Cite this strain

"Sphaerophorus intermedius" (CCUG 25931, DSM 1396, ATCC 23745)

BacDive ID 1584

Type strain

Strain Designation LRA 048 07 85

Culture col. no. CCUG 25931 DSM 1396 ATCC 23745 NCTC 10581 CIP 103754 2 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 817

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM CIP

Links

"Sphaerophorus intermedius" LRA 048 07 85 is an anaerobe, mesophilic, Gram-negative human pathogen that was isolated from pleural fluid.

Gram-negative rod-shaped anaerobe mesophilic human pathogen 16S sequence

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 45722

ATCC 23745,CCUG 25931,NCTC 10581,CIP 103754,JCM 11018,DSM 1396,KCTC 2613,BCRC 10619,CCRC 10619,LMG 28901

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2025-12-16 09:47:08

Domain Pseudomonadati

Phylum Bacteroidota

Class Bacteroidia

Order Bacteroidales

Family Bacteroidaceae

Genus "Sphaerophorus"

Species "Sphaerophorus intermedius"

Full scientific name Sphaerophorus intermedius Bergan and Hovig 1968

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Motility
119444	negative	rod-shaped

Colony morphology

@ref	Incubation period	Hemolysis ability
762	1-2 days
119444		1

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
762	CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78; with strain-specific modifications) Composition: Ground beef 500.0 g/l Casitone 30.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Ethanol 9.5 g/l (optional) K2HPO4 5.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l L-Cysteine HCl 0.5 g/l Haemin 0.005 g/l Resazurin 0.001 g/l Vitamin K3 0.0005 g/l (optional) Vitamin K1 (optional) NaOH (optional) Distilled water
762	COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693) Composition: Defibrinated sheep blood 50.0 g/l Columbia agar base
42287	MEDIUM 20 - for Anaerobic bacteria		Agar (15.000 g);Glucose (5.000 g);Yeast extract (20.000 g);Tryptone (30.000 g);Cysteine hydrochloride (0.500 g);distilled water (1000.000 ml);Hemin solution -M00149 (25.000 ml)
762	FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE BROTH (DSMZ Medium 1203a)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE BROTH (DSMZ Medium 1203a) Composition: Fastidious Anaerobe Basal Broth 35.4 g/l Deionized water
119444	CIP Medium 20	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)	Range
762	positive	growth	37	mesophilic
42287	positive	growth	37	mesophilic

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

762

Oxygen toleranceanaerobe

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68381	40585 ChEBI	alpha-cyclodextrin	+	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68381	29016 ChEBI	arginine	-	hydrolysis	from API rID32STR
68380	29016 ChEBI	arginine	-	hydrolysis	from API rID32A
68381	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68381	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68380	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	+	fermentation	from API rID32A
68381	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68381	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
119444	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis
68381	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68381	606565 ChEBI	hippurate	-	hydrolysis	from API rID32STR
68381	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68380	29985 ChEBI	L-glutamate	+	degradation	from API rID32A
68381	17716 ChEBI	lactose	+	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68381	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68381	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68381	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68381	320055 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68380	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction	from API rID32A
119444	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
119444	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	respiration
119444	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68381	27941 ChEBI	pullulan	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68380	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	+	fermentation	from API rID32A
68381	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	+	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68381	30911 ChEBI	sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68381	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68381	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	-	builds acid from	from API rID32STR
68380	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API rID32A
68381	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API rID32STR
68380	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API rID32A

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite
68381	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	from API rID32STR
68380	35581 ChEBI	indole	from API rID32A
119444	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test	Indole test
68381	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-		from API rID32STR
68380	35581 ChEBI	indole		-	from API rID32A

