Bacillus anthracis (ATCC 14578, NCTC 10340, CIP 66.17)

Name: Bacillus anthracis (ATCC 14578, NCTC 10340, CIP 66.17)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 168990

Type strain

Culture col. no. ATCC 14578 NCTC 10340 CIP 66.17

NCBI tax ID(s) 1392

Special Collections CIP

Links

Bacillus anthracis ATCC 14578 is a bacterium of the family Bacillaceae.

genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 93137

ATCC 14578,NCTC 10340,NCIB 9388,CIP 66.17

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:46:30

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Bacilli

Order Caryophanales

Family Bacillaceae

Genus Bacillus

Species Bacillus anthracis

Full scientific name Bacillus anthracis Cohn 1872 (Approved Lists 1980)

Morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
125439	facultative anaerobe	98.821

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125439		94.32

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence AB190217 (>99% sequence identity) for Bacillus from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	446
Soil Samples	1920
Animal Samples	1524
Plant Samples	1079
Total Samples	4969

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
20215	3	Risk group

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
124043	ASM2222134v1 assembly for Bacillus anthracis Vollum	complete	GCA_022221345	1392.1064	8008294662	1392	98.77
66792	ASM18183v1 assembly for Bacillus anthracis str. A0488	scaffold	GCA_000181835	486624.3	641736173	486624	62.56

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
20215	Bacillus anthracis gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain:ATCC 14578	AB190217	1306	1392
124043	Bacillus anthracis strain ATCC 14578 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	JQ406589	1311	1392
124043	Bacillus anthracis strain ATCC 14578 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	KC020169	1311	1392
124043	Bacillus anthracis strain ATCC 14578 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	KC119183	770	1392

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: ASM2222134v1 assembly for Bacillus anthracis Vollum
NCBI: GCA_022221345

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	94.32	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	84.91	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	positive	73.20	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	facultative anaerobe	98.82	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Bacillus anthracis str. A0488
PATRIC: 486624.3

