Clostridium tetani CCUG 4220 is an anaerobe bacterium of the family Clostridiaceae.
anaerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria| @ref 20215 |
Last LPSN update
2026-02-09 11:33:59 |
| Domain Bacteria |
| Phylum Bacillota |
| Class Clostridia |
| Order Eubacteriales |
| Family Clostridiaceae |
| Genus Clostridium |
| Species Clostridium tetani |
| Full scientific name Clostridium tetani (Flügge 1886) Bergey et al. 1923 (Approved Lists 1980) |
| Synonyms (1) |
| BacDive ID | Other strains from Clostridium tetani (9) | Type strain |
|---|---|---|
| 2790 | C. tetani 34946A, DSM 11744 | |
| 2791 | C. tetani E4222, DSM 11745 | |
| 135092 | C. tetani 407-86, CIP 108174 | |
| 136933 | C. tetani CIP 108172 | |
| 136934 | C. tetani 358-99, CIP 108173 | |
| 136935 | C. tetani 132CV, CIP 108175 | |
| 141394 | C. tetani CCUG 1408 | |
| 154093 | C. tetani CCUG 52330 | |
| 174181 | C. tetani Harvard, CIP 60.37 |
| @ref | Chebi-ID | Metabolite | Utilization activity | Kind of utilization tested | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 68380 | 29016 ChEBI | arginine | - | hydrolysis | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | 16024 ChEBI | D-mannose | - | fermentation | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | 29985 ChEBI | L-glutamate | - | degradation | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | 17632 ChEBI | nitrate | - | reduction | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | 16634 ChEBI | raffinose | - | fermentation | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | 27897 ChEBI | tryptophan | - | energy source | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | 16199 ChEBI | urea | - | hydrolysis | from API rID32A |
| @ref | Chebi-ID | Metabolite | Production | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 68380 | 35581 ChEBI | indole | from API rID32A |
| @ref | Chebi-ID | Metabolite | Indole test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 68380 | 35581 ChEBI | indole | - | from API rID32A |
| @ref | Value | Activity | Ec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 68380 | alanine arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.2 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | alkaline phosphatase | - | 3.1.3.1 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | alpha-arabinosidase | - | 3.2.1.55 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | alpha-fucosidase | - | 3.2.1.51 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | alpha-galactosidase | - | 3.2.1.22 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | alpha-glucosidase | - | 3.2.1.20 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | arginine dihydrolase | - | 3.5.3.6 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | beta-galactosidase | - | 3.2.1.23 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphate | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | beta-glucosidase | - | 3.2.1.21 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | beta-glucuronidase | - | 3.2.1.31 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | glutamate decarboxylase | - | 4.1.1.15 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | glutamyl-glutamate arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | glycin arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | histidine arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | L-arginine arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | leucine arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.1 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | leucyl glycin arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.1 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase | - | 3.2.1.52 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | phenylalanine arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | proline-arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.5 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | pyrrolidonyl arylamidase | - | 3.4.19.3 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | serine arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | tryptophan deaminase | - | 4.1.99.1 | from API rID32A |
