Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (DSM 2255, ATCC 29741, WAL 2926)

Name: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (DSM 2255, ATCC 29741, WAL 2926)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 1600

Type strain

Culture col. no. DSM 2255 ATCC 29741 WAL 2926 CIP 104207 CCUG 34778 1 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 818

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG CIP

History <- ATCC; ATCC 29741 <- T. D. Wilkins; WAL 2926 <- V. L. Sutter; CIP <- 1994, ATCC <- T.D. Wilkins: strain WAL 2926 <- V.L. Sutter

Links

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron DSM 2255 is an anaerobe, mesophilic, Gram-negative prokaryote that was isolated from perforated appendix.

Gram-negative rod-shaped anaerobe mesophilic genome sequence 16S sequence

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 1215

LMG 11262,ATCC 29741,DSM 2255,NCTC 13706,CIP 104207,CCUG 12297,CCUG 34778,CCM 4713,KCTC 2610,KCTC 5015,BCRC 10624,CCRC 10624,VTT E-022249

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2025-12-16 09:47:08

Domain Pseudomonadati

Phylum Bacteroidota

Class Bacteroidia

Order Bacteroidales

Family Bacteroidaceae

Genus Bacteroides

Species Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron

Full scientific name Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Distaso 1912) Castellani and Chalmers 1919 (Approved Lists 1980)

Synonyms (2)

"Bacteroides fragilis subsp. thetaiotaomicron"
"Bacillus thetaiotaomicron"

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron** (11)	Type strain
1599	B. thetaiotaomicron E50 (VPI 5482), VPI-5482, DSM 2079, ATCC ... (type strain)
147878	B. thetaiotaomicron CCUG 34419
149779	B. thetaiotaomicron CCUG 38386 A
149982	B. thetaiotaomicron CCUG 38792
151917	B. thetaiotaomicron CCUG 45196
157019	B. thetaiotaomicron CCUG 68684
157023	B. thetaiotaomicron CCUG 68702
157029	B. thetaiotaomicron CCUG 68746
158885	B. thetaiotaomicron H3_25, DSM 108160
158886	B. thetaiotaomicron H5_3, DSM 108161
169208	B. thetaiotaomicron HM-168, 1/1/14, DSM 24846

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Confidence
123519	negative	rod-shaped
125438	negative		95.085
125439	negative		99.4

Colony morphology

@ref	Incubation period
1004	1-2 days
123519

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
1004	COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693) Composition: Defibrinated sheep blood 50.0 g/l Columbia agar base
1004	FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE BROTH (DSMZ Medium 1203a)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE BROTH (DSMZ Medium 1203a) Composition: Fastidious Anaerobe Basal Broth 35.4 g/l Distilled water
1004	CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78) Composition: Ground beef 500.0 g/l Casitone 30.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Ethanol 9.5 g/l (optional) K2HPO4 5.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l L-Cysteine HCl 0.5 g/l Haemin 0.005 g/l (optional) Resazurin 0.001 g/l Vitamin K3 0.0005 g/l (optional) Vitamin K1 (optional) NaOH (optional) Distilled water
123519	CIP Medium 20	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)	Range
1004	positive	growth	37	mesophilic

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
1004	anaerobe
123519	anaerobe
125439	obligate anaerobe	95.2

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125439		99.7

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68380	29016 ChEBI	arginine	-	hydrolysis	from API rID32A
68367	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68380	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	+	fermentation	from API rID32A
68367	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
123519	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis
68367	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis	from API 20A
68367	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	-	hydrolysis	from API 20A
68367	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
68380	29985 ChEBI	L-glutamate	+	degradation	from API rID32A
68367	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	17716 ChEBI	lactose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
123519	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
123519	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	respiration
68380	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction	from API rID32A
123519	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68380	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	+	fermentation	from API rID32A
68367	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	17814 ChEBI	salicin	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	30911 ChEBI	sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
68367	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	builds acid from	from API 20A
68380	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	+	energy source	from API rID32A
68380	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API rID32A
68367	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API 20A

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
68380	35581 ChEBI	indole		from API rID32A
123519	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Indole test
68380	35581 ChEBI	indole	+	from API rID32A

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
68380	alanine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.2	from API rID32A
68382	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68380	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API rID32A
68380	alpha-arabinosidase	+	3.2.1.55	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68380	alpha-fucosidase	+	3.2.1.51	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68380	alpha-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.22	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68380	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
123519	amylase	-
68380	arginine dihydrolase	-	3.5.3.6	from API rID32A
68382	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API zym
123519	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23
68380	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API rID32A
68380	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphate	-		from API rID32A
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68380	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API rID32A
68367	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API 20A
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
123519	caseinase	-	3.4.21.50
123519	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
68367	catalase	-	1.11.1.6	from API 20A
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	-		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
123519	gelatinase	-
68367	gelatinase	-		from API 20A
68380	glutamate decarboxylase	+	4.1.1.15	from API rID32A
68380	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API rID32A
68382	leucine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68380	leucyl glycin arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API rID32A
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68380	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API rID32A
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
123519	oxidase	-
68380	phenylalanine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	proline-arylamidase	-	3.4.11.5	from API rID32A
68380	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	-	3.4.19.3	from API rID32A
68380	serine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
68380	tryptophan deaminase	+	4.1.99.1	from API rID32A
123519	tween esterase	+/-
123519	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68380	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API rID32A
68367	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API 20A
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
123519	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	-

API 20A

@ref	IND	URE	GLU	MAN	LAC	SAC	MAL	SAL	XYL	ARA	GEL	ESC	GLY	CEL	MNE	MLZ	RAF	SOR	RHA	TRE	CAT	Spores presentSPOR	GramGRAM	Morphology coccus="+" rod="-"COCC
1004	-	-	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	-	+	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	-	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.
1004	+	-	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	-	+	-	+	+	-	+	-	+	+	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.

API rID32A

@ref	URE	ADH (Arg)	alpha GAL	beta GAL	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphatebeta GP	alpha GLU	beta GLU	alpha ARA	beta GUR	beta-N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidasebeta NAG	MNE	RAF	GDC	alpha FUC	Reduction of nitrateNIT	IND	PAL	L-arginine arylamidaseArgA	ProA	LGA	Phenylalanine arylamidasePheA	Leucine arylamidaseLeuA	PyrA	Tyrosine arylamidaseTyrA	Alanine arylamidaseAlaA	Glycin arylamidaseGlyA	Histidine arylamidaseHisA	Glutamyl-glutamate arylamidaseGGA	Serine arylamidaseSerA
1004	-	-	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	-	+	-	-	+	-	+/-	+	-
1004	-	-	+	+	-	+	+	+	+/-	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	+/-	-
1004	-	-	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	-	+	-	+/-	+	+/-	+/-	+/-	-
1004	-	-	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+/-	-	+	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2
#Host Body-Site	#Gastrointestinal tract

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Isolation date
1004	perforated appendix
123519	Human, Perforated appendix	1973

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
1004	2	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
123519	2	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
124043	ASM1611771v1 assembly for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron FDAARGOS_935	chromosome	GCA_016117715	818.1394		818	87.43
124043	43651_D01 assembly for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron NCTC13706	contig	GCA_900445585	818.189		818	74.67
66792	ASM434961v1 assembly for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741	scaffold	GCA_004349615	818.972	8024236051	818	30.37

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
20218	Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer, partial sequence	AF385897	532		818

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741
NCBI: GCA_004349615

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	99.70	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	71.80	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	negative	99.40	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	obligate anaerobe	95.20	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain FDAARGOS_935 strain Not applicable
PATRIC: 818.1394

