Spiroplasma melliferum DSM 21833 is a microaerophile, mesophilic animal pathogen that was isolated from honeybee, Apis mellifera.
microaerophile mesophilic animal pathogen 16S sequence| @ref 20215 |
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| Domain Bacillati |
| Phylum Mycoplasmatota |
| Class Mollicutes |
| Order Mycoplasmatales |
| Family Spiroplasmataceae |
| Genus Spiroplasma |
| Species Spiroplasma melliferum |
| Full scientific name Spiroplasma melliferum Clark et al. 1985 |
| 15979 | Incubation period1-2 days |
| @ref | Name | Growth | Medium link | Composition | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15979 | SP4-Z MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 1076b) | Medium recipe at MediaDive | Name: SP4-Z MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 1076b) Composition: Agar 10.0 g/l Tryptone 10.0 g/l Bacto peptone 5.0 g/l PPLO broth 3.5 g/l Urea 2.0 g/l Glucose 1.0 g/l None 1.0 g/l Yeast extract 0.4 g/l DNA 0.2 g/l CMRL 1066 Fetal bovine serum Swine serum Distilled water |
| @ref | Growth | Type | Temperature (°C) | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15979 | positive | growth | 30 | mesophilic |
| 15979 | Oxygen tolerancemicroaerophile |
| @ref | Sample type | Host species | Geographic location | Country | Country ISO 3 Code | Continent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15979 | honeybee, Apis mellifera | Apis mellifera | Maryland | USA | USA | North America |
Global distribution of 16S sequence AY325304 (>99% sequence identity) for Spiroplasma from Microbeatlas ![]()
| @ref | Description | Accession | Length | Database | NCBI tax ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15979 | Spiroplasma melliferum strain BC-3 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence | AY325304 | 1515 | 2134 | ||
| 124043 | Spiroplasma melliferum strain BC3 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence 16S-23S intergenic spacer, complete sequence and 23S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. | DQ004905 | 913 | 2134 |
| Title | Authors | Journal | DOI | Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comparative genome analysis of Spiroplasma melliferum IPMB4A, a honeybee-associated bacterium. | Lo WS, Chen LL, Chung WC, Gasparich GE, Kuo CH. | BMC Genomics | 10.1186/1471-2164-14-22 | 2013 | |
| Honey bee colonies act as reservoirs for two Spiroplasma facultative symbionts and incur complex, multiyear infection dynamics. | Schwarz RS, Teixeira EW, Tauber JP, Birke JM, Martins MF, Fonseca I, Evans JD. | Microbiologyopen | 10.1002/mbo3.172 | 2014 | |
| Characterization of the recA gene regions of Spiroplasma citri and Spiroplasma melliferum. | Marais A, Bove JM, Renaudin J. | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/jb.178.23.7003-7009.1996 | 1996 | |
| Nucleotide sequence of the Spiroplasma citri fibril protein gene. | Williamson DL, Renaudin J, Bove JM. | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/jb.173.14.4353-4362.1991 | 1991 | |
| Spiroplasma citri virus SpV1-derived cloning vector: deletion formation by illegitimate and homologous recombination in a spiroplasmal host strain which probably lacks a functional recA gene. | Marais A, Bove JM, Renaudin J. | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/jb.178.3.862-870.1996 | 1996 | |
| Honey as an eDNA Reservoir: Detecting Spiroplasma apis and Spiroplasma melliferum in Australian honey bee populations. | Bhasi G, Zerna G, Beddoe T. | J Invertebr Pathol | 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108482 | 2025 | |
| Unraveling the ecological impact of a bacterial biocontrol agent applied to melon plants: insights into phenotypic, biochemical, and microbiota changes affected by Frateuria defendens | Moussa S, Naor V, Kruh LI. | Eur J Plant Pathol | 2025 | ||
| Microbiome of honey bee corbicular pollen: Factors influencing its structure and potential for studying pathogen transmission. | Shi H, Ratering S, Schneider B, Schnell S. | Sci Total Environ | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178107 | 2025 | |