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	73.29	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	90.55	no
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	yes	86.10	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	51.71	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	97.34	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	82.93	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Experimental investigation of bio-improved laterite for use as a subgrade material in road construction.	Sani RO, Ogunro TV, Akinwumi II.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0335062	2025
	Flavonoic content and antibacterial evaluation of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves grow in Algeria.	Boumaza-Hamladji S, Benhabyles N, Toubal S, El Haddad D, Bouchenak O, Bellalemi N, Berrichi D, Meziani I.	J Adv Pharm Technol Res	10.4103/japtr.japtr_126_23	2023
Genetics	In-Depth Analysis of Bacillus anthracis 16S rRNA Genes and Transcripts Reveals Intra- and Intergenomic Diversity and Facilitates Anthrax Detection.	Braun P, Zimmermann F, Walter MC, Mantel S, Aistleitner K, Sturz I, Grass G, Stoecker K.	mSystems	10.1128/msystems.01361-21	2022
Pathogenicity	Alternate atxA and acpA dependent response of Bacillus anthracis to serum, HCO3- and CO2.	Glinert I, Bar-David E, Ben-Shmuel A, Sittner A, Puni R, Laredo S, Kobiler D, Weiss S, Levy H.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0281879	2023
	Bt GS57 Interaction With Gut Microbiota Accelerates Spodoptera exigua Mortality.	Li Y, Zhao D, Wu H, Ji Y, Liu Z, Guo X, Guo W, Bi Y.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2022.835227	2022
	Significance of research on natural products from marine-derived Aspergillus species as a source against pathogenic bacteria.	Wang B, Cai J, Huang L, Chen Y, Wang R, Luo M, Yang M, Zhang M, Nasihat, Chen G, Huang G, Zheng C.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2024.1464135	2024
Pathogenicity	A rapid high-throughput sequencing-based approach for the identification of unknown bacterial pathogens in whole blood.	Israeli O, Makdasi E, Cohen-Gihon I, Zvi A, Lazar S, Shifman O, Levy H, Gur D, Laskar O, Beth-Din A.	Future Sci OA	10.2144/fsoa-2020-0013	2020
Phylogeny	Phylogenetic affiliation and determination of bioactive compounds of bacterial population associated with organs of mud crab, Scylla olivacea.	Zote J, Passari AK, Zothanpuia, Siddaiah CN, Kumar NS, Abd Allah EF, Hashem A, Alqarawi AA, Malik JA, Singh BP.	Saudi J Biol Sci	10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.08.025	2018
	A putative exosporium lipoprotein GBAA0190 of Bacillus anthracis as a potential anthrax vaccine candidate.	Jeon JH, Kim YH, Kim KA, Kim YR, Woo SJ, Choi YJ, Rhie GE.	BMC Immunol	10.1186/s12865-021-00414-y	2021
Pathogenicity	Characterisation of the antibacterial properties of the recombinant phage endolysins AP50-31 and LysB4 as potent bactericidal agents against Bacillus anthracis.	Park S, Jun SY, Kim CH, Jung GM, Son JS, Jeong ST, Yoon SJ, Lee SY, Kang SH.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-017-18535-z	2018
	Rapid identification of unknown pathogens in environmental samples using a high-throughput sequencing-based approach.	Israeli O, Cohen-Gihon I, Zvi A, Lazar S, Shifman O, Levy H, Tidhar A, Beth-Din A.	Heliyon	10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01793	2019
Genetics	Molecular and Genomic Characterization of PFAB2: A Non-virulent Bacillus anthracis Strain Isolated from an Indian Hot Spring.	Banerjee A, Somani VK, Chakraborty P, Bhatnagar R, Varshney RK, Echeverria-Vega A, Cuadros-Orellana S, Bandopadhyay R.	Curr Genomics	10.2174/1389202920666191203121610	2019
	Bioremediation of Pb contaminated water using a novel Bacillus sp. strain MHSD_36 isolated from Solanum nigrum.	Maumela P, Magida S, Serepa-Dlamini MH.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0302460	2024
	Rapid and Sensitive Multiplex Assay for the Detection of B. anthracis Spores from Environmental Samples.	Makdasi E, Laskar O, Glinert I, Alcalay R, Mechaly A, Levy H.	Pathogens	10.3390/pathogens9030164	2020
Metabolism	Bacillus anthracis genomic DNA enhances lethal toxin-induced cytotoxicity through TNF-alpha production.	Jeon JH, Kim YH, Choi MK, Kim KA, Lee HR, Jang J, Kim YR, Chun JH, Eo SK, Kim TS, Rhie GE.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/s12866-014-0300-9	2014
	Nanodelivery of essential oils as efficient tools against antimicrobial resistance: a review of the type and physical-chemical properties of the delivery systems and applications.	Dupuis V, Cerbu C, Witkowski L, Potarniche AV, Timar MC, Zychska M, Sabliov CM.	Drug Deliv	10.1080/10717544.2022.2056663	2022
