Baker CN, Patton CM, Wachsmuth IK.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.33.11.2940-2947.1995	1995
	The s-layer glycome-adding to the sugar coat of bacteria.	Ristl R, Steiner K, Zarschler K, Zayni S, Messner P, Schaffer C.	Int J Microbiol	10.1155/2011/127870	2011
	Arcobacter-specific and Arcobacter butzleri-specific 16S rRNA-based DNA probes.	Wesley IV, Schroeder-Tucker L, Baetz AL, Dewhirst FE, Paster BJ.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.33.7.1691-1698.1995	1995
Pathogenicity	Pancreatic amylase is an environmental signal for regulation of biofilm formation and host interaction in Campylobacter jejuni.	Jowiya W, Brunner K, Abouelhadid S, Hussain HA, Nair SP, Sadiq S, Williams LK, Trantham EK, Stephenson H, Wren BW, Bajaj-Elliott M, Cogan TA, Laws AP, Wade J, Dorrell N, Allan E.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.01064-15	2015
Phylogeny	First case of Campylobacter rectus and Solobacterium moorei mixed bacteraemia successfully identified by MALDI TOF-MS.	Genderini FG, Martiny D, Ponthieux F, Argudin MA, Gomez Galdon M, Zaarour A, Garcia C, Libois A, Gerard M, Dauby N.	New Microbes New Infect	10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100587	2019
Pathogenicity	Prognosis of periodontitis recurrence after intensive periodontal treatment using examination of serum IgG antibody titer against periodontal bacteria.	Sugi N, Naruishi K, Kudo C, Hisaeda-Kako A, Kono T, Maeda H, Takashiba S	J Clin Lab Anal	10.1002/jcla.20381	2011
Pathogenicity	Identification of novel genes in the oral pathogen Campylobacter rectus.	LaGier MJ, Threadgill DS	Oral Microbiol Immunol	10.1111/j.1399-302X.2008.00443.x	2008
Pathogenicity	Detection of Campylobacter rectus in periodontitis sites by monoclonal antibodies.	Ihara H, Miura T, Kato T, Ishihara K, Nakagawa T, Yamada S, Okuda K	J Periodontal Res	10.1034/j.1600-0765.2003.01627.x	2003
Pathogenicity	Antigenic properties of the GroEL-like protein of Campylobacter rectus.	Hinode D, Yokoyama M, Tanabe S, Yoshioka M, Nakamura R	Oral Microbiol Immunol	10.1046/j.0902-0055.2001.00086.x	2002
Genetics	A new member of the S-layer protein family: characterization of the crs gene from Campylobacter rectus.	Wang B, Kraig E, Kolodrubetz D	Infect Immun	10.1128/IAI.66.4.1521-1526.1998	1998
Metabolism	Contribution of IL-1 beta to the enhancement of Campylobacter rectus lipopolysaccharide-stimulated PGE2 production in old gingival fibroblasts in vitro.	Takiguchi H, Yamaguchi M, Okamura H, Abiko Y	Mech Ageing Dev	10.1016/s0047-6374(97)00068-7	1997
Pathogenicity	Role for the S-layer of Campylobacter rectus ATCC33238 in complement mediated killing and phagocytic killing by leukocytes from guinea pig and human peripheral blood.	Okuda K, Kigure T, Yamada S, Kaneko T, Ishihara K, Miura T, Kato T, Takazoe I	Oral Dis	10.1111/j.1601-0825.1997.tb00022.x	1997
Phylogeny	Purification and characterization of Campylobacter rectus surface layer proteins.	Nitta H, Holt SC, Ebersole JL	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.65.2.478-483.1997	1997
Pathogenicity	Effect of in vitro aging on Campylobacter rectus lipopolysaccharide-stimulated PGE2 release from human gingival fibroblasts.	Takiguchi H, Yamaguchi M, Mochizuki K, Abiko Y	Oral Dis	10.1111/j.1601-0825.1996.tb00225.x	1996
Pathogenicity	In vitro senescence enhances IL-6 production in human gingival fibroblasts induced by lipopolysaccharide from Campylobacter rectus.	Ogura N, Matsuda U, Tanaka F, Shibata Y, Takiguchi H, Abiko Y	Mech Ageing Dev	10.1016/0047-6374(96)01701-0	1996
Pathogenicity	Production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines by human gingival fibroblasts following bacterial challenge.	Dongari-Bagtzoglou AI, Ebersole JL	J Periodontal Res	10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00469.x	1996