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	no	95.09	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	yes	82.61	yes
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	90.91	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	89.44	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	95.97	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	86.50	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	The gut microbiota modulate locomotion via vagus-dependent glucagon-like peptide-1 signaling.	Lai TT, Tsai YH, Liou CW, Fan CH, Hou YT, Yao TH, Chuang HL, Wu WL.	NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes	10.1038/s41522-024-00477-w	2024
Pathogenicity	Myxopyronin B inhibits growth of a Fidaxomicin-resistant Clostridioides difficile isolate and interferes with toxin synthesis.	Brauer M, Herrmann J, Zuhlke D, Muller R, Riedel K, Sievers S.	Gut Pathog	10.1186/s13099-021-00475-9	2022
	Gut Commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Promote Atherothrombosis via Regulating L-Tryptophan Metabolism.	Liu H, Feng S, Tang M, Tian R, Zhang S.	Rev Cardiovasc Med	10.31083/j.rcm2511395	2024
	Clinical Outcomes and Molecular Characteristics of Bacteroides fragilis Infections.	Kim B, Kim M, Lee K, Lee Y.	Ann Lab Med	10.3343/alm.2024.0369	2025
	Community living causes changes in metabolic behavior and is permitted by specific growth conditions in two bacterial co-culture systems.	Ellis E, Fulte S, Boylan S, Flory A, Paine K, Lopez S, Allen G, Warya K, Ortiz-Merino J, Blacketer S, Thompson S, Sanchez S, Burdette K, Duchscherer A, Pinkham N, Shih JD, Rahn-Lee L.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.00075-25	2025
	Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of clinically relevant Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, Parabacteroides and Prevotella species, isolated by eight laboratories in the Netherlands.	Boiten KE, Notermans DW, Rentenaar RJ, van Prehn J, Bode LGM, Maat I, van der Zwet W, Jansz A, Siebers TJH, Rossen JWA, de Greeff SC, Hendrickx APA, Kuijper EJ, Veloo ACM.	J Antimicrob Chemother	10.1093/jac/dkae043	2024
Pathogenicity	In Vitro Evaluation of the Activity of Aztreonam-Avibactam against 341 Recent Clinical Isolates of Anaerobes.	Snydman DR, McDermott L.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.01908-21	2021
	Subgingival Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Selenomonas noxia.	Rams TE, Hawley CE, Whitaker EJ.	Cureus	10.7759/cureus.83171	2025
	In vitro activity of sulopenem and comparator agents against Enterobacterales and anaerobic clinical isolates collected during the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program.	Maher JM, Huband MD, Blankers CG, Puttagunta S, Aronin SI, Castanheira M.	J Antimicrob Chemother	10.1093/jac/dkad099	2023
	Potential in vitro anti-periodontopathogenic, anti-Chikungunya activities and in vivo toxicity of Brazilian red propolis.	Silva NBS, de Souza JH, Santiago MB, da Silva Aguiar JR, Martins DOS, da Silva RA, de Andrade Santos I, Aldana-Mejia JA, Jardim ACG, Dos Santos Pedroso R, Ambrosio SR, Veneziani RCS, Bastos JK, Pires RH, Martins CHG.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-022-24776-4	2022
	Interactions between Kluyveromyces marxianus from cheese origin and the intestinal symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron: Impressive antioxidative effects	Ceugniez A, Tourret M, Dussert E, Coucheney F, Deracinois B, Jacques P, Flahaut C, Heuson E, Drider D, Behra-Miellet J.	Lebensm Wiss Technol	10.1016/j.lwt.2017.03.056	2017
	Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant Porphyromonas gingivalis in United States Periodontitis Patients.	Rams TE, Sautter JD, van Winkelhoff AJ.	Antibiotics (Basel)	10.3390/antibiotics12111584	2023
	In vitro antibacterial activity of antiretroviral drugs on key commensal bacteria from the human microbiota.	Rubio-Garcia E, Ferrando N, Martin N, Balleste-Delpierre C, Miro JM, Paredes R, Casals-Pascual C, Vila J.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2023.1306430	2023
	Sharing of Moonlighting Proteins Mediates the Symbiotic Relationship among Intestinal Commensals.	Nishiyama K, Yong CC, Moritoki N, Kitazawa H, Odamaki T, Xiao JZ, Mukai T.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02190-22	2023
	In Vitro Activity of Gepotidacin against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Anaerobes.	Hackel MA, Karlowsky JA, Canino MA, Sahm DF, Scangarella-Oman NE.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.02165-21	2022
	Actinotignum schaalii infection - a case series from a tertiary hospital in Greece.	Ioannou P, Karakonstantis S, Tavlas E, Kontopodis N, Maraki S, Chamilos G, Kofteridis DP.	Germs	10.18683/germs.2022.1343	2022
Pathogenicity	In Vitro Activities of Omadacycline and Comparators against Anaerobic Bacteria.	Stapert L, Wolfe C, Shinabarger D, Marra A, Pillar C.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00047-18	2018
Pathogenicity	Clostridioides difficile in Food-Producing Animals in Romania: First Study on the Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance.	Beres C, Colobatiu L, Tabaran A, Mihaiu R, Iuhas C, Mihaiu M.	Antibiotics (Basel)	10.3390/antibiotics11091194	2022
Pathogenicity	Oleoresins and naturally occurring compounds of Copaifera genus as antibacterial and antivirulence agents against periodontal pathogens.	Abrao F, Silva TS, Moura CL, Ambrosio SR, Veneziani RCS, de Paiva REF, Bastos JK, Martins CHG.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-021-84480-7	2021
	A US-based national surveillance study for the susceptibility and epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile isolates with special reference to ridinilazole: 2020-2021.	Snydman DR, McDermott LA, Thorpe CM, Goldstein EJC, Schuetz AN, Johnson S, Gerding DN, Gluck L, Bourdas D, Carroll KC, Lancaster CK, Garey KW, Wang Q, Walk ST, Duperchy E.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00349-23	2023
	Comparison of the New VITEK MS PRIME System with the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Biotyper Microflex LT for the Identification of Microorganisms.	Grohs P, Remaud E, Lath C, Vuong K, Parolini ML, Dannaoui E, Podglajen I.	Ann Lab Med	10.3343/alm.2023.43.6.574	2023
Pathogenicity	In Vitro Evaluation of the Activity of Imipenem-Relebactam against 451 Recent Clinical Isolates of Bacteroides Group and Related Species.	Snydman DR, Jacobus NV, McDermott LA.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.01125-16	2016
	Broccoli consumption affects the human gastrointestinal microbiota.	Kaczmarek JL, Liu X, Charron CS, Novotny JA, Jeffery EH, Seifried HE, Ross SA, Miller MJ, Swanson KS, Holscher HD.	J Nutr Biochem	10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.015	2019
Metabolism	Prevotella copri alleviates hyperglycemia and regulates gut microbiota and metabolic profiles in mice.	Yang C, Lan R, Zhao L, Pu J, Hu D, Yang J, Zhou H, Han L, Ye L, Jin D, Xu J, Liu L.	mSystems	10.1128/msystems.00532-24	2024
	Clinical Differences in Patients Infected with Fusobacterium and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Fusobacterium Isolates Recovered at a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Korea.	Kim M, Yun SY, Lee Y, Lee H, Yong D, Lee K.	Ann Lab Med	10.3343/alm.2022.42.2.188	2022
	Nanoemulsions Based on Soluble Chenopodin/Alginate Complex for Colonic Delivery of Quercetin	Intiquilla A, Arazo M, Gamboa A, Caro N, Gotteland M, Palomino-Calderon A, Abugoch L, Tapia C.	Antioxidants (Basel)		2024
	Antibiotic Resistance Profile of RT 027/176 Versus Other Clostridioides difficile Isolates in Silesia, Southern Poland.	Aptekorz M, Sacha K, Gofron Z, Kabala M, Harmanus C, Kuijper E, Martirosian G.	Pathogens	10.3390/pathogens11080949	2022
Pathogenicity	Comparative in vitro activities of GSK2251052, a novel boron-containing leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, against 916 anaerobic organisms.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Tyrrell KL, Merriam CV.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.02580-12	2013
	In vitro activity of eravacycline against common ribotypes of Clostridioides difficile.	Basseres E, Begum K, Lancaster C, Gonzales-Luna AJ, Carlson TJ, Miranda J, Rashid T, Alam MJ, Eyre DW, Wilcox MH, Garey KW.	J Antimicrob Chemother	10.1093/jac/dkaa289	2020
Pathogenicity	Evaluation of the In Vitro Activity of Eravacycline against a Broad Spectrum of Recent Clinical Anaerobic Isolates.	Snydman DR, McDermott LA, Jacobus NV, Kerstein K, Grossman TH, Sutcliffe JA.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.02206-17	2018
Metabolism	The effect of calcium palmitate on bacteria associated with infant gut microbiota.	Wang L, Bravo-Ruiseco G, Happe R, He T, van Dijl JM, Harmsen HJM.	Microbiologyopen	10.1002/mbo3.1187	2021
	Efficacy of Artemisia annua against Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens: A Field Trial.	Coroian M, Pop LM, Popa V, Friss Z, Oprea O, Kalmar Z, Pintea A, Borsan SD, Mircean V, Lobontiu I, Militaru D, Varban R, Gyorke A.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms10112277	2022
	Antibiotic Resistance of Human Periodontal Pathogen Parvimonas micra Over 10 Years.	Rams TE, Sautter JD, van Winkelhoff AJ.	Antibiotics (Basel)	10.3390/antibiotics9100709	2020
	Antimicrobial activity of bovine lactoferrin against Gardnerella species clinical isolates.	Pino A, Mazza T, Matthews MH, Castellana S, Caggia C, Randazzo CL, Gelbfish GA.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2022.1000822	2022
Enzymology	Persistence of fecal indicator bacteria and associated genetic markers from wastewater treatment plant effluents in freshwater microcosms.	Chern EC, Wymer L, Brenner K, Oshima K, Haugland RA.	J Water Health	10.2166/wh.2021.152	2022