| Dynamics of interdomain rotation facilitates FtsZ filament assembly. | Chakraborty J, Poddar S, Dutta S, Bahulekar V, Harne S, Srinivasan R, Gayathri P. | J Biol Chem | 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107336 | 2024 | |
| New insights into honey bee viral and bacterial seasonal infection patterns using third-generation nanopore sequencing on honey bee haemolymph. | Van Herzele C, Coppens S, Vereecke N, Theuns S, de Graaf DC, Nauwynck H. | Vet Res | 10.1186/s13567-024-01382-y | 2024 | |
| Diversity of Potential Resistance Mechanisms in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) Selected for Low Population Growth of the Parasitic Mite, Varroa destructor. | De la Mora A, Goodwin PH, Morfin N, Petukhova T, Guzman-Novoa E. | Insects | 10.3390/insects16040385 | 2025 | |
| Evaluation of the biocontrol activity of Frateuria defendens-derived metabolites against mollicutes. | Naama-Amar A, Gerchman Y, Iasur Kruh L, Naor V. | Plant Signal Behav | 10.1080/15592324.2022.2070355 | 2022 | |
| DNA in honey could describe the changes in flower visits and microbe encounters of honey bees over decades. | Cirtwill AR, Wirta H. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-025-93315-8 | 2025 | |
| Infection Function of Adhesin-Like Protein ALP609 from Spiroplasma melliferum CH-1. | Zha GD, Yang DH, Wang JJ, Yang B, Yu HS. | Curr Microbiol | 10.1007/s00284-018-1435-y | 2018 | |
| Immune responses in the haemolymph and antimicrobial peptide expression in the abdomen of Apis mellifera challenged with Spiroplasma melliferum CH-1. | Yang D, Zha G, Li X, Gao H, Yu H. | Microb Pathog | 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.006 | 2017 | |
| Structural plasticity and thermal stability of the histone-like protein from Spiroplasma melliferum are due to phenylalanine insertions into the conservative scaffold. | Timofeev VI, Altukhov DA, Talyzina AA, Agapova YK, Vlaskina AV, Korzhenevskiy DA, Kleymenov SY, Bocharov EV, Rakitina TV. | J Biomol Struct Dyn | 10.1080/07391102.2017.1417162 | 2018 | |
| Prevalence of pathogens in abnormal honey bees in South Korea, 2020-2023. | Heo J, Yoo DS, Cheon DS, Kim Y, Kim DY. | J Vet Diagn Invest | 10.1177/10406387241299868 | 2025 | |
| Honey bulk DNA metagenomic analysis to identify honey biological composition and monitor honey bee pathogens | Paluoja P, Vaher M, Teder H, Krjutskov K, Salumets A, Raime K. | NPJ Sci Food | 2025 | ||
| Spiroplasma eriocheiris FtsZ assembles the ring-like structure assisted by SepF. | Kasai T, Tahara YO, Miyata M, Shiomi D. | J Biol Chem | 10.1016/j.jbc.2025.108373 | 2025 | |
| An improved non-denaturing method for the purification of spiralin, the main membrane lipoprotein of the pathogenic bacteria Spiroplasma melliferum. | Desfougeres Y, Poitou JM, Wroblewski H, Beven L. | J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci | 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.10.012 | 2016 | |
| Occurrence of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Pathogens in Wild Pollinators in Northern Italy. | Cilia G, Flaminio S, Zavatta L, Ranalli R, Quaranta M, Bortolotti L, Nanetti A. | Front Cell Infect Microbiol | 10.3389/fcimb.2022.907489 | 2022 | |
| Draft Genome Sequence of a Dyella-Like Bacterium from the Planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus. | Lahav T, Zchori-Fein E, Naor V, Freilich S, Iasur-Kruh L. | Genome Announc | 10.1128/genomea.00686-16 | 2016 | |
| Introduction of a putative biocontrol agent into a range of phytoplasma- and liberibacter-susceptible crop plants. | Lidor O, Dror O, Hamershlak D, Shoshana N, Belausov E, Zahavi T, Mozes-Daube N, Naor V, Zchori-Fein E, Iasur-Kruh L, Bahar O. | Pest Manag Sci | 10.1002/ps.4775 | 2018 | |
| Detection of Spiroplasma melliferum in honey bee colonies in the US. | Zheng HQ, Chen YP. | J Invertebr Pathol | 10.1016/j.jip.2014.03.006 | 2014 | |
| Exploring the interactions between Nosema ceranae infection and the honey bee gut microbiome. | Lau E, Maccaro J, McFrederick QS, Nieh JC. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-024-67796-y | 2024 | |
| The wall-less bacterium Spiroplasma poulsonii builds a polymeric cytoskeleton composed of interacting MreB isoforms. | Masson F, Pierrat X, Lemaitre B, Persat A. | iScience | 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103458 | 2021 | |