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
68380	alanine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.2	from API rID32A
68381	Alanyl-Phenylalanyl-Proline arylamidase	+		from API rID32STR
68382	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68381	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API rID32STR
68380	alpha-arabinosidase	-	3.2.1.55	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68381	alpha-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.22	from API rID32STR
68380	alpha-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.22	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68380	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API rID32A
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
68381	arginine dihydrolase	-	3.5.3.6	from API rID32STR
68380	arginine dihydrolase	-	3.5.3.6	from API rID32A
68382	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API zym
119444	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23
68381	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API rID32STR
68380	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API rID32A
68380	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphate	-		from API rID32A
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68381	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API rID32STR
68380	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API rID32A
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
68381	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API rID32STR
68380	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API rID32A
68381	beta-mannosidase	+	3.2.1.25	from API rID32STR
119444	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	-		from API zym
119444	gelatinase	-
68380	glutamate decarboxylase	+	4.1.1.15	from API rID32A
68380	glutamyl-glutamate arylamidase	+		from API rID32A
68380	glycin arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68381	glycyl tryptophan arylamidase	+		from API rID32STR
68380	histidine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68380	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API rID32A
68380	leucyl glycin arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API rID32A
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68380	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API rID32A
68381	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API rID32STR
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
119444	oxidase	-
68380	phenylalanine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68380	proline-arylamidase	-	3.4.11.5	from API rID32A
68381	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	-	3.4.19.3	from API rID32STR
68380	pyrrolidonyl arylamidase	-	3.4.19.3	from API rID32A
68380	serine arylamidase	-		from API rID32A
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
68380	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1	from API rID32A
119444	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68381	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API rID32STR
68380	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API rID32A
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

Fatty acid profile

Metadata FA analysis

@ref

48299

Fatty acid	Percentage	ECL
C15:0 ANTEISO	39	14.711
C15:0 ISO	17.9	14.621
C17:0 iso 3OH	8.9	18.161
C14:0 ISO	7.6	13.618
C16:0	5.6	16
C16:0 3OH	5.5	17.52
C15:0	4.3	15
C20:0 ISO	3.2	19.635
C17:0 2OH	1.2	18.249
C17:0 3OH	1.2	18.535
Unidentified	1.2	19.864
C20:2 ω6,9c	1.1	19.735
C18:2 ω6,9c/C18:0 ANTE	1.1	17.724
C14:0	1.1	14
C15:0 3OH	0.7	16.504
C16:0 iso 3OH	0.6	17.145

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
48299	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	+	-	+
119444	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	+	-	-

API rID32A

@ref	URE	ADH (Arg)	alpha GAL	beta GAL	beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphatebeta GP	alpha GLU	beta GLU	alpha ARA	beta GUR	beta-N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidasebeta NAG	MNE	RAF	GDC	alpha FUC	Reduction of nitrateNIT	IND	PAL	L-arginine arylamidaseArgA	ProA	LGA	Phenylalanine arylamidasePheA	Leucine arylamidaseLeuA	PyrA	Tyrosine arylamidaseTyrA	Alanine arylamidaseAlaA	Glycin arylamidaseGlyA	Histidine arylamidaseHisA	Glutamyl-glutamate arylamidaseGGA	Serine arylamidaseSerA
762	-	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	+/-	-	+	-	+	-	+/-	+	-	-	+	-
48299	-	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	-
762	-	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	+/-	+	-	-	+	-

API rID32STR

@ref	ADH (Arg)	beta GLU	beta GAR	beta GUR	alpha GAL	PAL	RIB	MAN	SOR	LAC	TRE	RAF	SAC	LARA	DARL	Acid from alpha-cyclodextrinCDEX	Acetoin production (Voges Proskauer test)VP	Alanyl-Phenylalanyl-Proline arylamidaseAPPA	beta GAL	Pyrrolidonyl arylamidasePyrA	N-Acetyl-glucosaminidasebeta NAG	Glycyl-tryptophan arylamidaseGTA	HIP	GLYG	PUL	MAL	MEL	MLZ	Acidification of methyl beta-D-glucopyranosideMbeta DG	TAG	beta MAN	URE
48299	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Host Body Product	#Oral cavity and Airways	#Pleural fluid
#Infection	#Patient	-

