Clostridium perfringens (CIP 106157, NCTC 8798, AIP 10201)

Name: Clostridium perfringens (CIP 106157, NCTC 8798, AIP 10201)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 139291

Type strain

Culture col. no. CIP 106157 NCTC 8798 AIP 10201

NCBI tax ID(s) 1502

Special Collections CIP

History CIP <- 1999, J.P. Carlier, Inst. Pasteur, Paris, France: strain AIP 10201 <- NCTC <- B.C. Hobbs, PHLS, London, UK

Links

Clostridium perfringens CIP 106157 is an anaerobe, spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium of the family Clostridiaceae.

spore-forming Gram-positive anaerobe genome sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 67932

CIP 106157,NCTC 8798,CCUG 42877,CCUG 42881

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-02-09 11:33:19

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Clostridia

Order Eubacteriales

Family Clostridiaceae

Genus Clostridium

Species Clostridium perfringens

Full scientific name Clostridium perfringens (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al. 1937 (Approved Lists 1980)

Synonyms (2)

"Bacillus perfringens"
"Clostridioides perfringens"

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Clostridium perfringens** (104)	Type strain
2631	C. perfringens S107, DSM 756, ATCC 13124, ATCC 19408, NCIB ... (type strain)
130925	C. perfringens D10, DSM 100947, NCTC 13170, WDCM 00201, ...
130924	C. perfringens MJJ0609-4-1, DSM 29991
2630	C. perfringens SM19b, DSM 628
2632	C. perfringens McClung 1988, BP6K, CCUG 35750, CIP 104612, ...
2633	C. perfringens DSM 2943, ATCC 25768, NCIB 10620
2634	C. perfringens C5, DSM 11778
2635	C. perfringens C8, DSM 11779
2636	C. perfringens C12, DSM 11780
2637	C. perfringens C33, DSM 11781
2638	C. perfringens C36, DSM 11782
2639	C. perfringens C42, DSM 11783
2640	C. perfringens 8239, C103, DSM 11784
2641	C. perfringens C186, DSM 11785
2642	C. perfringens C192, DSM 11786
2643	C. perfringens ES-MS 22, DSM 30770
2644	C. perfringens DSM 25589, VPI No.5
134383	C. perfringens 252, CIP 60.61
134433	C. perfringens 319.2000, CIP 106951
134565	C. perfringens CWC245, CIP 106464
134571	C. perfringens 3702/49, CIP 106516, ATCC 12915, NCTC 8359
134582	C. perfringens 132, CIP 106640
134596	C. perfringens 2882000, CIP 106939
134597	C. perfringens 4552000, CIP 106940
134598	C. perfringens 3232000, CIP 106942
134599	C. perfringens 3462000, CIP 106943
134627	C. perfringens 77.2000, CIP 106526
135320	C. perfringens CIP 60.19
135625	C. perfringens 2622 A, CIP 61.5
135929	C. perfringens 167/51, CIP 106515, ATCC 12919, NCTC 8678, ...
135938	C. perfringens 150, CIP 106894
135939	C. perfringens 3172000, CIP 106941
136396	C. perfringens CIP 105178
136465	C. perfringens CIP 105956, AIP 667-76
136487	C. perfringens CIP 106156, ATCC 27324, NCIMB 10748, CCUG ...
136536	C. perfringens 72.2000, CIP 106525
136541	C. perfringens C2823, CIP 106633
136547	C. perfringens 48899, CIP 106677
136548	C. perfringens 169, CIP 106904
136555	C. perfringens 3222000, CIP 106937
136563	C. perfringens 170, CIP 106903
136568	C. perfringens 3162000, CIP 106936
136569	C. perfringens 4692000, CIP 106944
136570	C. perfringens 72.2000, CIP 106946
137054	C. perfringens 117, CIP 106902
137142	C. perfringens CIP 60.60
137328	C. perfringens 2001036, CIP 106952
137329	C. perfringens 2001038, CIP 106953
138119	C. perfringens CIP 104880, ATCC 12917, NCTC 8239, CCUG 18370
138359	C. perfringens CWC238, CIP 106527
138373	C. perfringens 100, CIP 106888
138374	C. perfringens 101, CIP 106889
138375	C. perfringens 108, CIP 106890
138376	C. perfringens 124, CIP 106891
138377	C. perfringens 138, CIP 106892
138378	C. perfringens 146, CIP 106893
138384	C. perfringens 106, CIP 106901
138473	C. perfringens CIP 105568
138597	C. perfringens 4702000, CIP 106938
139525	C. perfringens 281/50, CIP 110283, CCM 7176, ATCC 12916, ...
141458	C. perfringens CCUG 2035, NCTC 3110
141459	C. perfringens CCUG 2036, NCTC 3180, CECT 820
141460	C. perfringens CCUG 2037, NCTC 8346, CECT 821
141461	C. perfringens CCUG 2038, CECT 4110, ATCC 9856, NCTC 6719
141763	C. perfringens CCUG 6513, NCTC 11144
143263	C. perfringens CCUG 18108
144106	C. perfringens CCUG 23083
146487	C. perfringens CCUG 31304
147279	C. perfringens CCUG 33277
147489	C. perfringens CCUG 33691
147722	C. perfringens CCUG 34085
147747	C. perfringens CCUG 34138
147970	C. perfringens CCUG 34598
147979	C. perfringens CCUG 34613
148253	C. perfringens CCUG 35110
148543	C. perfringens CCUG 35619
148944	C. perfringens CCUG 36620
148995	C. perfringens CCUG 36694
149024	C. perfringens CCUG 36741
149315	C. perfringens CCUG 37480
149354	C. perfringens CCUG 37568
149572	C. perfringens CCUG 37991
150006	C. perfringens CCUG 38829
150123	C. perfringens CCUG 39042
150183	C. perfringens CCUG 39212
150282	C. perfringens CCUG 39490
150576	C. perfringens CCUG 41642
150859	C. perfringens CCUG 42581 A
150860	C. perfringens CCUG 42581 B
150893	C. perfringens CCUG 42642
150905	C. perfringens CCUG 42684
151036	C. perfringens CCUG 43122
151270	C. perfringens CCUG 43593
152132	C. perfringens CCUG 45870
152872	C. perfringens CCUG 47829
152887	C. perfringens CCUG 47895
154898	C. perfringens CCUG 55613
155386	C. perfringens CCUG 57575
156004	C. perfringens CCUG 59984
158915	C. perfringens WCA-h-251-APC-2, DSM 106278
164822	C. perfringens JCM 3816, ATCC 3624, BCRC 13019
164823	C. perfringens JCM 3817, ATCC 3626, BCRC 10647, LMG 10468, ...
164824	C. perfringens JCM 3818, ATCC 3628, NCIMB 10662
164825	C. perfringens JCM 3819, ATCC 3629, BCRC 10914, NCIMB 10663