	In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Gram-Positive Anaerobic Cocci Responsible for Human Invasive Infections.	Guerin F, Dejoies L, Degand N, Guet-Revillet H, Janvier F, Corvec S, Barraud O, Guillard T, Walewski V, Gallois E, Cattoir V, On Behalf Of The Gmc Study Group.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms9081665	2021
	Bacterial and viral fecal indicator predictive modeling at three Great Lakes recreational beach sites.	Cyterski M, Shanks OC, Wanjugi P, McMinn B, Korajkic A, Oshima K, Haugland R.	Water Res	10.1016/j.watres.2022.118970	2022
	Identification of A Novel Antibacterial Peptide from Atlantic Mackerel belonging to the GAPDH-Related Antimicrobial Family and Its In Vitro Digestibility.	Offret C, Fliss I, Bazinet L, Marette A, Beaulieu L.	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md17070413	2019
	Reliability of species detection in 16S microbiome analysis: Comparison of five widely used pipelines and recommendations for a more standardized approach.	Hiergeist A, Ruelle J, Emler S, Gessner A.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0280870	2023
Pathogenicity	Activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam against a broad spectrum of recent clinical anaerobic isolates.	Snydman DR, McDermott LA, Jacobus NV.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.02253-13	2014
	In Vitro Activity of Omadacycline, a New Tetracycline Analog, and Comparators against Clostridioides difficile.	Begum K, Basseres E, Miranda J, Lancaster C, Gonzales-Luna AJ, Carlson TJ, Rashid T, Eyre DW, Wilcox MH, Alam MJ, Garey KW.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00522-20	2020
	Comparison of Phenotypic and Genotypic Patterns of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteroides fragilis Group Isolated from Healthy Individuals in Vietnam and Japan.	Vu H, Hayashi M, Nguyen TN, Khong DT, Tran HT, Yamamoto Y, Tanaka K.	Infect Drug Resist	10.2147/idr.s341571	2021
Metabolism	Strain-level fitness in the gut microbiome is an emergent property of glycans and a single metabolite.	Park SY, Rao C, Coyte KZ, Kuziel GA, Zhang Y, Huang W, Franzosa EA, Weng JK, Huttenhower C, Rakoff-Nahoum S.	Cell	10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.002	2022
Metabolism	Safety Evaluations of Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI.	Kim MJ, Ku S, Kim SY, Lee HH, Jin H, Kang S, Li R, Johnston TV, Park MS, Ji GE.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms19051422	2018
	VIRify: An integrated detection, annotation and taxonomic classification pipeline using virus-specific protein profile hidden Markov models.	Rangel-Pineros G, Almeida A, Beracochea M, Sakharova E, Marz M, Reyes Munoz A, Holzer M, Finn RD.	PLoS Comput Biol	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011422	2023
	In Vitro and In Vivo Properties of CUO246, a Novel Bacterial DNA Gyrase/Topoisomerase IV Inhibitor.	Blais J, Dean CR, Lapointe G, Leeds JA, Ma S, Morris L, Moser HE, Osborne CS, Prosen KR, Richie D, Skepper C, Thompson K, Vo J, Yue Q, Rivkin A.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00921-22	2022
	Comparative In Vitro Resistance of Human Periodontal Bacterial Pathogens to Tinidazole and Four Other Antibiotics.	Rams TE, Sautter JD, van Winkelhoff AJ.	Antibiotics (Basel)	10.3390/antibiotics9020068	2020
Pathogenicity	Pharmacodynamics of pulse dosing versus standard dosing: in vitro metronidazole activity against Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.	Ibrahim KH, Gunderson BW, Hermsen ED, Hovde LB, Rotschafer JC.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.48.11.4195-4199.2004	2004
Pathogenicity	Intestinal Bacteroides modulates inflammation, systemic cytokines, and microbial ecology via propionate in a mouse model of cystic fibrosis.	Price CE, Valls RA, Ramsey AR, Loeven NA, Jones JT, Barrack KE, Schwartzman JD, Royce DB, Cramer RA, Madan JC, Ross BD, Bliska J, O'Toole GA.	mBio	10.1128/mbio.03144-23	2024
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of tomopenem (CS-023/RO4908463) against anaerobic bacteria.	Tanaka K, Mikamo H, Nakao K, Ichiishi T, Goto T, Yamagishi Y, Watanabe K.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00595-08	2009
Pathogenicity	In vitro antimicrobial activity of razupenem (SMP-601, PTZ601) against anaerobic bacteria.	Tran CM, Tanaka K, Yamagishi Y, Goto T, Mikamo H, Watanabe K.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.01038-10	2011
	Recent development and fighting strategies for lincosamide antibiotic resistance.	Yang Y, Xie S, He F, Xu Y, Wang Z, Ihsan A, Wang X.	Clin Microbiol Rev	10.1128/cmr.00161-23	2024
	Sonication assisted microbiological diagnosis of implant-related infection caused by Prevotella disiens and Staphylococcus epidermidis in a patient with cranioplasty.	Thomaidis PC, Pantazatou A, Kamariotis S, Vlachos K, Roussos G, Panagiotou P, Stylianakis A.	BMC Res Notes	10.1186/s13104-015-1274-x	2015
Phylogeny	Identification of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron on the basis of an unexpected specific amplicon of universal 16S ribosomal DNA PCR.	Teng LJ, Hsueh PR, Huang YH, Tsai JC.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.42.4.1727-1730.2004	2004
Pathogenicity	Multicenter study of antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in Korea in 2012.	Lee Y, Park YJ, Kim MN, Uh Y, Kim MS, Lee K.	Ann Lab Med	10.3343/alm.2015.35.5.479	2015
	The Spectrum of Antimicrobial Activity of Cyadox against Pathogens Collected from Pigs, Chicken, and Fish in China.	Maan MK, Weng Z, Dai M, Liu Z, Hao H, Cheng G, Wang Y, Wang X, Huang L.	Antibiotics (Basel)	10.3390/antibiotics10020153	2021
Pathogenicity	In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of DS86760016, a Novel Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Inhibitor for Gram-Negative Pathogens.	Purnapatre KP, Rao M, Pandya M, Khanna A, Chaira T, Bambal R, Upadhyay DJ, Masuda N.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.01987-17	2018
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of ceftaroline against a broad spectrum of recent clinical anaerobic isolates.	Snydman DR, Jacobus NV, McDermott LA.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00868-10	2011
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Anaerobic Bacterial Clinical Isolates From 2014 to 2016, Including Recently Named or Renamed Species.	Byun JH, Kim M, Lee Y, Lee K, Chong Y.	Ann Lab Med	10.3343/alm.2019.39.2.190	2019
Enzymology	Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterotoxigenic extra-intestinal Bacteroides fragilis among 13-year collection of isolates in Kuwait.	Jamal W, Khodakhast FB, AlAzmi A, Soki J, AlHashem G, Rotimi VO.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/s12866-020-1703-4	2020
	Microbial Source Tracking Approach to Investigate Fecal Waste at the Strawberry Creek Watershed and Clam Beach, California, USA.	Corrigan JA, Butkus SR, Ferris ME, Roberts JC.	Int J Environ Res Public Health	10.3390/ijerph18136901	2021
Pathogenicity	Changes in the antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria from 2007-2009 to 2010-2012 based on the CLSI methodology.	Hastey CJ, Boyd H, Schuetz AN, Anderson K, Citron DM, Dzink-Fox J, Hackel M, Hecht DW, Jacobus NV, Jenkins SG, Karlsson M, Knapp CC, Koeth LM, Wexler H, Roe-Carpenter DE, From the Ad Hoc Working Group on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria of CLSI.	Anaerobe	10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.07.003	2016
Pathogenicity	In vitro and in vivo activities of the novel Ketolide RBx 14255 against Clostridium difficile.	Kumar M, Mathur T, Barman TK, Ramkumar G, Bhati A, Shukla G, Kalia V, Pandya M, Raj VS, Upadhyay DJ, Vaishnavi C, Chakrabarti A, Das B, Bhatnagar PK.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00015-12	2012
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of telavancin and six comparator agents against anaerobic bacterial isolates.	Finegold SM, Bolanos M, Sumannen PH, Molitoris DR.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00908-08	2009
Pathogenicity	Susceptibility of bacterial vaginosis (BV)-associated bacteria to secnidazole compared to metronidazole, tinidazole and clindamycin.	Petrina MAB, Cosentino LA, Rabe LK, Hillier SL.	Anaerobe	10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.05.005	2017
Phylogeny	Antimicrobial susceptibility and ribotypes of Clostridium difficile isolates from a Phase 2 clinical trial of ridinilazole (SMT19969) and vancomycin.	Snydman DR, McDermott LA, Thorpe CM, Chang J, Wick J, Walk ST, Vickers RJ.	J Antimicrob Chemother	10.1093/jac/dky135	2018
Pathogenicity	Epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of wound isolates of obligate anaerobes from combat casualties.	White BK, Mende K, Weintrob AC, Beckius ML, Zera WC, Lu D, Bradley W, Tribble DR, Schnaubelt ER, Murray CK, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program Trauma Infectious Disease Outcome Study Group.	Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.10.010	2016
Phylogeny	Loss of NHE3 alters gut microbiota composition and influences Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron growth.	Engevik MA, Aihara E, Montrose MH, Shull GE, Hassett DJ, Worrell RT.	Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol	10.1152/ajpgi.00184.2013	2013
	Dominant obligate anaerobes revealed in lower respiratory tract infection in horses by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.	Kinoshita Y, Niwa H, Katayama Y, Hariu K.	J Vet Med Sci	10.1292/jvms.13-0272	2014
Phylogeny	First Polish outbreak of Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 infections among dialysis patients.	Lachowicz D, Szulencka G, Obuch-Woszczatynski P, van Belkum A, Pituch H.	Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis	10.1007/s10096-014-2204-x	2015
	Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Clostridium difficile Isolates from 12 Asia-Pacific Countries in 2014 and 2015.	Lew T, Putsathit P, Sohn KM, Wu Y, Ouchi K, Ouchi K, Ishii Y, Tateda K, Riley TV, Collins DA.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00296-20	2020
Metabolism	Berberine attenuates choline-induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide production via manipulating the gut microbiome.	Li X, Su C, Jiang Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Yang M, Zhang X, Du Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Jiang J, Hong B.	NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes	10.1038/s41522-021-00205-8	2021
Pathogenicity	Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis group in Canada in 2010-2011: CANWARD surveillance study.	Karlowsky JA, Walkty AJ, Adam HJ, Baxter MR, Hoban DJ, Zhanel GG.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.05823-11	2012
Pathogenicity	Antianaerobic activity of sulopenem compared to six other agents.	Ednie LM, Appelbaum PC.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.01557-08	2009
Phylogeny	Species identification of clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria: a comparison of two matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry systems.	Justesen US, Holm A, Knudsen E, Andersen LB, Jensen TG, Kemp M, Skov MN, Gahrn-Hansen B, Moller JK.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.05788-11	2011
Pathogenicity	U.S.-Based National Surveillance for Fidaxomicin Susceptibility of Clostridioides difficile-Associated Diarrheal Isolates from 2013 to 2016.	Thorpe CM, McDermott LA, Tran MK, Chang J, Jenkins SG, Goldstein EJC, Patel R, Forbes BA, Johnson S, Gerding DN, Snydman DR.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00391-19	2019
Pathogenicity	Synergistic effects of antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics against Clostridium difficile.	Nuding S, Frasch T, Schaller M, Stange EF, Zabel LT.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.02542-14	2014
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of a new des-fluoro(6) quinolone, garenoxacin, against clinical anaerobic bacteria.	Liebetrau A, Rodloff AC, Behra-Miellet J, Dubreuil L.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.47.11.3667-3671.2003	2003
Phylogeny	PCR assay for species-specific identification of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.	Teng LJ, Hsueh PR, Tsai JC, Chiang FL, Chen CY, Ho SW, Luh KT.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.38.4.1672-1675.2000	2000
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for recent clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria in South Korea.	Lee Y, Park Y, Kim MS, Yong D, Jeong SH, Lee K, Chong Y.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00481-10	2010
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial-resistant strains of Clostridium difficile from North America.	Tenover FC, Tickler IA, Persing DH.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00220-12	2012
Pathogenicity	Two novel vaginal microbicides (polystyrene sulfonate and cellulose sulfate) inhibit Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobes commonly associated with bacterial vaginosis.	Simoes JA, Citron DM, Aroutcheva A, Anderson RA, Chany CJ, Waller DP, Faro S, Zaneveld LJ.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.46.8.2692-2695.2002	2002
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of linezolid against Clostridium difficile.	Pelaez T, Alonso R, Perez C, Alcala L, Cuevas O, Bouza E.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.46.5.1617-1618.2002	2002
Pathogenicity	In vitro antianaerobic activity of DX-619, a new des-fluoro(6) quinolone.	Tanaka K, Mikamo H, Nakao K, Watanabe K.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00639-06	2006
	Specificity of a Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron marker for human feces.	Carson CA, Christiansen JM, Yampara-Iquise H, Benson VW, Baffaut C, Davis JV, Broz RR, Kurtz WB, Rogers WM, Fales WH.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.71.8.4945-4949.2005	2005
	Commensal Microbiota Modulation of Natural Resistance to Virus Infection.	Stefan KL, Kim MV, Iwasaki A, Kasper DL.	Cell	10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.047	2020
Pathogenicity	First national survey of antibiotic susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group: emerging resistance to carbapenems in Argentina.	Fernandez-Canigia L, Litterio M, Legaria MC, Castello L, Predari SC, Di Martino A, Rossetti A, Rollet R, Carloni G, Bianchini H, Cejas D, Radice M, Gutkind G, Anaerobe Surveillance Team.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.05622-11	2012
Genetics	Predominance of Clostridium difficile Ribotypes 017 and 078 among Toxigenic Clinical Isolates in Southern Taiwan.	Hung YP, Huang IH, Lin HJ, Tsai BY, Liu HC, Liu HC, Lee JC, Wu YH, Tsai PJ, Ko WC.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0166159	2016
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of ramoplanin against Clostridium difficile, including strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin or with resistance to metronidazole.	Pelaez T, Alcala L, Alonso R, Martin-Lopez A, Garcia-Arias V, Marin M, Bouza E.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.49.3.1157-1159.2005	2005
	Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of extracts of Tibouchina candolleana (melastomataceae), isolated compounds and semi-synthetic derivatives against endodontic bacteria.	Dos Santos FM, de Souza MG, Crotti AE, Martins CH, Ambrosio SR, Veneziani RC, E Silva ML, Cunha WR.	Braz J Microbiol	10.1590/s1517-83822012000200045	2012
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of Garenoxacin (BMS 284756) against 108 clinical isolates of Gardnerella vaginalis.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Merriam CV, Warren YA, Tyrrell KL, Fernandez HT.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.46.12.3995-3996.2002	2002
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species.	Morio F, Jean-Pierre H, Dubreuil L, Jumas-Bilak E, Calvet L, Mercier G, Devine R, Marchandin H.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00538-07	2007
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of tigecycline against the Bacteroides fragilis group.	Jacobus NV, McDermott LA, Ruthazer R, Snydman DR.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.48.3.1034-1036.2004	2004
Pathogenicity	Effects of Ligustrum robustum on gut microbes and obesity in rats.	Xie ZM, Zhou T, Liao HY, Ye Q, Liu S, Qi L, Huang J, Zuo HJ, Pei XF.	World J Gastroenterol	10.3748/wjg.v21.i46.13042	2015
Pathogenicity	Comparative in vitro activities of torezolid (DA-7157) against clinical isolates of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in South Korea.	Yum JH, Choi SH, Yong D, Chong Y, Im WB, Rhee DK, Lee K.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00728-10	2010
Enzymology	Evaluation of the mandibular third molar pericoronitis flora and its susceptibility to different antibiotics prescribed in france.	Sixou JL, Magaud C, Jolivet-Gougeon A, Cormier M, Bonnaure-Mallet M.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.41.12.5794-5797.2003	2003
Phylogeny	Identification of clinically important anaerobic bacteria by an oligonucleotide array.	Lin YT, Vaneechoutte M, Huang AH, Teng LJ, Chen HM, Su SL, Chang TC.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01620-09	2010
	Rapid PCR Detection of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum.	Cunningham SA, Mandrekar JN, Rosenblatt JE, Patel R.	Int J Bacteriol	10.1155/2013/168742	2013
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of DX-619 and four comparator agents against 376 anaerobic bacterial isolates.	Molitoris D, Vaisanen ML, Bolanos M, Finegold SM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.50.5.1887-1889.2006	2006
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of MK-826 (L-749,345) against 363 strains of anaerobic bacteria.	Wexler HM, Molitoris D, Finegold SM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.44.8.2222-2224.2000	2000
Phylogeny	Characterization of Slackia exigua isolated from human wound infections, including abscesses of intestinal origin.	Kim KS, Rowlinson MC, Bennion R, Liu C, Talan D, Summanen P, Finegold SM.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01576-09	2010
Pathogenicity	Activities of tizoxanide and nitazoxanide compared to those of five other thiazolides and three other agents against anaerobic species.	Pankuch GA, Appelbaum PC.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.50.3.1112-1117.2006	2006
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial evaluation of diterpenes from Copaifera langsdorffii oleoresin against periodontal anaerobic bacteria.	Souza AB, de Souza MG, Moreira MA, Moreira MR, Furtado NA, Martins CH, Bastos JK, dos Santos RA, Heleno VC, Ambrosio SR, Veneziani RC.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules16119611	2011
Pathogenicity	Acceptive Immunity: The Role of Fucosylated Glycans in Human Host-Microbiome Interactions.	Kononova S, Litvinova E, Vakhitov T, Skalinskaya M, Sitkin S.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms22083854	2021
	gyrA mutations associated with quinolone resistance in Bacteroides fragilis group strains.	Oh H, El Amin N, Davies T, Appelbaum PC, Edlund C.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.45.7.1977-1981.2001	2001
	Development and evaluation of oligonucleotide chip based on the 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer region for detection of pathogenic microorganisms associated with sepsis.	Kim CM, Song ES, Jang HJ, Kim HJ, Lee S, Shin JH, Kim SJ, Jeong SH, Jeong J, Koh K, Choi GE, Lee EY, Chang CL.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01130-09	2010
