Acetonema longum (DSM 6540, ATCC 51454, APO-1)

Name: Acetonema longum (DSM 6540, ATCC 51454, APO-1)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 17111

Type strain

Strain Designation APO-1

Culture col. no. DSM 6540 ATCC 51454 APO-1

NCBI tax ID(s) 1009370 2374

Special Collections DSMZ

History DSMZ <- J. Breznak, APO-1

Links

Acetonema longum APO-1 is an anaerobe bacterium that was isolated from gut, termite, Pterotermes occidentis.

anaerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 42994

ATCC 51454,DSM 6540

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:28:56

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Negativicutes

Order Selenomonadales

Family Sporomusaceae

Genus Acetonema

Species Acetonema longum

Full scientific name Acetonema longum Kane and Breznak 1992

Morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Medium link	Composition
2724	SPOROMUSA ACIDOVORANS MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 311c)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: SPOROMUSA ACIDOVORANS MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 311c; with strain-specific modifications) Composition: NaCl 2.23881 g/l D-Glucose 1.99005 g/l Casitone 1.99005 g/l Yeast extract 1.99005 g/l Na2CO3 0.995025 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.497512 g/l NH4Cl 0.497512 g/l K2HPO4 0.348259 g/l CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.248756 g/l KH2PO4 0.228856 g/l DL-Dithiothreitol 0.149254 g/l HCl 0.00248756 g/l FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.00199005 g/l FeCl2 x 4 H2O 0.00149254 g/l Sodium resazurin 0.000497512 g/l NaOH 0.000497512 g/l CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.000189055 g/l Pyridoxine hydrochloride 9.95025e-05 g/l MnCl2 x 4 H2O 9.95025e-05 g/l ZnCl2 6.96517e-05 g/l p-Aminobenzoic acid 4.97512e-05 g/l (DL)-alpha-Lipoic acid 4.97512e-05 g/l Nicotinic acid 4.97512e-05 g/l Riboflavin 4.97512e-05 g/l Thiamine HCl 4.97512e-05 g/l Calcium D-(+)-pantothenate 4.97512e-05 g/l Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 3.58209e-05 g/l NiCl2 x 6 H2O 2.38806e-05 g/l Folic acid 1.99005e-05 g/l Biotin 1.99005e-05 g/l H3BO3 5.97015e-06 g/l Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 3.9801e-06 g/l Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 2.98507e-06 g/l CuCl2 x 2 H2O 1.99005e-06 g/l Vitamin B12 9.95025e-07 g/l Distilled water

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
2724	positive	growth	30

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
2724	anaerobe
125439	facultative anaerobe	91.208