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Motility
41430	positive

Colony morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Composition	Medium link
41430	MEDIUM 20 - for Anaerobic bacteria		Agar (15.000 g);Glucose (5.000 g);Yeast extract (20.000 g);Tryptone (30.000 g);Cysteine hydrochloride (0.500 g);distilled water (1000.000 ml);Hemin solution -M00149 (25.000 ml)
41430	CIP Medium 20			Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
41430	positive	growth	37

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
41430	anaerobe
125439	facultative anaerobe	99.5

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125439		90.4
41430

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
41430	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	-	degradation
41430	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	degradation
41430	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	+/-	degradation
41430	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+/-	degradation
41430	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	degradation
41430	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis
41430	17716 ChEBI	lactose	+/-	degradation
41430	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+/-	degradation
41430	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
41430	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	respiration
41430	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	+	reduction
41430	17814 ChEBI	salicin	-	degradation
41430	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+/-	degradation

Antibiotic resistance

@ref	ChEBI	Metabolite	Is sensitive	Is resistant
41430	6909	metronidazole

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
41430	35581 ChEBI	indole

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
68382	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
41430	amylase	-
68382	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API zym
41430	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
41430	caseinase	+	3.4.21.50
41430	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
41430	DNase	+
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
41430	gelatinase	+/-
41430	lecithinase	+
68382	leucine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API zym
41430	lipase	-
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
41430	oxidase	-
41430	protease	+
68382	trypsin	+	3.4.21.4	from API zym
41430	tween esterase	-
41430	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
41430	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	+	-	-