Enzymology	Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Solobacterium moorei isolates from patients with wound infection.	Zheng G, Summanen PH, Talan D, Bennion R, Rowlinson MC, Finegold SM.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01381-09	2010
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical Desulfovibrio isolates.	Lozniewski A, Labia R, Haristoy X, Mory F.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.45.10.2933-2935.2001	2001
Metabolism	In vitro activities of 15 antimicrobial agents against 110 toxigenic clostridium difficile clinical isolates collected from 1983 to 2004.	Hecht DW, Galang MA, Sambol SP, Osmolski JR, Johnson S, Gerding DN.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.01623-06	2007
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of the lichen secondary metabolites vulpinic acid, (+)-usnic acid, and (-)-usnic acid against aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms.	Lauterwein M, Oethinger M, Belsner K, Peters T, Marre R.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.39.11.2541	1995
Pathogenicity	In Vitro Antibacterial Properties of Cefiderocol, a Novel Siderophore Cephalosporin, against Gram-Negative Bacteria.	Ito A, Sato T, Ota M, Takemura M, Nishikawa T, Toba S, Kohira N, Miyagawa S, Ishibashi N, Matsumoto S, Nakamura R, Tsuji M, Yamano Y.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.01454-17	2018
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated from diabetic foot infections.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Merriam CV, Warren YA, Tyrrell KL, Fernandez HT.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00722-06	2006
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against bacteria isolated from odontogenic abscesses.	Sobottka I, Cachovan G, Sturenburg E, Ahlers MO, Laufs R, Platzer U, Mack D.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.46.12.4019-4021.2002	2002
Phylogeny	Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of 396 unusual anaerobic strains to tigecycline and eight other antimicrobial agents.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Merriam CV, Warren YA, Tyrrell KL, Fernandez HT.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00499-06	2006
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of newer quinolones against bacteroides group organisms.	Snydman DR, Jacobus NV, McDermott LA, Ruthazer R, Goldstein E, Finegold S, Harrell L, Hecht DW, Jenkins S, Pierson C, Venezia R, Rihs J, Gorbach SL.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.46.10.3276-3279.2002	2002
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens spp. isolated in Spain.	Andres MT, Chung WO, Roberts MC, Fierro JF.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.42.11.3022	1998
Pathogenicity	Comparative in vitro activities of gemifloxacin, other quinolones, and nonquinolone antimicrobials against obligately anaerobic bacteria.	Kleinkauf N, Ackermann G, Schaumann R, Rodloff AC.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.45.6.1896-1899.2001	2001
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and molecular epidemiology of clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile in taiwan.	Lin YC, Huang YT, Tsai PJ, Lee TF, Lee NY, Liao CH, Lin SY, Ko WC, Hsueh PR.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.01440-10	2011
Genetics	Clostridium difficile genotypes other than ribotype 078 that are prevalent among human, animal and environmental isolates.	Janezic S, Ocepek M, Zidaric V, Rupnik M.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/1471-2180-12-48	2012
Enzymology	Identification of a new family of enzymes with potential O-acetylpeptidoglycan esterase activity in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	Weadge JT, Pfeffer JM, Clarke AJ.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/1471-2180-5-49	2005
Pathogenicity	Comparison of the in vitro activities of Bay 12-8039, a new quinolone, and other antimicrobials against clinically important anaerobes.	Aldridge KE, Ashcraft DS.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.41.3.709	1997
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of MK-0826 and 16 other antimicrobials against Bacteroides fragilis group strains.	Betriu C, Sanchez A, Palau ML, Gomez M, Picazo JJ.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.45.8.2372-2374.2001	2001
Pathogenicity	Increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinically important anaerobes and Bacteroides fragilis isolates causing nosocomial infections: emerging resistance to carbapenems.	Liu CY, Huang YT, Liao CH, Yen LC, Lin HY, Hsueh PR.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00355-08	2008
	Validation and reproducibility assessment of tigecycline MIC determinations by Etest.	Bolmstrom A, Karlsson A, Engelhardt A, Ho P, Petersen PJ, Bradford PA, Jones CH.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.00089-07	2007
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of gemifloxacin (SB 265805) against anaerobes.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Warren Y, Tyrrell K, Merriam CV.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.43.9.2231	1999
Pathogenicity	In vitro antianaerobic activity of ertapenem (MK-0826) compared to seven other compounds.	Hoellman DB, Kelly LM, Credito K, Anthony L, Ednie LM, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.46.1.220-224.2002	2002
	Deciphering interactions between the gut microbiota and the immune system via microbial cultivation and minimal microbiomes.	Clavel T, Gomes-Neto JC, Lagkouvardos I, Ramer-Tait AE.	Immunol Rev	10.1111/imr.12578	2017
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of iodonium salts against oral and dental anaerobes.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Warren Y, Merriam CV, Tyrrell K, Fernandez H, Radhakrishnan U, Stang PJ, Conrads G.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.48.7.2766-2770.2004	2004
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Warren YA, Tyrrell KL, Merriam CV, Fernandez H.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.50.1.148-155.2006	2006
Pathogenicity	First comprehensive evaluation of the M.I.C. evaluator device compared to Etest and CLSI reference dilution methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical strains of anaerobes and other fastidious bacterial species.	Rennie RP, Turnbull L, Brosnikoff C, Cloke J.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.05397-11	2012
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of telithromycin and 10 oral agents against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Merriam CV, Warren Y, Tyrrel KL, Fernandez H.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.47.6.1963-1967.2003	2003
Pathogenicity	Fourth Belgian multicentre survey of antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria.	Wybo I, Van den Bossche D, Soetens O, Vekens E, Vandoorslaer K, Claeys G, Glupczynski Y, Ieven M, Melin P, Nonhoff C, Rodriguez-Villalobos H, Verhaegen J, Pierard D.	J Antimicrob Chemother	10.1093/jac/dkt344	2014
Pathogenicity	In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Brachyspira pilosicoli isolates from humans.	Brooke CJ, Hampson DJ, Riley TV.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.47.7.2354-2357.2003	2003
Metabolism	GT160-246, a toxin binding polymer for treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis.	Kurtz CB, Cannon EP, Brezzani A, Pitruzzello M, Dinardo C, Rinard E, Acheson DW, Fitzpatrick R, Kelly P, Shackett K, Papoulis AT, Goddard PJ, Barker RH, Palace GP, Klinger JD.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.45.8.2340-2347.2001	2001
Pathogenicity	Comparison of sensititre broth microdilution and agar dilution susceptibility testing techniques for meropenem to determine accuracy, reproducibility, and predictive values.	Dowzicky MJ, Nadler HL, Sheikh W.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.32.9.2204-2207.1994	1994
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of faropenem against 579 strains of anaerobic bacteria.	Wexler HM, Molitoris D, St John S, Vu A, Read EK, Finegold SM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.46.11.3669-3675.2002	2002
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity and single-step mutational analysis of rifamycin SV tested against enteropathogens associated with traveler's diarrhea and Clostridium difficile.	Farrell DJ, Putnam SD, Biedenbach DJ, Moro L, Bozzella R, Celasco G, Jones RN.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00688-10	2011
Pathogenicity	Metronidazole resistance in Prevotella spp. and description of a new nim gene in Prevotella baroniae.	Alauzet C, Mory F, Teyssier C, Hallage H, Carlier JP, Grollier G, Lozniewski A.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.01003-09	2010
Metabolism	Role of host xanthine oxidase in infection due to enteropathogenic and Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli.	Crane JK, Naeher TM, Broome JE, Boedeker EC.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.01124-12	2013
Enzymology	Decay of fecal indicator bacterial populations and bovine-associated source-tracking markers in freshly deposited cow pats.	Oladeinde A, Bohrmann T, Wong K, Purucker ST, Bradshaw K, Brown R, Snyder B, Molina M.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02203-13	2014
Pathogenicity	Increased activity of a new chlorofluoroquinolone, BAY y 3118, compared with activities of ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and other antimicrobial agents against anaerobic bacteria.	Aldridge KE.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.38.7.1671	1994