Pathway annotation

Computationally determined by

@ref	pathway	enzyme coverage	annotated reactions
66794	cis-vaccenate biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	aminopropanol phosphate biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	gluconeogenesis	100	8 of 8
66794	C4 and CAM-carbon fixation	100	8 of 8
66794	reductive acetyl coenzyme A pathway	100	7 of 7
66794	pentose phosphate pathway	100	11 of 11
66794	methylglyoxal degradation	100	5 of 5
66794	adipate degradation	100	2 of 2
66794	ppGpp biosynthesis	100	4 of 4
66794	biotin biosynthesis	100	4 of 4
66794	L-lactaldehyde degradation	100	3 of 3
66794	isoleucine metabolism	100	8 of 8
66794	anapleurotic synthesis of oxalacetate	100	1 of 1
66794	suberin monomers biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis	100	3 of 3
66794	palmitate biosynthesis	100	22 of 22
66794	folate polyglutamylation	100	1 of 1
66794	CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	sulfopterin metabolism	100	4 of 4
66794	coenzyme A metabolism	100	4 of 4
66794	ribulose monophosphate pathway	100	2 of 2
66794	urea cycle	92.31	12 of 13
66794	threonine metabolism	90	9 of 10
66794	propionate fermentation	90	9 of 10
66794	myo-inositol biosynthesis	90	9 of 10
66794	valine metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	lipid A biosynthesis	88.89	8 of 9
66794	aspartate and asparagine metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	CO2 fixation in Crenarchaeota	88.89	8 of 9
66794	alanine metabolism	86.21	25 of 29
66794	ubiquinone biosynthesis	85.71	6 of 7
66794	citric acid cycle	85.71	12 of 14
66794	heme metabolism	85.71	12 of 14
66794	propanol degradation	85.71	6 of 7
66794	vitamin B1 metabolism	84.62	11 of 13
66794	phenylalanine metabolism	84.62	11 of 13
66794	selenocysteine biosynthesis	83.33	5 of 6
66794	glycolate and glyoxylate degradation	83.33	5 of 6
66794	vitamin B12 metabolism	82.35	28 of 34
66794	pyrimidine metabolism	82.22	37 of 45
66794	starch degradation	80	8 of 10
66794	hydrogen production	80	4 of 5
66794	peptidoglycan biosynthesis	80	12 of 15
66794	glycine betaine biosynthesis	80	4 of 5
66794	cellulose degradation	80	4 of 5
66794	tetrahydrofolate metabolism	78.57	11 of 14
66794	glutamate and glutamine metabolism	78.57	22 of 28
66794	photosynthesis	78.57	11 of 14
66794	serine metabolism	77.78	7 of 9
66794	molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis	77.78	7 of 9
66794	chorismate metabolism	77.78	7 of 9
66794	NAD metabolism	77.78	14 of 18
66794	d-mannose degradation	77.78	7 of 9
66794	purine metabolism	77.66	73 of 94
66794	glycolysis	76.47	13 of 17
66794	glycogen biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	acetate fermentation	75	3 of 4
66794	butanoate fermentation	75	3 of 4
66794	CMP-KDO biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	degradation of sugar alcohols	75	12 of 16
66794	flavin biosynthesis	73.33	11 of 15
66794	vitamin B6 metabolism	72.73	8 of 11
66794	histidine metabolism	72.41	21 of 29
66794	cardiolipin biosynthesis	71.43	5 of 7
66794	Entner Doudoroff pathway	70	7 of 10
66794	oxidative phosphorylation	69.23	63 of 91
66794	leucine metabolism	69.23	9 of 13
66794	acetyl CoA biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	cysteine metabolism	66.67	12 of 18
66794	formaldehyde oxidation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	acetoin degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	enterobactin biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	octane oxidation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	tryptophan metabolism	65.79	25 of 38
66794	phenol degradation	65	13 of 20
66794	glutathione metabolism	64.29	9 of 14
66794	degradation of sugar acids	64	16 of 25
66794	proline metabolism	63.64	7 of 11
66794	arginine metabolism	62.5	15 of 24
66794	6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis	62.5	5 of 8
66794	methionine metabolism	61.54	16 of 26
66794	isoprenoid biosynthesis	61.54	16 of 26
66794	metabolism of amino sugars and derivatives	60	3 of 5
66794	glycogen metabolism	60	3 of 5
66794	lipoate biosynthesis	60	3 of 5
66794	factor 420 biosynthesis	60	3 of 5
66794	4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation	60	6 of 10
66794	phenylacetate degradation (aerobic)	60	3 of 5
66794	gallate degradation	60	3 of 5
66794	coenzyme M biosynthesis	60	6 of 10
66794	non-pathway related	57.89	22 of 38
66794	lysine metabolism	57.14	24 of 42
66794	nitrate assimilation	55.56	5 of 9
66794	degradation of hexoses	55.56	10 of 18
66794	lipid metabolism	54.84	17 of 31
66794	toluene degradation	50	2 of 4
66794	1,4-dihydroxy-6-naphthoate biosynthesis	50	3 of 6
66794	degradation of pentoses	50	14 of 28
66794	quinate degradation	50	1 of 2
66794	lactate fermentation	50	2 of 4
66794	glycine metabolism	50	5 of 10
66794	phenylmercury acetate degradation	50	1 of 2
66794	pantothenate biosynthesis	50	3 of 6
66794	ketogluconate metabolism	50	4 of 8
66794	ethanol fermentation	50	1 of 2
66794	dolichol and dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	phosphatidylethanolamine bioynthesis	46.15	6 of 13
66794	allantoin degradation	44.44	4 of 9
66794	tyrosine metabolism	42.86	6 of 14
66794	degradation of aromatic, nitrogen containing compounds	41.67	5 of 12
66794	ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway	40	2 of 5
66794	arachidonate biosynthesis	40	2 of 5
66794	3-chlorocatechol degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	bacilysin biosynthesis	40	2 of 5
66794	polyamine pathway	39.13	9 of 23
66794	phenylpropanoid biosynthesis	38.46	5 of 13
66794	sulfate reduction	38.46	5 of 13
66794	dTDPLrhamnose biosynthesis	37.5	3 of 8
66794	cyanate degradation	33.33	1 of 3
66794	IAA biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	sphingosine metabolism	33.33	2 of 6
66794	3-phenylpropionate degradation	33.33	5 of 15
66794	ascorbate metabolism	31.82	7 of 22
66794	benzoyl-CoA degradation	28.57	2 of 7
66794	d-xylose degradation	27.27	3 of 11
66794	metabolism of disaccharids	27.27	3 of 11
66794	methanogenesis from CO2	25	3 of 12
66794	cyclohexanol degradation	25	1 of 4
66794	carnitine metabolism	25	2 of 8
66794	vitamin E metabolism	25	1 of 4