API biotype100

@ref	ControlQ	D-glucose as carbon sourceGLU	D-fructose as carbon sourceFRU	D-galactose as carbon sourceGAL	D-trehalose as carbon sourceTRE	D-mannose as carbon sourceMNE	L-sorbose as carbon sourceSBE	D-melibiose as carbon sourceMEL	sucrose as carbon sourceSAC	D-raffinose as carbon sourceRAF	maltotriose as carbon sourceMTE	maltose as carbon sourceMAL	lactose as carbon sourceLAC	lactulose as carbon sourceLTE	1-O-methyl-beta-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGa	1-O-methyl-alpha-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMaGa	D-cellobiose as carbon sourceCEL	gentiobiose as carbon sourceGEN	1-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGu	esculin as carbon sourceESC	D-ribose as carbon sourceRIB	L-arabinose as carbon sourceARA	D-xylose as carbon sourceXYL	palatinose as carbon sourcePLE	L-rhamnose as carbon sourceRHA	L-fucose as carbon sourceFUC	D-melezitose as carbon sourceMLZ	D-arabitol as carbon sourceDARL	L-arabitol as carbon sourceLARL	xylitol as carbon sourceXLT	dulcitol as carbon sourceDUL	D-tagatose as carbon sourceTAG	glycerol as carbon sourceGLY	myo-inositol as carbon sourceINO	D-mannitol as carbon sourceMAN	maltitol as carbon sourceMTL	D-turanose as carbon sourceTUR	D-sorbitol as carbon sourceSOR	adonitol as carbon sourceADO	hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide as carbon sourceHBG	D-lyxose as carbon sourceLYX	i-erythritol as carbon sourceERY	1-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucoside as carbon sourceMDG	3-O-methyl-D-glucose as carbon source3MDG	D-saccharate as carbon sourceSAT	mucate as carbon sourceMUC	L-tartrate as carbon sourceLTAT	D-tartrate as carbon sourceDTAT	meso-tartrate as carbon sourceMTAT	D-malate as carbon sourceDMLT	L-malate as carbon sourceLMLT	cis-aconitate as carbon sourceCATE	trans-aconitate as carbon sourceTATE	tricarballylate as carbon sourceTTE	citrate as carbon sourceCIT	D-glucuronate as carbon sourceGRT	D-galacturonate as carbon sourceGAT	2-ketogluconate as carbon source2KG	5-ketogluconate as carbon source5KG	tryptophan as carbon sourceTRY	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as carbon sourceNAG	D-gluconate as carbon sourceGNT	phenylacetate as carbon sourcePAC	protocatechuate as carbon sourcePAT	4-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcepOBE	quinate as carbon sourceQAT	gentisate as carbon sourceGTE	3-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcemOBE	benzoate as carbon sourceBAT	3-phenylpropionate as carbon sourcePPAT	m-coumarate as carbon sourceCMT	trigonelline as carbon sourceTGE	betaine as carbon sourceBET	putrescine as carbon sourcePCE	4-aminobutyrate as carbon sourceABT	histamine as carbon sourceHIN	DL-lactate as carbon sourceLAT	caprate as carbon sourceCAP	caprylate as carbon sourceCYT	L-histidine as carbon sourceHIS	succinate as carbon sourceSUC	fumarate as carbon sourceFUM	glutarate as carbon sourceGRE	DL-glycerate as carbon sourceGYT	5-aminovalerate as carbon sourceAVT	ethanolamine as carbon sourceETN	tryptamine as carbon sourceTTN	D-glucosamine as carbon sourceGLN	itaconate as carbon sourceITA	3-hydroxybutyrate as carbon source3OBU	L-aspartate as carbon sourceAPT	L-glutamate as carbon sourceGTT	L-proline as carbon sourcePRO	D-alanine as carbon sourceDALA	L-alanine as carbon sourceLALA	L-serine as carbon sourceSER	malonate as carbon sourceMNT	propionate as carbon sourcePROP	L-tyrosine as carbon sourceTYR	2-ketoglutarate as carbon source2KT
41430	not determinedn.d.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent	Isolation date
41430		United Kingdom	GBR	Europe
41430	Food, Meat rissole	United Kingdom	GBR	Europe	1953

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
41430	2	Risk group (French classification)

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	51395_G01 assembly for Clostridium perfringens NCTC8798	contig	GCA_900447105	1502.485	1502	75.42