| Structure-based inhibitors targeting the alpha-helical domain of the Spiroplasma melliferum histone-like HU protein. | Agapova YK, Altukhov DA, Timofeev VI, Stroylov VS, Mityanov VS, Korzhenevskiy DA, Vlaskina AV, Smirnova EV, Bocharov EV, Rakitina TV. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-020-72113-4 | 2020 | |
| Modeling seasonal immune dynamics of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) response to injection of heat-killed Serratia marcescens. | Hurychova J, Dostal J, Kunc M, Sreibr S, Dostalkova S, Petrivalsky M, Hyrsl P, Titera D, Danihlik J, Dobes P. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0311415 | 2024 | |
| The Structure of Spiroplasma Virus 4: Exploring the Capsid Diversity of the Microviridae. | Mietzsch M, Kailasan S, Bennett A, Chipman P, Fane B, Huiskonen JT, Clarke IN, McKenna R. | Viruses | 10.3390/v16071103 | 2024 | |
| Bacterial associates of Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), the insect vector of bois noir disease, with a focus on cultivable bacteria. | Iasur-Kruh L, Naor V, Zahavi T, Ballinger MJ, Sharon R, Robinson WE, Perlman SJ, Zchori-Fein E. | Res Microbiol | 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.08.005 | 2017 | |
| Short reads from honey bee (Apis sp.) sequencing projects reflect microbial associate diversity. | Gerth M, Hurst GDD. | PeerJ | 10.7717/peerj.3529 | 2017 | |
| Prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Central Bohemia. | Klubal R, Kopecky J, Nesvorna M, Sparagano OA, Thomayerova J, Hubert J. | Exp Appl Acarol | 10.1007/s10493-015-9988-y | 2016 | |
| Identification of intracellular Spiroplasma melliferum metabolites by the HPLC-MS method. | Vanyushkina AA, Kamashev DE, Altukhov IA, Govorun VM. | Biochemistry (Mosc) | 10.1134/s000629791208007x | 2012 | |
| Application of Spiroplasma melliferum proteogenomic profiling for the discovery of virulence factors and pathogenicity mechanisms in host-associated spiroplasmas. | Alexeev D, Kostrjukova E, Aliper A, Popenko A, Bazaleev N, Tyakht A, Selezneva O, Akopian T, Prichodko E, Kondratov I, Chukin M, Demina I, Galyamina M, Kamashev D, Vanyushkina A, Ladygina V, Levitskii S, Lazarev V, Govorun V. | J Proteome Res | 10.1021/pr2008626 | 2012 | |
| Molecular detection of Spiroplasma apis and Spiroplasma melliferum in bees. | Meeus I, Vercruysse V, Smagghe G. | J Invertebr Pathol | 10.1016/j.jip.2011.11.006 | 2012 | |
| Pathogens Spillover from Honey Bees to Other Arthropods. | Nanetti A, Bortolotti L, Cilia G. | Pathogens | 10.3390/pathogens10081044 | 2021 | |
| Antimicrobial Activity of Metabolites Secreted by the Endophytic Bacterium Frateuria defendens. | Naama-Amar A, Gitman S, Shoshana N, Bahar O, Naor V, Zchori-Fein E, Iasur-Kruh L. | Plants (Basel) | 10.3390/plants9010072 | 2020 | |
| Reconstruction of Transcription Control Networks in Mollicutes by High-Throughput Identification of Promoters. | Fisunov GY, Garanina IA, Evsyutina DV, Semashko TA, Nikitina AS, Govorun VM. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01977 | 2016 | |
| Several New Putative Bacterial ADP-Ribosyltransferase Toxins Are Revealed from In Silico Data Mining, Including the Novel Toxin Vorin, Encoded by the Fire Blight Pathogen Erwinia amylovora. | Tremblay O, Thow Z, Merrill AR. | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins12120792 | 2020 | |
| Honeybee (Apis mellifera)-associated bacterial community affected by American foulbrood: detection of Paenibacillus larvae via microbiome analysis. | Erban T, Ledvinka O, Kamler M, Nesvorna M, Hortova B, Tyl J, Titera D, Markovic M, Hubert J. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-017-05076-8 | 2017 | |
| [Characteristics of three spiroplasma isolates from honeybee (Apis mellifera)]. | Hui L, Zhong Z, Hu B, Yang B, Ji Y, Yu H. | Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao | 2010 | ||
| Identification of the mutual gliding locus as a factor for gut colonization in non-native bee hosts using the ARTP mutagenesis. | Meng Y, Zhang X, Zhai Y, Li Y, Shao Z, Liu S, Zhang C, Xing XH, Zheng H. | Microbiome | 10.1186/s40168-024-01813-0 | 2024 | |