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Host	#Arthropoda	#Insecta
#Host Body-Site	#Gastrointestinal tract	#Stomach

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Host species	Geographic location	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent
2724	gut, termite, Pterotermes occidentis	Pterotermes occidentis	Arizona	USA	USA	North America

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence AJ010964 (>99% sequence identity) for Acetonema longum subclade from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	346
Soil Samples	218
Animal Samples	5755
Plant Samples	53
Total Samples	6372

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
2724	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM21912v1 assembly for Acetonema longum DSM 6540	scaffold	GCA_000219125	1009370.3	651324002	1009370	18.23

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
2724	Acetonema longum DSM 6540(T), 16S rRNA gene	AJ010964	1510		1009370

GC content

2724

GC-content (mol%)51.5

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: ASM21912v1 assembly for Acetonema longum DSM 6540
NCBI: GCA_000219125

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	facultative anaerobe	91.21	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	variable	62.93	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	59.18	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	54.99	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Acetonema longum DSM 6540 DSM 6540
NCBI: GCA_000219125.2

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	no	79.49	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	yes	86.83	yes
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	92.07	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	yes	58.89	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	88.27	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	71.16	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Treatment with the Bifidobacterium longum Strain DSM 32947 Increases Bone Mineral Density in Female Mice.	Ohlsson C, Hagg D, Horkeby K, Nilsson KH, Lawenius L, Wu J, Koskela A, Tuukkanen J, Grahnemo L, Lundberg LE, Roos S, Sjogren K.	Calcif Tissue Int	10.1007/s00223-025-01429-y	2025
Genetics	Tartrate fermentation with H₂ production by a new member of Sporomusaceae enriched from rice paddy soil.	Pereira-Mora L, Guerrero LD, Erijman L, Fernandez-Scavino A.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02351-23	2024
	No endospore formation confirmed in members of the phylum Proteobacteria.	Beskrovnaya P, Fakih D, Morneau I, Hashimi A, Bello DG, Xing S, Nanci A, Huan T, Tocheva EI.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02312-20	2021
	Energy conservation under extreme energy limitation: the role of cytochromes and quinones in acetogenic bacteria.	Rosenbaum FP, Muller V.	Extremophiles	10.1007/s00792-021-01241-0	2021
Metabolism	Structure and expression of propanediol utilization microcompartments in Acetonema longum.	Tocheva EI, Matson EG, Cheng SN, Chen WG, Leadbetter JR, Jensen GJ.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.00049-14	2014
Enzymology	Energy-converting hydrogenases: the link between H₂ metabolism and energy conservation.	Schoelmerich MC, Muller V.	Cell Mol Life Sci	10.1007/s00018-019-03329-5	2020
Enzymology	Molecular cloning and characterization of a newly isolated pyrethroid-degrading esterase gene from a genomic library of Ochrobactrum anthropi YZ-1.	Ruan Z, Zhai Y, Song J, Shi Y, Li K, Zhao B, Yan Y.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0077329	2013
Metabolism	Carbon isotope fractionation of 11 acetogenic strains grown on H2 and CO2.	Blaser MB, Dreisbach LK, Conrad R.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.03203-12	2013
	De Novo Structural Pattern Mining in Cellular Electron Cryotomograms.	Xu M, Singla J, Tocheva EI, Chang YW, Stevens RC, Jensen GJ, Alber F.	Structure	10.1016/j.str.2019.01.005	2019