Metabolism	The papain inhibitor (SPI) of Streptomyces mobaraensis inhibits bacterial cysteine proteases and is an antagonist of bacterial growth.	Zindel S, Kaman WE, Frols S, Pfeifer F, Peters A, Hays JP, Fuchsbauer HL.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00129-13	2013
	Revisiting the Concept of Targeting Only Bacillus anthracis Toxins as a Treatment for Anthrax.	Glinert I, Bar-David E, Sittner A, Weiss S, Schlomovitz J, Ben-Shmuel A, Mechaly A, Altboum Z, Kobiler D, Levy H.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00546-16	2016
Pathogenicity	Treating Anthrax-Induced Meningitis in Rabbits.	Ben-Shmuel A, Glinert I, Sittner A, Bar-David E, Schlomovitz J, Brosh T, Kobiler D, Weiss S, Levy H.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00298-18	2018
Pathogenicity	Efficacy of Single and Combined Antibiotic Treatments of Anthrax in Rabbits.	Weiss S, Altboum Z, Glinert I, Schlomovitz J, Sittner A, Bar-David E, Kobiler D, Levy H.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.01376-15	2015
Metabolism	The central nervous system as target of Bacillus anthracis toxin independent virulence in rabbits and guinea pigs.	Levy H, Glinert I, Weiss S, Bar-David E, Sittner A, Schlomovitz J, Altboum Z, Kobiler D.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0112319	2014
Metabolism	Differential contribution of Bacillus anthracis toxins to pathogenicity in two animal models.	Levy H, Weiss S, Altboum Z, Schlomovitz J, Glinert I, Sittner A, Shafferman A, Kobiler D.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.00244-12	2012
	Evaluation of conventional and response surface level optimisation of n-dodecane (n-C12) mineralisation by psychrotolerant strains isolated from pristine soil at Southern Victoria Island, Antarctica.	Habib S, Ahmad SA, Johari WLW, Shukor MYA, Alias SA, Khalil KA, Yasid NA.	Microb Cell Fact	10.1186/s12934-018-0889-8	2018
	Simultaneous Immunodetection of Anthrax, Plague, and Tularemia from Blood Cultures by Use of Multiplexed Suspension Arrays.	Mechaly A, Vitner E, Levy H, Weiss S, Bar-David E, Gur D, Koren M, Cohen H, Cohen O, Mamroud E, Fisher M.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01479-17	2018
Phylogeny	Characterization of genetic diversity of Bacillus anthracis in France by using high-resolution melting assays and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis.	Derzelle S, Laroche S, Le Fleche P, Hauck Y, Thierry S, Vergnaud G, Madani N.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.05439-11	2011
Phylogeny	Identification of Bacillus anthracis by rpoB sequence analysis and multiplex PCR.	Ko KS, Kim JM, Kim JW, Jung BY, Kim W, Kim IJ, Kook YH.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.41.7.2908-2914.2003	2003
	Toxin-independent virulence of Bacillus anthracis in rabbits.	Levy H, Glinert I, Weiss S, Sittner A, Schlomovitz J, Altboum Z, Kobiler D.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0084947	2014
	Immunological correlates for protection against intranasal challenge of Bacillus anthracis spores conferred by a protective antigen-based vaccine in rabbits.	Weiss S, Kobiler D, Levy H, Marcus H, Pass A, Rothschild N, Altboum Z.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.74.1.394-398.2006	2006
Enzymology	Development of a panel of recombinase polymerase amplification assays for detection of biothreat agents.	Euler M, Wang Y, Heidenreich D, Patel P, Strohmeier O, Hakenberg S, Niedrig M, Hufert FT, Weidmann M.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.02704-12	2013
	Diversity, distribution, and antagonistic activities of rhizobacteria of Panax notoginseng.	Fan ZY, Miao CP, Qiao XG, Zheng YK, Chen HH, Chen YW, Xu LH, Zhao LX, Guan HL.	J Ginseng Res	10.1016/j.jgr.2015.05.003	2016
Metabolism	Novel and unique diagnostic biomarkers for Bacillus anthracis infection.	Sela-Abramovich S, Chitlaru T, Gat O, Grosfeld H, Cohen O, Shafferman A.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00766-09	2009
Metabolism	Capsules, toxins and AtxA as virulence factors of emerging Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis.	Brezillon C, Haustant M, Dupke S, Corre JP, Lander A, Franz T, Monot M, Couture-Tosi E, Jouvion G, Leendertz FH, Grunow R, Mock ME, Klee SR, Goossens PL.	PLoS Negl Trop Dis	10.1371/journal.pntd.0003455	2015
Enzymology	Detection of secreted antimicrobial peptides isolated from cell-free culture supernatant of Paenibacillus alvei AN5.	Alkotaini B, Anuar N, Kadhum AA, Sani AA.	J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s10295-013-1259-5	2013
	Protective antigen as a correlative marker for anthrax in animal models.	Kobiler D, Weiss S, Levy H, Fisher M, Mechaly A, Pass A, Altboum Z.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.00792-06	2006