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Geographic location	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent	Latitude	Longitude	Sampling date	Isolation date
762	pleural fluid	Oslo	Norway	NOR	Europe	59.9115	10.7579 59.9115/10.7579
48299	Human pleural fluid,empyema							1967
119444	Human, Pleural fluid	Oslo	Norway	NOR	Europe				1967

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Pathogenicity human	Pathogenicity animal	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
762			2	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
119444			2	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
20218	Bacteroides fragilis 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer, partial sequence	AF385895	486		817
124043	Bacteroides fragilis partial 16S rRNA gene, strain DSMZ 1396	HE608160	1386		817

GC content

@ref	GC-content (mol%)	Method
762	43.0	thermal denaturation, midpoint method (Tm)

Genome-based predictions

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Phylogeny	Identification of clinically important anaerobic bacteria by an oligonucleotide array.	Lin YT, Vaneechoutte M, Huang AH, Teng LJ, Chen HM, Su SL, Chang TC.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01620-09	2010
	Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Prebiotic Enriched Infant Formula-A Randomized Controlled Trial.	Neumer F, Urraca O, Alonso J, Palencia J, Varea V, Theis S, Rodriguez-Palmero M, Moreno-Munoz JA, Guarner F, Veereman G, Vandenplas Y, Campoy C.	Nutrients	10.3390/nu13041276	2021
Enzymology	Fluorescent In situ hybridization allows rapid identification of microorganisms in blood cultures.	Kempf VA, Trebesius K, Autenrieth IB.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.38.2.830-838.2000	2000
	Examination of Acetylated Monosaccharides as Metabolic Probes in Bacteria.	Nigrovic SE, Paul A, Maji S, Ghosh A, Tran J, Luong P, Rackear WJ, Stemmler EA, Moulton KD, Kulkarni SS, Dube DH.	ACS Infect Dis	10.1021/acsinfecdis.5c00765	2025
	The effect of Bacteroides fragilis and its postbiotics on the expression of genes involved in the endocannabinoid system and intestinal epithelial integrity in Caco-2 cells.	Malek A, Ahmadi Badi S, Karimi G, Bizouarn T, Irian S, Siadat SD.	J Diabetes Metab Disord	10.1007/s40200-023-01264-8	2023
	Thioglycosides Act as Metabolic Inhibitors of Bacterial Glycan Biosynthesis.	Quintana IL, Paul A, Chowdhury A, Moulton KD, Kulkarni SS, Dube DH.	ACS Infect Dis	10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00324	2023
	Genome-scale metabolic modeling of the human gut bacterium Bacteroides fragilis strain 638R.	Neal M, Thiruppathy D, Zengler K.	PLoS Comput Biol	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011594	2023
	Extraction and Evaluation of Outer Membrane Vesicles from Two Important Gut Microbiota Members, Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.	Ahmadi Badi S, Moshiri A, Ettehad Marvasti F, Mojtahedzadeh M, Kazemi V, Siadat SD.	Cell J	10.22074/cellj.2020.6499	2020
	The regulation of Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) gene expression in opposite direction by Bacteroides spp. and related outer membrane vesicles in Caco-2 cell line.	Badi SA, Motahhary A, Bahramali G, Masoumi M, Khalili SFS, Ebrahimzadeh N, Nouri P, Rahimi A, Masotti A, Moshiri A, Siadat SD.	J Diabetes Metab Disord	10.1007/s40200-020-00522-3	2020
	Downregulation of ACE, AGTR1, and ACE2 genes mediating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis by gut microbiota members and their postbiotics on Caco-2 cells.	Ahmadi Badi S, Malek A, Paolini A, Rouhollahi Masoumi M, Seyedi SA, Amanzadeh A, Masotti A, Khatami S, Siadat SD.	Microb Pathog	10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105798	2022
	Asclepain cI, a proteolytic enzyme from Asclepias curassavica L., a south American plant, against Helicobacter pylori.	Salinas Ibanez AG, Origone AL, Liggieri CS, Barberis SE, Vega AE.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2022.961958	2022