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Clostridium perfringens NCTC8798
NCBI: GCA_900447105

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	90.40	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	84.20	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	positive	77.60	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	facultative anaerobe	99.50	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Clostridium perfringens strain NCTC8798
PATRIC: 1502.485

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	77.27	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	yes	89.34	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	yes	72.84	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	97.98	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	93.81	yes
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	66.64	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Genotyping of Clostridium perfringens isolated from broiler meat in northeastern of Iran.	Afshari A, Jamshidi A, Razmyar J, Rad M.	Vet Res Forum		2015
	Genotyping of Clostridium perfringens isolated from healthy and diseased ostriches (Struthio camelus).	Razmyar J, Kalidari GA, Tolooe A, Rad M, Movassaghi AR.	Iran J Microbiol		2014
Pathogenicity	Overexpressing the cpr1953 Orphan Histidine Kinase Gene in the Absence of cpr1954 Orphan Histidine Kinase Gene Expression, or Vice Versa, Is Sufficient to Obtain Significant Sporulation and Strong Production of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin or Spo0A by Clostridium perfringens Type F Strain SM101.	Mehdizadeh Gohari I, Gonzales JL, Uzal FA, McClane BA.	Toxins (Basel)	10.3390/toxins16040195	2024
	Stimbiotics help improve intestinal immunity and positively modulate the gut microbiome in broilers with necrotic enteritis.	Chang S, Song M, Lee J, Kim S, Song D, Jeon K, Kim H, Yang J, Kim H, Cho J.	Poult Sci	10.1016/j.psj.2025.105315	2025
	Stimbiotic supplementation modulated intestinal inflammatory response and improved boilers performance in an experimentally-induced necrotic enteritis infection model.	Lee JH, Lee B, Rousseau X, Gomes GA, Oh HJ, Kim YJ, Chang SY, An JW, Go YB, Song DC, Cho HA, Cho JH.	J Anim Sci Biotechnol	10.1186/s40104-022-00753-9	2022
Metabolism	Innovative and Highly Sensitive Detection of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin Based on Receptor Interaction and Monoclonal Antibodies.	Neumann T, Kruger M, Weisemann J, Mahrhold S, Stern D, Dorner MB, Feraudet-Tarisse C, Pohlmann C, Schulz K, Messelhausser U, Rimek D, Gessler F, Elssner T, Simon S, Rummel A, Dorner BG.	Toxins (Basel)	10.3390/toxins13040266	2021
	Inactivation of Spores and Vegetative Forms of Clostridioides difficile by Chemical Biocides: Mechanisms of Biocidal Activity, Methods of Evaluation, and Environmental Aspects.	Augustyn W, Chrusciel A, Hreczuch W, Kalka J, Tarka P, Kierat W.	Int J Environ Res Public Health	10.3390/ijerph19020750	2022
	Effects of Bile Acids and Nisin on the Production of Enterotoxin by Clostridium perfringens in a Nutrient-Rich Medium.	Park M, Rafii F.	Int J Microbiol	10.1155/2018/7276523	2018
Metabolism	Hypermotility in Clostridium perfringens strain SM101 is due to spontaneous mutations in genes linked to cell division.	Liu H, McCord KD, Howarth J, Popham DL, Jensen RV, Melville SB.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.01614-14	2014
Genetics	Ancient bacteria of the Ötzi's microbiome: a genomic tale from the Copper Age.	Lugli GA, Milani C, Mancabelli L, Turroni F, Ferrario C, Duranti S, van Sinderen D, Ventura M.	Microbiome	10.1186/s40168-016-0221-y	2017
Enzymology	NanR, a Transcriptional Regulator That Binds to the Promoters of Genes Involved in Sialic Acid Metabolism in the Anaerobic Pathogen Clostridium perfringens.	Therit B, Cheung JK, Rood JI, Melville SB.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0133217	2015
	A novel pore-forming toxin in type A Clostridium perfringens is associated with both fatal canine hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and fatal foal necrotizing enterocolitis.	Mehdizadeh Gohari I, Parreira VR, Nowell VJ, Nicholson VM, Oliphant K, Prescott JF.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0122684	2015
	Identification of the Molecular Determinants Involved in Antimicrobial Activity of Pseudodesmin A, a Cyclic Lipopeptide From the Viscosin Group.	De Vleeschouwer M, Van Kersavond T, Verleysen Y, Sinnaeve D, Coenye T, Martins JC, Madder A.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2020.00646	2020
	The CcpA protein is necessary for efficient sporulation and enterotoxin gene (cpe) regulation in Clostridium perfringens.	Varga J, Stirewalt VL, Melville SB.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.186.16.5221-5229.2004	2004