	Longitudinal analysis of the prevalence, maintenance, and IgA response to species of the order Bacteroidales in the human gut.	Zitomersky NL, Coyne MJ, Comstock LE.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.01348-10	2011
Enzymology	Rapid and sensitive detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from nonenriched stool specimens by real-time PCR in comparison to enzyme immunoassay and culture.	Grys TE, Sloan LM, Rosenblatt JE, Patel R.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.02013-08	2009
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of moxifloxacin against 900 aerobic and anaerobic surgical isolates from patients with intra-abdominal and diabetic foot infections.	Edmiston CE, Krepel CJ, Seabrook GR, Somberg LR, Nakeeb A, Cambria RA, Towne JB.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.48.3.1012-1016.2004	2004
Phylogeny	Clostridium difficile isolates resistant to fluoroquinolones in Italy: emergence of PCR ribotype 018.	Spigaglia P, Barbanti F, Dionisi AM, Mastrantonio P.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.02482-09	2010
	In vitro antibacterial properties of pexiganan, an analog of magainin.	Ge Y, MacDonald DL, Holroyd KJ, Thornsberry C, Wexler H, Zasloff M.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.43.4.782	1999
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of levofloxacin against a selected group of anaerobic bacteria isolated from skin and soft tissue infections.	Wexler HM, Molitoris E, Molitoris D, Finegold SM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.42.4.984	1998
Pathogenicity	Activity of cefmetazole against anaerobic bacteria.	Cornick NA, Jacobus NV, Gorbach SL.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.31.12.2010	1987
Pathogenicity	Comparative in vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 469 less frequently identified anaerobes isolated from human infections.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Merriam CV, Warren YA, Tyrrell KL, Fernandez H.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.46.4.1136-1140.2002	2002
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of the des-fluoro(6) Quinolone BMS-284756 against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from skin and soft tissue animal and human bite wound infections.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Merriam CV, Warren YA, Tyrrell KL, Fernandez H.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.46.3.866-870.2002	2002
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of tigecycline (GAR-936) against recently isolated clinical bacteria in Spain.	Betriu C, Rodriguez-Avial I, Sanchez BA, Gomez M, Alvarez J, Picazo JJ, Spanish Group of Tigecycline.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.46.3.892-895.2002	2002
Pathogenicity	Different antibiotic resistance and sporulation properties within multiclonal Clostridium difficile PCR ribotypes 078, 126, and 033 in a single calf farm.	Zidaric V, Pardon B, Dos Vultos T, Deprez P, Brouwer MS, Roberts AP, Henriques AO, Rupnik M.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02185-12	2012
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of clinafloxacin against contemporary clinical bacterial isolates from 10 North American centers.	Fuchs PC, Barry AL, Brown SD.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.42.5.1274	1998
	Molecular detection of Campylobacter spp. and fecal indicator bacteria during the northern migration of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) at the central Platte River.	Lu J, Ryu H, Vogel J, Santo Domingo J, Ashbolt NJ.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.03990-12	2013
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of Bay 12-8039, a new 8-methoxyquinolone.	Fass RJ.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.41.8.1818	1997
Phylogeny	Use of PCR and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis techniques for differentiation of Prevotella intermedia sensu stricto and Prevotella nigrescens.	Premaraj T, Kato N, Fukui K, Kato H, Watanabe K.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.37.4.1057-1061.1999	1999
Pathogenicity	Comparative in vitro activities of a new quinolone, WIN 57273, and piperacillin plus tazobactam against anaerobic bacteria.	Venezia RA, Yocum DM, Robbiano EM, Echols RM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.34.9.1858	1990
Pathogenicity	Comparison of susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria to cefmenoxime, ceftriaxone, and other antimicrobial compounds.	Pollock HM, Holt J, Murray C.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.23.5.780	1983
Pathogenicity	Antipropionibacterial activity of BAL19403, a novel macrolide antibiotic.	Heller S, Kellenberger L, Shapiro S.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00062-07	2007
Cultivation	Survival of anaerobic bacteria in various thioglycolate and chopped meat broth formulations.	Claros MC, Citron DM, Goldstein EJ.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.33.9.2505-2507.1995	1995
	Preliminary study using species-specific oligonucleotide probe for rRNA of Bilophila wadsworthia.	Sapico FL, Reeves D, Wexler HM, Duncan J, Wilson KH, Finegold SM.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.32.10.2510-2513.1994	1994
Pathogenicity	Effect of tigecycline on normal oropharyngeal and intestinal microflora.	Nord CE, Sillerstrom E, Wahlund E.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00373-06	2006
Pathogenicity	Comparative activity of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, CI-960, CI-990, and WIN 57273 against anaerobic bacteria.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.36.5.1158	1992
Pathogenicity	Survey of Bacteroides fragilis group susceptibility patterns in Canada.	Bourgault AM, Lamothe F, Hoban DJ, Dalton MT, Kibsey PC, Harding G, Smith JA, Low DE, Gilbert H.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.36.2.343	1992
Pathogenicity	Antianaerobic activity of the ketolide RU 64004 compared to activities of four macrolides, five beta-lactams, clindamycin, and metronidazole.	Ednie LM, Spangler SK, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.41.5.1037	1997
Metabolism	Fidaxomicin preserves the intestinal microbiome during and after treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and reduces both toxin reexpression and recurrence of CDI.	Louie TJ, Cannon K, Byrne B, Emery J, Ward L, Eyben M, Krulicki W.	Clin Infect Dis	10.1093/cid/cis338	2012
Pathogenicity	Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Merriam CV, Warren Y, Tyrrell K.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.43.11.2801	1999
Pathogenicity	Reassessment of Clostridium difficile susceptibility to metronidazole and vancomycin.	Pelaez T, Alcala L, Alonso R, Rodriguez-Creixems M, Garcia-Lechuz JM, Bouza E.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.46.6.1647-1650.2002	2002
Pathogenicity	High incidence of cefoxitin and clindamycin resistance among anaerobes in Taiwan.	Teng LJ, Hsueh PR, Tsai JC, Liaw SJ, Ho SW, Luh KT.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.46.9.2908-2913.2002	2002
	Evaluation of the AnaeroPack system for growth of clinically significant anaerobes.	Delaney ML, Onderdonk AB.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.35.3.558-562.1997	1997
Enzymology	Performance assessment PCR-based assays targeting bacteroidales genetic markers of bovine fecal pollution.	Shanks OC, White K, Kelty CA, Hayes S, Sivaganesan M, Jenkins M, Varma M, Haugland RA.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02033-09	2010
Enzymology	First case of type E wound botulism diagnosed using real-time PCR.	Artin I, Bjorkman P, Cronqvist J, Radstrom P, Holst E.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01192-07	2007
Metabolism	Human Clostridium difficile infection: altered mucus production and composition.	Engevik MA, Yacyshyn MB, Engevik KA, Wang J, Darien B, Hassett DJ, Yacyshyn BR, Worrell RT.	Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol	10.1152/ajpgi.00091.2014	2015
Metabolism	Effects of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on colonization factor expression by moxifloxacin-susceptible and moxifloxacin-resistant Clostridium difficile strains.	Deneve C, Bouttier S, Dupuy B, Barbut F, Collignon A, Janoir C.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00532-09	2009
Pathogenicity	Multicenter survey of the changing in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis group, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, and Peptostreptococcus species.	Aldridge KE, Ashcraft D, Cambre K, Pierson CL, Jenkins SG, Rosenblatt JE.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.45.4.1238-1243.2001	2001
	Detection of cfxA and cfxA2, the beta-lactamase genes of Prevotella spp., in clinical samples from dentoalveolar infection by real-time PCR.	Iwahara K, Kuriyama T, Shimura S, Williams DW, Yanagisawa M, Nakagawa K, Karasawa T.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.44.1.172-176.2006	2006
Pathogenicity	Comparative antianaerobic activities of the ketolides HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004).	Ednie LM, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.41.9.2019	1997
Pathogenicity	Comparative in vitro activity of cefbuperazone against anaerobic bacteria isolated from community hospitals.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.27.2.162	1985
Pathogenicity	Eubacterium lentum ATCC 43055, a new reference strain for quality control of anaerobic susceptibility tests.	Barry AL, Zabransky RJ.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.28.10.2375-2376.1990	1990
Pathogenicity	Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from skin and soft-tissue animal and human bite wound infections.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Merriam CV, Warren Y, Tyrrell K.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.44.9.2525-2529.2000	2000