	The effect of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on the production of outer membrane vesicles from Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.	Mirjafari Tafti ZS, Moshiri A, Ettehad Marvasti F, Tarashi S, Sadati Khalili SF, Motahhary A, Fateh A, Vaziri F, Ahmadi Badi S, Siadat SD.	Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench		2019
	Induction Effects of Bacteroides fragilis Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles on Toll Like Receptor 2, Toll Like Receptor 4 Genes Expression and Cytokines Concentration in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells.	Ahmadi Badi S, Khatami SH, Irani SH, Siadat SD.	Cell J	10.22074/cellj.2019.5750	2019
	Synthesis and Application of Rare Deoxy Amino l-Sugar Analogues to Probe Glycans in Pathogenic Bacteria.	Luong P, Ghosh A, Moulton KD, Kulkarni SS, Dube DH.	ACS Infect Dis	10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00060	2022
Pathogenicity	Aluminum-induced generation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the human gastrointestinal (GI)-tract microbiome-resident Bacteroides fragilis.	Alexandrov PN, Hill JM, Zhao Y, Bond T, Taylor CM, Percy ME, Li W, Lukiw WJ.	J Inorg Biochem	10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110886	2020
	Utility of Stool PCR for the Diagnosis of COVID-19: Comparison of Two Commercial Platforms.	Szymczak WA, Goldstein DY, Orner EP, Fecher RA, Yokoda RT, Skalina KA, Narlieva M, Gendlina I, Fox AS.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01369-20	2020
Pathogenicity	Pharmacodynamics of pulse dosing versus standard dosing: in vitro metronidazole activity against Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.	Ibrahim KH, Gunderson BW, Hermsen ED, Hovde LB, Rotschafer JC.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.48.11.4195-4199.2004	2004
Metabolism	Role of topoisomerase mutations and efflux in fluoroquinolone resistance of Bacteroides fragilis clinical isolates and laboratory mutants.	Ricci V, Peterson ML, Rotschafer JC, Wexler H, Piddock LJ.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.48.4.1344-1346.2004	2004
	Development of Rare Bacterial Monosaccharide Analogs for Metabolic Glycan Labeling in Pathogenic Bacteria.	Clark EL, Emmadi M, Krupp KL, Podilapu AR, Helble JD, Kulkarni SS, Dube DH.	ACS Chem Biol	10.1021/acschembio.6b00790	2016
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of trovafloxacin against Bacteroides fragilis in mixed culture with either Escherichia coli or a vancomycin- resistant strain of Enterococcus faecium determined by an anaerobic time-kill technique.	Stearne LE, Kooi C, Goessens WH, Bakker-Woudenberg IA, Gyssens IC.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.45.1.243-251.2001	2001
	Effect of a single percutaneous abscess drainage puncture and imipenem therapy, alone or in combination, in treatment of mixed-infection abscesses in mice.	Stearne LE, Buijk SL, Mouton JW, Gyssens IC.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.46.12.3712-3718.2002	2002
Pathogenicity	Comparative study of the effects of ceftizoxime, piperacillin, and piperacillin-tazobactam concentrations on antibacterial activity and selection of antibiotic-resistant mutants of Enterobacter cloacae and Bacteroides fragilis in vitro and in vivo in mixed-infection abscesses.	Stearne LE, van Boxtel D, Lemmens N, Goessens WH, Mouton JW, Gyssens IC.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.48.5.1688-1698.2004	2004
	Metabolic inhibitors of bacterial glycan biosynthesis.	Williams DA, Pradhan K, Paul A, Olin IR, Tuck OT, Moulton KD, Kulkarni SS, Dube DH.	Chem Sci	10.1039/c9sc05955e	2020
	Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial action of MTA, calcium hydroxide and Portland cement.	Ribeiro CS, Kuteken FA, Hirata Junior R, Scelza MF.	J Appl Oral Sci	10.1590/s1678-77572006000500006	2006
Pathogenicity	Characterization of bactericidal activity of clindamycin against Bacteroides fragilis via kill curve methods.	Klepser ME, Banevicius MA, Quintiliani R, Nightingale CH.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.40.8.1941	1996
