Vibrio vulnificus (CIP 103196, ATCC 33147, NCIMB 2136)

Name: Vibrio vulnificus (CIP 103196, ATCC 33147, NCIMB 2136)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 136180

Type strain

Culture col. no. CIP 103196 ATCC 33147 NCIMB 2136

NCBI tax ID(s) 672

Special Collections CIP

History CIP <- 1988, NCIB <- 1979, M. Nishibuchi: strain ES-7601, Vibrio sp.

Links

Vibrio vulnificus CIP 103196 is a facultative anaerobe, Gram-negative, motile bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae.

Gram-negative motile rod-shaped facultative anaerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 40356

ATCC 33147,CCUG 38429,CECT 897,CIP 103196,NCMB 2136,NCIMB 2136,CCRC 13846,KCTC 2983,BCRC 13846

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-02-09 11:32:35

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Pseudomonadota

Class Gammaproteobacteria

Order "Vibrionales"

Family Vibrionaceae

Genus Vibrio

Species Vibrio vulnificus

Full scientific name Vibrio vulnificus (Reichelt et al. 1979) Farmer 1980

Synonyms (1)

Beneckea vulnifica

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Vibrio vulnificus** (27)	Type strain
17276	V. vulnificus 324, DSM 10143, ATCC 27562, WDCM 00139, JCM ... (type strain)
17277	V. vulnificus H 1828/94, DSM 11507
135710	V. vulnificus 693-80, CIP 81.90
137008	V. vulnificus CMCP6, CIP 109784
139679	V. vulnificus YJ016, CIP 109783
142949	V. vulnificus CCUG 15885 A, ATCC 33814
142950	V. vulnificus CCUG 15886, ATCC 33815
142951	V. vulnificus CCUG 15887 A, ATCC 33816
143028	V. vulnificus CCUG 16395
149735	V. vulnificus CCUG 38297
149798	V. vulnificus CCUG 38429, CECT 897
149799	V. vulnificus CCUG 38430, CECT 4601
149800	V. vulnificus CCUG 38431, CECT 4606
149840	V. vulnificus CCUG 38521
150235	V. vulnificus CCUG 39349
150671	V. vulnificus CCUG 41928
152470	V. vulnificus CCUG 46876
152471	V. vulnificus CCUG 46877
152670	V. vulnificus CCUG 47319
152671	V. vulnificus CCUG 47321
153100	V. vulnificus CCUG 48492
164788	V. vulnificus JCM 3726
164789	V. vulnificus JCM 3727
164790	V. vulnificus JCM 3728
164791	V. vulnificus JCM 3729
164792	V. vulnificus JCM 3730
164793	V. vulnificus JCM 3731

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Confidence
125438	negative		100
125439	negative		98.6
35507	negative	rod-shaped

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Composition	Medium link
35507	MEDIUM 72- for trypto casein soja agar		Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Trypto casein soy agar (40.000 g)
35507	CIP Medium 72			Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
35507	positive	growth	30
35507	positive	growth	15-41
35507	negative	growth	5

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
35507	facultative anaerobe
125439	obligate aerobe	96.7

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125439		99.2

Halophily

@ref	Salt	Growth	Tested relation	Concentration
35507	NaCl	positive	growth	2-6 %
35507	NaCl		growth	0 %
35507	NaCl		growth	8 %
35507	NaCl		growth	10 %

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68371	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
35507	16947 ChEBI	citrate	-	carbon source
68371	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	12936 ChEBI	D-galactose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17924 ChEBI	D-sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
35507	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis
68371	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28066 ChEBI	gentiobiose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	24265 ChEBI	gluconate	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
35507	17234 ChEBI	glucose	+	fermentation
35507	17234 ChEBI	glucose	+	degradation
68371	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
35507	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	fermentation
68371	17716 ChEBI	lactose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	59640 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
35507	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction
35507	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	respiration
35507	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68371		Potassium 2-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371		Potassium 5-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17814 ChEBI	salicin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
35507	132112 ChEBI	sodium thiosulfate	-	builds gas from
68371	28017 ChEBI	starch	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	32528 ChEBI	turanose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid

Antibiotic resistance

@ref	Metabolite	Is sensitive	Is resistant
35507	0129 (2,4-Diamino-6,7-di-iso-propylpteridine phosphate)

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
35507	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test	Methylred-test
35507	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-
35507	17234 ChEBI	glucose		-