| 68380 | tyrosine arylamidase | - | from API rID32A | |
| 68380 | urease | - | 3.5.1.5 | from API rID32A |
| @ref | Description | Assembly level | INSDC accession | BV-BRC accession | IMG accession | NCBI tax ID | Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 66792 | IMG-taxon 2585428146 annotated assembly for Clostridium tetani ATCC 19406 | scaffold | GCA_900167265   | 1513.39  | 2585428146  | 1513 | 72.57 | |
| 66792 | ASM76230v1 assembly for Clostridium tetani ATCC 19406 | scaffold | GCA_000762305 | 1513.25 | 2617271309 | 1513 | 69.34 | |
| Topic | Title | Authors | Journal | DOI | Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enzymology | Rapid Detection of Clostridium tetani by Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Using an Exo Probe. | Guo M, Feng P, Zhang L, Feng C, Fu J, Pu X, Liu F. | J Microbiol Biotechnol | 10.4014/jmb.2109.09022 | 2022 | |
| Stress | Expression of Recombinant Clostridial Neurotoxin by C. tetani. | Gregg BM, Gupta S, Tepp WH, Pellett S. | Microorganisms | 10.3390/microorganisms12122611 | 2024 | |
| Phylogeny | Comparative pathogenomics of Clostridium tetani. | Cohen JE, Wang R, Shen RF, Wu WW, Keller JE. | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0182909 | 2017 | |
| The gene expression and bioinformatic analysis of choline trimethylamine-lyase (CutC) and its activating enzyme (CutD) for gut microbes and comparison with their TMA production levels. | Ramireddy L, Tsen HY, Chiang YC, Hung CY, Chen FC, Yen HT. | Curr Res Microb Sci | 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100043 | 2021 | | |
| The Distinctive Evolution of orfX Clostridium parabotulinum Strains and Their Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A and F Gene Clusters Is Influenced by Environmental Factors and Gene Interactions via Mobile Genetic Elements. | Smith TJ, Williamson CHD, Hill KK, Johnson SL, Xie G, Anniballi F, Auricchio B, Fernandez RA, Caballero PA, Keim P, Sahl JW. | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2021.566908 | 2021 | | |
| A phosphoethanolamine-modified glycosyl diradylglycerol in the polar lipids of Clostridium tetani. | Johnston NC, Aygun-Sunar S, Guan Z, Ribeiro AA, Daldal F, Raetz CR, Goldfine H. | J Lipid Res | 10.1194/jlr.m004788 | 2010 | | |
| Pathogenicity | A Thermophilic Phage Endolysin Fusion to a Clostridium perfringens-Specific Cell Wall Binding Domain Creates an Anti-Clostridium Antimicrobial with Improved Thermostability. | Swift SM, Seal BS, Garrish JK, Oakley BB, Hiett K, Yeh HY, Woolsey R, Schegg KM, Line JE, Donovan DM. | Viruses | 10.3390/v7062758 | 2015 | |
| Enzymology | Rapid detection of Clostridium difficile in feces by real-time PCR. | Belanger SD, Boissinot M, Clairoux N, Picard FJ, Bergeron MG. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.41.2.730-734.2003 | 2003 | |
| Virulence Plasmids of the Pathogenic Clostridia. | Revitt-Mills SA, Vidor CJ, Watts TD, Lyras D, Rood JI, Adams V. | Microbiol Spectr | 10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0034-2018 | 2019 | | |
| Enzymology | Abilities of the mCP Agar method and CRENAME alpha toxin-specific real-time PCR assay to detect Clostridium perfringens spores in drinking water. | Maheux AF, Berube E, Boudreau DK, Villeger R, Cantin P, Boissinot M, Bissonnette L, Bergeron MG. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.02791-13 | 2013 | |
| Metabolism | Real-time fluorogenic reverse transcription-PCR assays for detection of bacteriophage MS2. | O'Connell KP, Bucher JR, Anderson PE, Cao CJ, Khan AS, Gostomski MV, Valdes JJ. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/aem.72.1.478-483.2006 | 2006 | |
| Phylogeny | Mechanism of gram variability in select bacteria. | Beveridge TJ. | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/jb.172.3.1609-1620.1990 | 1990 | |
| Metabolism | Auranofin disrupts selenium metabolism in Clostridium difficile by forming a stable Au-Se adduct. | Jackson-Rosario S, Cowart D, Myers A, Tarrien R, Levine RL, Scott RA, Self WT. | J Biol Inorg Chem | 10.1007/s00775-009-0466-z | 2009 | |