Transcriptome	Microbial Contaminants of Cord Blood Units Identified by 16S rRNA Sequencing and by API Test System, and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profiling.	Franca L, Simoes C, Taborda M, Diogo C, da Costa MS.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0141152	2015
Phylogeny	A study on the characterization of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from ocular clinical specimens.	Sowmiya M, Malathi J, Swarnali S, Priya JP, Therese KL, Madhavan HN.	Indian J Med Res	10.4103/0971-5916.169209	2015
Phylogeny	Monoclonal antibodies to detect capsular diversity among Bacteroides fragilis isolates.	Pantosti A, Colangeli R, Tzianabos AO, Kasper DL.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.33.10.2647-2652.1995	1995
	In vivo efficacy of trovafloxacin against Bacteroides fragilis in mixed infection with either Escherichia coli or a vancomycin-resistant strain of Enterococcus faecium in an established-abscess murine model.	Stearne LE, Gyssens IC, Goessens WH, Mouton JW, Oyen WJ, van der Meer JW, Verbrugh HA.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.45.5.1394-1401.2001	2001
Pathogenicity	Nano-engineering the Antimicrobial Spectrum of Lantibiotics: Activity of Nisin against Gram Negative Bacteria.	Vukomanovic M, Zunic V, Kunej S, Jancar B, Jeverica S, Podlipec R, Suvorov D.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-017-04670-0	2017
	Structural characteristics of polysaccharides that induce protection against intra-abdominal abscess formation.	Tzianabos AO, Onderdonk AB, Zaleznik DF, Smith RS, Kasper DL.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.62.11.4881-4886.1994	1994
	How microbial glycosyl hydrolase activity in the gut mucosa initiates microbial cross-feeding.	Berkhout MD, Plugge CM, Belzer C.	Glycobiology	10.1093/glycob/cwab105	2022
Metabolism	Characterization of Bacteroides fragilis hemolysins and regulation and synergistic interactions of HlyA and HlyB.	Robertson KP, Smith CJ, Gough AM, Rocha ER.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.74.4.2304-2316.2006	2006
	Susceptibility of strict and facultative anaerobes Isolated from endodontic infections to metronidazole and beta-lactams.	Gaetti-Jardim Junior E, Landucci LF, Lins SA, Vieira EM, de Oliveira SR.	J Appl Oral Sci	10.1590/s1678-77572007000600016	2007
Enzymology	A distinctive 'microbial signature' in celiac pediatric patients.	Schippa S, Iebba V, Barbato M, Di Nardo G, Totino V, Checchi MP, Longhi C, Maiella G, Cucchiara S, Conte MP.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/1471-2180-10-175	2010
Enzymology	Rapid stool-based diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection by real-time PCR in a children's hospital.	Luna RA, Boyanton BL, Mehta S, Courtney EM, Webb CR, Revell PA, Versalovic J.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01983-10	2011
	Chemical and immunochemical analyses of Bacteroides fragilis lipopolysaccharides.	Weintraub A, Larsson BE, Lindberg AA.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.49.1.197-201.1985	1985
Pathogenicity	Comparative evaluation of the 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole compounds dimetridazole, metronidazole, secnidazole, ornidazole, tinidazole, carnidazole, and panidazole against Bacteroides fragilis and other bacteria of the Bacteroides fragilis group.	Jokipii L, Jokipii AM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.28.4.561	1985
Metabolism	Requirement of heme for growth of Bacteroides fragilis.	Sperry JF, Appleman MD, Wilkins TD.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.34.4.386-390.1977	1977
Metabolism	Characterization of the RokA and HexA broad-substrate-specificity hexokinases from Bacteroides fragilis and their role in hexose and N-acetylglucosamine utilization.	Brigham CJ, Malamy MH.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.187.3.890-901.2005	2005