Phylogeny	Identification of Clostridium species and DNA fingerprinting of Clostridium perfringens by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis.	Keto-Timonen R, Heikinheimo A, Eerola E, Korkeala H.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.01275-06	2006
	Identification and characterization of sporulation-dependent promoters upstream of the enterotoxin gene (cpe) of Clostridium perfringens.	Zhao Y, Melville SB.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.180.1.136-142.1998	1998
	Expression from the Clostridium perfringens cpe promoter in C. perfringens and Bacillus subtilis.	Melville SB, Labbe R, Sonenshein AL.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.62.12.5550-5558.1994	1994
Phylogeny	Molecular subtyping of Clostridium perfringens by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to facilitate food-borne-disease outbreak investigations.	Maslanka SE, Kerr JG, Williams G, Barbaree JM, Carson LA, Miller JM, Swaminathan B.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.37.7.2209-2214.1999	1999
Genetics	Skewed genomic variability in strains of the toxigenic bacterial pathogen, Clostridium perfringens.	Myers GS, Rasko DA, Cheung JK, Ravel J, Seshadri R, DeBoy RT, Ren Q, Varga J, Awad MM, Brinkac LM, Daugherty SC, Haft DH, Dodson RJ, Madupu R, Nelson WC, Rosovitz MJ, Sullivan SA, Khouri H, Dimitrov GI, Watkins KL, Mulligan S, Benton J, Radune D, Fisher DJ, Atkins HS, Hiscox T, Jost BH, Billington SJ, Songer JG, McClane BA, Titball RW, Rood JI, Melville SB, Paulsen IT.	Genome Res	10.1101/gr.5238106	2006
Phylogeny	Enterotoxigenicity and genetic relatedness of Clostridium perfringens isolates from retail foods in the United States.	Lin YT, Labbe R.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.69.3.1642-1646.2003	2003
Metabolism	Further characterization of Clostridium perfringens small acid soluble protein-4 (Ssp4) properties and expression.	Li J, Paredes-Sabja D, Sarker MR, McClane BA.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0006249	2009
Stress	Factors contributing to heat resistance of Clostridium perfringens endospores.	Orsburn B, Melville SB, Popham DL.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.02629-07	2008
Enzymology	Comparison of Western immunoblots and gene detection assays for identification of potentially enterotoxigenic isolates of Clostridium perfringens.	Kokai-Kun JF, Songer JG, Czeczulin JR, Chen F, McClane BA.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.32.10.2533-2539.1994	1994
	Evidence that the enterotoxin gene can be episomal in Clostridium perfringens isolates associated with non-food-borne human gastrointestinal diseases.	Collie RE, McClane BA.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.36.1.30-36.1998	1998
Metabolism	Proteolysis of Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin during purification.	Park KB, Labbe RG.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.58.6.1999-2001.1990	1990
	Sporulation and enterotoxin (CPE) synthesis are controlled by the sporulation-specific sigma factors SigE and SigK in Clostridium perfringens.	Harry KH, Zhou R, Kroos L, Melville SB.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.01839-08	2009
Metabolism	Endogenous radiolabeling of enterotoxin from Clostridium perfringens type A on a defined medium.	Granum PE, Skjelkvale R.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.42.4.596-598.1981	1981
	Molecular genetics and pathogenesis of Clostridium perfringens.	Rood JI, Cole ST.	Microbiol Rev	10.1128/mr.55.4.621-648.1991	1991
Cultivation	Comparison of sulfite-polymyxin-sulfadiazine medium and tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine medium without egg yolk for recovering Clostridium perfringens.	Orth DS.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.33.4.986-988.1977	1977
	Rapid detection of Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	McClane BA, Strouse RJ.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.19.2.112-115.1984	1984
	[Restriction and modification of phage r by Clostridium perfringens NCTC 8798 and its mutants].	Dreyfus-Fourcade M, Sebald M, Zavadova M.	Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris)		1972
Metabolism	Spore coat protein and enterotoxin synthesis in Clostridium perfringens.	Labbe RG, Duncan CL.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.131.2.713-715.1977	1977
Metabolism	Influence of carbohydrates on growth and sporulation of Clostridium perfringens type A.	Labbe RG, Duncan CL.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.29.3.345-351.1975	1975
	Sensitization by ethylenediaminetetraacetate of Clostridium perfringens type A spores to germination by lysozyme.	Adams DM.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.116.1.500-502.1973	1973