Pathogenicity	Antibiotics cure anthrax in animal models.	Weiss S, Kobiler D, Levy H, Pass A, Ophir Y, Rothschild N, Tal A, Schlomovitz J, Altboum Z.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.01689-10	2011
Phylogeny	Determination of the most closely related bacillus isolates to Bacillus anthracis by multilocus sequence typing.	Kim K, Cheon E, Wheeler KE, Youn Y, Leighton TJ, Park C, Kim W, Chung SI.	Yale J Biol Med		2005
Phylogeny	Identification of Bacillus anthracis by using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and artificial neural networks.	Lasch P, Beyer W, Nattermann H, Stammler M, Siegbrecht E, Grunow R, Naumann D.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00857-09	2009
	Contribution of immunological memory to protective immunity conferred by a Bacillus anthracis protective antigen-based vaccine.	Marcus H, Danieli R, Epstein E, Velan B, Shafferman A, Reuveny S.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.72.6.3471-3477.2004	2004
	Efficiency of protection of guinea pigs against infection with Bacillus anthracis spores by passive immunization.	Kobiler D, Gozes Y, Rosenberg H, Marcus D, Reuveny S, Altboum Z.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.70.2.544-550.2002	2002
	Attenuated nontoxinogenic and nonencapsulated recombinant Bacillus anthracis spore vaccines protect against anthrax.	Cohen S, Mendelson I, Altboum Z, Kobiler D, Elhanany E, Bino T, Leitner M, Inbar I, Rosenberg H, Gozes Y, Barak R, Fisher M, Kronman C, Velan B, Shafferman A.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.68.8.4549-4558.2000	2000
	Postexposure prophylaxis against anthrax: evaluation of various treatment regimens in intranasally infected guinea pigs.	Altboum Z, Gozes Y, Barnea A, Pass A, White M, Kobiler D.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.70.11.6231-6241.2002	2002
	Epicillin: in vitro laboratory studies.	Basch H, Erickson R, Gadebusch H.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.4.1.44-49.1971	1971
	Gramicidin A is hydrolyzed by a d-stereospecific peptidase produced by Bacillus anthracis.	Kaman WE, Nazmi K, Voskamp-Visser AI, Bikker FJ.	Environ Microbiol Rep	10.1111/1758-2229.13069	2022
	Biosynthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial applications of silver nanoparticles.	Singh P, Kim YJ, Singh H, Wang C, Hwang KH, Farh Mel-A, Yang DC.	Int J Nanomedicine	10.2147/ijn.s72313	2015
Phylogeny	Pyrosequencing Bacillus anthracis.	Wahab T, Hjalmarsson S, Wollin R, Engstrand L.	Emerg Infect Dis	10.3201/eid1110.041316	2005
Enzymology	In silico and in vitro evaluation of PCR-based assays for the detection of Bacillus anthracis chromosomal signature sequences.	Agren J, Hamidjaja RA, Hansen T, Ruuls R, Thierry S, Vigre H, Janse I, Sundstrom A, Segerman B, Koene M, Lofstrom C, Van Rotterdam B, Derzelle S.	Virulence	10.4161/viru.26288	2013
	Multiplex qPCR for reliable detection and differentiation of Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei.	Janse I, Hamidjaja RA, Hendriks AC, van Rotterdam BJ.	BMC Infect Dis	10.1186/1471-2334-13-86	2013
Phylogeny	Genotyping of French Bacillus anthracis strains based on 31-loci multi locus VNTR analysis: epidemiology, marker evaluation, and update of the internet genotype database.	Thierry S, Tourterel C, Le Fleche P, Derzelle S, Dekhil N, Mendy C, Colaneri C, Vergnaud G, Madani N.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0095131	2014
Pathogenicity	Green synthesis of multifunctional silver and gold nanoparticles from the oriental herbal adaptogen: Siberian ginseng.	Abbai R, Mathiyalagan R, Markus J, Kim YJ, Wang C, Singh P, Ahn S, Farh Mel-A, Yang DC	Int J Nanomedicine	10.2147/IJN.S108549	2016
	Characterization and antimicrobial application of biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles by using Microbacterium resistens.	Wang C, Singh P, Kim YJ, Mathiyalagan R, Myagmarjav D, Wang D, Jin CG, Yang DC	Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol	10.3109/21691401.2015.1089253	2015
Metabolism	Morphology of the type strain of Bacillus anthracis EY 3169T=ATCC 14578T grown either aerobically or anaerobically on agar plates--observation by light and laser microscopes.	Yabuuchi E, Koseki M	Microbiol Immunol	10.1111/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03410.x	2003

References

#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Bacillus anthracis (ATCC 14578, NCTC 10340, CIP 66.17)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Taxonmaps

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_022221345

16S sequences

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

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