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
35507	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
35507	amylase	+
35507	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23
68382	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API zym
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
35507	caseinase	+	3.4.21.50
35507	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
35507	DNase	+
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
35507	gamma-glutamyltransferase	-	2.3.2.2
35507	gelatinase	+
35507	lecithinase	+
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
35507	lipase	+
68382	lipase (C 14)	+		from API zym
35507	lysine decarboxylase	+	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
35507	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
35507	oxidase	+
35507	phenylalanine ammonia-lyase	+	4.3.1.24
35507	protease	+
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
35507	tryptophan deaminase	-
35507	tween esterase	+
35507	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68382	valine arylamidase	+		from API zym

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
35507	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

API 50CHac

@ref	ControlQ	GLY	ERY	DARA	LARA	RIB	DXYL	LXYL	ADO	MDX	GAL	GLU	FRU	MNE	SBE	RHA	DUL	INO	MAN	SOR	MDM	MDG	NAG	AMY	ARB	ESC	SAL	CEL	MAL	LAC	MEL	SAC	TRE	INU	MLZ	RAF	AMD	GLYG	XLT	GEN	TUR	LYX	TAG	DFUC	LFUC	DARL	LARL	GNT	2KG	5KG
35507	not determinedn.d.	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+/-	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-

API biotype100

@ref	ControlQ	D-glucose as carbon sourceGLU	D-fructose as carbon sourceFRU	D-galactose as carbon sourceGAL	D-trehalose as carbon sourceTRE	D-mannose as carbon sourceMNE	L-sorbose as carbon sourceSBE	D-melibiose as carbon sourceMEL	sucrose as carbon sourceSAC	D-raffinose as carbon sourceRAF	maltotriose as carbon sourceMTE	maltose as carbon sourceMAL	lactose as carbon sourceLAC	lactulose as carbon sourceLTE	1-O-methyl-beta-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGa	1-O-methyl-alpha-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMaGa	D-cellobiose as carbon sourceCEL	gentiobiose as carbon sourceGEN	1-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGu	esculin as carbon sourceESC	D-ribose as carbon sourceRIB	L-arabinose as carbon sourceARA	D-xylose as carbon sourceXYL	palatinose as carbon sourcePLE	L-rhamnose as carbon sourceRHA	L-fucose as carbon sourceFUC	D-melezitose as carbon sourceMLZ	D-arabitol as carbon sourceDARL	L-arabitol as carbon sourceLARL	xylitol as carbon sourceXLT	dulcitol as carbon sourceDUL	D-tagatose as carbon sourceTAG	glycerol as carbon sourceGLY	myo-inositol as carbon sourceINO	D-mannitol as carbon sourceMAN	maltitol as carbon sourceMTL	D-turanose as carbon sourceTUR	D-sorbitol as carbon sourceSOR	adonitol as carbon sourceADO	hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide as carbon sourceHBG	D-lyxose as carbon sourceLYX	i-erythritol as carbon sourceERY	1-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucoside as carbon sourceMDG	3-O-methyl-D-glucose as carbon source3MDG	D-saccharate as carbon sourceSAT	mucate as carbon sourceMUC	L-tartrate as carbon sourceLTAT	D-tartrate as carbon sourceDTAT	meso-tartrate as carbon sourceMTAT	D-malate as carbon sourceDMLT	L-malate as carbon sourceLMLT	cis-aconitate as carbon sourceCATE	trans-aconitate as carbon sourceTATE	tricarballylate as carbon sourceTTE	citrate as carbon sourceCIT	D-glucuronate as carbon sourceGRT	D-galacturonate as carbon sourceGAT	2-ketogluconate as carbon source2KG	5-ketogluconate as carbon source5KG	tryptophan as carbon sourceTRY	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as carbon sourceNAG	D-gluconate as carbon sourceGNT	phenylacetate as carbon sourcePAC	protocatechuate as carbon sourcePAT	4-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcepOBE	quinate as carbon sourceQAT	gentisate as carbon sourceGTE	3-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcemOBE	benzoate as carbon sourceBAT	3-phenylpropionate as carbon sourcePPAT	m-coumarate as carbon sourceCMT	trigonelline as carbon sourceTGE	betaine as carbon sourceBET	putrescine as carbon sourcePCE	4-aminobutyrate as carbon sourceABT	histamine as carbon sourceHIN	DL-lactate as carbon sourceLAT	caprate as carbon sourceCAP	caprylate as carbon sourceCYT	L-histidine as carbon sourceHIS	succinate as carbon sourceSUC	fumarate as carbon sourceFUM	glutarate as carbon sourceGRE	DL-glycerate as carbon sourceGYT	5-aminovalerate as carbon sourceAVT	ethanolamine as carbon sourceETN	tryptamine as carbon sourceTTN	D-glucosamine as carbon sourceGLN	itaconate as carbon sourceITA	3-hydroxybutyrate as carbon source3OBU	L-aspartate as carbon sourceAPT	L-glutamate as carbon sourceGTT	L-proline as carbon sourcePRO	D-alanine as carbon sourceDALA	L-alanine as carbon sourceLALA	L-serine as carbon sourceSER	malonate as carbon sourceMNT	propionate as carbon sourcePROP	L-tyrosine as carbon sourceTYR	2-ketoglutarate as carbon source2KT
35507	not determinedn.d.	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	+