Stress	Requirement for and sensitivity to lysozyme by Clostridium perfringens spores heated at ultrahigh temperatures.	Adams DM.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.27.4.797-801.1974	1974
Pathogenicity	Use of dogs as an assay for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.	Bartlett ML, Walker HW, Ziprin R.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.23.1.196-197.1972	1972
Metabolism	Raffinose increases sporulation and enterotoxin production by Clostridium perfringens type A.	Labbe RG, Rey DK.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.37.6.1196-1200.1979	1979
Biotechnology	Radiation resistance of spores of some Clostridium perfringens strains.	Clifford WJ, Anellis A.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.29.6.861-863.1975	1975
Cultivation	Clear, defined medium for the sporulation of Clostridium perfringens.	Sacks LE, Thompson PA.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.35.2.405-410.1978	1978
Biotechnology	Inactivation of Clostridium perfringens type A spores at ultrahigh temperatures.	Adams DM.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.26.3.282-287.1973	1973
Metabolism	Ileal loop fluid accumulation and production of diarrhea in rabbits by cell-free products of Clostridium perfringens.	Duncan CL, Strong DH.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.100.1.86-94.1969	1969
	Comparison of the alpha-toxin genes of Clostridium perfringens type A and C strains: evidence for extragenic regulation of transcription.	Katayama S, Matsushita O, Minami J, Mizobuchi S, Okabe A.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.61.2.457-463.1993	1993
Metabolism	Enterotoxin formation by Clostridium perfringens type A in a defined medium.	Labbe RG.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.41.1.315-317.1981	1981
Pathogenicity	Growth from spores of Clostridium perfringens in the presence of sodium nitrite.	Labbe RG, Duncan CL.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.19.2.353-359.1970	1970
Cultivation	Clostridium perfringens. I. Sporulation in a biphasic glucose-ion-exchange resin medium.	Clifford WJ, Anellis A.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.22.5.856-861.1971	1971
Cultivation	Recovery of heated Clostridium perfringens type A spores on selective media.	Barach JT, Adams DM, Speck ML.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.28.5.793-797.1974	1974
	Clostridium perfringens Type A Food Poisoning II. Response of the Rabbit Ileum as an Indication of Enteropathogenicity of Strains of Clostridium perfringens in Human Beings.	Strong DH, Duncan CL, Perna G.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.3.1.171-178.1971	1971
Biotechnology	Thermal inactivation of ileal loop-reactive Clostridium perfringens type A strains in phosphate buffer and beef gravy.	Bradshaw JG, Peeler JT, Twedt RM.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.34.3.280-284.1977	1977
	Clostridium perfringens Type A Food Poisoning I. Response of the Rabbit Ileum as an Indication of Enteropathogenicity of Strains of Clostridium perfringens in Monkeys.	Duncan CL, Strong DH.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.3.1.167-170.1971	1971
Enzymology	Evaluation of the NucliSens Basic Kit assay for detection of Norwalk virus RNA in stool specimens.	Greene SR, Moe CL, Jaykus LA, Cronin M, Grosso L, Aarle Pv.	J Virol Methods	10.1016/s0166-0934(02)00286-0	2003
Enzymology	Evaluation of media, time and temperature of incubation, and method of enumeration of several strains fo Clostridium perfringens spores.	Clifford WJ, Anellis A, Ross EW.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.27.4.784-792.1974	1974
Pathogenicity	Antibody against Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin in human sera.	Uemura T, Genigeorgis C, Riemann HP, Franti CE.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.9.2.470-471.1974	1974
	Rabbit ileal loop response to strains of Clostridium perfringens.	Duncan CL, Sugiyama H, Strong DH.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.95.5.1560-1566.1968	1968
Metabolism	Synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein during sporulation of Clostridium perfringens.	Labbe RG, Duncan CL.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.125.2.444-452.1976	1976
Cultivation	Comparison of media for the enumeration of Clostridium perfringens.	Harmon SM, Kautter DA, Peeler JT.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.21.5.922-927.1971	1971
	Activation and injury of Clostridium perfringens spores by alcohols.	Craven SE, Blankenship LC.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.50.2.249-256.1985	1985