| Diverse toxin repertoire but limited metabolic capacities inferred from the draft genome assemblies of three Spiroplasma (Citri clade) strains associated with Drosophila. | Ramirez P, Martinez Montoya H, Aramayo R, Mateos M. | Microb Genom | 10.1099/mgen.0.001408 | 2025 | |
| Classification of electron sub-tomograms with neural networks and its application to template-matching. | Yu Z, Frangakis AS. | J Struct Biol | 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.02.009 | 2011 | |
| Suppression of yolk formation, oviposition and egg quality of locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis) infected by Paranosema locustae. | Hu YW, Wang SH, Tang Y, Xie GQ, Ding YJ, Xu QY, Tang B, Zhang L, Wang SG. | Front Immunol | 10.3389/fimmu.2022.848267 | 2022 | |
| Evolution and Diversity of Inherited Spiroplasma Symbionts in Myrmica Ants. | Ballinger MJ, Moore LD, Perlman SJ. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.02299-17 | 2018 | |
| Collection and curation of prokaryotic genome assemblies from type strains at NCBI. | Kannan S, Sharma S, Ciufo S, Clark K, Turner S, Kitts PA, Schoch CL, DiCuccio M, Kimchi A. | Int J Syst Evol Microbiol | 10.1099/ijsem.0.005707 | 2023 | |
| Cryo-electron tomography reveals the cytoskeletal structure of Spiroplasma melliferum. | Kurner J, Frangakis AS, Baumeister W. | Science | 10.1126/science.1104031 | 2005 | |
| WhiA transcription factor provides feedback loop between translation and energy production in a genome-reduced bacterium. | Fisunov GY, Tsvetkov VB, Tsoy EA, Evsyutina DV, Vedyaykin AD, Garanina IA, Semashko TA, Manuvera VA, Varizhuk AM, Kovalchuk SI, Zubov AI, Barinov NA, Pobeguts OV, Govorun VM. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1504418 | 2024 | |
| Fast, label-free super-resolution live-cell imaging using rotating coherent scattering (ROCS) microscopy. | Junger F, Olshausen PV, Rohrbach A. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/srep30393 | 2016 | |
| Dynamics of a Protein Chain Motor Driving Helical Bacteria under Stress. | Roth J, Koch MD, Rohrbach A. | Biophys J | 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.02.043 | 2018 | |
| [Isolation and biological characteristics of Spiroplasmas from flower surface]. | Hanshou Y, Kangqin R, Yanling J, Yongxuan C, Zhiwei W. | Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao | 2008 | ||
| Metabolomic analysis of three Mollicute species. | Vanyushkina AA, Fisunov GY, Gorbachev AY, Kamashev DE, Govorun VM. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0089312 | 2014 | |
| The genome and antigen proteome analysis of Spiroplasma mirum. | Liu P, Li Y, Ye Y, Chen J, Li R, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang W, Meng Q, Ou J, Yang Z, Sun W, Gu W. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2022.996938 | 2022 | |
| Characterization of heterologously expressed Fibril, a shape and motility determining cytoskeletal protein of the helical bacterium Spiroplasma. | Harne S, Gayathri P. | iScience | 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105055 | 2022 | |
| Comprehensive bee pathogen screening in Belgium reveals Crithidia mellificae as a new contributory factor to winter mortality. | Ravoet J, Maharramov J, Meeus I, De Smet L, Wenseleers T, Smagghe G, de Graaf DC. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0072443 | 2013 | |
| Coexistence of Two Chiral Helices Produces Kink Translation in Spiroplasma Swimming. | Nakane D, Ito T, Nishizaka T. | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/jb.00735-19 | 2020 | |
| The transcriptomic signature of low aggression in honey bees resembles a response to infection. | Rittschof CC, Rubin BER, Palmer JH. | BMC Genomics | 10.1186/s12864-019-6417-3 | 2019 | |
| Shotgun sequencing of honey DNA can describe honey bee derived environmental signatures and the honey bee hologenome complexity. | Bovo S, Utzeri VJ, Ribani A, Cabbri R, Fontanesi L. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-020-66127-1 | 2020 | |
| Mapping 70S ribosomes in intact cells by cryoelectron tomography and pattern recognition. | Ortiz JO, Forster F, Kurner J, Linaroudis AA, Baumeister W. | J Struct Biol | 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.04.014 | 2006 | |