| Phylogeny | Electrophoretic study of Clostridium species. | Cato EP, Hash DE, Holdeman LV, Moore WE. | J Clin Microbiol | 10.1128/jcm.15.4.688-702.1982 | 1982 | |
| Phylogeny | Impact of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for identification of bacteria on clinical microbiology and infectious diseases. | Clarridge JE. | Clin Microbiol Rev | 10.1128/cmr.17.4.840-862.2004 | 2004 | |
| [A case of tetanus after surgery for strangulated bowel obstruction]. | Yanagida R, Suzuki C, Yoshida H, Mikami Y, Nishijima H, Tomiyama M. | Rinsho Shinkeigaku | 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-002142 | 2025 | | |
| An Unusual Case of Asymmetrical Limb Spasticity in Tetanus. | Gv S, Varshney A, K MG, Ks C. | J Assoc Physicians India | 10.59556/japi.73.0974 | 2025 | | |
| Participation in a Voluntary Blood Donation Program as an Opportunity to Assess and Enhance Tetanus Immunity in Adult Blood Donors with an Outdated or Unknown Vaccination Status. | Tkaczyszyn K, Szymczyk-Nuzka M, Szenborn L. | Vaccines (Basel) | 10.3390/vaccines13080884 | 2025 | | |
| [Tetanus: a rare, life-threatening infection with trismus as a symptom]. | Klunder LS, Wortmann DE, Jansen J, van Riet TCT, Dubois L. | Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd | 10.5177/ntvt.2025.04.24090 | 2025 | | |
| Injection site abscesses associated with commensal and environmental bacteria following intramuscular vaccination in horses. | Ryu SH, Forbes E, Kim BS, Park KT. | Vet Anim Sci | 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100484 | 2025 | | |
| Genetics | Characterization of a Highly Toxigenic Clostridium tetani Strain from a Calf's Castration Site. | Shitada C, Ohira M, Sekiguchi M, Koda T, Takahashi M, Kuroda M. | Vet Sci | 10.3390/vetsci12100945 | 2025 | |
| Molecular Detection of natural bacterial flora within Culex pipiens pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in Aleppo, Syria | Allahem A, Alajmi R, Alajami M, Al-Ghamdi S, Bashir M, Zeb J, Alarjani K, Al-Malahi N, Abdel-Gaber R. | J Genet Eng Biotechnol | 2025 | | ||
| Metabolism | Revealing O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase involved in direct sulfhydrylation pathway in Clostridium tetani. | Kulikova VV, Anufrieva NV, Morozova EA, Khisamov MM, Tkachev YV, Kotlov MI, Belyi YF, Koval VS, Revtovich SV, Solyev PN. | Biochimie | 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.12.014 | 2025 | |
| Successful management of neonatal tetanus with autonomic manifestations at a referral hospital in Nigeria: a case report. | Onyeje CK, Onyeje BT. | BMC Pediatr | 10.1186/s12887-025-06253-9 | 2025 | | |
| Polyneuritis cranialis following actinomycosis of a wisdom tooth: a case report. | Welzel AM, Kondova M, Pfeiffer N, Wasielica-Poslednik J. | J Med Case Rep | 10.1186/s13256-025-05654-9 | 2025 | | |
| Tetanus following Guboow complications of Somali traditional burn therapy: a case report. | Hassan MM, Ahmed MM, Dirie NI, Ali SN, Mohamed RA. | J Med Case Rep | 10.1186/s13256-025-05607-2 | 2025 | | |
| A Critical Review of Postbiotics as Promising Novel Therapeutic Agents for Clostridial Infections. | Ozma MA, Fadaee M, Hosseini HM, Ataee MH, Mirhosseini SA. | Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins | 10.1007/s12602-024-10406-0 | 2025 | | |
| Generalized Tetanus Associated With Malaria and Probable Meningitis in a 4-Year-Old Patient: A Case Report in Limbe Regional Hospital, Cameroon. | Tchuisseu Ngapjang CD, Fotso C, Gobina R, Lingo PA, Shumbang Tchumukong QJ, Kouam BB, Effila M, Berinyuy Nyuydzefon E, Vincent Siysi V. | Clin Case Rep | 10.1002/ccr3.71043 | 2025 | | |
| Unveiling the hidden microbiome: a microbiological exploration of untouched burial crypts in Krakow, Poland. | Tarnawska P, Burkowska-But A, Brzezinska MS, Drazkowska A, Osinska A, Walczak M. | Syst Appl Microbiol | 10.1016/j.syapm.2025.126618 | 2025 | | |