Metabolism	Bacteroides fragilis strains express multiple capsular polysaccharides.	Pantosti A, Tzianabos AO, Reinap BG, Onderdonk AB, Kasper DL.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.31.7.1850-1855.1993	1993
Enzymology	Quantification of bacteria adherent to gastrointestinal mucosa by real-time PCR.	Huijsdens XW, Linskens RK, Mak M, Meuwissen SG, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Savelkoul PH.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.40.12.4423-4427.2002	2002
Metabolism	In vitro utilization of mucin by Bacteroides fragilis.	Roberton AM, Stanley RA.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.43.2.325-330.1982	1982
Pathogenicity	Activities of the oxazolidinones linezolid and eperezolid in experimental intra-abdominal abscess due to Enterococcus faecalis or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.	Schulin T, Thauvin-Eliopoulos C, Moellering RC, Eliopoulos GM.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.43.12.2873	1999
Enzymology	Rapid and sensitive assay for detection of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis.	Zhang G, Weintraub A.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.36.12.3545-3548.1998	1998
	Morphology of bacteriophage-like particles from Fusobacterium symbiosum.	Foglesong MA, Markovetz AJ.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.119.1.325-329.1974	1974
Enzymology	Detection of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Bacteroides ovatus in clinical specimens by immunofluorescence with a monoclonal antibody to B. fragilis lipopolysaccharide.	Viljanen MK, Linko L, Lehtonen OP.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.26.3.448-452.1988	1988
Pathogenicity	Factors affecting the in vitro activity of cefoperazone against the Bacteroides fragilis group.	Sutter VL, Kwok YY.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.20.6.723	1981
	Bacteriophage-associated spherical bodies in Bacteroides fragilis.	Silver RP, Chase DG, Tally FP, Gorbach SL.	J Virol	10.1128/jvi.15.4.894-897.1975	1975
	Changes in macromolecular composition and morphology of Bacteroides fragilis cultured in a complex medium.	Frantz JC, McCallum RE.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.39.2.445-448.1980	1980
Phylogeny	Immunochemical evidence for multiple serotypes of Bacteroides fragilis.	Cherniak R, Lombard GL, Dowell VR.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.9.6.699-704.1979	1979
Phylogeny	Detection of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis by PCR.	Pantosti A, Malpeli M, Wilks M, Menozzi MG, D'Ambrosio F.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.35.10.2482-2486.1997	1997
	Cellular immunity to Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide.	Shapiro ME, Onderdonk AB, Kasper DL, Finberg RW.	J Exp Med	10.1084/jem.155.4.1188	1982
	Enhancement of experimental ulcerative colitis by immunization with Bacteroides vulgatus.	Onderdonk AB, Cisneros RL, Bronson RT.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.42.2.783-788.1983	1983
	Contribution of Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin to bacterial virulence and to intraperitoneal alterations in peritonitis.	May AK, Gleason TG, Sawyer RG, Pruett TL.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.68.1.176-183.2000	2000
	Analysis of rRNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms from Bacteroides spp. and Bacteroides fragilis isolates associated with diarrhea in humans and animals.	Smith CJ, Callihan DR.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.30.4.806-812.1992	1992
	Evidence for T cell-dependent immunity to Bacteroides fragilis in an intraabdominal abscess model.	Onderdonk AB, Markham RB, Zaleznik DF, Cisneros RL, Kasper DL.	J Clin Invest	10.1172/jci110445	1982
	Adherence of Bacteroides fragilis in vivo.	Onderdonk AB, Moon NE, Kasper DL, Bartlett JG.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.19.3.1083-1087.1978	1978
	Serological study of trichloroacetic acid extracts of Bacteroides fragilis.	Abshire RL, Dowell VR, Lombard GL.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.9.2.274-279.1979	1979