Pathogenicity	In vitro evaluation of activities of nitazoxanide and tizoxanide against anaerobes and aerobic organisms.	Dubreuil L, Houcke I, Mouton Y, Rossignol JF.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.40.10.2266	1996
Pathogenicity	Activities of gemifloxacin (SB 265805, LB20304) compared to those of other oral antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Vreni Merriam C, Tyrrell K, Warren Y.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.43.11.2726	1999
Phylogeny	Clostridium difficile infections in a Canadian tertiary care hospital before and during a regional epidemic associated with the BI/NAP1/027 strain.	Labbe AC, Poirier L, Maccannell D, Louie T, Savoie M, Beliveau C, Laverdiere M, Pepin J.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.00146-08	2008
Pathogenicity	In vitro efficacy of sulbactam combined with ampicillin against anaerobic bacteria.	Wexler HM, Harris B, Carter WT, Finegold SM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.27.5.876	1985
Enzymology	Bacteremia caused by a recently described novel Desulfovibrio species.	McDougall R, Robson J, Paterson D, Tee W.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.35.7.1805-1808.1997	1997
Pathogenicity	Fastidious anaerobe agar compared with Wilkins-Chalgren agar, brain heart infusion agar, and brucella agar for susceptibility testing of Fusobacterium species.	Brazier JS, Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Ostovari MI.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.34.11.2280	1990
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of FK037, a new parenteral cephalosporin, against anaerobic bacteria.	Kato N, Kato H, Tanaka Y, Bando K, Watanabe K, Ueno K.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.37.5.957	1993
Enzymology	Beta-lactamase production in Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella pallens genotypes and in vitro susceptibilities to selected antimicrobial agents.	Matto J, Asikainen S, Vaisanen ML, Von Troil-Linden B, Kononen E, Saarela M, Salminen K, Finegold SM, Jousimies-Somer H.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.43.10.2383	1999
Pathogenicity	Susceptibility to five antimicrobial agents of strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group isolated in Brazil.	De Almeida AE, De Uzeda M.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.31.4.617	1987
Enzymology	Rapid identification of bacteria from positive blood cultures by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profile analysis of the 16S rRNA gene.	Christensen JE, Stencil JA, Reed KD.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.41.8.3790-3800.2003	2003
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of cefbuperazone against anaerobic bacteria.	Wexler H, Carter WT, Harris BH, Finegold SM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.27.4.674	1985
Pathogenicity	Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against 221 aerobic and 217 anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections.	Citron DM, Appleman MD.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.41.10.2312	1997
Enzymology	Adaptation of a coculture technique to the Minitek anaerobe system.	Hussain Z, Lannigan R, Burger H, Groves D.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.21.4.645-646.1985	1985
Pathogenicity	Activity of trospectomycin against Bacteroides fragilis and other Bacteroides species.	Jacobus NV, Tally FP.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.32.4.584	1988
Pathogenicity	Comparative susceptibilities of 173 aerobic and anaerobic bite wound isolates to sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, clarithromycin, and older agents.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.37.5.1150	1993
Pathogenicity	In vitro antimicrobial activity of MSI-78, a magainin analog.	Fuchs PC, Barry AL, Brown SD.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.42.5.1213	1998
Pathogenicity	Disk diffusion susceptibility testing of the Bacteroides fragilis group.	Horn R, Bourgault AM, Lamothe F.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.31.10.1596	1987
Enzymology	Comparison of effects of medium composition and atmospheric conditions on detection of Bilophila wadsworthia beta-lactamase by cefinase and cefinase plus methods.	Summanen PH.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.38.2.733-736.2000	2000
Pathogenicity	Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Vreni Merriam C, Warren Y, Tyrrell KL.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.44.9.2389-2394.2000	2000
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial susceptibilities and serogroups of clinical strains of Clostridium difficile isolated in France in 1991 and 1997.	Barbut F, Decre D, Burghoffer B, Lesage D, Delisle F, Lalande V, Delmee M, Avesani V, Sano N, Coudert C, Petit JC.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.43.11.2607	1999
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of irloxacin and E-3846, two new quinolones.	Garcia-Rodriguez JA, Garcia Sanchez JE, Munoz Bellido JL, Trujillano I.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.34.6.1262	1990
Pathogenicity	Comparative in vitro activities of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and imipenem against anaerobic bacteria isolated from community hospitals.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.29.1.158	1986
Pathogenicity	Comparative activity of the quinolones against anaerobic bacteria isolated at community hospitals.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.27.4.657	1985
Pathogenicity	Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to BAY v 3522.	Nord CE, Rylander M, Norrby SR.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.35.3.594	1991
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial activity of HR810 against 419 strict anaerobic bacteria.	Jones RN, Gerlach EH.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.27.3.413	1985
Enzymology	Detection of Helicobacter pylori in stomach tissue by use of a monoclonal antibody.	Husson MO, Leclerc H.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.29.12.2831-2834.1991	1991
Pathogenicity	Comparison of spiral gradient and conventional agar dilution for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria.	Wexler HM, Molitoris E, Jashnian F, Finegold SM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.35.6.1196	1991
Enzymology	Evaluation of the Minitek system for direct identification of anaerobic rods from positive blood cultures.	Polomski JC, McClatchey KD.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.16.4.673-675.1982	1982
Pathogenicity	Variation in susceptibility patterns of species within the Bacteroides fragilis group.	Hansen SL.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.17.4.686	1980
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of cefotetan compared with that of other antimicrobial agents against anaerobic bacteria.	Wexler HM, Finegold SM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.32.4.601	1988
Pathogenicity	Novel acyclic adenosine analogs inhibit Epstein-Barr virus replication.	Lin JC, DeClercq E, Pagano JS.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.31.9.1431	1987
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of Bay Y3118 against anaerobic bacteria.	Wexler HM, Molitoris E, Finegold SM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.37.11.2509	1993
Pathogenicity	Comparison of spiral gradient endpoint and agar dilution methods for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria: a multilaboratory collaborative evaluation.	Wexler HM, Molitoris E, Murray PR, Washington J, Zabransky RJ, Edelstein PH, Finegold SM.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.34.1.170-174.1996	1996
Pathogenicity	Multicenter study of in vitro susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group, 1995 to 1996, with comparison of resistance trends from 1990 to 1996.	Snydman DR, Jacobus NV, McDermott LA, Supran S, Cuchural GJ, Finegold S, Harrell L, Hecht DW, Iannini P, Jenkins S, Pierson C, Rihs J, Gorbach SL.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.43.10.2417	1999
Pathogenicity	Preparing inoculum for susceptibility testing of anaerobes.	Swenson JM, Thornsberry C.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.19.3.321-325.1984	1984
Pathogenicity	Comparison of agar dilution, microdilution, and disk elution methods for measuring the synergy of cefotaxime and its metabolite against anaerobes.	Smith JA, Henry D, Ngui-Yen J, Castell A, Coderre S.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.23.6.1104-1108.1986	1986
	In vitro antibacterial activities of PD 131628, a new 1,8-naphthyridine anti-infective agent.	Cohen MA, Huband MD, Mailloux GB, Yoder SL, Roland GE, Domagala JM, Heifetz CL.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.35.1.141	1991
Pathogenicity	Susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria: evaluation of the redesigned (Version 96) bioMérieux ATB ANA device.	Dubreuil L, Houcke I, Singer E.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.37.6.1824-1828.1999	1999
Enzymology	PCR-DNA probe assays for identification and detection of Prevotella intermedia sensu stricto and Prevotella nigrescens.	Guillot E, Mouton C.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.35.7.1876-1882.1997	1997
Pathogenicity	Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.	Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Merriam CV, Warren Y, Tyrrell K.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.44.10.2747-2751.2000	2000