| [Interpretation of the key points of Regulation for Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-neonatal Tetanus (2024 Edition)]. | Liu S, Liu C, Liu JY, Chen QJ, Kang X, Lan P, Xue QS, Zhu ZG, Lyu XJ, Yin WW, Wang CL. | Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi | 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241017-00640 | 2024 | | |
| Case report: Plasma exchange treatment in a patient with severe tetanus. | Huang S, Han F, Zhang Q, Hu W, Gao K, Xie Y. | Transfus Apher Sci | 10.1016/j.transci.2024.104038 | 2025 | | |
| Tetanus in Poland in 2020-2022. | Rumik A, Paradowska-Stankiewicz I. | Przegl Epidemiol | 10.32394/pe/195960 | 2024 | | |
| Feasibility of blood self-sampling with HemaSpot HF for Anti-Clostridium tetani Toxin IgG detection. | Kettlitz R, Ortmann J, Kerrinnes T, Ott JJ, Castell S. | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-025-06674-7 | 2025 | | |
| A Rare Case of Tetanus With Early Manifestation of Apnea But Without Trismus. | Yasuda T, Kimura Y, Kitamura M, Nakayama T, Nishizawa H, Imafuku I. | J Emerg Med | 10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.09.023 | 2025 | | |
| Tetanus - a lethal and neglected infectious disease. | Karna P, Thakur AK. | Ann Med Surg (Lond) | 10.1097/ms9.0000000000003407 | 2025 | | |
| The Jaw-Locking Case of a Missed Tetanus Booster. | Westlake E, Billings K, McMoran A, Selman K, Sodhi S. | Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med | 10.5811/cpcem.33516 | 2025 | | |
| Bacillus toyonensis amplifies the immunogenicity of an experimental recombinant tetanus vaccine in horses | Abreu MC, Conrad NL, Goncalves VS, Leite FPL. | J Equine Vet Sci | 2024 | | ||
| Molecular mimicry-driven autoimmunity in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. | Asamori T, Katoh H, Takata M, Komura D, Kakiuchi M, Hashimoto I, Sakurai M, Yamamoto A, Tsutsumi T, Asakage T, Ota Y, Ishikawa S. | J Allergy Clin Immunol | 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.02.014 | 2025 | | |
| [Dog bite in a newborn infant]. | Ott V, Boda D, Langer M, Visy B, Hajosi-Kalcakosz S, Kele A, Ringwald Z, Fadgyas B. | Orv Hetil | 10.1556/650.2024.33143 | 2024 | | |
| Tetanus prophylaxis in horses: guidelines for New Zealand and Australia based on a critical appraisal of the evidence. | Lovett AL, Riley CB, Chapman V, Bell B, Bishop B, Grierson A, Johnstone LJ, Sykes BW. | N Z Vet J | 10.1080/00480169.2024.2365283 | 2024 | | |
| Humoral Immunity to Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis After Cancer Treatment in Children. | Sundell S, Laine M, Jarvela L, Peltola V, Vuorinen T, Lahteenmaki P, Schuez-Havupalo L. | Cancer Rep (Hoboken) | 10.1002/cnr2.70155 | 2025 | | |
| Bacillus toyonensis amplifies the immunogenicity of an experimental recombinant tetanus vaccine in horses. | Abreu MC, Conrad NL, Goncalves VS, Leite FPL. | J Equine Vet Sci | 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105135 | 2024 | | |
| From Crisis to Cure: The Resilient Recovery of a Patient With Tetanus. | Raman E, Nallathambi N, Raghuthaman G, Mm S, A SD. | Cureus | 10.7759/cureus.75551 | 2024 | | |
| Local Tetanus Begins with a Neuromuscular Junction Paralysis around the Site of Tetanus Neurotoxin Release due to Cleavage of the Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein. | Fabris F, Megighian A, Rossetto O, Simonato M, Schiavo G, Pirazzini M, Montecucco C. | Am J Pathol | 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.05.009 | 2024 | | |
| Clostridium tetani bacteraemia in the plague area in France: Two cases. | Boualam MA, Bouri A, Signoli M, Drancourt M, Caputo A, Terrer E, Aboudharam G. | Curr Res Microb Sci | 10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100339 | 2025 | | |
| Verification of tetanus vaccination status of children admitted for animal bites in a pediatric emergency department. | Nibbio M, de Jorna C, Lagree M, Diallo D, Leruste C, Liber M, Dubos F. | Hum Vaccin Immunother | 10.1080/21645515.2025.2559509 | 2025 | | |
| Silent Entry: The Diagnostic Challenge of Tetanus Without an Obvious Wound. | Sivagurunathan K, Kaneshamoorthy P, Mathievaanan A, Jegathesan N, Thampipillai P. | Cureus | 10.7759/cureus.71432 | 2024 | | |