Phylogeny	Antigenic properties of Campylobacter rectus (Wolinella recta) major S-layer proteins.	Kobayashi Y, Ohta H, Kokeguchi S, Murayama Y, Kato K, Kurihara H, Fukui K	FEMS Microbiol Lett	10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06115.x	1993
Phylogeny	Isolation and partial characterization of the Campylobacter rectus cytotoxin.	Gillespie MJ, Smutko J, Haraszthy GG, Zambon JJ	Microb Pathog	10.1006/mpat.1993.1020	1993
Enzymology	Analysis of cell surface antigens of Campylobacter rectus.	Kaneko T	Bull Tokyo Dent Coll		1992
Metabolism	Pore-forming ability of major outer membrane proteins from Wolinella recta ATCC 33238.	Kennell WL, Egli C, Hancock RE, Holt SC	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.60.2.380-384.1992	1992
Enzymology	Extraction, purification, and characterization of major outer membrane proteins from Wolinella recta ATCC 33238.	Kennell WL, Holt SC	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.59.10.3740-3749.1991	1991
	Virulence of Wolinella recta in a murine abscess model.	Kesavalu L, Holt SC, Crawley RR, Borinski R, Ebersole JL	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.59.8.2806-2817.1991	1991
Phylogeny	Monoclonal antibody to a specific antigen from Wolinella recta ATCC 33238.	Kurihara H, Nishimura F, Kokeguchi S, Kato K, Van Dyke TE, Murayama Y	FEMS Microbiol Lett	10.1016/0378-1097(91)90416-8	1991
Enzymology	Comparative study of lipopolysaccharides from Wolinella recta, W. curva, W. succinogenes and Campylobacter sputorum ssp. sputorum.	Kokeguchi S, Tsutsui O, Kato K, Matsumura T	FEMS Microbiol Lett	10.1016/0378-1097(91)90230-8	1991
Pathogenicity	Interaction of gram-negative periodontal pathogens with retinoic acid-induced and dimethyl sulfoxide-induced HL-60 cells.	Armitage GC, Holt SC	Oral Microbiol Immunol	10.1111/j.1399-302x.1990.tb00421.x	1990
Enzymology	Surface characteristics of Wolinella recta ATCC 33238 and human clinical isolates: correlation of structure with function.	Borinski R, Holt SC	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.58.9.2770-2776.1990	1990
	Three-dimensional structure of the surface layer of Wolinella recta.	Dokland T, Olsen I, Farrants G, Johansen BV	Oral Microbiol Immunol	10.1111/j.1399-302x.1990.tb00415.x	1990
Enzymology	Cell surface protein antigen from Wolinella recta ATCC 33238T.	Kokeguchi S, Kato K, Kurihara H, Murayama Y	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.27.6.1210-1217.1989	1989
Phylogeny	DNA-DNA hybridization incompatibility of Campylobacter pylori with other Campylobacter and Wolinella species.	Bukholm G, Nedenskov-Sorensen P, Bovre K	APMIS		1989
Enzymology	Chemical and biological properties of lipopolysaccharide, lipid A and degraded polysaccharide from Wolinella recta ATCC 33238.	Kumada H, Watanabe K, Umemoto T, Kato K, Kondo S, Hisatsune K	J Gen Microbiol	10.1099/00221287-135-4-1017	1989
Metabolism	Chemical and biological characterization of the lipopolysaccharide of the oral pathogen Wolinella recta ATCC 33238.	Gillespie J, Weintraub ST, Wong GG, Holt SC	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.56.8.2028-2035.1988	1988
Phylogeny	Comparison of strains of gram-negative, anaerobic, agar-corroding rods isolated from soft tissue infections in cats and dogs with type strains of Bacteroides gracilis, Wolinella recta, Wolinella succinogenes, and Campylobacter concisus.	Love DN, Jones RF, Bailey M, Calverley A	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.20.4.747-750.1984	1984

References

#1331	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 3260
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#38145	; Curators of the CIP;
#47138	Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) ; Curators of the CCUG; CCUG 20446 B
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68373	Automatically annotated from API CAM .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Campylobacter rectus (DSM 3260, ATCC 33238, CCUG 20446 B)

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