Metabolism	Inactivation of cephalosporins by Bacteroides.	Tally FP, O'Keefe JP, Sullivan NM, Gorbach SL.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.16.5.565	1979
Metabolism	A soluble suppressor T cell factor protects against experimental intraabdominal abscesses.	Zaleznik DF, Finberg RW, Shapiro ME, Onderdonk AB, Kasper DL.	J Clin Invest	10.1172/jci111763	1985
	Intraperitoneal host cellular responses and in vivo killing of Bacteroides fragilis in a bacterial containment chamber.	Onderdonk AB, Cisneros RL, Crabb JH, Finberg RW, Kasper DL.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.57.10.3030-3037.1989	1989
Metabolism	Synthesis of alpha-ketoglutarate by reductive carboxylation of succinate in Veillonella, Selenomonas, and Bacteriodes species.	Allison MJ, Robinson IM, Baetz AL.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.140.3.980-986.1979	1979
	Lipopolysaccharides from Bacteroides fragilis are mitogenic for spleen cells from endotoxin responder and nonresponder mice.	Joiner KA, McAdam KP, Kasper DL.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.36.3.1139-1145.1982	1982
	Immunochemical characterization of two surface polysaccharides of Bacteroides fragilis.	Pantosti A, Tzianabos AO, Onderdonk AB, Kasper DL.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.59.6.2075-2082.1991	1991
Metabolism	Alternative pathways for biosynthesis of leucine and other amino acids in Bacteroides ruminicola and Bacteroides fragilis.	Allison MJ, Baetz AL, Wiegel J.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.48.6.1111-1117.1984	1984
	Characterization of opsonins for Bacteroides fragilis in immune sera collected from experimentally infected mice.	Ellis TM, Barrett JT.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.35.3.929-936.1982	1982
	Fluorescent-antibody studies on selected strains of Bacteroides fragilis subspecies fragilis.	Abshire RL, Lombard GL, Dowell VR.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.6.4.425-432.1977	1977
Metabolism	Pathway of succinate and propionate formation in Bacteroides fragilis.	Macy JM, Ljungdahl LG, Gottschalk G.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.134.1.84-91.1978	1978
Pathogenicity	In vitro activity of FK037, a new parenteral cephalosporin, against anaerobic bacteria.	Kato N, Kato H, Tanaka Y, Bando K, Watanabe K, Ueno K.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.37.5.957	1993
Phylogeny	Serological studies of Bacteroides fragilis.	Elhag KM, Bettelheim KA, Tabaqchali S.	J Hyg (Lond)	10.1017/s0022172400053043	1977
	IgG antibodies against anaerobic bacteria in blood donor sera.	Schwan A.	J Clin Pathol	10.1136/jcp.34.4.416	1981
Pathogenicity	Effect of oligosaccharides on the adhesion of gut bacteria to human HT-29 cells.	Altamimi M, Abdelhay O, Rastall RA	Anaerobe	10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.03.010	2016
Pathogenicity	Effect of dosing and dosing frequency on the efficacy of ceftizoxime and the emergence of ceftizoxime resistance during the early development of murine abscesses caused by Bacteroides fragilis and Enterobacter cloacae mixed infection.	Stearne LE, Goessens WH, Mouton JW, Gyssens IC	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/AAC.01486-06	2007
Metabolism	Effect of recombinant murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with or without fluoroquinolone therapy on mixed-infection abscesses in mice.	Stearne LE, Vonk AG, Kullberg BJ, Gyssens IC	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/AAC.49.9.3668-3675.2005	2005
Pathogenicity	Pharmacodynamics of trovafloxacin and levofloxacin against Bacteroides fragilis in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model.	Peterson ML, Hovde LB, Wright DH, Brown GH, Hoang AD, Rotschafer JC	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/AAC.46.1.203-210.2002	2002