| An Assessment of the Presence of Clostridium tetani in the Soil and on Other Surfaces. | Shalaby M, Catenazzi A, Smith MF, Farrow Ii RA, Farcy D, Mechanic O, Zitek T. | West J Emerg Med | 10.5811/westjem.18702 | 2024 | | |
| Tetanus development during hospitalization in an older adult. | Okawa N, Hosokawa N. | IDCases | 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02114 | 2024 | | |
| Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding tetanus: a case of healthcare workers in the emergency and intensive care departments of a regional hospital in the northern region of Morocco. | Mourabit N, Elwardi K, Mahrach Y, Kaissi O, Elboussaadni Y, Oulmaati A. | BMC Health Serv Res | 10.1186/s12913-025-13522-x | 2025 | | |
| Disulphide bond-forming enzymes in clostridial species. | Antonika C, Mendoza J, Landeta C. | Microbiology (Reading) | 10.1099/mic.0.001603 | 2025 | | |
| Delirium in tetanus patients: a review of clinical features, pathophysiology, and integrated management strategies. | Rao Y, Xu X, Chen L, Wang D, Liu L, Jiang T, Chen Y, Wang Y. | Ann Med | 10.1080/07853890.2025.2543980 | 2025 | | |
| Difficult diagnosis of tetanus in a sedated patient after ileal resection. | Noguchi S, Saito J, Hashiba E. | JA Clin Rep | 10.1186/s40981-025-00779-8 | 2025 | | |
| Trauma-induced tetanus: case series and an up-to-date pharmacoeconomic overview in Nepal. | Shrestha B, Shrestha P, Agrawal G, Bastakoti S, Gurmaita RK, Khanal S. | Ann Med Surg (Lond) | 10.1097/ms9.0000000000003084 | 2025 | | |
| Participation in a Voluntary Blood Donation Program as an Opportunity to Assess and Enhance Tetanus Immunity in Adult Blood Donors with an Outdated or Unknown Vaccination Status | Tkaczyszyn K, Szymczyk-Nuzka M, Szenborn L. | Vaccines (Basel) | 2025 | | ||
| Collaborative study for the characterisation of the BINACLE Assay for in vitro detection of tetanus toxicity in toxoids - Part 2. | Behrensdorf-Nicol H, Le Tallec D, Sinitskaya N, Behr-Gross ME, Gongrich C. | Pharmeur Bio Sci Notes | 2024 | | ||
| An investigation on antimicrobial and anticancer competence of macro red algae under in-vitro condition. | Hoang TV, Alfarraj S, Ali Alharbi S. | Environ Res | 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119026 | 2024 | | |
| An Unusual Presentation of Generalized Tetanus Following Post-Exposure Vaccination Complicated by Acute Motor Sensory Axonal Neuropathy: A Case Report. | Wickramathunga CK, Anpalahan P, Thivakaran T, Silva S. | Cureus | 10.7759/cureus.72734 | 2024 | | |
| Challenges in Rehabilitation of a Tetanus Patient With Severe Complications. | Seki M, Sugiyama M, Maeda T, Kasai F. | Cureus | 10.7759/cureus.76494 | 2024 | | |
| Mango, the king of fruits, with fascinating pharmacological activities and medicinal uses. | Mahmoud HT, Nabil HA, Shahein AA, Darwish WS, Mohamed ZA. | Open Vet J | 10.5455/ovj.2025.v15.i8.2 | 2025 | | |
| Strategic Utilization of Dantrolene in a Case of Severe Acute Generalized Tetanus. | Kataria V, Agha T, Ryman K, Iyer N. | J Pharm Pract | 10.1177/08971900231178429 | 2024 | | |
| Botulism: An Overlooked Cause of Bulbar Weakness in Intensive Care - A Case Report. | Adams L, Lamquet S, Linussio J, Van Nieuwenhuysen T, Vodolazkaia A, Mukovnikova M, Parmentier H, Herdewyn S. | Case Rep Neurol | 10.1159/000541500 | 2025 | | |
| Tetanus in Romania-Trends and Challenges. | Pauna AM, Miinea SE, Enciu BG, Pitigoi D, Sirbu AM, Popescu R, Chivu CD, Vasile CC, Craciun MD. | Microorganisms | 10.3390/microorganisms13071654 | 2025 | | |
| An Unexpected Case of Generalized Tetanus. | Baptista L, Viana L, Almeida C, Pinheiro IS, Araujo R. | Cureus | 10.7759/cureus.75326 | 2024 | | |
| Investigating the Anticancer Properties of Bacterial Toxoid in Combination Vaccines. | Qasim AJ, Abood AK, Al-Shammari AM. | Asian Pac J Cancer Prev | 10.31557/apjcp.2025.26.1.233 | 2025 | | |
| Neonatal tetanus in South Sudan: a case series. | Tongun JB, Madison AB, Lako JD, Sube KL. | Afr Health Sci | 10.4314/ahs.v24i3.11 | 2024 | | |