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent
35507		Japan	JPN	Asia
35507	Environment, Diseased pond-cultured eels	Japan	JPN	Asia

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
35507	2	Risk group (French classification)

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM76489v1 assembly for Vibrio vulnificus ATCC 33147	contig	GCA_000764895	672.93	2651869775	672	21.91

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
124043	Vibrio vulnificus strain ATCC 33147 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	JQ253967	1394		672
124043	V.vulnificus (ATCC 33147) gene for 16S ribosomal RNA (partial)	Z22992	199		672

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Vibrio vulnificus ATCC 33147
NCBI: GCA_000764895

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	99.20	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	82.60	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	negative	98.60	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	obligate aerobe	96.70	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Vibrio vulnificus ATCC 33147
PATRIC: 672.93

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	no	100.00	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	96.01	yes
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	86.77	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	71.44	yes
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	99.50	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	89.69	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	The first evidence of blaCTX-M-55, QnrVC5, and novel insight into the genome of MDR Vibrio vulnificus isolated from Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) identified by resistome analysis	Raharjo HM, Budiyansah H, Mursalim MF, Chokmangmeepisarn P, Sakulworakan R, Debnath PP, Sivaramasamy E, Intan ST, Chuanchuen R, Dong HT, Mabrok M, Rodkhum C.	Aquaculture	10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739500	2024
	Modeling pH and Temperature Effects as Climatic Hazards in Vibrio Vulnificus and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Planktonic Growth and Biofilm Formation.	Velez KEC, Leighton RE, Decho AW, Pinckney JL, Norman RS.	Geohealth	10.1029/2022gh000769	2023
	Development of Multienzyme Isothermal Rapid Amplification (MIRA) Combined with Lateral-Flow Dipstick (LFD) Assay to Detect Species-Specific tlh and Pathogenic trh and tdh Genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.	Park SB, Zhang Y.	Pathogens	10.3390/pathogens13010057	2024
	Draft Genome Sequence of Fish Pathogenic Vibrio vulnificus Biotype 2.	Koton Y, Eghbaria S, Gordon M, Chalifa-Caspi V, Bisharat N.	Genome Announc	10.1128/genomea.01224-14	2014
Genetics	Comparative genomic analysis of clinical and environmental Vibrio vulnificus isolates revealed biotype 3 evolutionary relationships.	Koton Y, Gordon M, Chalifa-Caspi V, Bisharat N.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2014.00803	2014
Phylogeny	Multiplex PCR for detection of the Vibrio genus and five pathogenic Vibrio species with primer sets designed using comparative genomics.	Kim HJ, Ryu JO, Lee SY, Kim ES, Kim HY.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/s12866-015-0577-3	2015
Phylogeny	Identification of DNA sequences specific for Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 strains by suppression subtractive hybridization.	Lee CT, Amaro C, Sanjuan E, Hor LI.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.71.9.5593-5597.2005	2005
	A common virulence plasmid in biotype 2 Vibrio vulnificus and its dissemination aided by a conjugal plasmid.	Lee CT, Amaro C, Wu KM, Valiente E, Chang YF, Tsai SF, Chang CH, Hor LI.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.01484-07	2008
	Immunogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus capsular polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein conjugates.	Simonson JG, Siebeling RJ.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.61.5.2053-2058.1993	1993
Enzymology	Rapid detection and identification of Vibrio anguillarum by using a specific oligonucleotide probe complementary to 16S rRNA.	Martinez-Picado J, Blanch AR, Jofre J.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.60.2.732-737.1994	1994
Enzymology	Demonstration of a common antigen in sonicated cells for identification of Vibrio vulnificus serotypes.	Nishibuchi M, Seidler RJ.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.21.1.97-101.1985	1985
	Vibrio vulnificus biogroup 2: new biogroup pathogenic for eels.	Tison DL, Nishibuchi M, Greenwood JD, Seidler RJ.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.44.3.640-646.1982	1982