Enzymology	Isolation and characterization of multiply antibiotic-resistant Clostridum perfringens strains from porcine feces.	Rood JI, Maher EA, Somers EB, Campos E, Duncan CL.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother	10.1128/aac.13.5.871	1978
	Sporulation and enterotoxin production by mutants of Clostridium perfringens.	Duncan CL, Strong DH, Sebald M.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.110.1.378-391.1972	1972
Metabolism	Minimal growth requirements for Clostridium perfringens and isolation of auxotrophic mutants.	Sebald M, Costilow RN.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.29.1.1-6.1975	1975
Stress	Germination of heat- and alkali-altered spores of Clostridium perfringens type A by lysozyme and an initiation protein.	Duncan CL, Labbe RG, Reich RR.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.109.2.550-559.1972	1972
Biotechnology	Method for estimating the presence of Clostridium perfringens in food.	Harmon SM, Kautter DA.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.20.6.913-918.1970	1970
Stress	Sensitization of Clostridium perfringens spores to heat by gamma radiation.	Gombas DE, Gomez RF.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.36.3.403-407.1978	1978
Enzymology	Improved medium for enumeration of Clostridium perfringens.	Harmon SM, Kautter DA, Peeler JT.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.22.4.688-692.1971	1971
Biotechnology	Relationship of sporulation, enterotoxin formation, and spoilage during growth of Clostridium perfringens type A in cooked chicken.	Craven SE, Blankenship LC, McDonel JL.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.41.5.1184-1191.1981	1981
Pathogenicity	Fluid accumulation in mouse ligated intestine inoculated with Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.	Yamamoto K, Ohishi I, Sakaguchi G.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.37.2.181-186.1979	1979
Stress	Reversal of radiation-dependent heat sensitization of Clostridium perfringens spores.	Gomez RF, Gombas DE, Herrero A.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.39.3.525-529.1980	1980
Enzymology	Specific oligonucleotide primers for detection of lecithinase-positive Bacillus spp. by PCR.	Schraft H, Griffiths MW.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.61.1.98-102.1995	1995
	Quantitation of Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin by electroimmunodiffusion.	Duncan CL, Somers EB.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.24.5.801-804.1972	1972
Phylogeny	Application of serological typing to the investigation of outbreaks of Clostridium perfringens food poisoning, 1970-1978.	Stringer MF, Turnbull PC, Gilbert RJ.	J Hyg (Lond)	10.1017/s002217240002698x	1980
Metabolism	Time of enterotoxin formation and release during sporulation of Clostridium perfringens type A.	Duncan CL.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.113.2.932-936.1973	1973
Stress	Spore membrane(s) as the site of damage within heated Clostridium perfringens spores.	Flowers RS, Adams DM.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.125.2.429-434.1976	1976
Metabolism	Evidence for stable messenger ribonucleic acid during sporulation and enterotoxin synthesis by Clostridium perfringens type A.	Labbe RG, Duncan CL.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.129.2.843-849.1977	1977
Metabolism	Purification and amino acid sequences of piscicocins V1a and V1b, two class IIa bacteriocins secreted by Carnobacterium piscicola V1 that display significantly different levels of specific inhibitory activity.	Bhugaloo-Vial P, Dousset X, Metivier A, Sorokine O, Anglade P, Boyaval P, Marion D.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.62.12.4410-4416.1996	1996
Enzymology	Actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase produced by a Clostridium difficile strain.	Popoff MR, Rubin EJ, Gill DM, Boquet P.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.56.9.2299-2306.1988	1988
Enzymology	Simplified method for purification of Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin.	Sakaguchi G, Uemura T, Riemann HP.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.26.5.762-767.1973	1973
Pathogenicity	System for evaluating clostridial inhibition in cured meat products.	Robach MC, Ivey FJ, Hickey CS.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.36.1.210-211.1978	1978
	Beneficial effect of catalase treatment on growth of Clostridium perfringens.	Harmon SM, Kautter DA.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.32.3.409-416.1976	1976
	Cold shock lethality and injury in Clostridium perfringens.	Traci PA, Duncan CL.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.28.5.815-821.1974	1974