Metabolism	The Sporomusa type Nfn is a novel type of electron-bifurcating transhydrogenase that links the redox pools in acetogenic bacteria.	Kremp F, Roth J, Muller V.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-020-71038-2	2020
Genetics	Comprehensive Comparative Genomics and Phenotyping of Methylobacterium Species.	Alessa O, Ogura Y, Fujitani Y, Takami H, Hayashi T, Sahin N, Tani A.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2021.740610	2021
Metabolism	Using gas mixtures of CO, CO₂ and H₂ as microbial substrates: the do's and don'ts of successful technology transfer from laboratory to production scale.	Takors R, Kopf M, Mampel J, Bluemke W, Blombach B, Eikmanns B, Bengelsdorf FR, Weuster-Botz D, Durre P.	Microb Biotechnol	10.1111/1751-7915.13270	2018
Metabolism	Peptidoglycan remodeling and conversion of an inner membrane into an outer membrane during sporulation.	Tocheva EI, Matson EG, Morris DM, Moussavi F, Leadbetter JR, Jensen GJ.	Cell	10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.029	2011
Metabolism	Microbial and Genetic Resources for Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) Biosynthesis: From Ecosystems to Industrial Biotechnology.	Balabanova L, Averianova L, Marchenok M, Son O, Tekutyeva L.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms22094522	2021
Phylogeny	Universal architecture of bacterial chemoreceptor arrays.	Briegel A, Ortega DR, Tocheva EI, Wuichet K, Li Z, Chen S, Muller A, Iancu CV, Murphy GE, Dobro MJ, Zhulin IB, Jensen GJ.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.0905181106	2009
	High-quality-draft genome sequence of the fermenting bacterium Anaerobium acetethylicum type strain GluBS11^T (DSM 29698).	Patil Y, Muller N, Schink B, Whitman WB, Huntemann M, Clum A, Pillay M, Palaniappan K, Varghese N, Mikhailova N, Stamatis D, Reddy TBK, Daum C, Shapiro N, Ivanova N, Kyrpides N, Woyke T, Junghare M.	Stand Genomic Sci	10.1186/s40793-017-0236-4	2017
Metabolism	Hydrogen-dependent oxygen reduction by homoacetogenic bacteria isolated from termite guts.	Boga HI, Brune A.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.69.2.779-786.2003	2003
Metabolism	Structural diversity of bacterial flagellar motors.	Chen S, Beeby M, Murphy GE, Leadbetter JR, Hendrixson DR, Briegel A, Li Z, Shi J, Tocheva EI, Muller A, Dobro MJ, Jensen GJ.	EMBO J	10.1038/emboj.2011.186	2011
	Compilation of small ribosomal subunit RNA structures.	Neefs JM, Van de Peer Y, De Rijk P, Chapelle S, De Wachter R.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/21.13.3025	1993
	Safety evaluation of Akkermansia massiliensis sp. nov. DSM 33459.	Pitt J, Bauter MR, Kumar R, Hasselwander O, Hibberd AA, Kane H, Wang Q, Auzanneau I, Bry S, David E, Seguinot P, Burns F, Smith AB.	Toxicol Rep	10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102042	2025
Phylogeny	Acetonema longum gen. nov. sp. nov., an H2/CO2 acetogenic bacterium from the termite, Pterotermes occidentis.	Kane MD, Breznak JA	Arch Microbiol	10.1007/BF00290979	1991

References

#2724	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 6540
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#66794	Antje Chang, Lisa Jeske, Sandra Ulbrich, Julia Hofmann, Julia Koblitz, Ida Schomburg, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Dieter Jahn, Dietmar Schomburg: BRENDA, the ELIXIR core data resource in 2021: new developments and updates. Nucleic Acids Res. 49: D498 - D508 2020 ( DOI 10.1093/nar/gkaa1025 , PubMed 33211880 )
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Acetonema longum (DSM 6540, ATCC 51454, APO-1)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Pathway annotation

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Taxonmaps

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_000219125

16S sequences

GC content

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

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