| Endosymbionts that threaten commercially raised and wild bumble bees (Bombus spp.). | Figueroa LL, Sadd BM, Tripodi AD, Strange JP, Colla SR, Adams LD, Duennes MA, Evans EC, Lehmann DM, Moylett H, Richardson L, Smith JW, Smith TA, Spevak EM, Inouye DW. | J Pollinat Ecol | 10.26786/1920-7603(2023)713 | 2023 | |
| Chemical analysis of processing of spiralin, the major lipoprotein of Spiroplasma melliferum. | Le Henaff M, Fontenelle C. | Arch Microbiol | 10.1007/s002030000145 | 2000 | |
| Bacteriophage protein Gp46 is a cross-species inhibitor of nucleoid-associated HU proteins. | Zhang P, Zhao X, Wang Y, Du K, Wang Z, Yu J, Chang G, Matthews S, Wang H, Liu B. | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | 10.1073/pnas.2116278119 | 2022 | |
| Susceptibility of Red Mason Bee Larvae to Bacterial Threats Due to Microbiome Exchange with Imported Pollen Provisions. | Voulgari-Kokota A, Steffan-Dewenter I, Keller A. | Insects | 10.3390/insects11060373 | 2020 | |
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| Microbiota dysbiosis in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) larvae infected with brood diseases and foraging bees exposed to agrochemicals. | Ye MH, Fan SH, Li XY, Tarequl IM, Yan CX, Wei WH, Yang SM, Zhou B. | R Soc Open Sci | 10.1098/rsos.201805 | 2021 | |
| Isolation, molecular characterisation and genome sequence of a bacteriophage (Chp3) from Chlamydophila pecorum. | Garner SA, Everson JS, Lambden PR, Fane BA, Clarke IN. | Virus Genes | 10.1023/b:viru.0000016860.53035.f3 | 2004 | |
| Transformation of the Drosophila Sex-Manipulative Endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii and Persisting Hurdles for Functional Genetic Studies. | Masson F, Schupfer F, Jollivet C, Lemaitre B. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.00835-20 | 2020 | |
| The 57-Kilodalton Phosphoprotein of Spiroplasma melliferum Is Autophosphorylated | Borovsky Z, Aner R, Rottem S. | Curr Microbiol | 10.1007/s002849900140 | 1997 | |
| Non-contact fiber-optical trapping of motile bacteria: dynamics observation and energy estimation. | Xin H, Liu Q, Li B. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/srep06576 | 2014 | |
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| Proteome analysis of Spiroplasma melliferum (A56) and protein characterisation across species boundaries. | Cordwell SJ, Basseal DJ, Humphery-Smith I. | Electrophoresis | 10.1002/elps.1150180809 | 1997 | |
| An attachment tip and pili-like structures in insect- and plant-pathogenic spiroplasmas of the class Mollicutes. | Ammar el-D, Fulton D, Bai X, Meulia T, Hogenhout SA. | Arch Microbiol | 10.1007/s00203-003-0630-8 | 2004 | |
| Three-Dimensional Structure of the Ultraoligotrophic Marine Bacterium "Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique". | Zhao X, Schwartz CL, Pierson J, Giovannoni SJ, McIntosh JR, Nicastro D. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.02807-16 | 2017 | |
| Characterisation of basic proteins from Spiroplasma melliferum using novel immobilised pH gradients. | Cordwell SJ, Basseal DJ, Bjellqvist B, Shaw DC, Humphery-Smith I. | Electrophoresis | 10.1002/elps.1150180814 | 1997 | |
| BEExact: a Metataxonomic Database Tool for High-Resolution Inference of Bee-Associated Microbial Communities. | Daisley BA, Reid G. | mSystems | 10.1128/msystems.00082-21 | 2021 | |
| Comparison of metabolic capacities and inference of gene content evolution in mosquito-associated Spiroplasma diminutum and S. taiwanense. | Lo WS, Ku C, Chen LL, Chang TH, Kuo CH. | Genome Biol Evol | 10.1093/gbe/evt108 | 2013 | |
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| #15979 | Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 21833 |
| #20215 | Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 ) |
| #69479 | João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta . |
| #124043 | Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy . |
| #126262 | A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 ) |
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