| [Tetanus: an immunopreventable disease]. | Lamberto Y, Vargas C, Sanchez Cunto M, Saul P, Chediack V, Cunto E. | Medicina (B Aires) | 2023 | | ||
| Management of a Muskellunge Fish Bite to the Thumb With Subsequent Flexor Tendon Laceration. | Miller NW, Koenig ZA, Woodberry KM. | Cureus | 10.7759/cureus.75541 | 2024 | | |
| Functional prognosis of older adults with tetanus in Japan: a single-center retrospective study. | Yamamoto T, Sada RM, Yamamoto S, Osawa R, Hosokawa N, Kutsuna S. | BMC Infect Dis | 10.1186/s12879-025-11877-4 | 2025 | | |
| Tetanus: historical and palaeopathological aspects considering its current health impact. | Galassi FM, Bianucci R, Donell ST, Vittori V, Nerlich A, Martini M, Varotto E. | J Prev Med Hyg | 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2024.65.4.3376 | 2024 | | |
| Humanized VHH-hFc Fusion Proteins Targeting the L-HN Fragment of Tetanus Toxin Provided Protection In Vivo. | Li Y, Cheng K, Guo J, Jiang Y, Kang Q, Wang R, Du P, Gao C, Yu Y, Yang Z, Wang W, Lu J. | Antibodies (Basel) | 10.3390/antib14020048 | 2025 | | |
| Suspected Generalized Neonatal Tetanus in a Litter of Puppies. | Mayousse V, Soete C, Jeandel A. | J Am Anim Hosp Assoc | 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7246 | 2023 | | |
| Dog Bite to the Hand: Infectious Disease Considerations. | Taylor S, Iftikhar N, Sherin KM, Ganti L. | Cureus | 10.7759/cureus.65964 | 2024 | | |
| The Role of Surgical Debridement in the Treatment of Systemic Tetanus: A Case Report. | Samson TK, Samson TK, Bono KT. | JBJS Case Connect | 10.2106/jbjs.cc.22.00367 | 2022 | | |
| Maternal immunisation towards prevention of neonatal tetanus: insights from a cross-sectional study in Pru East Municipality, Ghana. | Bardoe D, Hayford D, Owusu-Mensah I, Bio RB. | BMJ Public Health | 10.1136/bmjph-2025-003200 | 2025 | | |
| Factors Influencing the Length of Emergency Intensive Care Unit Stay in Adult Tetanus Patients. | Xu J, Wang Y, Huang G, Zhou L, Mo X, Yang N, Wu P, Hu S, She C. | Int J Gen Med | 10.2147/ijgm.s512024 | 2025 | | |
| Production of anti-tetanus toxin IgY and study of its protective effects in a mouse model. | Mohammadi M, Zangooei M, Abbasi E, Ebrahimi Fana S, Aminian M. | J Immunoassay Immunochem | 10.1080/15321819.2022.2138718 | 2023 | | |
| Revitalizing tetanus vaccine literacy post road accidents: a comprehensive examination of knowledge and awareness initiative among non-medical university students in Lahore, Pakistan. | Ayub F, Saleem W, Shahid MA, Hussain Khan MA, Suleiman AK, Akram L, Sajid S, Bukhsh A, Baig MR, Khan TM. | Front Immunol | 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1468356 | 2024 | | |
| Tetanus Vaccination in Agricultural Workers: A Retrospective Study on Seroprevalence over 10 Years. | Vitale E, Filetti V, Bertolazzi G, Giorgianni G, Zagorianakou N, Marino A, Esposito M, Restivo V, Matera S, Rapisarda V, Cirrincione L. | Vaccines (Basel) | 10.3390/vaccines12121363 | 2024 | | |
| Vaccination as a risk factor for pediatric multiple sclerosis: Insights from a retrospective case-control study. | Darvishi S, Donnachie E, Gasperi C, Hapfelmeier A, Hemmer B. | Mult Scler | 10.1177/13524585241297003 | 2024 | | |
| Current Status and Factors of Vaccine Hesitancy in Tetanus Vaccination Among Traumatic Patients - China, 2024. | Chen X, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Xue Q, Xu Y, Zuo L, Wang Z, Tang Y, Cai Y, Zheng X, Liu C, Liu S, Wang C. | China CDC Wkly | 10.46234/ccdcw2025.071 | 2025 | | |
| Clostridium tetani Infection in a Geriatric Patient: Do Not Let Your Guard Off! | Piscitelli A, Cacciatore S, Ambrosio F, Ragozzino R, Pasquini FM, Incordino F, D'Angelo E, Gerardino L, Maggi L, Landi F. | Ann Geriatr Med Res | 10.4235/agmr.23.0067 | 2023 | | |
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How to citeIf you want to cite this particular strain cite the following doi:
https://doi.org/10.13145/bacdive141639.20251217.10
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BacDive in 2025: the core database for prokaryotic strain data
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