Cultivation	New quantitative, qualitative, and confirmatory media for rapid analysis of food for Clostridium perfringens.	Shahidi SA, Ferguson AR.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.21.3.500-506.1971	1971
Cultivation	Improved medium for sporulation of Clostridium perfringens.	Duncan CL, Strong DH.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.16.1.82-89.1968	1968
	The Clostridium sporulation programs: diversity and preservation of endospore differentiation.	Al-Hinai MA, Jones SW, Papoutsakis ET.	Microbiol Mol Biol Rev	10.1128/mmbr.00025-14	2015
Stress	CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD AND FOOD-BORNE DISEASE.	HALL HE, ANGELOTTI R, LEWIS KH, FOTER MJ.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.85.5.1094-1103.1963	1963
	Bacillus cereus-induced fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loops.	Spira WM, Goepfert JM.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.24.3.341-348.1972	1972
Metabolism	CodY Promotes Sporulation and Enterotoxin Production by Clostridium perfringens Type A Strain SM101.	Li J, Freedman JC, Evans DR, McClane BA	Infect Immun	10.1128/IAI.00855-16	2017
Enzymology	Cloning, sequence, and transcriptional regulation of the operon encoding a putative N-acetylmannosamine-6-phosphate epimerase (nanE) and sialic acid lyase (nanA) in Clostridium perfringens.	Walters DM, Stirewalt VL, Melville SB	J Bacteriol	10.1128/JB.181.15.4526-4532.1999	1999
Cultivation	A new growth and in vitro sporulation medium for Clostridium perfringens.	Meyer M, Tholozan JL	Lett Appl Microbiol	10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00494.x	1999
Pathogenicity	Comparison of different methods of cell lysis and protein measurements in Clostridium perfringens: application to the cell volume determination.	Guerlava P, Izac V, Tholozan JL	Curr Microbiol	10.1007/pl00006756	1998
	A comparative study on the conditions of growth and sporulation of three strains of Clostridium perfringens type A.	Decaudin M, Tholozan JL	Can J Microbiol	10.1139/m96-044	1996
Stress	Stimulation of the onset of sporulation of Clostridium perfringens type A by netropsin and distamycin.	Ryu S, Labbe RG	Curr Microbiol	10.1007/BF01570717	1992
Cultivation	Influence of carbohydrates on growth and sporulation of Clostridium perfringens in a defined medium with or without guanosine.	Sacks LE	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.46.5.1169-1175.1983	1983
Cultivation	Effects of pH shifts, bile salts, and glucose on sporulation of Clostridium perfringens NCTC 8798.	Hickey CS, Johnson MG	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.41.1.124-129.1981	1981
Cultivation	Ultrastructure of sporulating cells of Clostridium perfringens type A grown in the presence of raffinose.	Labbe RG, Rufner R	Can J Microbiol	10.1139/m80-190	1980
Metabolism	Influence of starch source on sporulation and enterotoxin production by Clostridium perfringens type A.	Labbe R, Somers E, Duncan C	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.31.3.455-457.1976	1976
Pathogenicity	Repair of heat-injured Clostridium perfringens spores during outgrowth.	Barach JT, Flowers RS, Adams DM	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.30.5.873-875.1975	1975
Stress	In vitro production of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and its detection by reversed passive hemagglutination.	Uemura T, Sakaguchi G, Riemann HP	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.26.3.381-385.1973	1973
Pathogenicity	Assay methods for Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin.	Genigeorgis C, Sakaguchi G, Riemann H	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.26.1.111-115.1973	1973
Metabolism	A paracrystalline inclusion formed during sporulation of enterotoxin-producing strains of Clostridium perfringens type A.	Duncan CL, King GJ, Frieben WR	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.114.2.845-859.1973	1973
Enzymology	Biological characteristics of Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin.	Stark RL, Duncan CL	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.4.2.89-96.1971	1971

References

#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#41430	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 106157
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

Rate our new design

Content

About us

Clostridium perfringens (CIP 106157, NCTC 8798, AIP 10201)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Metabolite utilization

Antibiotic resistance

Metabolite production

Enzymes

API zym

API biotype100

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_900447105

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

BacDive

Help

Social Media