Genetics	Use of rep-PCR to define genetic relatedness among Bacteroides fragilis strains.	Moraes SR, Goncalves RB, Mouton C, Seldin L, Ferreira MCS, Domingues RMCP	J Med Microbiol	10.1099/0022-1317-49-3-279	2000
Pathogenicity	Fluoroquinolone resistance in Bacteroides fragilis following sparfloxacin exposure.	Peterson ML, Hovde LB, Wright DH, Hoang AD, Raddatz JK, Boysen PJ, Rotschafer JC	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/AAC.43.9.2251	1999
Phylogeny	Bacteroides fragilis isolates compared by AP-PCR.	Moraes SR, Goncalves RB, Mouton C, Seldin L, Ferreira MC, Domingues RM	Res Microbiol	10.1016/s0923-2508(99)80050-3	1999
Genetics	Structural elucidation of the capsular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis strain 23745M1.	Pavliak V, Uhrin D, Brisson JR, Tzianabos AO, Kasper DL, Jennings HJ	Carbohydr Res	10.1016/0008-6215(95)00158-p	1995
	Recognition of immunologically important antigens in Bacteroides fragilis infection -an experimental study in mice.	Khanna T, Panigrahi D, Ganguly NK, Majumdar S	World J Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/BF00144468	1994
Enzymology	Evaluation of activity of temafloxacin against Bacteroides fragilis by an in vitro pharmacodynamic system.	Zabinski RA, Vance-Bryan K, Krinke AJ, Walker KJ, Moody JA, Rotschafer JC	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/AAC.37.11.2454	1993
	Serum antibody response to Bacteroides fragilis in experimental sinusitis.	Westrin KM, Stierna P, Weintraub A, Palmgren AC, Nord CE	Infection	10.1007/BF01726458	1991
Phylogeny	Surface structures, haemagglutination and cell surface hydrophobicity of Bacteroides fragilis strains.	Oyston PC, Handley PS	J Gen Microbiol	10.1099/00221287-136-5-941	1990
Enzymology	Monoclonal antibodies to Bacteroides fragilis lipopolysaccharide.	Linko-Kettunen L, Arstila P, Jalkanen M, Jousimies-Somer H, Lassila O, Lehtonen OP, Weintraub A, Viljanen MK	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.20.3.519-524.1984	1984
Pathogenicity	Detection of specific bacterial antigen in urine of patients infected with Bacteroides fragilis.	Rissing JP, Buxton TB, Harris RW, Shockley RK	J Infect Dis	10.1093/infdis/149.6.929	1984
	The growth and survival of capsulate and non-capsulate Bacteroides fragilis in vivo and in vitro.	Patrick S, Reid JH, Larkin MJ	J Med Microbiol	10.1099/00222615-17-3-237	1984
	Capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides from two strains of Bacteroides fragilis.	Kasper DL, Lindberg AA, Weintraub A, Onderdonk AB, Lonngren J	Rev Infect Dis	10.1093/clinids/6.supplement_1.s25	1984
	Detection of a specific bacterial antigen in urine of rats with Bacteroides fragilis infection.	Rissing JP, Buxton TB, Harris RW, Shockley RK, Craven P, Moore WL	J Lab Clin Med	0022-2143(83)90094-X	1983
	Demonstration of bacteroides capsules by light microscopy and ultrastructural cytochemistry.	Strohm H, Payne CM, Ryan KJ	Am J Clin Pathol	10.1093/ajcp/79.5.591	1983
	Capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides from two Bacteroides fragilis reference strains: chemical and immunochemical characterization.	Kasper DL, Weintraub A, Lindberg AA, Lonngren J	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.153.2.991-997.1983	1983
Phylogeny	Use of an immunoperoxidase method for identification of Bacteroides fragilis.	Hsu PC, Minshew BH, Williams BL, Lennard ES	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.10.3.285-289.1979	1979

References

#762	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 1396
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#42287	; Curators of the CIP;
#48299	Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) ; Curators of the CCUG; CCUG 25931
#68380	Automatically annotated from API rID32A .
#68381	Automatically annotated from API rID32STR .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#119444	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 103754
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

Rate our new design

Content

About us

"Sphaerophorus intermedius" (CCUG 25931, DSM 1396, ATCC 23745)

Name and taxonomic classification