Pathogenicity	Effect of CO2 on susceptibilities of anaerobes to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin.	Spangler SK, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.38.2.211	1994
Pathogenicity	In vitro antibacterial activities of PD 138312 and PD 140248, new fluoronaphthyridines with outstanding gram-positive potency.	Huband MD, Cohen MA, Meservey MA, Roland GE, Yoder SL, Dazer ME, Domagala JM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.37.12.2563	1993
Pathogenicity	In vitro activities of Ro 19-5247 and Ro 15-8074, new oral cephalosporins.	Fass RJ, Helsel VL.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.30.3.429	1986
Pathogenicity	Antianaerobic antimicrobials: spectrum and susceptibility testing.	Brook I, Wexler HM, Goldstein EJ.	Clin Microbiol Rev	10.1128/cmr.00086-12	2013
Pathogenicity	Antimicrobial susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria isolated from female genital tract infections.	Hill GB, Ayers OM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.27.3.324	1985
Pathogenicity	In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of GV129606, a new broad-spectrum trinem.	Di Modugno E, Broggio R, Erbetti I, Lowther J.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.41.12.2742	1997
Enzymology	Detection of Bacteroides fragilis in clinical specimens by PCR.	Yamashita Y, Kohno S, Koga H, Tomono K, Kaku M.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.32.3.679-683.1994	1994
Pathogenicity	Evaluation of broth disk elution methods for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria with the newer beta-lactam antibiotics.	Jorgensen JH, Redding JS, Howell AW.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.23.3.545-550.1986	1986
Pathogenicity	Morphological response of Bilophila wadsworthia to imipenem: correlation with properties of penicillin-binding proteins.	Summanen P, Wexler HM, Lee K, Becker SA, Garcia MM, Finegold SM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.37.12.2638	1993
Pathogenicity	Spiral gradient endpoint method compared to standard agar dilution for susceptibility testing of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli.	Hill GB.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.29.5.975-979.1991	1991
Pathogenicity	Evaluation of three broth disk methods for testing the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to imipenem.	Shungu DL, Weinberg E, Cerami AT.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.21.6.875-879.1985	1985
Pathogenicity	Determination of susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to cefotetan and cefoxitin by the thioglycolate disk elution method.	Barry AL, Packer RR.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.20.5.912-916.1984	1984
Pathogenicity	Comparison of anaerobic susceptibility results obtained by two methods of inoculum preparation.	Bourgault AM, Lamothe F.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.20.6.1060-1064.1984	1984
Pathogenicity	Comparative in vitro activity of new beta-lactam antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria.	Rolfe RD, Finegold SM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.20.5.600	1981
	Randomized comparison of ceftazidime versus clindamycin-tobramycin in the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections.	Blanco JD, Gibbs RS, Duff P, Castaneda YS, St Clair PJ.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.24.4.500	1983
	Cloning and characterization of the endogenous cephalosporinase gene, cepA, from Bacteroides fragilis reveals a new subgroup of Ambler class A beta-lactamases.	Rogers MB, Parker AC, Smith CJ.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.37.11.2391	1993
	Antimicrobial prophylaxis for major head and neck surgery in cancer patients: sulbactam-ampicillin versus clindamycin-amikacin.	Phan M, Van der Auwera P, Andry G, Aoun M, Chantrain G, Deraemaecker R, Dor P, Daneau D, Ewalenko P, Meunier F.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.36.9.2014	1992
	Analysis of rRNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms from Bacteroides spp. and Bacteroides fragilis isolates associated with diarrhea in humans and animals.	Smith CJ, Callihan DR.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.30.4.806-812.1992	1992
Pathogenicity	Evaluation of the E test for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria.	Citron DM, Ostovari MI, Karlsson A, Goldstein EJ.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.29.10.2197-2203.1991	1991
Enzymology	The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria from pneumonic cattle lungs.	Chirino-Trejo JM, Prescott JF.	Can J Comp Med		1983
Pathogenicity	Penicillin resistance in the subgingival microbiota associated with adult periodontitis.	Kinder SA, Holt SC, Korman KS.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.23.6.1127-1133.1986	1986
Enzymology	Comparative study of pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activity of ceftizoxime and cefotaxime.	Vallee F, LeBel M.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.35.10.2057	1991
	Clinical presentation of leptospirosis: a retrospective study of 34 patients admitted to a single institution in metropolitan France.	Jaureguiberry S, Roussel M, Brinchault-Rabin G, Gacouin A, Le Meur A, Arvieux C, Michelet C, Tattevin P.	Clin Microbiol Infect	10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01148.x	2005
Pathogenicity	Susceptibility of Clostridium septicum to 23 antimicrobial agents.	Gabay EL, Rolfe RD, Finegold SM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.20.6.852	1981
Enzymology	Optimization of quantitative polymerase chain reactions for detection and quantification of eight periodontal bacterial pathogens.	Decat E, Cosyn J, De Bruyn H, Miremadi R, Saerens B, Van Mechelen E, Vermeulen S, Vaneechoutte M, Deschaght P.	BMC Res Notes	10.1186/1756-0500-5-664	2012
Pathogenicity	Determination of disk diffusion and MIC quality control guidelines for GSK2251052: a novel boron-containing antibacterial.	Ross JE, Scangarella-Oman N, Jones RN	Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.01.007	2013
Metabolism	Characterization of chondroitin sulfate lyase ABC from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron WAL2926.	Shaya D, Hahn BS, Park NY, Sim JS, Kim YS, Cygler M	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi800353g	2008
Pathogenicity	Inducible metronidazole resistance in nim-positive and nim-negative bacteroides fragilis group strains after several passages metronidazole containing columbia agar plates.	Schaumann R, Petzold S, Fille M, Rodloff AC	Infection	10.1007/s15010-005-5061-9	2005
Metabolism	A MATE family multidrug efflux transporter pumps out fluoroquinolones in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.	Miyamae S, Ueda O, Yoshimura F, Hwang J, Tanaka Y, Nikaido H	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/AAC.45.12.3341-3346.2001	2001
Pathogenicity	Anti-anaerobic activity of erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin: effect of pH adjustment of media to compensate for pH shift caused by incubation in CO2.	Ednie LM, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC	J Antimicrob Chemother	10.1093/jac/41.3.387	1998
Pathogenicity	Quality control criteria for testing the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to meropenem.	Zabransky RJ, Bayola-Mueller L, Jenkins SG, Pitkin DR, Schreckenberger PC, Celig DM, Spiegel CA	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.28.12.2804-2805.1990	1990
Pathogenicity	Quality control guidelines for testing cefotetan in the reference agar dilution procedure for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria.	Zabransky RJ, Bobey DG, Barry AL, Allen SD, Fuchs PC, Gerlach EH, Thornsberry C, Sheikh W, Jones RN	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.27.1.190-191.1989	1989
Pathogenicity	Evaluation of in vitro methods for testing ceftriaxone against anaerobic bacteria, including quality control guidelines.	Barry AL, Jones RN	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.26.4.776-777.1988	1988
Pathogenicity	Criteria for disk susceptibility tests and quality control guidelines for the cefoperazone-sulbactam combination.	Barry AL, Jones RN	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.26.1.13-17.1988	1988
Pathogenicity	Establishment of MICs of moxalactam for control and reference anaerobic organisms in agar dilution and microdilution techniques.	Sutter VL, Emmerman J, Randall E, Zabransky RJ, Birk RJ	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/AAC.27.3.424	1985
Pathogenicity	Evaluation of broth microdilution susceptibility results for anaerobic organisms by use of a rapid direct colony inoculum.	Mangels JI, Lindberg LH	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.21.2.269-272.1985	1985
Pathogenicity	Establishment of minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefoperazone for control and reference anaerobic organisms.	Zabransky RJ, Randall E, Sutter VL, Birk RJ, Westenfelder G, Emmerman J, Ghoneim AT	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.17.4.711-714.1983	1983
Cultivation	Collaborative evaluation of a proposed reference dilution method of susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria.	Sutter VL, Barry AL, Wilkins TD, Zabransky RJ	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/AAC.16.4.495	1979

References

#1004	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 2255
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#68367	Automatically annotated from API 20A .
#68380	Automatically annotated from API rID32A .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#123519	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 104207
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (DSM 2255, ATCC 29741, WAL 2926)

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