Enzymology	Sequence of a cloned pR72H fragment and its use for detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish with the PCR.	Lee CY, Pan SF, Chen CH.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.61.4.1311-1317.1995	1995
Phenotype	Genomic and metabolic profiling of nonulosonic acids in Vibrionaceae reveal biochemical phenotypes of allelic divergence in Vibrio vulnificus.	Lewis AL, Lubin JB, Argade S, Naidu N, Choudhury B, Boyd EF.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00712-11	2011
Enzymology	Simultaneous detection of marine fish pathogens by using multiplex PCR and a DNA microarray.	Gonzalez SF, Krug MJ, Nielsen ME, Santos Y, Call DR.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.42.4.1414-1419.2004	2004
	Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2, pathogenic for eels, is also an opportunistic pathogen for humans.	Amaro C, Biosca EG.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.62.4.1454-1457.1996	1996
Phylogeny	Population genetics of Vibrio vulnificus: identification of two divisions and a distinct eel-pathogenic clone.	Gutacker M, Conza N, Benagli C, Pedroli A, Bernasconi MV, Permin L, Aznar R, Piffaretti JC.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.69.6.3203-3212.2003	2003
	Nested PCR method for rapid and sensitive detection of Vibrio vulnificus in fish, sediments, and water.	Arias CR, Garay E, Aznar R.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.61.9.3476-3478.1995	1995
Phylogeny	Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Vibrio vulnificus: proposal for the substitution of the subspecific taxon biotype for serovar.	Biosca EG, Amaro C, Larsen JL, Pedersen K.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.63.4.1460-1466.1997	1997
	Phenotypic characterization of Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2, a lipopolysaccharide-based homogeneous O serogroup within Vibrio vulnificus.	Biosca EG, Oliver JD, Amaro C.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.62.3.918-927.1996	1996
Phylogeny	Genetic relatedness among environmental, clinical, and diseased-eel Vibrio vulnificus isolates from different geographic regions by ribotyping and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR.	Arias CR, Pujalte MJ, Garay E, Aznar R.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.64.9.3403-3410.1998	1998
	Emergence of a virulent clade of Vibrio vulnificus and correlation with the presence of a 33-kilobase genomic island.	Cohen AL, Oliver JD, DePaola A, Feil EJ, Boyd EF.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00635-07	2007
Enzymology	Toxic and enzymatic activities of Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 with respect to host specificity.	Biosca EG, Amaro C.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.62.7.2331-2337.1996	1996
	Intraspecific Differentiation of Vibrio vulnificus Biotypes by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and Ribotyping.	Arias CR, Verdonck L, Swings J, Garay E, Aznar R.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.63.7.2600-2606.1997	1997
	An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2: development and field studies.	Biosca EG, Marco-Noales E, Amaro C, Alcaide E.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.63.2.537-542.1997	1997
Cultivation	Comparison of the effects of environmental parameters on growth rates of Vibrio vulnificus biotypes I, II, and III by culture and quantitative PCR analysis.	Chase E, Harwood VJ	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/AEM.00135-11	2011
Pathogenicity	Vibrionaceae as a possible source of Qnr-like quinolone resistance determinants.	Poirel L, Liard A, Rodriguez-Martinez JM, Nordmann P	J Antimicrob Chemother	10.1093/jac/dki371	2005

References

#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#35507	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 103196
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#68371	Automatically annotated from API 50CH acid .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Vibrio vulnificus (CIP 103196, ATCC 33147, NCIMB 2136)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Halophily

Metabolite utilization

Antibiotic resistance

Metabolite production

Metabolite tests

Enzymes

API zym

API 50CHac

API biotype100

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_000764895

16S sequences

Genome-based predictions

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Literature

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